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Khushboo M, Sanjeev S, Murthy MK, Sunitadevi M, Dinata R, Bhanushree B, Bidanchi RM, Nisa N, Lalrinzuali S, Manikandan B, Saeed AL, Abinash G, Pori B, Arati C, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Dietary phytoestrogen diosgenin interrupts metabolism, physiology, and reproduction of Swiss albino mice: Possible mode of action as an emerging environmental contaminant, endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113798. [PMID: 37146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are the main source of environmental contamination due to their estrogen-mimicking and endocrine-disrupting effects, posing a threat to microbial, soil, plant, and animal health. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid saponin, is used in many traditional medicines, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapies against numerous diseases and disorders. It is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with diosgenin, as well as its potential to cause reproductive and endocrine toxicity. Due to the lack of research on the safety and probable adverse side effects of diosgenin, this work evaluated the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxicity of diosgenin in albino mice by following acute toxicity (OECD-423), repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity (OECD-468), and F1 extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (OECD-443) studies. Diosgenin was found to be slightly toxic, with LD50 for male and female mice being 546.26 and 538.72 mg/kg, respectively. Chronic exposure of diosgenin (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) generated oxidative stress, depleted antioxidant enzymes, disturbed homeostasis of the reproductive hormones, and interrupted steroidogenesis, germ cell apoptosis, gametogenesis, sperm quality, estrous cycle, and reproductive performance in the F0 and F1 offspring. Long-term oral exposure of diosgenin to the mice disturbed the endocrine and reproductive functions and generated transgenerational reproductive toxic effects in F0 and F1 offspring. These results suggest that diosgenin should be used carefully in food products and medical applications due to its potential endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxic effects. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the potential adverse effects of diosgenin and the need for appropriate risk assessment and management of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sanasam Sanjeev
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Maibam Sunitadevi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Baishya Bhanushree
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sailo Lalrinzuali
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ahmed-Laskar Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Chettri Arati
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Kumar P, Singh K, Lone JF, Bhushan A, Gupta P, Gairola S. Morpho-anatomical, Molecular, and Chemical Standardization of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don: An Endangered Medicinal Herb Native to the Himalayas. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221145070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don occurring at high altitudes in the Himalayas and known by the common name ‘Nag Chhatri,’ has high medicinal value. Its rhizome samples have substantial therapeutic potential and possess anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. Due to similar common names and morphology, there is an issue with adulteration and misidentification of actual rhizome samples with rhizomes of other species. So, there is a need to develop valid scientific methods to identify raw herbal samples of authentic ‘Nagchatri’ ( T. govanianum). Objectives The present study focused on developing botanical, molecular, and chemical standards for identifying raw herbal samples of T. govanianum. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from four locations in the Northwestern Himalayas. Botanical characters were studied by stereomicroscope and compound microscope. Molecular identification was done by DNA barcoding and chemical identification by chemical fingerprinting (TLC and HPTLC), LC-MS profiling, and NMR studies. Results The botanical characters involved detailed morpho-anatomical characterization of herbal samples. The DNA barcoding exhibited a 100% identification match of generated barcode sequences with NCBI database sequences for all the selected markers. Chemical profiling revealed diosgenin, makisterone A, and 20-hydroxy ecdysone as major constituents in the rhizome sample, confirming the authenticity of the species. Conclusion The integrated authentication approach employing botanical standardization, DNA barcoding, and chemical profiling will be a promising tool for accurately identifying the genuine raw herbal material of T. govanianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanwaljeet Singh
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Javaid Fayaz Lone
