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Hu Y, Zhang L, Tian C, Chen F, Li P, Zhang A, Wang W. Molecular crosstalk and putative mechanisms underlying mitochondrial quality control: The hidden link with methylmercury-induced cognitive impairment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116360. [PMID: 38678690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin associated with foetal neurodevelopmental and adult cognitive deficits. Neurons are highly dependent on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP and meet their high energy demands. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is critical for neuronal homeostasis. While existing studies have generated a wealth of data on the toxicity of MeHg, the complex cascades and molecular pathways governing the mitochondrial network remain to be elucidated. Here, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/kg body weight of MeHg were administered intragastrically to pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to model maternal MeHg exposure. The results of the in vivo study revealed that MeHg-treated rats tended to perform more directionless repetitive strategies in the Morris Water Maze and fewer target-orientation strategies than control offspring. Moreover, pathological injury and synaptic toxicity were observed in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the autophagosomes encapsulated damaged mitochondria, while showing a typical mitochondrial fission phenotype, which was supported by the activation of PINK1-dependent key regulators of mitophagy. Moreover, there was upregulation of DRP1 and FIS1. Additionally, MeHg compensation promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, as evidenced by the activation of the mitochondrial PGC1-α-NRF1-TFAM signalling pathway. Notably, SIRT3/AMPK was activated by MeHg, and the expression and activity of p-AMPK, p-LKB1 and SIRT3 were consistently coordinated. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the potential molecular mechanisms regulating MeHg-induced cognitive deficits through SIRT3/AMPK MQC network coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changsong Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Wen F, Xu A, Wei W, Yang S, Xi Z, Ge Y, Wu S, Ju Z. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Multi-Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5303. [PMID: 38791345 PMCID: PMC11120852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent known for its multi-organ toxicity, especially in the heart, which limits its clinical application. The toxic side effects of DOX, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis, are intricately linked to the involvement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). To assess the effectiveness of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in counteracting the multi-organ toxicity of DOX, a mouse model was established through DOX administration, which led to significant reductions in NAD+ in tissues with evident injury, including the heart, liver and lungs. NMN treatment alleviated both multi-organ fibrosis and mortality in mice. Mechanistically, tissue fibrosis, macrophage infiltration and DOX-related cellular damage, which are potentially implicated in the development of multi-organ fibrosis, could be attenuated by NAD+ restoration. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the benefits of NMN supplementation in mitigating the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (F.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (F.W.); (Y.G.)
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Afzal S, Abdul Manap AS, Attiq A, Albokhadaim I, Kandeel M, Alhojaily SM. From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269581. [PMID: 37927596 PMCID: PMC10622810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Zuo K, Xu Q, Wang Y, Sui Y, Niu Y, Liu Z, Liu M, Liu X, Liu D, Sun W, Wang Z, Liu X, Liu J. L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate Attenuates Methylmercury-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and DNA Damage in Human SH-SY5Y Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:144. [PMID: 36851019 PMCID: PMC9967424 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxin that causes severe neuronal oxidative damage. As vitamin C is an antioxidant well-known to protect neurons from oxidative damage, our goal was to elucidate its protective mechanism against MeHg-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastomas (SHSY5Y). We treated cells with MeHg, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P), or both, and used MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses to assess cell damage. We found that MeHg significantly decreased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, increased apoptosis, downregulated PAR and PARP1 expression, and upregulated AIF, Cyto C, and cleaved Caspase-3 expression. A time course study showed that MeHg increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; enhanced apoptosis; increased DNA damage; upregulated expression ofγH2A.X, KU70, 67 and 57 kDa AIF, CytoC, and cleaved Caspase-3; and downregulated expression of 116 kDa PARP1, PAR, BRAC1, and Rad51. Supplementation with AA2P significantly increased cell viability and decreased intrinsic ROS accumulation. It also reduced ROS accumulation in cells treated with MeHg and decreased MeHg-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, AA2P conversely regulated gene expression compared to MeHg. Collectively, we demonstrate that AA2P attenuates MeHg-induced apoptosis by alleviating ROS-mediated DNA damage and is a potential treatment for MeHg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyang Zuo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ye Niu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zinan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
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Zheng Y, Li X, Kuang L, Wang Y. New insights into the characteristics of DRAK2 and its role in apoptosis: From molecular mechanisms to clinically applied potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014508. [PMID: 36386181 PMCID: PMC9649744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family, DAP kinase-associated apoptosis-inducing kinase 2 (DRAK2) performs apoptosis-related functions. Compelling evidence suggests that DRAK2 is involved in regulating the activation of T lymphocytes as well as pancreatic β-cell apoptosis in type I diabetes. In addition, DRAK2 has been shown to be involved in the development of related tumor and non-tumor diseases through a variety of mechanisms, including exacerbation of alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through SRSF6-associated RNA selective splicing mechanism, regulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, and progression of colorectal cancer. This review focuses on the structure, function, and upstream pathways of DRAK2 and discusses the potential and challenges associated with the clinical application of DRAK2-based small-molecule inhibitors, with the aim of advancing DRAK2 research.
