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Fang J, Zhou G, Zhao H, Xie D, Zhang J, Kües U, Xiao Y, Fang Z, Liu J. An apoptosis-inducing factor controls programmed cell death and laccase expression during fungal interactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:135. [PMID: 38229306 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Apoptotic-like programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the main strategies for fungi to resist environmental stresses and maintain homeostasis. The apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) has been shown in different fungi to trigger PCD through upregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study identified a mitochondrial localized AIF homolog, CcAIF1, from Coprinopsis cinerea monokaryon Okayama 7. Heterologous overexpression of CcAIF1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused apoptotic-like PCD of the yeast cells. Ccaif1 was increased in transcription when C. cinerea interacted with Gongronella sp. w5, accompanied by typical apoptotic-like PCD in C. cinerea, including phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation. Decreased mycelial ROS levels were observed in Ccaif1 silenced C. cinerea transformants during cocultivation, as well as reduction of the apoptotic levels, mycelial growth, and asexual sporulation. By comparison, Ccaif1 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Moreover, the transcription and expression levels of laccase Lcc9 decreased by Ccaif1 silencing but increased firmly in Ccaif1 overexpression C. cinerea transformants in coculture. Thus, in conjunction with our previous report that intracellular ROS act as signal molecules to stimulate defense responses, we conclude that CcAIF1 is a regulator of ROS to promote apoptotic-like PCD and laccase expression in fungal-fungal interactions. In an axenic culture of C. cinerea, CcAIF1 overexpression and H2O2 stimulation together increased laccase secretion with multiplied production yield. The expression of two other normally silent isozymes, Lcc8 and Lcc13, was unexpectedly triggered along with Lcc9. KEY POINTS: • Mitochondrial CcAIF1 induces PCD during fungal-fungal interactions • CcAIF1 is a regulator of ROS to trigger the expression of Lcc9 for defense • CcAIF1 overexpression and H2O2 stimulation dramatically increase laccase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dengdeng Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingna Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen‑Institute, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Bailly C. Pharmacological properties of extracts and prenylated isoflavonoids from the fruits of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.). Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106112. [PMID: 38971332 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Osage orange trees (Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.) are distributed worldwide, particularly in south-east states of the USA. They produce large quantities of strong yellow fruits, bigger than oranges, but these fruits are inedible, with an acid milky juice which is little consumed by birds and insects. Extracts prepared from Osage orange fruits (hedge apple) have revealed a range of pharmacological properties of interest in human and veterinary medicine. In addition, Osage orange extracts can be used in agriculture and aquaculture, and as dyeing agent for the textile industry. Extracts contain potent antioxidant compounds, notably the isoflavonoids pomiferin and auriculasin, together with other terpenoids and flavonoids. The structural characteristics and pharmacological properties of the major prenylated isoflavones isolated from M. pomifera are discussed here, with a focus on the two phenolic compounds osajin and warangalone, and the two catechol analogues pomiferin and auriculasin. The mechanisms at the origin of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are presented, notably inhibition of xanthine oxidase, phosphodiesterase 5A and kinases such as RKS2 and kRAS. Osajin and auriculasin display marked anticancer properties, owing to their ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and tumor angiogenesis. Different molecular mechanisms are discussed, including osajin‑copper complexation and binding to quadruplex DNA. An overview of the mechanism of action of the prenylated isoflavones from Osage orange is presented, with the objective to promote their knowledge and to raise opportunities to better exploit the fruits of Osage orange, abundant but largely neglected at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, OncoLille Institut, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, F-59006 Lille, France; OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, F-59290 Lille, France.
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3
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Wang X, Zhang T, Qu L, Zhang Y, Gao G. Auriculasin induces mitochondrial oxidative stress and drives ferroptosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03328-9. [PMID: 39093464 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer with poor outcomes. Auriculasin is a prenylated isoflavone abundant in the root of F. philippinensis with multiple pharmacological effects, including anticancer role. However, its roles in NSCLC remain largely unknown. NSCLC A549 cells were treated with auriculasin in vitro, and used to induce xenograft models. Cell viability was detected via CCK-8 assay. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was analyzed by JC-1 staining, ROS staining, and levels of MDA, SOD and GSH. Ferroptosis was assessed via iron content, and levels of ACSL4, PTGS2, FSP1 and GPX4. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt were measured by western blot. Auriculasin reduced NSCLC cell viability. Auriculasin promoted mitochondrial oxidative stress by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD and GSH levels, and enhancing ROS and MDA contents. In addition, auriculasin induced ferroptosis via increasing iron, ACSL4 and PTGS3 levels, and decreasing FSP1 and GPX4 levels. Furthermore, the potential targets of auriculasin in NSCLC were enriched in PI3K/Akt signaling. Auriculasin blunted PI3K/Akt pathway activation by blocking the phosphorylation. Activated PI3K/Akt signaling by activator 740Y-P reversed the effects of auriculasin on mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Finally, auriculasin reduced NSCLC cell growth in xenograft models. Auriculasin facilitates mitochondrial oxidative stress and induces ferroptosis through inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lin Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guizhou Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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4
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Jiao X, Zhang M, Zhang M, Hao L, Wu C. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, structural characterization, and anticancer activity of polysaccharides from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:127926. [PMID: 37956813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit polysaccharides (RPs) were extracted by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method. The highest extraction yield of RPs was 4.78 ± 0.10 % under the optimal extraction conditions. Two purified fractions named RP1 and RP3 were obtained and systematically characterized by a combination strategy of FT-IR, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight distribution, methylation and 2D NMR spectroscopy analyses. Structural analysis showed that the main chain of RP1 was composed of rhamnogalacturonan type I (RG-I), while the side chains were rich in arabinogalactan and galactose. RP3 was composed of long homogalacturonan (HG) backbone interspersed with alternating sequences of RG-I domains, with galactose and arabinose side chains. RP1 and RP3 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a dose dependent manner in vitro especially for RP1, and had no effect on L929 cells. Furthermore, the possible anticancer mechanisms were revealed, and results suggested that RP1 induced apoptosis through ROS-dependent pathway and mitochondrial pathway. The results of this work not only provided an efficient extraction method and theoretical basis for the application of RPs, but also may contribute to develop novel functional foods or pharmaceutical products for the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mengye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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5
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Govindasamy B, Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S. A review on the impact of TRAIL on cancer signaling and targeting via phytochemicals for possible cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127162. [PMID: 37788732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapies have been the continual pursuit of this age. Cancer has been ravaging all across the globe breathing not just threats but demonstrating them. Remedies for cancer have been frantically sought after. Few have worked out, yet till date, the available cancer therapies have not delivered a holistic solution. In a world where the search for therapies is levitating towards natural remedies, solutions based on phytochemicals are highly prospective attractions. A lot has been achieved with inputs from plant resources, providing numerous natural remedies. In the current review, we intensely survey the progress achieved in the treatment of cancer through phytochemicals-based programmed cell death of cancer cells. More specifically, we have further reviewed and discussed the role of phytochemicals in activating apoptosis via Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), which is a cell protein that can attach to certain molecules in cancer cells, killing cancer cells. The objective of this review is to enlist the various phytochemicals that are available for specifically contributing towards triggering the TRAIL cell protein-mediated cancer therapy and to point out the research gaps that require future research motivation. This is the first review of this kind in this research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Govindasamy
- Department of Product Development, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Shaikh S, Younis M, Yingying S, Tanziela T, Yuan L. Bleomycin loaded exosomes enhanced antitumor therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. Life Sci 2023; 330:121977. [PMID: 37499934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleomycin (BLM) is a chemotherapeutic agent with potent antitumor activity against the tumor. However, lung fibrosis is the main drawback that limits BLM use. Tumor targeted, safe, efficient and natural delivery of BLM is important to increase the effectiveness and reduce the toxic side effects. Although tumor derived Exosomes (Exo), provide a potential vehicle for in vivo drug delivery due to their cell tropism. This study primarily focuses on generating a natural delivery platform for Exo loaded with BLM and testing its therapeutic efficacy against cancer. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from cancer cells and incubated with BLM. Exo were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, western blot analysis and nanoparticle tracking analysis. We performed in vitro and in vivo analyses to evaluate the effect of Exo-BLM. RESULTS Exosomes loaded with BLM are highly cancer targeting and cause the cytotoxicity of tumor cells by ROS. The fluorescence images showed that Exo-BLM accumulated in cancer cells. The results revealed that Exo-BLM induces tumor cell apoptosis by the caspase pathway. In vivo, the treatment of Exo-BLM showed targeted ability and enhanced the antitumor activity. CONCLUSION This study provides an avenue for specific BLM therapeutics with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Shaikh