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Bhushan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Zhang H, Dai Q, Zeng M, Liu Y, Du J, Pang W, Hu J, Chen L. Investigating the Metabolic Level of Endogenous and Exogenous Substances on the Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzheng Yiliu Decoction in a Rat Orthotopic Liver Cancer Model. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2785-2801. [PMID: 36160035 PMCID: PMC9492441 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s377621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fuzheng Yiliu decoction (FZYLD), a Chinese formula consisting of four herbs, can be clinically used as an adjuvant therapy after surgery or palliative treatment for advanced liver cancer. Methods This study identified the endogenous and exogenous metabolites of FZYLD in rat serum to characterize the underlying mechanism of its antitumor activity, as well as relieving cancer-related weakness. An orthotopic transplantation rat model of HepG2 cells was established and administered with FZYLD by gastric perfusion for 14 days. Cardiopulmonary function and tail suspension test were used to evaluate the bodily weakness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rats. Tumor weight and size were measured to calculate inhibition ratios. Serum of different concentrations of FZYLD was used to culture the 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diaxol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose-labeled HepG2 cells. IC50 value was measured using MTT assay. Endogenous and exogenous metabolites in rat serum were detected using nuclear magnetic resonance or LC-MS/MS spectroscopy. Results FZYLD improved cardiopulmonary function, decreased immobility time in tail suspension test, and yielded tumor inhibition ratios of up to 27%. Serum endogenous markers, such as lipoproteins (high- and low-density lipoproteins), glucose, and valine, and lactic acid metabolic disturbance were recovered, to some extent, in HCC rats. Exogenous metabolites, diosgenin, apigenin-7-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside, calycosin-7-glucoside, calycosin, ganoderic-acid-A, formononetin, and methylnissolin, became detectable in the blood. FZYLD-containing serum substantially inhibited the proliferation of HepG2-cells. IC50 value was found to be 24.31%. Further, we confirmed that FZYLD could revert energy and lipid metabolism disorders and that its constituents could be bioactive components that induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion The present study explained the mechanism of the effect of FZYLD on body empty, fatigue, and low immunity in patients with cancer, offering an efficient way for research of natural compounds in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China.,The School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China.,The School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Maogui Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Du
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Pang
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China.,The School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
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Zhang SZ, Liang PP, Feng YN, Yin GL, Sun FC, Ma CQ, Zhang FX. Therapeutic potential and research progress of diosgenin for lipid metabolism diseases. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1725-1738. [PMID: 36126194 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, is a natural product found in many plants. Diosgenin has a wide range of pharmacological activities, and has been used to treat cancer, nervous system diseases, inflammation, and infections. Numerous studies have shown that diosgenin has potential therapeutic value for lipid metabolism diseases via various pathways and mechanisms, such as controlling lipid synthesis, absorption, and inhibition of oxidative stress. These mechanisms and pathways have provided ideas for researchers to develop related drugs. In this review, we focus on data from animal and clinical studies, summarizing the toxicity of diosgenin, its pharmacological mechanism, recent research advances, and the related mechanisms of diosgenin as a drug for the treatment of lipid metabolism, especially in obesity, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. This systematic review will briefly describe the advantages of diosgenin as a potential therapeutic drug and seek to enhance our understanding of the pharmacological mechanism, recipe-construction, and the development of novel therapeutics against lipid metabolism diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng-Peng Liang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Nan Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Liang Yin
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Cui Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao-Qun Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Ghaemnezhad A. Diosgenin promotes cisplatin‐induced apoptosis through oxidative DNA damage in A549 non‐small cell lung cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1571-1576. [PMID: 35870171 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Oncology The First People's Hospital of Qujing Qujing Yunan P.R. China
| | - Liqiong Zhang
- Department of Oncology The First People's Hospital of Qujing Qujing Yunan P.R. China
| | - Youchuan Xiao
- Department of Oncology The First People's Hospital of Qujing Qujing Yunan P.R. China
| | - Asghar Ghaemnezhad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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da Silva MF, de Lima LVA, Zanetti TA, Felicidade I, Favaron PO, Lepri SR, Lirio Rondina DB, Mantovani MS. Diosgenin increases BBC3 expression in HepG2/C3A cells and alters cell communication in a 3D spheroid model. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503512. [PMID: 35914860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, is a promising phytochemical for treating different pathological conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the toxicological safety of this molecule for therapeutic use in humans needs to be better understood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of action of diosgenin in HepG2/C3A human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, alterations in the cell cycle, and cell death (apoptosis) were investigated and associated with the gene expression profile of pathways involved in these processes. The effects of diosgenin on the growth of spheroids were also tested. Diosgenin induced a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Apoptosis was associated with an increase in the expression of BBC3, a participant in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Diosgenin also promoted an increase in volume and greater cellular breakdown in spheroids. These results allowed a better understanding of the toxicity of diosgenin in human cells and contributed to the development of treatments based on this phytochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Felipe da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luan Vitor Alves de Lima