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Li L. Effects of microplastics on the accumulation and neurotoxicity of methylmercury in zebrafish larvae. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105615. [PMID: 35364423 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and methylmercury (MeHg) have attracted increasing attention due to ubiquitous occurrence and toxicity. This study aimed to investigate whether MPs could absorb MeHg and thus modify its bioconcentration and neurotoxicity in the zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). The pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.989) was found to be suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics of MeHg onto MPs. Compared with Freundlich and Temkin models, the Langmuir isotherm model provided a better fit with the experimental data exhibiting a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 54.945 mg/g. These results suggested that adsorption occurs mainly by a chemical process dominated by monolayer adsorption. MPs adsorbed MeHg to form MPs/MeHg complex, which was ingested by zebrafish larvae, and promoted accumulation of MeHg. Thus, the presence of MPs aggravated the reduction of locomotor activity induced by MeHg, and downregulation of neurotransmitters related genes, such as ache, gfap and scl1A3b. Metabolome analysis also revealed disrupted glutathione (GSH) metabolism upon exposure of MeHg alone and in combination with MPs, as reflected by the increased in the ratio of GSH and oxidized glutathione. These effects were also confirmed by upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes, such as sod, sod mt and gpx4a. Collectively, these results indicated that MPs could act as a carrier of MeHg and enhance its accumulation in zebrafish, thereby disrupting locomotor activity by excessive oxidative stress. This study provides a scientific basis for improving health risk assessment of environmental pollutants, particularly those potentially able to adsorb to MPs by virtue of their chemical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Yawen Xu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
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Nicotinic Acid Riboside Regulates Nrf-2/P62-Related Oxidative Stress and Autophagy to Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6293329. [PMID: 35242876 PMCID: PMC8888081 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6293329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of various cancers. Due to its potential fatal cardiotoxic side effects, the clinical application is often limited. Dexrazoxane (Dex) is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity but has side effects. Thus, more protective strategies should be explored. If NAD+ plays a role in maintaining heart function, its precursor prospectively alleviates Dox-induced cellular injury. Here, we studied the protective effects of nicotinic acid riboside (NAR) on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. We found that NAR significantly improved the cardiac function of Dox-treated mice by restoring ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and serum level of cardiac troponin (cTnI). NAR not only reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Dox-treated cardiomyocytes but also further promoted the activities of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Following exposure to 5 μM Dox, cotreatment with NAR exhibited increased cell viability with a decrease in the apoptosis cell population. Moreover, the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, as well as proteins involved in oxidative stress and autophagy, were altered after NAR treatment. Collectively, these findings underline the protective potential of NAR against Dox-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating Nrf-2/P62-related oxidative stress and autophagy, which could potentially promote survival.
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Vyas P, Tulsawani R, Vohora D. Dual Targeting by Inhibition of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Attenuates the Neuroinflammatory Responses in Murine Hippocampal Cells and Seizures in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739452. [PMID: 34887852 PMCID: PMC8650161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the association of seizures and inflammation; however, underlying cell signaling mechanisms are still not fully understood. Overactivation of phosphoinositide-3-kinases is associated with both neuroinflammation and seizures. Herein, we speculate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a promising therapeutic target for neuroinflammation-mediated seizures and associated neurodegeneration. Firstly, we cultured HT22 cells for detection of the downstream cell signaling events activated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed pilocarpine (PILO) model. We then evaluated the effects of 7-day treatment of buparlisib (PI3K inhibitor, 25 mg/kg p.o.), dactolisib (PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, 25 mg/kg p.o.), and rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg p.o.) in an LPS-primed PILO model of seizures in C57BL/6 mice. LPS priming resulted in enhanced seizure severity and reduced latency. Buparlisib and dactolisib, but not rapamycin, prolonged latency to seizures and reduced neuronal loss, while all drugs attenuated seizure severity. Buparlisib and dactolisib further reduced cellular redox, mitochondrial membrane potential, cleaved caspase-3 and p53, nuclear integrity, and attenuated NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 signaling both in vitro and in vivo post-PILO and LPS+PILO inductions; however, rapamycin mitigated the same only in the PILO model. Both drugs protected against neuronal cell death demonstrating the contribution of this pathway in the seizure-induced neuronal pyknosis; however, rapamycin showed resistance in a combination model. Furthermore, LPS and PILO exposure enhanced pAkt/Akt and phospho-p70S6/total-p70S6 kinase activity, while buparlisib and dactolisib, but not rapamycin, could reduce it in a combination model. Partial rapamycin resistance was observed possibly due to the reactivation of the pathway by a functionally different complex of mTOR, i.e., mTORC2. Our study substantiated the plausible involvement of PI3K-mediated apoptotic and inflammatory pathways in LPS-primed PILO-induced seizures and provides evidence that its modulation constitutes an anti-inflammatory mechanism by which seizure inhibitory effects are observed. We showed dual inhibition by dactolisib as a promising approach. Targeting this pathway at two nodes at a time may provide new avenues for antiseizure therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar Tulsawani
- Defense Institute of Physiology & Allied Science, Defense Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Yuan L, Shi X, Tang BZ, Wang WX. Real-time in vitro monitoring of the subcellular toxicity of inorganic Hg and methylmercury in zebrafish cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105859. [PMID: 34004410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a prominent environmental contaminant and can cause various subcellular effects. Elucidating the different subcellular toxicities of inorganic Hg (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg) is critical for understanding their overall cytotoxicity. In this study, we employed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes to investigate the toxicity of Hg at the subcellular level using an aquatic embryonic zebrafish fibroblast cell line ZF4 as a model. The dynamic monitoring of lysosomal pH and the mapping of pH distribution during Hg2+ or MeHg exposure were successfully realized for the first time. We found that both Hg2+ and MeHg decreased the mean lysosomal pH, but with contrasting effects and mechanisms. Hg2+ had a greater impact on lysosomal pH than MeHg at a similar intracellular concentration. In addition, Hg2+ in comparison to MeHg exposure led to an increased number of lysosomes, probably because of their different effects on autophagy. We further showed that MeHg (200 nM) exposure had an inverse effect on mitochondrial respiratory function. A high dose (1000 nM) of Hg2+ increased the amount of intracellular lipid droplets by 13%, indicating that lipid droplets may potentially play a role in Hg2+detoxification. Our study suggested that, compared with other parameters, lysosome pH was most sensitive to Hg2+ and MeHg. Therefore, lysosomal pH can be used as a potential biomarker to assess the cellular toxicity of Hg in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliang Yuan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen518057, China.