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Muhammad Younis
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shao Yingying
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Tanziela Tanziela
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Biharee A, Yadav A, Jangid K, Singh Y, Kulkarni S, Sawant DM, Kumar P, Thareja S, Jain AK. Flavonoids as promising anticancer agents: an in silico investigation of ADMET, binding affinity by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7835-7846. [PMID: 36165610 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most concerning diseases to humankind. Various treatment strategies are being employed for its treatment, out of which use of natural products is an essential one. Flavonoids have proven to be promising anticancer targets since decades. Also, tubulin is a significant biological target for the development of anticancer agents due to its crucial role in mitosis and abundance throughout the body. In the current study, in silico ADMET parameters of 104 flavonoids were examined, followed by molecular docking with the colchicine binding site of Tubulin protein (PDB; Id 4O2B). The best conformation from each flavonoid subcategory with the best docking score (MolDock score) was further subjected to 100 ns of molecular dynamics to investigate the protein-ligand complex's stability. Different parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, rGy and SASA were calculated for the six flavonoids using molecular dynamic studies. The top most compound from all the six subcategories of flavonoids elicited best behavior in the colchicine binding site of Tubulin protein. This in silico study employing molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation provides strong evidence for flavonoids to be excellent anti-tubulin agents for the treatment of cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadh Biharee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arpita Yadav
- R.K. College of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Devesh M Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Akhlesh Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Li R, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Rangsinth P, Wang W, Kwan YW, Wong ESW, Zhang Y, Li J, Leung GPH. Garcinone E triggers apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells by mediating a reactive oxygen species–dependent JNK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114617. [PMID: 37001180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite various therapeutic approaches, colorectal cancer is among the most fatal diseases globally. Hence, developing novel and more effective methods for colorectal cancer treatment is essential. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/JNK signaling pathway has been proposed as the potential target for the anticancer drug discovery. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of the bioactive xanthone garcinone E (GAR E) in mangosteen and explored its underlying mechanism of action. HT-29 and Caco-2 cancer cells were used as in vitro models to study the anticancer effect of GAR E. The findings demonstrated that GAR E inhibited colony formation and wound healing, whereas triggered the production of ROS, which induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest at the Sub G1 phase. Additionally, GAR E treatment elevated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and activated PARP, caspases 3 and 9, and JNK1/2. These GAR E-induced cytotoxic activities and expression of signaling proteins were reversed by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and JNK inhibitor SP600125, indicating the involvement of ROS/JNK signaling pathways. In vivo experiments using an HT-29 xenograft nude mouse model also demonstrated the antitumor effect of GAR E. In conclusion, our findings showed that GAR E might be potentially effective in treating colorectal cancer and provided insights into the development of xanthones as novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Emily Sze-Wan Wong
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Naes SM, Ab-Rahim S, Mazlan M, Amir Hashim NA, Abdul Rahman A. Increased ENT2 expression and its association with altered purine metabolism in cell lines derived from different stages of colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:212. [PMID: 37123217 PMCID: PMC10133795 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancer types worldwide. Although the purine metabolism pathway is vital for cancer cell survival, little is known about the role of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) in CRC development and its association with purine metabolites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), hypoxanthine and uric acid (UA), as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and investigate their association with ENT2 expression levels in a normal human colon cell line and CRC cell lines derived from different stages of CRC. These analyses were performed using the normal colon CCD-841CoN cell line and a panel of human CRC cell lines comprising SW480, HCT15 and HCT116, which represent Dukes' B, C and D stages, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to determine the level of ENT2 mRNA expression. In cells of all CRC stages, the levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine were significantly higher (P<0.05), while XO activity and UA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), compared with those in the CCD-841CoN cell line. ENT2 expression was found to be elevated in cells derived from all stages of CRC. The Dukes' D stage cell line had higher levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine, although its ENT2 level was not significantly lower than that of the Dukes' B and C stage cell lines. Increased levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine in various stages of CRC may indicate an increase in the activity of the salvage pathway. The increased expression of ENT2 implies the importance of the ENT2 protein in facilitating hypoxanthine transport, which is required for enhanced DNA synthesis via hypoxanthine recycling. In conclusion, ENT2 may have potential as a target in the development of CRC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M. Naes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Azmir Amir Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
- Correspondence to: Dr Amirah Abdul Rahman, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
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Lv HW, Wang QL, Luo M, Zhu MD, Liang HM, Li WJ, Cai H, Zhou ZB, Wang H, Tong SQ, Li XN. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural prenylated flavonoids. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:207-272. [PMID: 37055613 PMCID: PMC10101826 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids are a special kind of flavonoid derivative possessing one or more prenyl groups in the parent nucleus of the flavonoid. The presence of the prenyl side chain enriched the structural diversity of flavonoids and increased their bioactivity and bioavailability. Prenylated flavonoids show a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective effects, and anti-osteoclastogenic activities. In recent years, many compounds with significant activity have been discovered with the continuous excavation of the medicinal value of prenylated flavonoids, and have attracted the extensive attention of pharmacologists. This review summarizes recent progress on research into natural active prenylated flavonoids to promote new discoveries of their medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Liang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Di Zhu
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology University, 310014, Hang Zhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Hai Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Nuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China.
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11
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Wu JH, Ren Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yu H. Targeting regulated cell death with plant natural compounds for cancer therapy: A revisited review of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1488-1525. [PMID: 36717200 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) refers to programmed cell death regulated by various protein molecules, such as apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that RCD subroutines have several links to many types of human cancer; therefore, targeting RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, plant natural compounds, small-molecule compounds synthesized from plant sources, and their derivatives have been widely reported to regulate different RCD subroutines to improve potential cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on updating the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss several representative plant natural compounds and their derivatives that regulate the above-mentioned three subroutines of RCD, and their potential as candidate small-molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueting Ren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerity Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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12