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Thalita Alves Zanetti
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Felicidade
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Lepri
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Débora Berbel Lirio Rondina
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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7
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Study on the Mechanism of Diosgenin Targeting STAT3 to Inhibit Colon Cancer Proliferation and Migration. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7494887. [PMID: 35698571 PMCID: PMC9188474 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7494887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of diosgenin on colon cancer, this study administered diosgenin at concentrations of 10 (low), 50 (medium), and 100 μmol/L (high concentration group) at the cell level, respectively. EdU, colony formation, and Transwell assays were implemented to determine SW480 cellular proliferation and migration. Assays of flow cytometry and TUNEL were employed to estimate cell apoptosis. Additionally, nude mouse tumorigenesis assay was used to further verify the regulatory function of diosgenin on colon cancer. The target protein of diosgenin was predicted via molecular docking. The results showed that all three concentrations of diosgenin could reduce colon cancer cellular proliferation and migration, and after diosgenin treatment, colon cancer cellular apoptosis was markedly increased, and the 100 μmol/L diosgenin group produced the most satisfactory inhibition on colon cancer cell proliferation. Ki67 expression was markedly reduced whereas those of Bax and caspase3 were greatly increased after diosgenin treatment. The nude mouse tumorigenesis assay indicated that the parameters of tumorous volume and mass of diosgenin treatment group were greatly decreased as compared to control, and as the concentration of diosgenin increased, the inhibitory effect was more significant. Molecular docking indicated that STAT3 served as a target protein of diosgenin. Moreover, after diosgenin treatment on colon cancer cells, the STAT3 expression was markedly reduced. The STAT3 overexpression would counteract the inhibitory effect of 50 μmol/L diosgenin in both suppressing colon cancer cellular proliferation and migration and promoting apoptosis. Taken together, all our outcomes demonstrated the diosgenin effects in not only inhibiting colon cancer cellular proliferation and migration but also promoting cancerous cellular apoptosis. Diosgenin is a regulatory player in targeting and regulating STAT3.
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Dharani S, Kalaiarasi G, Ravi M, Sathan Raj N, Lynch VM, Prabhakaran R. Diosgenin derivatives developed from Pd(II) catalysed dehydrogenative coupling exert an effect on breast cancer cells by abrogating their growth and facilitating apoptosis via regulating the AKT1 pathway. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6766-6777. [PMID: 35420095 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Palladium metallates containing 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde derived ONS donor Schiff bases were synthesized and their efficacy was tested in the direct amination of diosgenin - a phyto steroid. Based on the pharmacological importance of diosgenin, the obtained derivatives were exposed to study their effect on breast cancer cells where they significantly reduced the growth of cancer cells and left non-malignant breast epithelial cells unaffected. Among the derivatives, D3, D4 and D6 showed a better anti-proliferative effect and further analysis revealed that the D3, D4 and D6 derivatives markedly promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by attenuation of the AKT1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dharani
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
| | - G Kalaiarasi
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
| | - M Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - N Sathan Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - R Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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An R, Zhang W, Huang X. Developments in the Antitumor Activity, Mechanisms of Action, Structural Modifications, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Steroidal Saponins. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2188-2212. [PMID: 35176980 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220217113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, a class of natural products formed by the combination of spirosteranes with sugars, are widely distributed in plants and have various biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-oxidation, etc. Particularly, extensive researches on the antitumor property of steroidal saponins have been received. Steroidal sapogenins, the aglycones of steroidal saponins, also have attracted much attention due to a vast range of pharmacological activities similar to steroidal saponins. In the past few years, structural modifications on the aglycones and sugar chains of steroidal saponins have been carried out and some achievements have been made. In this mini-review, the antitumor activity, action mechanisms, and structural modifications along with the structure-activity relationships of steroidal saponins and their derivatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng An