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Sun T, Gong Q, Wu Y, Shen Z, Zhang Y, Ge S, Duan JS. Dexmedetomidine alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction may be associated with inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway in mice with myocardial infarction. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:1569-1577. [PMID: 33782744 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The global incidence of myocardial infarction has been consistently high, and it is one of the main causes of poor cardiovascular prognosis. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2 receptor agonist. Recent studies have found that DEX has a protective effect on myocardial infarction, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. In this experiment, we permanently ligated the anterior descending branch of mice to explore the protective mechanism of DEX against myocardial infarction. Our study found that intraperitoneal injection of DEX for 7 days after myocardial infarction in mice can increase the reduction of ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) caused by myocardial infarction and significantly reduce the release of serum markers. The results of myocardial HE and Sirius red staining suggest that the changes in the myocardial structure of mice after using DEX are reduced. Immunohistochemistry shows that DEX reduces the expression of ROCK1 protein after myocardial infarction. TUNEL staining and the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were used to detect cell apoptosis and results make clear that DEX can reduce the apoptosis caused by myocardial infarction. Western blot experiments showed that DEX can reduce the expression levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 (Rho-kinase). At the same time, it was observed that DEX improved the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. The above results indicate that DEX reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improves cardiac function likely through inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. This study may provide new insights into the protective effect of DEX after myocardial infarction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiming Shen
- Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shenglin Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jing-Si Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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11
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Revisiting Astrocytic Roles in Methylmercury Intoxication. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4293-4308. [PMID: 33990914 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication by heavy metals such as methylmercury (MeHg) is recognized as a global health problem, with strong implications in central nervous system pathologies. Most of these neuropathological conditions involve vascular, neurotransmitter recycling, and oxidative balance disruption leading to accelerated decline in fine balance, and learning, memory, and visual processes as main outcomes. Besides neurons, astrocytes are involved in virtually all the brain processes and perform important roles in neurological response following injuries. Due to astrocytes' strategic functions in brain homeostasis, these cells became the subject of several studies on MeHg intoxication. The most heterogenous glial cells, astrocytes, are composed of plenty of receptors and transporters to dialogue with neurons and other cells and to monitor extracellular environment responding tightly through fluctuation of cytosolic ions. The overall toxicity of MeHg might be determined on the basis of the balance between MeHg-mediated injury to neurons and protective responses from astrocytes. Although the role of neurons in MeHg intoxication is relatively well-established, the role of the astrocytes is only beginning to be understood. In this review, we update the information on astroglial modulation of the MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, providing remarks on their protective and deleterious roles and insights for future studies.
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Novo JP, Martins B, Raposo RS, Pereira FC, Oriá RB, Malva JO, Fontes-Ribeiro C. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Methylmercury Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063101. [PMID: 33803585 PMCID: PMC8003103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity is a major environmental concern. In the aquatic reservoir, MeHg bioaccumulates along the food chain until it is consumed by riverine populations. There has been much interest in the neurotoxicity of MeHg due to recent environmental disasters. Studies have also addressed the implications of long-term MeHg exposure for humans. The central nervous system is particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects of MeHg, as evidenced by clinical symptoms and histopathological changes in poisoned humans. In vitro and in vivo studies have been crucial in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. A collection of cellular and molecular alterations including cytokine release, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ and glutamate dyshomeostasis, and cell death mechanisms are important consequences of brain cells exposure to MeHg. The purpose of this review is to organize an overview of the mercury cycle and MeHg poisoning events and to summarize data from cellular, animal, and human studies focusing on MeHg effects in neurons and glial cells. This review proposes an up-to-date compendium that will serve as a starting point for further studies and a consultation reference of published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. Novo
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.N.); (B.M.); (R.S.R.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.N.); (B.M.); (R.S.R.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Ramon S. Raposo
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.N.); (B.M.); (R.S.R.); (F.C.P.)
- Experimental Biology Core, University of Fortaleza, Health Sciences, Fortaleza 60110-001, Brazil
| | - Frederico C. Pereira
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.N.); (B.M.); (R.S.R.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil;
| | - João O. Malva
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.N.); (B.M.); (R.S.R.); (F.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.O.M.); (C.F.-R.)
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.N.); (B.M.); (R.S.R.); (F.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.O.M.); (C.F.-R.)