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Khalid AD, Ur-Rehman N, Tariq GH, Ullah S, Buzdar SA, Iqbal SS, Sher EK, Alsaiari NS, Hickman GJ, Sher F. Functional bioinspired nanocomposites for anticancer activity with generation of reactive oxygen species. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136885. [PMID: 36257397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a debilitating and deadly disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of aberrant cell populations. This disease cannot always be controlled with traditional therapies and medicines. Different medicines are being used for this purpose, however these medicines have their side effects and are harmful to healthy cells. A better way to cure cancer disease is by limiting the agglomeration of cancer cells, minimizing their growth and their population by destroying these harmful cells. This could be achieved by controlling the function of mitochondria and DNA in cancer cells with the use of biocompatible materials with tuneable physical properties. Accordingly, research is ongoing as to the use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in medicine. Zinc oxide semiconductor nanoparticles have displayed good anticancer behaviour. They have unique properties such as biocompatibility, good stability, and are environmentally friendly. Owing to these characteristics, they are focused on biological applications such as drug delivery and cancer therapy. In the present research work, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposites were successfully trailed for anti-cancer activity. Pure zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and their nanocomposites (TiO2+ZnO NPs) were prepared by the co-precipitation technique. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the Wurtzite structure of pure ZnO NPs. The morphology of the NPs was checked by scanning electron microscopy. For incident light having a higher energy band gap of nanomaterials, the electrons are excited to the conduction band and these electrons generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The efficacy of these nanomaterials was checked by exposing the NPs to the human liver cancer cell HepG2. The MTT assay describes anticancer activity via cell viability. The cell viability of composites was observed to be greater than pure ZnO NPs. Their results showed that the structure of ZnO NPs remains the same with composites of TiO2 NPs, but the band gap of the composite was intermediate for individual samples. It also showed that the anticancer activity of composites was also less than pure ZnO NPs which is due to the reduction of ROS generation. This is observed that nanocomposites of ZnO and TiO2 could be effective in the development of a treatment of human liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naeem Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hasnain Tariq
- Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed Buzdar
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Emina Karahmet Sher
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Norah Salem Alsaiari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Graham J Hickman
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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13
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Zhang F, Wang F, Li W, Liang L, Sang X. The toxicity mechanism of glabridin in prostate cancer cells is involved in reactive oxygen species-dependent PI3K/Akt pathway: Integrated utilization of bioinformatic analysis and in vitro test validation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2937-2946. [PMID: 36029289 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin is a prenylated isoflavonoid with considerable anticancer property. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have evolved as regulators of many cellular signaling pathways in prostate cancer (PC). However, the role of ROS signaling in the anticancer activity of glabridin has not been investigated. Here, we attempted to evaluate the effect of glabridin on PC and the involvement of ROS signaling. Intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) production in PC cell lines, DU-145 and LNCaP, were measured by H2DCFDA and MitoSOX Red staining, respectively. MTT assay was used to analyze the cellular viability. EdU staining assay was conducted to analyze the cell proliferation. To analyze apoptotic rate, TUNEL assay was performed. Caspase-3 activity was detected to reflect cell apoptosis. Western blot was carried out to detect the expression levels of Akt and p-Akt. We found that intracellular ROS and mitoROS levels were dose-dependently upregulated after glabridin treatment in both DU-145 and LNCaP cells, which was reversed by the treatment of ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glabridin inhibited the cell viability and reduced the number of EdU-positive DU-145 and LNCaP cells, which were respectively proved by MTT assay and EdU staining assay. Glabridin promoted cell death with increased apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity in DU-145 and LNCaP cells. The effects of glabridin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were reversed by NAC. Moreover, glabridin suppressed the ratio of p-Akt/Akt, while NAC mitigated the decreased p-Akt/Akt ratio. In addition, the effects of glabridin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also attenuated by Akt activator, SC79. Collectively, our results demonstrated that glabridin suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in PC cells via regulating ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings suggested that glabridin might hold a promising prospective as a therapeutic agent against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhang
- Food Department, Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Fufang Wang
- Research and Development Department, Henan Hongzhu Taizhijia Medical Service Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xicheng Sang
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Hongzhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
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14
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Gu H, Yi T, Lin P, Hu J. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we have reported the chemical composition of Equisetum arvense essential oil and the anti-cancer activity of the plant against the prostate cancer cell line. The essential oil was obtained using the hydro-distillation assay. The chemical composition was identified using the gas chromatographic methods including gas chromatography/flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil and extract was evaluated using classical methods. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was run to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the essential oil and extract on the prostate cancer cell line of lymph node carcinoma of the prostate. The induction apoptosis of the extract was analyzed by a flow cytometer. Thymol acetate (14.7%), trans-carveol (12.5%), thymol (11.8%), and δ-elemene (9.4%) were identified as the main compounds for the essential oil. The extract scavenged the free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15.2 ± 1.4 μg/mL for the plant extract. In the MTT assay, the IC50 of the extract and essential oil were 25.2 ± 0.3 and 218.9 ± 10.7 μg/mL after 72 h. The highest apoptosis was 31.6% for the plant extract. The obtained results of the present study revealed that E. arvense can be introduced as a potent agent to prevent the growth of prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Gu
- Department of Urology, Yichun People’s Hospital , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
| | - Ting Yi
- Public Health Department, Yichun City Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
| | - Pengxiu Lin
- Department of Urology, Yichun People’s Hospital , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Urology, Yichun People’s Hospital , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
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15
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Pharmacological Small Molecules against Prostate Cancer by Enhancing Function of Death Receptor 5. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081029. [PMID: 36015177 PMCID: PMC9413322 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) is a membrane protein that mediates exogenous apoptosis. Based on its function, it is considered to be a target for the treatment of cancers including prostate cancer. It is encouraging to note that a number of drugs targeting DR5 are now progressing to different stages of clinical trial studies. We collected 38 active compounds that could produce anti-prostate-cancer effects by modulating DR5, 28 of which were natural compounds and 10 of which were synthetic compounds. In addition, 6 clinically used chemotherapeutic agents have also been shown to promote DR5 expression and thus exert apoptosis-inducing effects in prostate cancer cells. These compounds promote the expression of DR5, thereby enhancing its function in inducing apoptosis. When these compounds were used in combination with the natural ligand of DR5, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased. These compounds are all promising for development as anti-prostate-cancer drugs, while most of these compounds are currently being evaluated for their anti-prostate-cancer effects at the cellular level and in animal studies. A great deal of more in-depth research is needed to evaluate whether they can be developed as drugs. We collected literature reports on small molecules against prostate cancer through modulation of DR5 to understand the current dynamics in this field and to evaluate the prospects of small molecules against prostate cancer through modulation of DR5.
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16
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Zhu X, Chen X, Wang G, Lei D, Chen X, Lin K, Li M, Lin H, Li D, Zheng Q. Picropodophyllin Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer DU145 and LNCaP Cells <i>via</i> ROS Production and PI3K/AKT Pathway Inhibition. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1027-1035. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Guoli Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Dan Lei
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Kehao Lin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
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17
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Gitogenin suppresses lung cancer progression by inducing apoptosis and autophagy initiation through the activation of AMPK signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:108806. [PMID: 35914447 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of tumor-associated death worldwide. Autophagy plays a key role in regulating lung cancer progression, and is a promising option for lung cancer treatment. Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution, and exert various biological properties, such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. In the present study, we for the first time explored the effects of gitogenin (GIT), an important saponin derived from Tribulus longipetalus, on lung cancer progression both in vitro and in vivo. We found that GIT markedly reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells through increasing the cleavage of Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). In addition, GIT-incubated lung cancer cells exhibited clear accumulation of autophagosome, which was essential for GIT-suppressed lung cancer. Mechanistically, GIT-induced autophagy initiation was mainly through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and blocking protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways, respectively. Moreover, the autophagic flux was disrupted in GIT-treated lung cancer cells, contributing to the accumulation of impaired autophagolysosomes. Importantly, we found that suppressing autophagy initiation could abolish GIT-induced cell death; however, autophagosomes accumulation sensitized lung cancer cells to cell death upon GIT treatment. More in vitro experiments showed that GIT led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lung cancer cells, which was also involved in the modulation of apoptosis. The in vivo findings confirmed the effects of GIT against lung cancer progression with undetectable toxicity to organs. In conclusion, we provided new insights into the treatment of lung cancer, and GIT might be an effective strategy for future clinical application.