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Li G, Li Q, Sun H, Li W. Novel diosgenin-1,4-quinone hybrids: Synthesis, antitumor evaluation, and mechanism studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105993. [PMID: 34478831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a series of novel diosgenin-1,4-quinone hybrids were synthesized and evaluated in antiproliferative assays against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, and HeLa). Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the activities depended on the type of 1,4-quinone moiety. Among them, hybrid 11a exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line with a IC50 of 1.76 μM, which was 35-fold more potent than diosgenin (IC50 = 43.96 μM). Western blot analysis showed that hybrid 11a upregulated Bax, Cl-caspase-3/9, and Cl-PARP levels, and downregulated Bcl-2 level of HepG2 cell line. Meanwhile, hybrid 11a could increase the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The molecular docking study revealed an interaction between hybrid 11a and NQO1 enzyme. Our present studies suggested that hybrid 11a as a potential substrate for NQO1 enzyme could be a promising anticancer agent for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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Chamkhi I, Benali T, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, Guaouguaou FE, El Omari N, El-Shazly M, Zengin G, Bouyahya A. Plant-microbial interaction: The mechanism and the application of microbial elicitor induced secondary metabolites biosynthesis in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:269-295. [PMID: 34391201 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes interact with each other via different chemical signaling pathways. At the risophere level, the microbes can secrete molecules, called elicitors, which act on their receptors located in plant cells. The so-called elicitor molecules as well as their actions differ according to the mcirobes and induce different bilogical responses in plants such as the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Microbial compounds induced phenotype changes in plants are known as elicitors and signaling pathways which integrate elicitor's signals in plants are called elicitation. In this review, the impact of microbial elicitors on the synthesis and the secretion of secondary metabolites in plants was highlighted. Moreover, biological properties of these bioactive compounds were also highlighted and discussed. Indeed, several bacteria, fungi, and viruses release elicitors which bind to plant cell receptors and mediate signaling pathways involved in secondary metabolites synthesis. Different phytochemical classes such as terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were synthesized and/or increased in medicinal plants via the action of microbial elicitors. Moreover, these compounds compounds exhibit numerous biological activities and can therefore be explored in drugs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Chamkhi
- Centre GEOPAC, Laboratoire de Geobiodiversite et Patrimoine Naturel, Université Mohammed V de, Institut Scientifique Rabat, Maroc; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Agrobiosciences Program, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 6203 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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Wang W, Chen Z, Chen X, Ni S, Jia Y, Fan L, Ma L. DG-8d, a novel diosgenin derivative, decreases the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Steroids 2021; 174:108898. [PMID: 34339756 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung neoplasm has a relatively poor prognosis, and the clinical efficacy of targeted medicine remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of novel efficient anti-lung cancer drugs is urgently needed. In our previous study, we showed that a novel diosgenin derivative 8d (DG-8d), which contained 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety, had significant cytotoxic activity on human tumor cells, especially the A549 cells. However, the underlying mechanism of DG-8d was unknown. In this study, the pharmacological effect of DG-8d on the A549 cells was inspected. METHOD Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assays, morphological changes and quantitative analysis of flow cytometry. Levels of gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related and PI3k/Akt pathway were evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analysis. RESULT The findings proved that DG-8d could inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The effect of DG-8d on the proliferation and apoptosis in the A549 cells were improved with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, the effect of DG-8d on apoptosis was further confirmed by AO-EB dye, mitochondrial depolarization and accrued intracellular ROS. Gene and protein detection showed that DG-8d or DG-8d combined with LY294002 could down-regulate signaling molecules of Bcl-2, PI3k, p-Akt, p-FoxO3a and up-regulate signaling molecules of Bax snd Bim. In addition, nuclear translocation of FoxO3a was observed significantly in the cells. CONCLUSION DG-8d could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the A549 cells, which maybe mainly because of the suppression of the PI3k/Akt pathways. Finally, we believe that DG-8d can be developed as a possible agent for carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Shiyu Ni
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163001, China
| | - Yongming Jia
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Li Fan
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China.