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Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR)-induced chronic heart injury (CHI) is a serious complication of chemotherapy. The present study was designed to assess the ability of fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, to prevent ADR-induced CHI. Forty male 6-week-old C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: (1) control group, (2) CHI induced by adriamycin (ADR group), (3) CHI plus low dose fasudil (ADR + L group), and (4) CHI plus high dose fasudil (ADR + H group). Animals from groups 2-4 received ADR (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) once a week for 8 weeks, and the control group received saline. Meanwhile, the animals in groups 3-4 received 2 mg/kg/day or 10 mg/kg/day fasudil, respectively. After measurement of cardiac functions, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. The hearts were excised for histological, immunohistochemistry and western blot study, respectively. Adriamycin produced evident cardiac damage revealed by cardiac functions changes: decreased left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), increased left ventricular volume, cardiac injury marker changes (increased creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase), antioxidant enzymes activity changes (decreased superoxide dismutase), and lipid peroxidation (elevated malondialdehyde) to the control group. Fasudil treatment notably ameliorated ADR-induced cardiac damage, restored heart function, suppressed cell apoptosis and senescence, ameliorated redox imbalance, and DNA damage. Fasudil has a protective effect on ADR-induced chronic heart injury, which partially attributed to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic effects of inhibiting the RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway.
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Ferrer B, Prince LM, Tinkov AA, Santamaria A, Farina M, Rocha JB, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Chronic exposure to methylmercury enhances the anorexigenic effects of leptin in C57BL/6J male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111924. [PMID: 33338554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that heavy metals disrupt energy homeostasis. Leptin inhibits food intake and decreases body weight through activation of its receptor in the hypothalamus. The impact of heavy metals on leptin signaling in the hypothalamus is unclear. Here, we show that the environmental pollutant, methylmercury (MeHg), favors an anorexigenic profile in wild-type males. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to MeHg via drinking water (5 ppm) up to 30 days. Our data shows that MeHg exposure was associated with changes in leptin induced activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the hypothalamus. In males, the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was sustained by an increase in SOCS3 protein levels. In females, MeHg-activated STAT3 was inhibited by a concomitant increase in PTP1B. Taken together, our data suggest that MeHg enhanced leptin effects in males, favoring an anorexigenic profile in males, which notably, have been shown to be more sensitive to the neurological effects of this organometal than females. A better understanding of MeHg-induced molecular mechanism alterations in the hypothalamus advances the understanding of its neurotoxicity and provides molecular sites for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Lisa M Prince
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
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Chen N, Tang X, Ye Z, Wang S, Xiao X. Methylmercury disrupts autophagic flux by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion in mouse germ cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110667. [PMID: 32339925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely toxic environmental pollutant that can cause serious male reproductive developmental dysplasia in humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MeHg-induced male reproductive injury are not fully clear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether mitophagy and lysosome dysfunction contribute to MeHg-induced apoptosis of germ cell and to determine the potential mechanism. First, we confirmed the exposure of GC2-spd cells to mercury. In GC2-spd cells (a mouse spermatocyte cell line), we found that MeHg treatment led to an obvious increase of cell apoptosis accompanied by a marked rise of LC3-II expression and an elevated number of autophagosomes. These results were associated with the induction of oxidative stress and mitophagy. Interestingly, we found that MeHg did not promote but prevented autophagosome-lysosome fusion by impairing the lysosome function. Furthermore, as a lysosome inhibitor, chloroquine pre-treatment obviously enhanced LC3-II expression and mitophagy formation in MeHg-treated cells. This further proved that the induction of mitophagy and the injury of the lysosome played an important role in the GC2-spd cell apoptosis induced by MeHg. Our findings indicate that MeHg caused apoptosis in the GC2-spd cells, which were dependent on oxidative stress-mediated mitophagy and the lysosome damaging-mediated inhibition of autophagic flux induced by MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Safety and Quality, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Xianjin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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Yang T, Xu Z, Liu W, Xu B, Deng Y. Oxidative stress accelerates synaptic glutamate dyshomeostasis and NMDARs disorder during methylmercury-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:683-696. [PMID: 32061141 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin,which leads to a wide range of intracellular effects. The molecular mechanismsassociated to MeHg-induced neurotoxicity have not been fully understood.Oxidative stress, as well as synaptic glutamate (Glu) dyshomeostasis have beenidentified as two critical mechanisms during MeHg-mediated cytotoxicity. Here,we developed a rat model of MeHg poisoning to evaluate its neurotoxic effectsby focusing on cellular oxidative stress and synaptic Glu disruption. Inaddition, we investigated the neuroprotective role of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a natural antioxidant, todeeply explore the underlying interaction between them. Fifty-six rats wererandomly divided into four groups: saline control, MeHg treatment (4 or 12μmol/kg MeHg), and α-LApre-treatment (35 μmol/kg α-LA+12μmol/kg MeHg). Rats exposed to 12 μmol/kg MeHg induced neuronal oxidativestress, with ROS accumulation and cellular antioxidant system impairment. Nrf2 andxCT pathways were activated with MeHg treatment. The enzymatic or non-enzymaticof cellular GSH synthesis were also disrupted by MeHg. On the other hand, the abnormalactivities of GS and PAG disturbed the "Glu-Gln cycle", leading to NMDARsover-activation, Ca2+ overload, and the calpain activation, which acceleratedNMDARs degradation. Meanwhile, the high expressions of phospho-p44/42 MAPK,phospho-p38 MAPK, phospho-CREB, and the high levels of caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2 finallyindicated the neuronal apoptosis after MeHg exposure. Pre-treatment