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Emami MH, Sereshki N, Malakoutikhah Z, Dehkordi SAE, Fahim A, Mohammadzadeh S, Maghool F. Nrf2 signaling pathway in trace metal carcinogenesis: A cross-talk between oxidative stress and angiogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109266. [PMID: 35031482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large number of people worldwide are affected by chronic metal exposure, which is known to be associated with different type of malignancies. The mechanisms of metal carcinogenicity are complex in nature, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by chronic metal exposure, among the other factors, has been proposed as one of the major mechanisms involved in that process. In tumor cells, ROS buildup may lead to cell death through intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways. Furthermore, ROS-mediated redox signaling has a crucial role in angiogenesis, which is recognized as an essential step in tumor progression. There are several redox-modulating pathways and among them, the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor2 (Nrf2), as a sensor of oxidative or electrophilic stress, has introduced as a master regulator of cellular response against environmental stresses. Activation of Nrf2 signaling induces expression of wide variety of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes genes. Thus, this transcription factor has recently received much attention as a target for cancer chemoprevention. But meanwhile, constitutive Nrf2 activation in cancerous cells may promote cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy. The current review describes the major underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of trace metals: copper, silver, and cadmium, with a special focus on the Nrf2 signaling pathway as a crossroad between oxidative stress and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Emami
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sereshki
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Malakoutikhah
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Fahim
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samane Mohammadzadeh
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Maghool
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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19
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Wang CX, Chen LH, Zhuang HB, Shi ZS, Chen ZC, Pan JP, Hong ZS. Auriculasin enhances ROS generation to regulate colorectal cancer cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, oxeiptosis, invasion and colony formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 587:99-106. [PMID: 34872005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system, and Chinese herbal medicine plays an important role in tumor treatment. The in-depth study of auriculasin isolated from Flemingia philippinensis showed that auriculasin promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a concentration-dependent manner; when ROS scavenger NAC was added, the effects of auriculasin in promoting ROS generation and inhibiting cell viability were blocked. Auriculasin induced CRC cell apoptosis, led to mitochondrial shrinkage, and increased the intracellular accumulation of Fe2+ and MDA. When auriculasin and NAC were added simultaneously, the levels of apoptosis, Fe2+ and MDA returned to the control group levels, indicating that auriculasin activated apoptosis and ferroptosis by inducing ROS generation. In addition, auriculasin promoted the expression of Keap1 and AIFM1, but significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of AIFM1, while NAC significantly blocked the regulation of Keap1 and AIFM1 by auriculasin, which indicates that auriculasin can also induce oxeiptosis through ROS. When Z-VAD-FMK, Ferrostatin-1, Keap1 siRNA, PGAM5 siRNA and AIFM1 siRNA were added respectively, the inhibitory effect of auriculasin on cell viability was significantly weakened, indicating that auriculasin inhibits cell viability by inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis and oxeiptosis. Auriculasin also inhibited the invasion and clone forming ability of CRC cells, while NAC blocked the above effects of auriculasin. Therefore, auriculasin can promote CRC cell apoptosis, ferroptosis and oxeiptosis by inducing ROS generation, thereby inhibiting cell viability, invasion and clone formation, indicating that auriculasin has a significant antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Ze-Sheng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Zhi Chuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Jian-Peng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Zhong-Shi Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
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20
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Lee CM, Kang MA, Bae JS, Park K, Yang YH, Lee J, Jang KY, Park SH. An in vitro study on anti-carcinogenic effect of remdesivir in human ovarian cancer cells via generation of reactive oxygen species. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221089257. [PMID: 35417658 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221089257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remdesivir is an anti-viral drug that inhibits RNA polymerase. In 2020, remdesivir was recognized as the most promising therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects of remdesivir on cancers have hardly been studied. PURPOSE Here, we reported that the anti-carcinogenic effect of remdesivir on SKOV3 cells, one of human ovarian cancer cell lines. RESEARCH DESIGN We anlalyzed the anti-carcarcinogenic effect of remdesivir in SKOV3 cells by performing in vitro cell assay and western blotting. RESULTS WST-1 showed that remdesivir decreased cell viability in SKOV3 cells. Experiments conducted by Muse Cell Analyzer showed that remdesivir-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, we observed that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased after treatment of remdesivir in SKOV3 cells. Interestingly, cytotoxicity of remdesivir decreased after treatment of N-Acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrated that remdesivir has an anti-carcinogenic effect on SKOV3 cells vis up-regulation of reactive oxygen species, which suggests that remdesivir could be a promising reagent for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | | | - Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, 35030Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, 34965Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, 65666Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, 90158Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
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21
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Nelson VK, Pullaiah CP, Saleem Ts M, Roychoudhury S, Chinnappan S, Vishnusai B, Ram Mani R, Birudala G, Bottu KS. Natural Products as the Modulators of Oxidative Stress: An Herbal Approach in the Management of Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:161-179. [PMID: 36472822 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and frequently occurred cancer in the males globally. The current treatment strategies available to treat prostate cancer are not much effective and express various adverse effects. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify novel treatment that can improve patient outcome. From times immemorial, natural products are highly recognized for novel drug development for various diseases including cancer. Cancer cells generally maintain higher basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to normal cells due to its high metabolic rate. However, initiation of excess intracellular ROS production can not be tolerated by the cancer cells and induce several cell death signals which are in contrast to normal cells. Therefore, small molecules of natural origin that induce ROS can potentially kill cancer cells in specific and provide a better opportunity to develop a novel drug therapy. In this review, we elaborated various classes of medicinal compounds and their mechanism of killing prostate cancer cells through direct or indirect ROS generation. This can generate a novel thought to develop promising drug candidate to treat prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Autonomous), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Chitikela P Pullaiah
- Department of Pharmacology, Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Saleem Ts
- College of Pharmacy, Riyadh ELM University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
| | | | - Sasikala Chinnappan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Beere Vishnusai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Ravishankar Ram Mani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geetha Birudala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Kavya Sree Bottu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Fofana S, Ouédraogo M, Esposito RC, Ouedraogo WP, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Mathieu V, Guissou IP. Systematic Review of Potential Anticancerous Activities of Erythrina senegalensis DC (Fabaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010019. [PMID: 35009024 PMCID: PMC8747466 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the substances isolated from the African medicinal plant Erythrina senegalensis, focusing on compounds harboring activities against cancer models detailed in depth herein at both in vitro and in vivo preclinical levels. The review was conducted through Pubmed and Google Scholar. Nineteen out of the forty-two secondary metabolites isolated to date from E. senegalensis displayed interesting in vitro and/or in vivo antitumor activities. They belonged to alkaloid (Erysodine), triterpenes (Erythrodiol, maniladiol, oleanolic acid), prenylated isoflavonoids (senegalensin, erysenegalensein E, erysenegalensein M, alpinumisoflavone, derrone, warangalone), flavonoids (erythrisenegalone, senegalensein, lupinifolin, carpachromene) and pterocarpans (erybraedine A, erybraedine C, phaseollin). Among the isoflavonoids called "erysenegalensein", only erysenealenseins E and M have been tested for their anticancerous properties and turned out to be cytotoxic. Although the stem bark is the most frequently used part of the plant, all pterocarpans were isolated from roots and all alkaloids from seeds. The mechanisms of action of its metabolites include apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and mitophagy via the modulation of cytoplasmic proteins, miRNA and enzymes involved in critical pathways deregulated in cancer. Alpinumisoflavone and oleanolic acid were studied in a broad spectrum of cancer models both in vitro and in preclinical models in vivo with promising results. Other metabolites, including carpachromen, phaseollin, erybraedin A, erysenegalensein M and maniladiol need to be further investigated, as they display potent in vitro effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane Fofana
- Laboratory of Drug Science, Higher Institute of Health Sciences (INSSA), Nazi BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso P.O. Box 1091, Burkina Faso;
| | - Moussa Ouédraogo
- Laboratory of Drug Development (LADME), Training and Research Unit, Health Sciences, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7021, Burkina Faso; (M.O.); (W.P.O.)
| | - Rafaèle Calvo Esposito
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of General Chemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Windbedema Prisca Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Drug Development (LADME), Training and Research Unit, Health Sciences, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7021, Burkina Faso; (M.O.); (W.P.O.)
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite’ Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite’ Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (I.P.G.); Tel.: +32-478-31-73-88 (V.M.)
| | - Innocent Pierre Guissou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Saint Thomas d’Aquin University, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 10212, Burkina Faso
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (I.P.G.); Tel.: +32-478-31-73-88 (V.M.)