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13
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Gupta DD, Mishra S, Verma SS, Shekher A, Rai V, Awasthee N, Das TJ, Paul D, Das SK, Tag H, Chandra Gupta S, Hui PK. Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of diosgenin enriched Paris polyphylla rhizome extract of Indian Himalayan landraces. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113842. [PMID: 33460752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicinal plants have gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent to combat cancer and inflammation. Diosgenin rich fresh extracts of Paris polyphylla rhizome from Indian Himalaya is traditionally used as wound healing, anti-bleeding, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent by the folk healers. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study was aimed to prepare two types of extracts from Paris polyphylla rhizome of Indian Himalayan landraces - 1. ethanolic extract of Paris polyphylla rhizome (EEPPR) and 2. Diosgenin enriched Paris polyphylla rhizome extract (DPPE), quantification of diosgenin content, and to evaluate their in vitro anti-oxidant, in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activities of the DPPE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diosgenin content of EEPPR was quantified through GC-MS while diosgenin content of DPPE was quantified through HPTLC, and the diosgenin yield from EEPPR and DPPE were compared. In vitro antioxidant activities of DPPE were performed using DPPH, NOD, RP and SOD assay while in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of DPPE were evaluated in dextran induced hind paw edema in rats. In vitro cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activities of DPPE were evaluated in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) and Hep-2 cell lines. RESULTS EEPPR obtained through cold extraction method using 70% ethanol showed maximum diosgenin content of 17.90% quantified through GC-MS while similar compounds pennogenin (3.29%), 7β-Dehydrodiosgenin (1.90%), 7-Ketodiosgenin acetate (1.14%), and 7 β-hydroxydiosgenin (0.55%) were detected in low concentration, and thus confirmed diosgenin as major and lead phytochemical. However, DPPE obtained through both cold and repeated hot extraction with the same solvent (70% ethanol) showed diosgenin content of 60.29% which is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the diosgenin content in EEPPR. DPPE demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant activities by dose-dependently quenched (p < 0.001) SOD free radicals by 76.66%, followed by DPPH (71.43%), NOD (67.35%), and RP (63.74%) at a max concentration of 2 μg/μl of ascorbic acid and test drugs with remarkable IC50 values (p < 0.01). Further, DPPE also showed potent anti-inflammatory activities by dose-dependently suppressed dextran induced paw edema in rats (p < 0.01) from 2 h to 4 h. DPPE suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, Hep-2 and HeLa cell lines. Maximum activity was observed in MCF-7 cells. The DPPE also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines as measured by AO/PI and DAPI staining, as well as DNA laddering, cell cycle analysis and phosphatidylserine externalization assay. The growth-inhibitory effect of DPPE on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was further confirmed from the colony-formation assay. DPPE upregulated expression of Bax and downregulated Bcl-2 and survivin mRNA transcripts. CONCLUSION DPPE obtained through both cold and repeated hot extraction using ethanol showed significantly higher content of diosgenin than the diosgenin content detected in EEPPR. However, diosgenin yield of both the extracts (EEPPR & DPPE) clearly confirmed diosgenin as major and lead phytochemical of Paris polyphylla rhizome of Indian Himalayan landraces. Further, DPPE also demonstrated potent in vitro anti-oxidative and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and showed in vitro cytotoxicity and significant anti-cancer (apoptosis) effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Das Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT)-Arunachal Pradesh, Yupia, 791112, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anusmita Shekher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Tridip J Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT)-Arunachal Pradesh, Yupia, 791112, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Dipayan Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT)-Arunachal Pradesh, Yupia, 791112, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Sanjib K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT)-Arunachal Pradesh, Yupia, 791112, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Hui Tag
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Pallabi K Hui
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT)-Arunachal Pradesh, Yupia, 791112, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
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14
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Yin H, Zhang MJ, An RF, Zhou J, Liu W, Morris-Natschke SL, Cheng YY, Lee KH, Huang XF. Diosgenin Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Mechanism of Action. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:616-629. [PMID: 33381964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two new diosgenin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities in three human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and HepG2) and normal human liver cells (L02) using an MTT assay in vitro. Most compounds, especially 8, 18, 26, and 30, were more potent when compared with diosgenin. The structure-activity relationship results suggested that the presence of a succinic acid or glutaric acid linker, a piperazinyl amide terminus, and lipophilic cations are all beneficial for promoting cytotoxic activity. Notably, compound 8 displayed excellent cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 1.9 μM) and showed relatively low toxicity against L02 cells (IC50 = 18.6 μM), showing some selectivity between normal and tumor cells. Studies on its cellular mechanism of action showed that compound 8 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Predictive studies indicated that p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is the optimum target of 8 based on its 3D molecular similarity, and docking studies showed that compound 8 fits well into the active site of p38α-MAPK and forms relatively strong interactions with the surrounding amino acid residues. Accordingly, compound 8 may be used as a promising lead compound for the development of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Feng An