with α-LA significantly preventedMeHg-induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, the oxidative stress and synapticGlu dyshomeostasis contributed to MeHg-induced neuronal apoptosis. Alpha-LAattenuated these toxic effects through mechanisms of anti-oxidation andindirect Glu dyshomeostasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Bittencourt LO, Dionizio A, Nascimento PC, Puty B, Leão LKR, Luz DA, Silva MCF, Amado LL, Leite A, Buzalaf MR, Crespo-Lopez ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Proteomic approach underlying the hippocampal neurodegeneration caused by low doses of methylmercury after long-term exposure in adult rats. Metallomics 2020; 11:390-403. [PMID: 30525157 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an important toxicant that causes cognitive dysfunctions in humans. This study aimed to investigate the proteomic and biochemical alterations of the hippocampus associated with behavioural consequences of low doses of MeHg in a long-term exposure model, and to realistically mimic in vivo the result of human exposure to this toxicant. Adult Wistar male rats were exposed to a dose of MeHg at 0.04 mg kg-1 day-1 by gavage for 60 days. Total mercury (Hg) content was significantly increased in the hippocampal parenchyma. The increase in the Hg levels was capable of reducing neuron and astrocyte cell density in the CA1, CA3, hilus and dentate gyrus regions, increasing both malondialdehyde and nitrite levels and decreasing antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals. The proteomic analysis detected 1041 proteins with altered expression due to MeHg exposure, including 364 proteins with no expression, 295 proteins with de novo expression and 382 proteins with up- or down-regulated expression. This proteomic approach revealed alterations in pathways related to chemical synapses, metabolism, amino acid transport, cell energy, neurodegenerative processes and myelin maintenance. Therefore, even at low doses of MeHg exposure, it is possible to cause hippocampal damage in adult rats at many organisational levels, triggering oxidative stress and proteome misbalance, featuring a neurodegenerative process and culminating in long- and short-term memory and learning deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, No 125, Augusto Corrêa Street N. 01, Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Hasan A, Nanakali NMQ, Salihi A, Rasti B, Sharifi M, Attar F, Derakhshankhah H, Mustafa IA, Abdulqadir SZ, Falahati M. Nanozyme-based sensing platforms for detection of toxic mercury ions: An alternative approach to conventional methods. Talanta 2020; 215:120939. [PMID: 32312429 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is known as a poisonous heavy metal which stimulates a wide range of adverse effects on the human health. Therefore, development of some feasible, practical and highly sensitive platforms would be desirable in determination of Hg2+ level as low as nmol L-1 or pmol L-1. Different approaches such as ICP-MS, AAS/AES, and nanomaterial-based nanobiosensors have been manipulated for determination of Hg2+ level. However, these approaches suffer from expensive instruments and complicated sample preparation. Recently, nanozymes have been assembled to address some disadvantages of conventional methods in the detection of Hg2+. Along with the outstanding progress in nanotechnology and computational approaches, pronounced improvement has been attained in the field of nanozymes, recently. To accentuate these progresses, this review presents an overview on the different reports of Hg2+-induced toxicity on the different tissues followed by various conventional approaches validated for the determination of Hg2+ level. Afterwards, different types of nanozymes like AuNPs, PtNPs for quantitative detection of Hg2+ were surveyed. Finally, the current challenges and the future directions were explored to alleviate the limitation of nanozyme-based platforms with potential engineering in detection of heavy metals, namely Hg2+. The current overview can provide outstanding information to develop nano-based platforms for improvement of LOD and LOQ of analytical methods in sensitive detection of Hg2+ and other heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
| | - Nadir Mustafa Qadir Nanakali
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Behnam Rasti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Inaam Ahmad Mustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Shang Ziyad Abdulqadir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Fujimura M, Usuki F, Nakamura A. Fasudil, a Rho-Associated Coiled Coil-Forming Protein Kinase Inhibitor, Recovers Methylmercury-Induced Axonal Degeneration by Changing Microglial Phenotype in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:126-136. [PMID: 30462329 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental neurotoxicant that induces neuropathological changes. In this study, we established chronic MeHg-intoxicated rats. These rats survived, and sustained MeHg-induced axonal degeneration, including the dorsal root nerve and the dorsal column of the spinal cord; these changes persisted 12 weeks after MeHg withdrawal. We demonstrated for the first time the restorative effect of Fasudil, a specific inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase, on axonal degeneration and corresponding neural dysfunction in the established chronic MeHg-intoxicated rats. To investigate the mechanism of this restorative effect, we focused on the expression of Rho protein families. This was supported by our previous study, which demonstrated that cotreatment with Fasudil prevented axonal degeneration by mitigating neurite extension/retraction incoordination caused by MeHg-induced suppression of Rac1 in vitro and in subacute MeHg-intoxicated rats. However, the mechanism of the restorative effect of Fasudil on axonal degeneration in chronic MeHg-intoxicated rats differed from MeHg-mediated neuritic extension/retraction incoordination. We found that the restorative effect of Fasudil was caused by the Fasudil-induced change of microglial phenotype, from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory; moreover, Fasudil suppressed Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase activity. Treatment with Fasudil decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6; furthermore, it inactivated the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway. Additionally, Fasudil treatment was associated with increased levels of anti-inflammatory factors arginase-1 and interleukin-10. These results suggest that Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase inhibition may recover MeHg-mediated axonal degeneration and neural dysfunction in chronic MeHg intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fusako Usuki
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