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23
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Canonico B, Cangiotti M, Montanari M, Papa S, Fusi V, Giorgi L, Ciacci C, Ottaviani MF, Staneva D, Grabchev I. Characterization of a fluorescent 1,8-naphthalimide-functionalized PAMAM dendrimer and its Cu(ii) complexes as cytotoxic drugs: EPR and biological studies in myeloid tumor cells. Biol Chem 2021; 403:345-360. [PMID: 34883001 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The activity and interacting ability of a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer modified with 4-N-methylpiperazine-1,8-naphthalimide units (termed D) and complexed by Cu(ii) ions, towards healthy and cancer cells were studied. Comparative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of the Cu(ii)-D complex are presented: coordination mode, chemical structure, flexibility and stability of these complexes, in the absence and presence of myeloid cancer cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The interactions of Cu(ii) ions in the biological media at different equilibrium times were studied, highlighting different stability and interacting conditions with the cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry and confocal analysis, trace the peculiar properties of the dendrimers in PBMC and U937 cells. Indeed, a new probe (Fly) was used as a potential fluorescent tool for biological imaging of Cu(ii). The study highlights that dendrimer and, mainly, the Cu(ii) metallodendrimer are cytotoxic agents for the cells, specifically for U937 tumor cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS increase and lysosome involvement. The metallodendrimer shows antitumor selectivity, fewer affecting healthy PBMC, inducing a massive apoptotic cell death on U937 cells, in line with the high stability of this complex, as verified by EPR studies. The results underline the potentiality of this metallodendrimer to be used as anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Vieri Fusi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Giorgi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Desislava Staneva
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, BG-1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivo Grabchev
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Medicine, BG-1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
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24
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The adverse effects of hypoxia on hiHep functions via HIF-1α/PGC-1α axis are alleviated by PFDC emulsion. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Ezhilarasan D, Ali D, Varghese R. Sesamol induces cytotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptosis in SCC-25 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S423-S433. [PMID: 34586880 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211047926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sesamol is the main constituent of sesame seed oil and is obtained from Sesamum indicum. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms affecting the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic potentials of sesamol on human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells. Human oral squamous carcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations (62.5, 125, and 250 μM/mL) of sesamol for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by 3- (4, 5- dimethylthiazol -2- yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was investigated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay. Apoptosis-related morphology was analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Caspase-9 expression was analyzed by confocal microscopic double immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers are analyzed using qPCR. Sesamol treatment caused a significant cytotoxic effect in OSCC cells. Sesamol-induced cytotoxic effect was associated with intracellular ROS generation. Sesamol treatments induced a significant increase in the early and late apoptotic cells. This treatment also induced caspase-9 expression in OSCC cells. Sesamol treatments caused downregulation of Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) expression at protein and gene levels. Sesamol treatment modulates intrinsic apoptotic marker gene expression in OSCC cells. Overall results confirm the anti-cancer potential of sesamol and it seems to be a promising candidate for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 194347Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - D Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Varghese
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, 37442University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Bai B, Chen Q, Jing R, He X, Wang H, Ban Y, Ye Q, Xu W, Zheng C. Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738235. [PMID: 34630112 PMCID: PMC8495205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in males. It involves a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways that closely related to the survival, apoptosis, metabolic and metastatic characteristics of aggressive cancer. Prostate cancer can be categorized into androgen dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer and cure remains elusive due to the developed resistance of the disease. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary resource of structural scaffolds with high diversity that can offer promising chemical agents for making prostate cancer less devastating and curable. Herein, those natural compounds of different origins and structures with potential cytotoxicity and/or in vivo anti-tumor activities against prostate cancer are critically reviewed and summarized according to the cellular signaling pathways they interfere. Moreover, the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of many nutrients, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese medical formulations were presented, and the future prospects for the application of these compounds and extracts were discussed. Although the failure of conventional chemotherapy as well as involved serious side effects makes natural products ideal candidates for the treatment of prostate cancer, more investigations of preclinical and even clinical studies are necessary to make use of these medical substances reasonably. Therefore, the elucidation of structure-activity relationship and precise mechanism of action, identification of novel potential molecular targets, and optimization of drug combination are essential in natural medicine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Anjum S, Hashim M, Malik SA, Khan M, Lorenzo JM, Abbasi BH, Hano C. Recent Advances in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for Cancer Diagnosis, Target Drug Delivery, and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4570. [PMID: 34572797 PMCID: PMC8468934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is regarded as one of the most deadly and mirthless diseases and it develops due to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. To date, varieties of traditional medications and chemotherapies have been utilized to fight tumors. However, their immense drawbacks, such as reduced bioavailability, insufficient supply, and significant adverse effects, make their use limited. Nanotechnology has evolved rapidly in recent years and offers a wide spectrum of applications in the healthcare sectors. Nanoscale materials offer strong potential for curing cancer as they pose low risk and fewer complications. Several metal oxide NPs are being developed to diagnose or treat malignancies, but zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have remarkably demonstrated their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of various types of cancers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique physico-chemical attributes. ZnO NPs showed cancer cell specific toxicity via generation of reactive oxygen species and destruction of mitochondrial membrane potential, which leads to the activation of caspase cascades followed by apoptosis of cancerous cells. ZnO NPs have also been used as an effective carrier for targeted and sustained delivery of various plant bioactive and chemotherapeutic anticancerous drugs into tumor cells. In this review, at first we have discussed the role of ZnO NPs in diagnosis and bio-imaging of cancer cells. Secondly, we have extensively reviewed the capability of ZnO NPs as carriers of anticancerous drugs for targeted drug delivery into tumor cells, with a special focus on surface functionalization, drug-loading mechanism, and stimuli-responsive controlled release of drugs. Finally, we have critically discussed the anticancerous activity of ZnO NPs on different types of cancers along with their mode of actions. Furthermore, this review also highlights the limitations and future prospects of ZnO NPs in cancer theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariam Hashim
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Sara Asad Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Maha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avenida de Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Eure & Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France;
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28
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Britannin, a sesquiterpene lactone induces ROS-dependent apoptosis in NALM-6, REH, and JURKAT cell lines and produces a synergistic effect with vincristine. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6249-6258. [PMID: 34478011 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Britannin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone isolated from Inula aucheriana, has recently gained attraction in the therapeutic fields due to its anti-tumor properties. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of this agent on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cell lines, either as a monotherapy or in combination with Vincristine (VCR). METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the anti-leukemic effects of Britannin on ALL-derived cell lines and suggest a mechanism of action for the agent, we used MTT assay, Annexin-V/PI staining, ROS assay, and real-time PCR analysis. Moreover, by using a combination index (CI), we evaluated the synergistic effect of Britannin on Vincristine. We found that unlike normal Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and L929 cells, Britannin reduced the viability of NALM-6, REH, and JURKAT cells. Among tested cells, NALM-6 cells had the highest sensitivity to Britannin, and this agent was able to induce p21/p27-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest and Reactive Oxygen Specious (ROS)-mediated apoptotic cell death in this cell line. When NALM-6 cells were treated with Nacetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of ROS, Britannin could induce neither apoptosis nor reduce the survival of the cells suggesting that the cytotoxic effect of Britannin is induced through ROS-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that a low dose of Britannin enhanced the effect of Vincristine in NALM-6 cells by inducing apoptotic cell death via altering the expression of apoptotic-related genes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results proposed a mechanism for the cytotoxic effect of Britannin, either as a single agent or in combination with Vincristine, in NALM-6 cells.