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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15
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Design and synthesis of diosgenin derivatives as apoptosis inducers through mitochondria-related pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113361. [PMID: 33740546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DSG) has attracted attention recently as a potential anticancer therapeutic agent due to its profound antitumor activity. To better utilize DSG as an antitumor compound, two series of DSG-amino acid ester derivatives (3a-3g and 7a-7g) were designed and synthesized, and their cytotoxic activities against six human cancer cell lines (K562, T24, MNK45, HepG2, A549, and MCF-7) were evaluated. The results obtained showed that a majority of derivatives exhibited cytotoxic activities against these six human tumor cells. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the introduction of l-tryptophan to the C-3 position of DSG and the C-26 position of derivative 5 was the preferred option for these compounds to display significant cytotoxic activities. Among them, compound 7g exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line (IC50 = 4.41 μM) and was 6.8-fold more potent than diosgenin (IC50 = 30.04 μM). Further cellular mechanism studies in K562 cells elucidated that compound 7g triggered mitochondrial-related apoptosis by increasing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was associated with upregulation of the gene and protein expression levels of Bax, downregulation of the gene and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and activation of the caspase cascade. The above results suggested that compound 7g might be considered a promising scaffold for further modification of more potent anticancer agents.
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16
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Preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of self-assembled nanoparticles of diosgenin-cytarabine conjugate. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112101. [PMID: 33684518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG) isolated from yam roots revealed various bioactivities and applications as drug carrier. In the present study, a conjugate of DG with cytarabine (Ara-C) was used to prepare the self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) of DG-Ara-C by a nanoprecipitation method. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyze the size and the morphology of NPs, respectively. The stability and absorption of DG-Ara-C NPs were measured. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the NPs was determined via MTT assay. The results indicated that the average particle size of DG-Ara-C NPs was around 190 nm with a narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.1). TEM showed that DG-Ara-C NPs had a spherical morphology. Compared to free DG or Ara-C, the self-assembled DG-Ara-C NPs exhibited a better anti-tumor activity against solid tumor cells as well as leukemia cells. In conclusion, DG possesses dual role in the self-assembled NPs of DG-Ara-C conjugate, being as a promising anticancer drug and drug carrier.
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17
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Xia X, Chen Y, Wang L, Yang ZG, Ma XD, Zhao ZG, Yang HJ. Synthesis of diosgenyl quaternary ammonium derivatives and their antitumor activity. Steroids 2021; 166:108774. [PMID: 33285175 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Giosgenin is a naturally steroidal saponin exhibiting a variety of biological activities including antitumor ones. A series of novel diosgenyl quaternary ammonium derivatives were designed and synthesized to develop potential anti-tumor agents in our research. All novel derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS, and evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities using MTT assay. The human cancer cell lines were A549 (Human lung cancer cell), H1975 (Human lung adenocarcinoma cell), A431 (Human skin squamous cell carcinoma), HCT-116 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell), Aspc-1 (Human metastatic pancreatic cancer cell), Ramos (Human B lymphoma cell), HBE (Human bronchial epithelioid cell) and LO2 (Human normal hepatocyte).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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18
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Liao AM, Cai B, Huang JH, Hui M, Lee KK, Lee KY, Chun C. Synthesis, anticancer activity and potential application of diosgenin modified cancer chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 148:111920. [PMID: 33346046 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG), a steroidal saponin, is mainly found in yam tubers. DG and its derivatives displayed significant pharmacological activities against inflammatory, hyperlipidemia, and various cancers. DG was selected to modify the cancer chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine (Ara-C) due to its anti-tumor activities as well as lipophilicity. After characterization, the biomembrane affinity and the kinetic thermal processes of the obtained DG-Ara-C conjugate were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thin hydration method with sonication was applied to prepare the DG-Ara-C liposomes without cholesterol since the DG moiety has the similar basic structure with cholesterol with more advantages. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis and cytotoxic analysis were employed to characterize the DG-Ara-C liposomes and investigate their biological activities, respectively. The results indicated that DG changed the biomembrane affinity of Ara-C and successfully replaced the cholesterol during the liposome preparation. The DG-Ara-C liposomes have an average particle size of around 116 nm with a narrow size distribution and revealed better anti-cancer activity against leukemia cells and solid tumor cells than that of free DG or Ara-C. Therefore, it can be concluded that DG displayed the potential application as an anti-cancer drug carrier to improve the bio-activities, since DG counted for a critical component in modulating the biomembrane affinity, preparation of liposome, and release of hydrophilic Ara-C from lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Liao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bangrong Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ji-Hong Huang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Cooperation Science and Technology Institute, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Ming Hui