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Chang J, Yang B, Zhou Y, Yin C, Liu T, Qian H, Xing G, Wang S, Li F, Zhang Y, Chen D, Aschner M, Lu R. Acute Methylmercury Exposure and the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Signaling Pathway under Normoxic Conditions in the Rat Brain and Astrocytes in Vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:127006. [PMID: 31850806 PMCID: PMC6957278 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, methylmercury (MeHg) induces toxic effects in the nervous system, one of its main targets. However, the exact mechanisms of its neurotoxicity have not been fully elucidated. Hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α (HIF- 1 α ), a transcription factor, plays a crucial role in adaptive and cytoprotective responses in cells and is involved in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, erythropoiesis, and other physiological activities. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the role of HIF- 1 α in response to acute MeHg exposure in rat brain and primary cultured astrocytes to improve understanding of the mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and the development of effective neuroprotective strategies. METHODS Primary rat astrocytes were treated with MeHg (0 - 10 μ M ) for 0.5 h . Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were assessed with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed to assess the level of oxidative stress using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence. HIF- 1 α , and its downstream proteins, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), erythropoietin (EPO), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were analyzed by means of Western blotting. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of HIF- 1 α mRNA. Pretreatment with protein synthesis inhibitor (CHX), proteasome inhibitor (MG132), or proline hydroxylase inhibitor (DHB) were applied to explore the possible mechanisms of HIF- 1 α inhibition by MeHg. To investigate the role of HIF- 1 α in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, cobalt chloride (CoC l 2 ), 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2), small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and adenovirus overexpression were used. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and vitamin E (Trolox) were used to investigate the putative role of oxidative stress in MeHg-induced alterations in HIF- 1 α levels. The expression of HIF- 1 α and related downstream proteins was detected in adult rat brain exposed to MeHg (0 - 10 mg / kg ) for 0.5 h in vivo. RESULTS MeHg caused lower cell proliferation and higher cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In comparison with the control cells, exposure to 10 μ M MeHg for 0.5 h significantly inhibited the expression of astrocytic HIF- 1 α , and the downstream genes GLUT-1, EPO, and VEGF-A (p < 0.05 ), in the absence of a significant decrease in HIF- 1 α mRNA levels. When protein synthesis was inhibited by CHX, MeHg promoted the degradation rate of HIF- 1 α . MG132 and DHB significantly blocked the MeHg-induced decrease in HIF- 1 α expression (p < 0.05 ). Overexpression of HIF- 1 α significantly attenuated the decline in MeHg-induced cell proliferation, whereas the inhibition of HIF- 1 α significantly increased the decline in cell proliferation (p < 0.05 ). NAC and Trolox, two established antioxidants, reversed the MeHg-induced decline in HIF- 1 α protein levels and the decrease in cell proliferation (p < 0.05 ). MeHg suppressed the expression of HIF- 1 α and related downstream target proteins in adult rat brain. DISCUSSION MeHg induced a significant reduction in HIF- 1 α protein by activating proline hydroxylase (PHD) and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in primary rat astrocytes. Additionally, ROS scavenging by antioxidants played a neuroprotective role via increasing HIF- 1 α expression in response to MeHg toxicity. Moreover, we established that up-regulation of HIF- 1 α might serve to mitigate the acute toxicity of MeHg in astrocytes, affording a novel therapeutic target for future exploration. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bobo Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changsheng Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangwei Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Center for Experimental Research, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
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Rodrigues KE, de Oliveira FR, Barbosa BRC, Paraense RSO, Bannwart CM, Pinheiro BG, Botelho ADS, Muto NA, do Amarante CB, Hamoy M, Macchi BDM, Maia CDSF, do Prado AF, do Nascimento JLM. Aqueous Coriandrum sativum L. extract promotes neuroprotection against motor changes and oxidative damage in rat progeny after maternal exposure to methylmercury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110755. [PMID: 31408720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Coriandrum sativum aqueous extract (CSAE) on the rat progeny of mothers exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). The presence of bioactive compounds and CSAE's antioxidant capacity been evaluated, and the offspring were assessed for their total mercury levels, motor behavioral parameters and oxidative stress in the cerebellum. The analysis of the bioactive compounds revealed significant amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, as well as a variety of minerals. A DPPH test showed the CSAE had important antioxidant activity. The MeHg + CSAE group performed significantly better spontaneous locomotor activity, palmar grip strength, balance, and motor coordination in behavioral tests compared the MeHg group, as well as in the parameters of oxidative stress, with similar results to those of the control group. The MeHg + CSAE group also had significantly reduced mercury levels in comparison to the MeHg group. Based on the behavioral tests, which detected large locomotor, balance, and coordination improvements, as well as a reduction in oxidative stress, we conclude that CSAE had positive functional results in the offspring of rats exposed to MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keuri Eleutério Rodrigues
- Neuroscience and Cellular Biology Post Graduation Program, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil; Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Neuroscience and Cellular Biology Post Graduation Program, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil; Bromatology and Quality Control Laboratory, Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapa (UNIFAP), Macapa, Ap, Brazil
| | - Benilson Ramos Cassunde Barbosa
- Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Oliveira Paraense
- Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Cahy Manoel Bannwart
- Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gonçalves Pinheiro
- Behavioral and Inflammatory Pharmacology Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Nilton Akio Muto
- Amazonian Bioactive Compounds Valorization Center, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Moises Hamoy
- Natural Products' Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Barbarella de Matos Macchi
- Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Behavioral and Inflammatory Pharmacology Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ferraz do Prado
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Martins do Nascimento
- Neuroscience and Cellular Biology Post Graduation Program, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil; Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Post Graduation Program, Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapa (UNIFAP), Macapa, Ap, Brazil.