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Yang M, Zhang W, Yu X, Wang F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y. Helenalin Facilitates Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest by Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase-1 in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930083. [PMID: 34125740 PMCID: PMC8212699 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helenalin is a pseudoguaianolide natural product with anti-cancer activities. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of the anti-prostate cancer effects of helenalin in vitro. Material/Methods CCK-8 assay was performed to detect the optimal concentrations of helenalin in DU145 and PC-3 cells. After exposure to helenalin and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, ROS production was assessed by DCFH-DA staining. Thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) expression was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. Moreover, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Following TrxR1 knockdown or overexpression, TrxR1 expression, ROS generation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion were examined in cells co-treated with helenalin. Results Helenalin distinctly repressed the viability of prostate cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We chose 8 μM and 4 μM as the optimal concentrations of helenalin for DU145 and PC-3 cells, respectively. Helenalin treatment markedly triggered ROS production and lowered TrxR1 expression, which was ameliorated by ROS inhibitor. Exposure to helenalin facilitated apoptosis as well as G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was reversed by ROS inhibitor. Helenalin relieved the inhibitory effect of TrxR1 on ROS production. Furthermore, helenalin ameliorated the decrease in apoptosis rate and the shortening of G0/G1 phase as well as the increase in migration and invasion induced by TrxR1 overexpression. Conclusions Our findings revealed that helenalin accelerated ROS-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via targeting TrxR1 in human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuxiu Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yeping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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30
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Radiosensitization potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and the long non-coding RNAs in response to 60Coγ radiation in mouse hepatoma cells. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Vostrikova SM, Grinev AB, Gogvadze VG. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Carcinogenesis and Tumor Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1254-1266. [PMID: 33202210 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Strictly regulated balance between the formation and utilization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the basis of normal functioning of organisms. ROS play an important role in the regulation of many metabolic processes; however, excessive content of ROS leads to the development of various disorders, including oncological diseases, as a result of ROS-induced mutations in DNA. In tumors, high levels of oxygen radicals promote cell proliferation and metastasis. On the other hand, high content of ROS can trigger cell death, a phenomenon used in the antitumor therapy. Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants, as well as antioxidant enzyme systems, can inhibit ROS generation; however, they should be used with caution. Antioxidants can suppress ROS-dependent cell proliferation and metastasis, but at the same time, they may inhibit the death of tumor cells if the antitumor therapeutic agents stimulate oxidative stress. The data on the role of antioxidants in the death of tumor cells and on the effects of antioxidants taken as dietary supplements during antitumor therapy, are contradictory. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which antioxidants can affect tumor and healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vostrikova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.,I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A B Grinev
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V G Gogvadze
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia. .,Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
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32
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Sun B, Liu Y, He D, Li J, Wang J, Wen W, Hong M. Traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:190-203. [PMID: 33719224 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly developing resistance of cancers to chemotherapy agents and the severe cytotoxicity of such agents to normal cells are major stumbling blocks in current cancer treatments. Most current chemotherapy agents have significant cytotoxicity, which leads to devastating adverse effects and results in a substandard quality of life, including increased daily morbidity and premature mortality. The death receptor of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can sidestep p53-dependent pathways to induce tumor cell apoptosis without damaging most normal cells. However, various cancer cells can develop resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via different pathways. Therefore, it is critical to find an efficient TRAIL sensitizer to reverse the resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL, and to reinforce TRAIL's ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients have shown great potential to trigger apoptotic cell death in TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines. This review aims to collate information about Chinese medicines that can effectively reverse the resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL and enhance TRAIL's ability to induce apoptosis. We explore the therapeutic potential of TRAIL and provide new ideas for the development of TRAIL therapy and the generation of new anti-cancer drugs for human cancer treatment. This study involved an extensive review of studies obtained from literature searches of electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. "TRAIL sensitize" and "Chinese medicine" were the search keywords. We then isolated newly published studies on the mechanisms of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The name of each plant was validated using certified databases such as The Plant List. This study indicates that TRAIL can be combined with different Chinese medicine components through intrinsic or extrinsic pathways to promote cancer cell apoptosis. It also demonstrates that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. This provides useful information regarding traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the development of TRAIL-based therapies, and the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Sun
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Danhua He
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinke Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66105, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Wulin Wen
- ENT & HN Surgery Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China.
| | - Ming Hong
- Institute of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangzhou University & Zhongshan People's Hospital Joint Biomedical Institute, Zhongshan 528400, China. .,Dongguan & Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China.
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Aranha ESP, Portilho AJDS, Bentes de Sousa L, da Silva EL, Mesquita FP, Rocha WC, Araújo da Silva FM, Lima ES, Alves APNN, Koolen HHF, Montenegro RC, Vasconcellos MCD. 22β-hydroxytingenone induces apoptosis and suppresses invasiveness of melanoma cells by inhibiting MMP-9 activity and MAPK signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113605. [PMID: 33232779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 22β-hydroxytingenone (22-HTG) is a quinonemethide triterpene isolated from Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A. C. Smith (family Celastraceae), which has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including dengue, renal infections, rheumatism and cancer. However, the anticancer effects of 22-HTG and the underlying molecular mechanisms in melanoma cells have not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated apoptosis induction and antimetastatic potencial of 22-HTG in SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of 22-HTG in cultured cancer cells was evaluated. Then, cell viability was determined using the trypan blue assay in melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28), which was followed by cell cycle, annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assays (Annexin/PI), as well as assays to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/BE) staining was also performed. RT-qPCR was carried out to evaluate the expression of BRAF, NRAS, and KRAS genes. The anti-invasiveness potential of 22-HTG was evaluated in a three-dimensional (3D) model of reconstructed human skin. RESULTS 22-HTG reduced viability of SK-MEL-28 cells and caused morphological changes, as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. Furthermore, 22-HTG caused apoptosis, which was demonstrated by increased staining with AO/BE and Annexin/PI. The apoptosis may have been caused by mitochondrial instability without the involvement of ROS production. The expression of BRAF, NRAS, and KRAS, which are important biomarkers in melanoma development, was reduced by the 22-HTG treatment. In the reconstructed skin model, 22-HTG was able to decrease the invasion capacity of melanoma cells in the dermis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that 22-HTG has anti-tumorigenic properties against melanoma cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of invasiveness potential, as observed in the 3D model. As such, the results provide new insights for future work on the utilization of 22-HTG in malignant melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenn Suzany Pereira Aranha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Amazon (Bionorte), Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Leilane Bentes de Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Pantoja Mesquita
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil.
| | - Waldireny C Rocha
- Health and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari, Amazonas, 69460-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil.
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Wen L, Zhou T, Jiang Y, Chang SK, Yang B. Prenylated flavonoids in foods and their applications on cancer prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5067-5080. [PMID: 33543993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1881437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods play an important role in health care and chronic diseases prevention, particularly cancer. Prenylated flavonoids are presented in many food resources. They are recognized as neutraceuticals due to their diverse health benefits. Up to now, more than 1000 prenylated flavonoids have been identified in plants. Their food resources are reviewed in this paper. Due to the good safety and cancer prevention effect of prenylated flavonoids, this paper reviews the cancer prevention activities and mechanisms reported in last decade. The structure-activity relationship is discussed. Due to the limited availability in nature, the heterologously biosynthetic technique of prenylated flavonoids is discussed in this review. Inclusion of dietary prenylated flavonoids into human diet is highly desirable. This paper combines the up-to-date information and give a clear image regarding prenylated flavonoids as neutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Wen
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Horticulture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Horticulture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Horticulture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang Y, Fang Z, Leonard W, Zhang P. Phenolic compounds in Lycium berry: Composition, health benefits and industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Zhang H, Liu S, Cai Z, Dong W, Ye J, Cai Z, Han Z, Liang Y, Zhuo Y, Luo Y, Zhu X, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Liu R, Feng Y, Lai J, Zhou R, Tan H, Zhong W. Down-regulation of ACACA suppresses the malignant progression of Prostate Cancer through inhibiting mitochondrial potential. J Cancer 2021; 12:232-243. [PMID: 33391420 PMCID: PMC7738814 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Silencing the expression of ACACA inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. However, the role of ACACA in other prostate cancer cells is not fully understood. Also, the effect of knocking down ACACA gene on mitochondria remains unclear. This study aimed to discover the specific role of ACACA gene in prostate cancer (PCa) DU145 and PC3 cells as well as its effects on mitochondrial potential. Methods: The expression of ACACA gene was detected in human prostate cancer tissue microarrays and assessed in different clinical stages. Then, prostate cancer cell lines with low expression of ACACA were constructed to evaluate the changes in their cell cycle, proliferation, and metabolites. The effect of ACACA on tumor formation in vivo was analyzed. Also, mito-ATP production, mitochondrial staining, and mtDNA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected. Results: ACACA was expressed more strongly in prostate cancer tissues. The expression level of ACACA was higher in patients with advanced PCa than in patients with lower grades. The proliferation ability reduced in ACACA-knockdown cells. In in vivo tests, the tumor volume and weight were lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Mito-ATP production decreased significantly after ACACA suppression, mtDNA levels and MitoTracker staining decreased in the experimental group. The ratio of NAD+/NADH and ROS levels were upregulated in the experimental group. Conclusion: Targeting ACACA gene and mitochondria might serve as a novel therapy for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Shaoyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhouda Cai
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Weimin Dong
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Jianheng Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhaodong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Xuejin Zhu
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510230, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yixun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510230, China
| | - Jiarun Lai
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510230, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Huijing Tan
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China.,Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510230, China.,Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510800, China
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Wang Q, Guan X, Lai C, Gao H, Zheng Y, Huang J, Lin B. Selenium enrichment improves anti-proliferative effect of oolong tea extract on human hepatoma HuH-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111873. [PMID: 33248145 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-enriched tea is attracting increasing interests due to its significantly improved health benefits. This study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of Se-enriched oolong tea against human hepatoma HuH-7 cells. Compared with regular oolong tea extract (TE, 0.04 μg selenium/g), Se-enriched oolong tea extract (Se-TE, 0.51 μg selenium/g) exhibited more prominent anti-proliferative effect against HuH-7 cells with an IC50 of 203.1 μg/mL, mainly due to the synergistic effects of organic selenium and tea polyphenols. Our results found that Se-TE increased intracellular ROS production, arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and thus induced cell apoptosis. In addition, western blotting assay revealed the increased expressions of the p53, Bax, caspase 3, and a reduction of Bcl-2 and CDK2, resulting in Se-TE-induced apoptosis. The improved anti-proliferative effect makes Se-enriched oolong tea extract a promising health-promoting ingredient in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xuefang Guan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Chengchun Lai
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Huiying Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Yafeng Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Juqing Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, China.