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kyung-Ku Lee
- Testing and Evaluation Center for Dental Devices, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - ChangJu Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Cai B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu D, Jia Y, Guan Y, Liao A, Liu G, Chun C, Li J. Therapeutic Potential of Diosgenin and Its Major Derivatives against Neurological Diseases: Recent Advances. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3153082. [PMID: 32215172 PMCID: PMC7079249 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3153082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG), a well-known steroidal sapogenin, is present abundantly in medicinal herbs such as Dioscorea rhizome, Dioscorea villosa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Smilax China, and Rhizoma polgonati. DG is utilized as a major starting material for the production of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its wide range of pharmacological activities and medicinal properties, it has been used in the treatment of cancers, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and infections. Numerous studies have reported that DG is useful in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Its therapeutic mechanisms are based on the mediation of different signaling pathways, and targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective therapeutic agents for neurological diseases. The present review mainly summarizes recent progress using DG and its derivatives as therapeutic agents for multiple neurological disorders along with their various mechanisms in the central nervous system. In particular, those related to therapeutic efficacy for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, brain injury, neuroinflammation, and ischemia are discussed. This review article also critically evaluates existing limitations associated with the solubility and bioavailability of DG and discusses imperatives for translational clinical research. It briefly recapitulates recent advances in structural modification and novel formulations to increase the therapeutic efficacy and brain levels of DG. In the present review, databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used for studies of DG and its derivatives in the treatment of central nervous system diseases published in English until December 10, 2019. Three independent researchers examined articles for eligibility. A total of 150 articles were screened from the above scientific literature databases. Finally, a total of 46 articles were extracted and included in this review. Keywords related to glioma, ischemia, memory, aging, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer, Parkinson, and neurodegenerative disorders were searched in the databases based on DG and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangrong Cai
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Zengtao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Dujuan Xu
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongyan Jia
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanbin Guan
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Aimei Liao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaizhi Liu
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - ChangJu Chun
- Research Institute of Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China
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20
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Guo X, Seo JE, Li X, Mei N. Genetic toxicity assessment using liver cell models: past, present, and future. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2019; 23:27-50. [PMID: 31746269 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1692744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard genotoxicity assays were developed and utilized for risk assessment for over 40 years. Most of these assays are conducted in metabolically incompetent rodent or human cell lines. Deficient in normal metabolism and relying on exogenous metabolic activation systems, the current in vitro genotoxicity assays often have yielded high false positive rates, which trigger unnecessary and costly in vivo studies. Metabolically active cells such as hepatocytes have been recognized as a promising cell model in predicting genotoxicity of carcinogens in vivo. In recent years, significant advances in tissue culture and biological technologies provided new opportunities for using hepatocytes in genetic toxicology. This review encompasses published studies (both in vitro and in vivo) using hepatocytes for genotoxicity assessment. Findings from both standard and newly developed genotoxicity assays are summarized. Various liver cell models used for genotoxicity assessment are described, including the potential application of advanced liver cell models such as 3D spheroids, organoids, and engineered hepatocytes. An integrated strategy, that includes the use of human-based cells with enhanced biological relevance and throughput, and applying the quantitative analysis of data, may provide an approach for future genotoxicity risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Xilin Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
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