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22
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Li L, Liu B. ROCK inhibitor Y‑27632 protects rats against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‑induced behavioral deficits and hippocampal damage. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3395-3405. [PMID: 31432130 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury is a major cause of death and long‑term disability worldwide that leads to neurological and behavioral deficits, and for which successful treatments are still lacking. Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and Rho‑associated coiled‑coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) are associated with the growth of neurons and the movement of neuronal growth cones. RhoA/ROCK inhibitors have been demonstrated to promote the recovery of motor function following nerve injury, but the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the ROCK inhibitor Y‑27632 on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‑induced cerebral ischemic injury. Rats were randomly assigned to the Control, Y‑27632, MCAO + Vehicle or MCAO + Y‑27632 group. Firstly, infarct volume, cognitive ability and cerebral injury were assessed. Secondly, indicators of cerebral inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated. Finally, the expression of recombinant glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1) in the brain were measured to assess the activation of astrocytes and microglia, respectively. The results showed that Y‑27632 effectively increased the survival rate and behavioral performance of rats, and attenuated the cerebral injury, oxidative stress and cerebral inflammation levels following MCAO. The disturbance in hippocampal neurons caused by MCAO was also alleviated following treatment with Y‑27632. Neuronal apoptosis was also decreased following Y‑27632 treatment, as demonstrated by the TUNEL assay and the expression levels of Caspases‑3, 8 and 9 and Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio. The levels of GFAP and AIF1 were increased by MCAO and further promoted by Y‑27632, indicating the activation of astrocytes and microglia. In conclusion, the present study offered evidence of a protective effect of Y‑27632 administration on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced behavioral and hippocampal damage by activating astrocytes and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baodi District People's Hospital, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Baoyang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baodi District People's Hospital, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
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23
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Yahiro K, Ogura K, Terasaki Y, Satoh M, Miyagi S, Terasaki M, Yamasaki E, Moss J. Cholix toxin, an eukaryotic elongation factor 2 ADP-ribosyltransferase, interacts with Prohibitins and induces apoptosis with mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatocytes. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13033. [PMID: 31009148 PMCID: PMC9986844 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae produced-Cholix toxin (Cholix) is a cytotoxin that ADP-ribosylates eukaryotic elongation factor 2, inhibiting protein synthesis, and inducing apoptosis. Here, we identified prohibitin (PHB) 1 and 2 as novel Cholix-interacting membrane proteins in immortalised human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells by Cholix immunoprecipitation assays. The expression level of PHB1 was decreased by Cholix after a 12hr incubation. Cholix-induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was significantly enhanced in PHB (PHB1 or PHB2) knockdown cells. In contrast, transiently overexpressed PHB in hepatocytes attenuated Cholix-induced Bax/Bak conformational changes and PARP cleavage. In addition, Cholix-induced reactive oxygen species production and accumulation of fragmented mitochondria were enhanced in PHB-knockdown cells. Furthermore, Cholix induced activation of Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), which was enhanced in PHB-knockdown cells, followed by actin filament depolymerisation and accumulation of tubulin in the blebbing cells. Inhibition of ROCK1 by siRNA or its inhibitor suppressed Cholix-induced PARP cleavage and reactive oxygen species generation. Our findings identify PHB as a new protein that interacts with Cholix and is involved in Cholix-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal rearrangement by ROCK1 activation during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnosuke Yahiro
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyagi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Mika Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Yamasaki
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Shinozaki Y, Danjo Y, Koizumi S. Microglial ROCK is essential for chronic methylmercury‐induced neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2019; 151:64-78. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo Yamanashi Japan
| | - Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo Yamanashi Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo Yamanashi Japan
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25
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Yan Y, Miao D, Yang Z, Zhang D. Loss of p27 kip1 suppresses the myocardial senescence caused by estrogen deficiency. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13994-14003. [PMID: 30957908 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency accelerates the aging process and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apoptosis is one of the important mechanisms of aging. p27kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that can regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell motility. p27kip1 overexpression can inhibit cell cycle and increase apoptosis so it has been considered as a marker of aging. In the present study, bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed as a model for menopause in wild-type (WT) and p27kip1 knockout (KO) mice to assess the effects of p27kip1 loss in myocardial aging caused by estrogen deficiency. We found that myocardial fibrosis and heart weight/body weight ratio of mice in the OVX group and p27kip1 KO group were significantly increased. Echocardiography showed that the left ventricular diameter and volume of the WT OVX group increased significantly and the cardiac function decreased. However, there was no significant difference in the results of echocardiography between the two p27kip1 KO groups. The aging and apoptosis indexes in OVX group were increased significantly, However, the indexes in p27kip1 KO mice were decreased. The expression of antioxidant indexes in OVX group was decreased significantly and p27kip1 KO can improve the antioxidant ability. These results provided that estrogen deficiency increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, accelerated aging of heart. p27kip1 KO can partly delay the aging and apoptosis of heart through upregulated antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Simenc J, Juric DM, Lipnik-Stangelj M. NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 prevents staurosporine-induced cell death in rat astrocytes. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:69-76. [PMID: 30661061 PMCID: PMC6411017 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes maintain central nerve system homeostasis and are relatively resistant to cell death. Dysfunction of cell death mechanisms may underlie glioblastoma genesis and resistance to cancer therapy; therefore more detailed understanding of astrocytic death modalities is needed in order to design effective therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VAS2870, a pan-NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on staurosporine-induced cell death in astrocytes. Materials and methods Cultured rat astrocytes were treated with staurosporine as activator of cell death. Cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial potential were examined using flow cytometric analysis, while chemiluminescence analysis was performed to assess caspase 3/7 activity and cellular ATP. Results We show here for the first time, that VAS2870 is able to prevent staurosporine-induced cell death. Staurosporine exerts its toxic effect through increased generation of ROS, while VAS2870 reduces the level of ROS. Further, VAS2870 partially restores mitochondrial inner membrane potential and level of ATP in staurosporine treated cells. Conclusions Staurosporine induces cell death in cultured rat astrocytes through oxidative stress. Generation of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and energy level are sensitive to VAS2870, which suggests NADPH oxidases as an important effector of cell death. Consequently, NADPH oxidases activation pathway could be an important target to modulate astrocytic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Simenc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Mojca Juric
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metoda Lipnik-Stangelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Prof. Metoda Lipnik-Stangelj, M.D., M.Pharm., Ph.D., University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Korytkova ulica 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Phone: +386 1 5437330
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27
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Ci C, Tang B, Lyu D, Liu W, Qiang D, Ji X, Qiu X, Chen L, Ding W. Overexpression of CDCA8 promotes the malignant progression of cutaneous melanoma and leads to poor prognosis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:404-412. [PMID: 30431060 PMCID: PMC6257860 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is very aggressive and results in high mortality rates for cancer patients. Determining molecular targets is important for developing novel therapies for cutaneous melanoma. Cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) is a putative oncogene that is upregulated in multiple types of cancer. The present study aimed to examine the role of CDCA8 in cutaneous melanoma, with a focus on the association of its expression to prognosis and metastasis. First, the mRNA expression of CDCA8 in cutaneous melanoma tissues was investigated using the ONCOMINE and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Furthermore, the relationship between the expression of CDCA8 and cutaneous melanoma patient survival was analyzed using a Kaplan‑Meier plot and Log Rank test. In addition, the effects of CDCA8 on proliferation, migration and invasion of cutaneous melanoma cell lines were investigated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), Cell Counting kit‑8, colony formation assay, wound healing and Matrigel assay. Finally, the expression levels of key proteins related to the Rho‑associated coiled‑coil‑containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway were measured by western blot assay. The results demonstrated that CDCA8 was overexpressed in cutaneous melanoma tissues and cells lines compared with normal tissues, and high expression of CDCA8 was significantly associated with poorer prognosis in patients with cutaneous melanoma. In in vitro experiments, CDCA8 knockdown inhibited A375 and MV3 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, CDCA8 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation levels of ROCK1 and myosin light chain, two downstream effector proteins of the ROCK pathway. In summary, the present findings suggested that CDCA8 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dalun Lyu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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28
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Xie W, Zhou P, Sun Y, Meng X, Dai Z, Sun G, Sun X. Protective Effects and Target Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: A Comprehensive Overview of Experimental Studies. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120270. [PMID: 30545139 PMCID: PMC6316103 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a complicated pathological process. The injury and cascade reactions caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion are characterized by high mortality, high recurrence, and high disability. However, only a limited number of antithrombotic drugs, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA), aspirin, and heparin, are currently available for ischemic stroke, and its safety concerns is inevitable which associated with reperfusion injury and hemorrhage. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore and examine some potential neuroprotective agents with treatment for cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury to reduce safety concerns caused by antithrombotic drugs in ischemic stroke. Ginseng Rg1 (G-Rg1) is a saponin composed of natural active ingredients and derived from the roots or stems of Panax notoginseng and ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine. Its pharmacological effects exert remarkable neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. To explore and summarize the protective effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, we conducted this review, in which we searched the PubMed database to obtain and organize studies concerning the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. This study provides a valuable reference and clues for the development of new agents to combat ischemic stroke. Our summarized review and analysis show that the pharmacological effects of and mechanisms underlying ginsenoside Rg1 activity against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury mainly involve 4 sets of mechanisms: anti-oxidant activity and associated apoptosis via the Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, PPARγ/HO-1, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways (or mitochondrial apoptosis pathway) and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC pathway; anti-inflammatory and immune stimulatory-related activities that involve apoptosis or necrosis via MAPK pathways (the JNK1/2 + ERK1/2 and PPARγ/HO-1 pathways), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), high mobility group protein1 (HMGB1)-induced TLR2/4/9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) pathways, and the activation of NF-κB; neurological cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration via the MAPK pathways (JNK1/2 + ERK1/2, PI3K-Akt/mTOR, PKB/Akt and HIF-1α/VEGF pathways); and energy metabolism and the regulation of cellular ATP levels, the blood-brain barrier and other effects via N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, ERS, and AMP/AMPK-GLUT pathways. Collectively, these mechanisms result in significant neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury. These findings will be valuable in that they should further promote the development of candidate drugs and provide more information to support the application of previous findings in stroke clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yifan Sun
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ziru Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
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