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1269624. [PMID: 33062666 PMCID: PMC7538255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1269624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), known as a heterogenous disease, has a high incidence and mortality rate around the world and seriously threatens public health. As an inevitable by-product of cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit beneficial effects by regulating signaling cascades and homeostasis. More and more evidence highlights that PCa is closely associated with age, and high levels of ROS are driven through activation of several signaling pathways with age, which facilitate the initiation, development, and progression of PCa. Nevertheless, excessive amounts of ROS result in harmful effects, such as genotoxicity and cell death. On the other hand, PCa cells adaptively upregulate antioxidant genes to detoxify from ROS, suggesting that a subtle balance of intracellular ROS levels is required for cancer cell functions. The current review discusses the generation and biological roles of ROS in PCa and provides new strategies based on the regulation of ROS for the treatment of PCa.
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RP11-462C24.1 suppresses proliferation and invasion of colorectal carcinoma cells by regulating HSP70 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Hum Cell 2020; 34:132-151. [PMID: 32946066 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death around the world. In this study, we investigated the roles of LncRNA RP11-462C24.1 in CRC. The expressions of RP11-462C24.1 in CRC tissues and cells were measured. Then, the effects of RP11-462C24.1 on CRC proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro; Last, the underlying mechanisms of concerning the signaling pathway regulated by RP11-462C24.1 was determined. From the results, we found that RP11-462C24.1 was significantly decreased in CRC tumor tissues and the CRC cell lines, which were most significant in SW480 and HT-29 cell lines; moreover, transient overexpression of RP11-462C24.1 suppressed the growth and migration while promoted apoptosis of SW480 and HT-29 cells, while knockdown of RP11-462C24.1 has shown the opposite effects; RP11-462C24.1 may also inhibit the growth of CRC tumors in xenograft mice models; additionally, 70 kD heat shock proteins (HSP70) has been identified as one of the most significantly deferentially expressed genes by RNA-seq, and we further confirmed that RP11-462C24.1 may affect the growth and metathesis of CRC cells via regulating HSP70 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, these results indicated that RP11-462C24 may function as a tumor suppressor in the development of CRC.
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Kim JY, Wang Y, Li ZP, Baiseitova A, Ban YJ, Park KH. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition and Anti-LDL Oxidation by Prenylated Isoflavones from Flemingia philippinensis Root. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133074. [PMID: 32640700 PMCID: PMC7411605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase is a frontier enzyme to produce oxidants, which leads to inflammation in the blood. Prenylated isoflavones from Flemingia philippinensis were found to display potent inhibition against xanthine oxidase (XO). All isolates (1–9) inhibited XO enzyme with IC50 ranging 7.8~36.4 μM. The most active isoflavones (2–5, IC50 = 7.8~14.8 μM) have the structural feature of a catechol motif in B-ring. Inhibitory behaviors were disclosed as a mixed type I mode of inhibition with KI < KIS. Binding affinities to XO enzyme were evaluated. Fluorescence quenching effects agreed with inhibitory potencies (IC50s). The compounds (2–5) also showed potent anti-LDL oxidation effects in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay, the lag time of conjugated diene formation, relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), and fragmentation of apoB-100 on copper-mediated LDL oxidation. The compound 4 protected LDL oxidation with 0.7 μM in TBARS assay, which was 40-fold more active than genistein (IC50 = 30.4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Z.P.L.); (A.B.); (Y.J.B.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Zuo Peng Li
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Z.P.L.); (A.B.); (Y.J.B.)
| | - Aizhamal Baiseitova
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Z.P.L.); (A.B.); (Y.J.B.)
| | - Yeong Jun Ban
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Z.P.L.); (A.B.); (Y.J.B.)
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Z.P.L.); (A.B.); (Y.J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1965; Fax: +82-55-772-1969
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Gan QX, Wang J, Hu J, Lou GH, Xiong HJ, Peng CY, Huang QW. Modulation of Apoptosis by Plant Polysaccharides for Exerting Anti-Cancer Effects: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:792. [PMID: 32536869 PMCID: PMC7267062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a significant public health problem with high disease burden and mortality. At present, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main means of treating cancer, but they have shown serious safety problems. The severity of this problem has caused further attention and research on effective and safe cancer treatment methods. Polysaccharides are natural products with anti-cancer activity that are widely present in a lot of plants, and many studies have found that inducing apoptosis of cancer cells is one of their important mechanisms. Therefore, this article reviews the various ways in which plant polysaccharides promote apoptosis of cancer cells. The major apoptotic pathways involved include the mitochondrial pathway, the death receptor pathway, and their upstream signal transduction such as MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, and NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the paper has also been focused on the absorption and toxicity of plant polysaccharides with reference to extant literature, making the research more scientific and comprehensive. It is hoped that this review could provide some directions for the future development of plant polysaccharides as anticancer drugs in pharmacological experiments and clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-Hua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Redox cycling of copper by coumarin-di(2-picolyl)amine hybrid molecule leads to ROS-mediated modulation of redox scavengers, DNA damage and cell death in diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103818. [PMID: 32276135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new strategy for cancer treatment that targets chemical entities specific to cancer cells than normal ones. One of the features associated with malignancy is the elevated copper which plays an integral role in angiogenesis. Work is in progress in our lab to identify new copper chelators to target elevated copper under targeted therapy for the killing of cancer cells. Recently, a coumarin-based copper chelator, di(2-picolyl)amine-3(bromoacetyl)coumarin hybrid molecule (ligand-L) has been synthesized by us, and also studied its copper-dependent macromolecular damage response in copper overloaded lymphocytes. The present study investigates the anticancer activity of ligand-L and its mode of action in rat model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been found that liver tissue has a marked increase in copper levels in DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ex vivo results showed that ligand-L inhibited cell viability, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activation in isolated hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). All these effects induced by ligand-L were abrogated by neocuproine and N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavenger). Further, ligand-L treatment of animals bearing hepatocellular carcinoma results in an increment in the cellular redox scavengers, lipid peroxidation and DNA breakage in malignant hepatocytes. In vivo studies using ligand-L also showed that ligand-L possesses anticancer properties as evidenced by improvement in liver marker enzymes and liver surface morphology, and reduced alpha-fetoprotein in the treated group compared to untreated cancer-induced group. Overall, this study suggests that copper-ligand-L interaction leads to ROS generation which caused DNA damage and apoptosis in malignant cells. This study provides enough support to establish ligand-L as a clinically relevant lead molecule for the treatment of different malignancies.
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Yang H, Liu BF, Xie FJ, Yang WL, Cao N. Luteolin induces mitochondrial apoptosis in HT29 cells by inhibiting the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2179-2187. [PMID: 32104282 PMCID: PMC7027334 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate luteolin-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying it in HT29 cells. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of luteolin on HT29 cells, and a dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay was used to measure cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effects of luteolin on the mitochondrial membrane potential were also evaluated. Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was performed to assess changes in cytochrome c and caspase-3 protein expression. Localization of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the nucleus was also assessed using immunofluorescence. Luteolin exhibited cytotoxicity on HT29 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, ROS production was indicated to be increased and ROS scavenging was decreased, which resulted in a significant increase in the levels of ROS in the cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential was indicated to decrease following luteolin treatment. At the molecular level, luteolin significantly increased the mRNA expression of Bax and the protein expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3, p47phox and p22phox. The results revealed that luteolin decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and inhibited the nuclear localization of Nrf2. In conclusion, the current study indicated that luteolin inhibited HT29 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Fang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Jia Xie
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R China
| | - Wei-Lin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Nong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Wang SW, Lee CH, Lin MS, Chi CW, Chen YJ, Wang GS, Liao KW, Chiu LP, Wu SH, Huang DM, Chen L, Shen YS. ZnO Nanoparticles Induced Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and p70S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051612. [PMID: 32111101 PMCID: PMC7084801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, food additives, pigments, rubber manufacture, and electronic materials. Several studies have shown that ZnO-NPs inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis by the production of oxidative stress in a variety of human cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer property and molecular mechanism of ZnO-NPs in human gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) are not fully understood. In this study, we found that ZnO-NPs induced growth inhibition of GSCC (Ca9-22 and OECM-1 cells), but no damage in human normal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1 cells). ZnO-NPs caused apoptotic cell death of GSCC in a concentration-dependent manner by the quantitative assessment of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle progression revealed that sub-G1 phase accumulation was dramatically induced by ZnO-NPs. In addition, ZnO-NPs increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species and specifically superoxide levels, and also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. ZnO-NPs further activated apoptotic cell death via the caspase cascades. Importantly, anti-oxidant and caspase inhibitor clearly prevented ZnO-NP-induced cell death, indicating the fact that superoxide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the ZnO-NP-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in human GSCC. Moreover, ZnO-NPs significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K kinase). In a corollary in vivo study, our results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs possessed an anti-cancer effect in a zebrafish xenograft model. Collectively, these results suggest that ZnO-NPs induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial oxidative damage and p70S6K signaling pathway in human GSCC. The present study may provide an experimental basis for ZnO-NPs to be considered as a promising novel anti-tumor agent for the treatment of gingival cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Lin
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shou Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (G.-S.W.); (K.-W.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (G.-S.W.); (K.-W.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pin Chiu
- General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Division of General Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan;
| | - Dong-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (D.-M.H.); (L.C.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 38105) (D.-M.H.); +886-2-2621-5656 (ext. 2682) (L.C.); +886-2-2636-0303 (ext. 1422) (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Luke Chen
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (D.-M.H.); (L.C.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 38105) (D.-M.H.); +886-2-2621-5656 (ext. 2682) (L.C.); +886-2-2636-0303 (ext. 1422) (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Yung-Shuen Shen
- Institute of Geriatric Welfare Technology and Science, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.-M.H.); (L.C.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 38105) (D.-M.H.); +886-2-2621-5656 (ext. 2682) (L.C.); +886-2-2636-0303 (ext. 1422) (Y.-S.S.)
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Won YS, Seo KI. Sanggenol L Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via Activation of p53 and Suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020488. [PMID: 32075054 PMCID: PMC7071324 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Western countries. Recently, Asian countries are being affected by Western habits, which have had an important role in the rapid increase in cancer incidence. Sanggenol L (San L) is a natural flavonoid present in the root barks of Morus alba, which induces anti-cancer activities in ovarian cancer cells. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effects of sanggenol L on human prostate cancer cells have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether sanggenol L exerts anti-cancer activity in human prostate cancer cells via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Sanggenol L induced caspase-dependent apoptosis (up-regulation of PARP and Bax or down-regulation of procaspase-3, -8, -9, Bid, and Bcl-2), induction of caspase-independent apoptosis (up-regulation of AIF and Endo G on cytosol), suppression of cell cycle (down-regulation of CDK1/2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, and cyclin B1 or up-regulation of p53 and p21), and inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling (down-regulation of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR) in prostate cancer cells. These results suggest the induction of apoptosis via suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and cell cycle arrest via activation of p53 in response to sanggenol L in prostate cancer cells.
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Protective effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide on acrolein-induced macrophage injury via autophagy-dependent apoptosis pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Liu Y, Lei H, Ma J, Deng H, He P, Dong W. α-Hederin Increases The Apoptosis Of Cisplatin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells By Activating Mitochondrial Pathway In Vivo And Vitro. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8737-8750. [PMID: 31695431 PMCID: PMC6815764 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer remains an important cancer worldwide, and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have the defects of drug resistance and cell toxicity. α-Hederin has been found to have certain therapeutic effects on various types of human cancers. However, studies on the α-hederin that exert biological activities on the cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells are limited. In this study, we evaluated the effects of α-hederin in HGC27/DDP and the potential mechanisms both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS HGC27/DDP cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed quantitatively using Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell invasion and migration were detected by Transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by employing Hoechst 33258 Staining Kit and an Annexin V-PE apoptosis kit. Intracellular GSH levels were examined by using a GSH Assay Kit. DCFH-DA and JC-1 Kit were used to detect levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm). The protein levels of Apaf-1, AIF, Bax, Bcl-2, Cyt C, Survivin, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, MMP-9 and MMP-2 were detected by Western blot analysis. The effect of α-hederin in vivo was observed by xenograft tumor models in nude mice. RESULTS The α-hederin treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner of HGC27/DDP and induced obvious apoptosis compared with the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the ability of cells to invade and migrate was suppressed (P<0.05). The α-hederin induced the depletion of GSH (P<0.05) and the accumulation of intracellular ROS (P<0.05), changed the mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), increased the Bax, Apaf-1, AIF, Cyt C, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 expression and decreased the protein level of Bcl-2, survivin, MMP-9 and MMP-2 (P<0.05). Pretreatment with NAC (12 mM) enhanced the tendency and pretreatment with BSO (8 mM) attenuated the tendency above (P<0.05). Meanwhile, α-hederin inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study provides strong molecular evidence to support our hypothesis that α-hederin inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of HGC27/DDP cells by increasing the levels of intracellular ROS and triggering mitochondrial pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Lei
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengzhan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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Noh S, Choi E, Hwang CH, Jung JH, Kim SH, Kim B. Dietary Compounds for Targeting Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102401. [PMID: 31597327 PMCID: PMC6835786 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the burden of the disease is increased. Although several chemotherapies have been used, concerns about the side effects have been raised, and development of alternative therapy is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy of dietary substances as a source of anti-tumor drugs by identifying their carcinostatic activities in specific pathological mechanisms. According to numerous studies, dietary substances were effective through following five mechanisms; apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, microRNA (miRNA) regulation, and anti-multi-drug-resistance (MDR). About seventy dietary substances showed the anti-prostate cancer activities. Most of the substances induced the apoptosis, especially acting on the mechanism of caspase and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These findings support that dietary compounds have potential to be used as anticancer agents as both food supplements and direct clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Noh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Eunseok Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Cho-Hyun Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
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Won YS, Seo KI. Lupiwighteone induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis on human breast cancer cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110863. [PMID: 31604113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality in women. Lupiwighteone has anticancer effects in prostate cancer cells and neuroblastoma cells. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of lupiwighteone effects on human breast cancer cells are not as well known. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lupiwighteone on the proliferation and apoptosis of two different human cancer cells; MCF-7, an estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell, and MDA-MB-231, a triple negative human breast cancer cell. Lupiwighteone treatment decreased the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Lupiwighteone treatment resulted in apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells, which was characterized by DNA fragmentation, accumulation of apoptotic cells, and nuclear condensation. We also showed that treatment with lupiwighteone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis (up-regulation of caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, PARP, and Bax or down-regulation of Bid, Bcl-2), induction of caspase-independent apoptosis (up-regulation of AIF and Endo G on cytosol), and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (down-regulation of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR) in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggest that lupiwighteone induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in both breast cancer cell lines via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Il Seo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Shi X, Zhang G, Ge G, Guo Z, Song Y, Su D, Shan L. In Vitro Metabolism of Auriculasin and Its Inhibitory Effects on Human Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2125-2134. [PMID: 31515991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Auriculasin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we explored the metabolic characteristics and inhibitory effect of auriculasin against cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in vitro. Auriculasin inhibited UGT1A6, UGT1A8, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 strongly at a concentration of 100 μM. Different species showed significant differences in auriculasin metabolism, and metabolic characteristics were similar between pig and human. We identified seven metabolites, and hydroxylated auriculasin was the main metabolite. In addition, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2C8 were the major CYP isoforms involved in the metabolism of auriculasin. Molecular docking studies showed that noncovalent interactions between auriculasin and the CYPs are dominated by hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Our in vitro study provides insights into the pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of auriculasin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100000 , China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zhe Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1688 Meiling Road , Nanchang 330006 , China
| | - Dan Su
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1688 Meiling Road , Nanchang 330006 , China
| | - Lina Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou 121001 , China
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