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Li SH, Li QP, Chen WJ, Zhong YY, Sun J, Wu JF, Cao YX, Dong JC. Psoralen attenuates cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammation by modulating CD8 + T lymphocyte recruitment and chemokines via the JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32351. [PMID: 38988534 PMCID: PMC11233870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory inflammatory disease. Psoralen (PSO) is the main pharmacological component identified from Bu-Shen-Fang-Chuan formula which has been traditionally used in treatment of COPD, yet its efficacy in COPD inflammation were unreported. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potential of PSO in COPD and unravel the underlying mechanisms, focusing on T lymphocyte recruitment and the modulation of chemokines, namely monokine induced by interferon-gamma (CXCL9), interferon inducible protein 10 (CXCL10), and interferon inducible T-Cell alpha chemoattractant (CXCL11). In vitro, RAW264.7 was stimulated by interferon (IFN)-γ + cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and were treated with PSO (2.5, 5, 10 μM), then the levels of chemokines and the activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway were analyzed by real time PCR and western blot. In vivo, a murine model was established by intraperitoneal injection of CSE on day 1, 8, 15, and 22, then treated with PSO (10 mg/kg). Our experiments in vitro illustrated that PSO reduced the levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and decreased the protein phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT1. Additionally, PSO effectively improved inflammatory infiltration and decreased the proportion of CD8+ T cells in CSE-exposed mice. Furthermore, PSO reduced the levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue, and decreased the protein phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT1. In conclusion, our results revealed the therapeutic potential of PSO for COPD inflammation, possibly mediated through the regulation of CD8+ T cell recruitment and chemokines via the JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-huan Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiu-ping Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wen-jing Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Zhong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jin-feng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu-xue Cao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing-cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Chen LM, Qian ST, Li ZQ, He MF, Li HJ. Psoralen and Isopsoralen, Two Estrogen -Like Natural Products from Psoraleae Fructus, Induced Cholestasis via Activation of ERK1/2. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:804-813. [PMID: 38646980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing use of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy, the incidence of estrogen-induced cholestasis (EC) has tended to rise. Psoralen (P) and isopsoralen (IP) are the major bioactive components in Psoraleae Fructus, and their estrogen-like activities have already been recognized. Recent studies have also reported that ERK1/2 plays a critical role in EC in mice. This study aimed to investigate whether P and IP induce EC and reveal specific mechanisms. It was found that P and IP increased the expression of esr1, cyp19a1b and the levels of E2 and VTG at 80 μM in zebrafish larvae. Exemestane (Exe), an aromatase antagonist, blocked estrogen-like activities of P and IP. At the same time, P and IP induced cholestatic hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae with increasing liver fluorescence areas and bile flow inhibition rates. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that P and IP significantly decreased the expression of bile acids (BAs) synthesis genes cyp7a1 and cyp8b1, BAs transport genes abcb11b and slc10a1, and BAs receptor genes nr1h4 and nr0b2a. In addition, P and IP caused EC by increasing the level of phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The ERK1/2 antagonists GDC0994 and Exe both showed significant rescue effects in terms of cholestatic liver injury. In conclusion, we comprehensively studied the specific mechanisms of P- and IP-induced EC and speculated that ERK1/2 may represent an important therapeutic target for EC induced by phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Si-Tong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhuo-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ming-Fang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Anywar G, Muhumuza E. Bioactivity and toxicity of coumarins from African medicinal plants. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1231006. [PMID: 38273831 PMCID: PMC10809390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1231006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coumarins are naturally occuring metabolites from plants and a few micro-organisms. They have been widely used in the food and drug industry in their natural or synthetic forms. Numerous coumarins possess several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcers, anti-tumour, anti-microbial, anti-coagulant. The aim of this study was to assess the bioactivity, and toxicity of coumarins from African medicinal plants. Methods: We searched online databases and search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science for key terms such as coumarins, toxicity, bioavailability, bioactivity with appropriate Boolean operators. Only full-length research articles published in English between 1956 to 2023 were reviewed. Results: We recorded 22 coumarins from 15 plant species from Africa. Most of the plant species (33%) were from North Africa. These were followed by East Africa at 21%, then West, and Central Africa at 18.2% each. Most of the coumarins (21.3%) were isolated from the entire plant and the leaves (19.1%) and most of them (46.7%) had some antimicrobial activity. Five coumarins viz osthole, pseudocordatolide C & calanolide, chartreusin and esculetin had either antitumor or anticancer activity. Six coumarins had varying levels and types of toxicity ranging from inhibiting blood clotting as anticoagulants, to cytotoxic effects, causing hyperventilation, tremor, & photophobia, pulmonary haemorrhage, carcinogenic activity, severe neurotoxicity, hepato- and phototoxicity. Conclusion: Several African medicinal plants are sources of various coumarins that possess several biological activities as well as toxicities. This calls for more research into their safety and efficacy because of their wide spread applications as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Chen S, Guo W, Liu H, Zheng J, Lu D, Sun J, Li C, Liu C, Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu W, Li Y, Liu T. Mechanistic study of cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated cytotoxicity of psoralen and isopsoralen. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114011. [PMID: 37660943 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoralen and isopsoralen are the major components responsible for Psoraleae Fructus-induced hepatotoxicity. This study explored the role of metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in psoralen- and isopsoralen-induced cytotoxicity and its potential mechanisms. Inhibitors of CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 were used to screen specific CYP enzymes responsible for the metabolic activation of psoralen and isopsoralen in mouse primary hepatocytes, which was verified using the corresponding transfected cell lines. Network toxicology and transcriptome analyses were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying toxicity. Psoralen and isopsoralen decreased the viability of mouse primary hepatocytes, whereas the inhibition of CYP2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 2E1 significantly increased their viability. Psoralen-induced cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by the overexpression of CYP2C19 in Chinese hamster ovary cells, whereas the overexpression of the above CYP enzymes did not affect the cytotoxicity of isopsoralen. Psoralen- and isopsoralen-induced cytotoxic effects were associated with putative core targets (i.e., Fn1, Thbs1, and Tlr2) and multiple signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and TNF pathways). Our results demonstrate that the metabolic activation of psoralen and isopsoralen is mediated by CYP enzymes, thereby regulating multiple core targets and signaling pathways and resulting in cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Dingyan Lu
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yongjun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Gao C, Liu C, Wei Y, Wang Q, Ni X, Wu S, Fang Y, Hao Z. The acute oral toxicity test of ethanol extract of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus and its acute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116334. [PMID: 36863638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoraleae Fructus is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine which has long been used to warm and tonify the kidney and treat diseases such as osteoporosis and diarrhea. However, it may cause multiorgan injury, which limited its use. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify the components of ethanol extract of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus (EEPF) and systematically investigate its acute oral toxicity and the mechanism underlying its acute hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the UHPLC-HRMS analysis was carried out for components identification. Followed by acute oral toxicity test in Kunming mice, which received oral gavage of EEPF from 3.85 to 78.00 g/kg. Body weight, organ indexes, biochemical analysis, morphology, histopathology, oxidative stress state, TUNEL, mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway were evaluated to study the EEPF-induced acute hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The results showed that 107 compounds such as psoralen and isopsoralen were identified in EEPF. And the acute oral toxicity test demonstrated the LD50 of EEPF was 15.95 g/kg in Kunming mice. The survival mice displayed non-significant difference in body weight compared with Control at the end of the observation period. And the organ indexes of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney showed no significant difference. However, the morphological and histopathological changes of these organs in high-dose-groups mice indicated that the liver and kidney might be the main target toxic organs of EEPF, which showed hepatocyte degeneration with lipid droplets and protein cast in kidney. It could be confirmed by the significant increases of liver and kidney function parameters such as AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, and Crea. In addition, the oxidative stress markers, MDA in the liver and kidney was significantly increased while SOD, CAT, GSH-Px (only liver), and GSH were significantly decreased. Furthermore, EEPF increased the TUNEL-positive cells and the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC and GSDMD in liver with increased protein expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Notably, cell viability test showed that the specific inhibitor of Caspase-1 could reverse the Hep-G2 cell death induced by EEPF. CONCLUSION To summarize, this study analyzed the 107 compounds of EEPF. The acute oral toxicity test demonstrated the LD50 value of EEPF was 15.95 g/kg in Kunming mice and the liver and kidney might be the main target toxic organs of EEPF. It caused liver injury through oxidative stress and pyroptotic damage via NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xuan Ni
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yizhuo Fang
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Liu B, Fang S, Zhou K, Ma L, Shi Y, Wang Y, Gao X. Unveiling hepatotoxicity distinction of coumarin-related compounds from glycosides to aglycones in Fructus Psoraleae by integrating UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and high content analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116664. [PMID: 37253395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Psoraleae (FP), the dried and ripe fruit of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik., is widely used due to its various clinical pharmacological effects, but its hepatotoxicity restricts its clinical application. So far, its hepatotoxic components and their underlying mechanism have not been systematically elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to reveal the hepatotoxicity distinction of coumarin-related compounds from glycosides to aglycones in FP and elucidate their potential mechanism. METHODS Rats were administrated with the aqueous extract of Fructus Psoraleae (AEFP), in which eight coumarin-related compounds were focused. Subsequently, compounds exposed in rats' livers were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and the identified hepatotoxic compounds were evaluated to elaborate their possible mechanism by the aid of high content analysis (HCA). RESULTS Eight coumarin-related compounds were identified, among which psoralenoside (PO), isopsoralenoside (IPO), psoralen (P), and isopsoralen (IP) were the principally exposed compounds in rats' livers. Furocoumarinic acid glucoside (FAG), (E)-3-(4-(((2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) benzofuran-5-yl) acrylic acid (isofurocoumarinic acid glucoside, IFAG), furocoumarinic acid (FA), and (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzofuran-5-yl) acrylic acid (isofurocoumarinic acid, IFA) were also detected in low abundance. P, IP, FA, and IFA were identified as the hepatotoxic compounds, while their glycosides were almost non-hepatotoxic. The HCA's results showed that hepatotoxic compounds disrupted the balance in reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear area, and mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells, leading to the occurrence of hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS P, IP, FA, and IFA were identified as hepatotoxic compounds, from which P and IP were proposed as the important risk components for hepatotoxicity. The conversion from glycosides to aglycones played an essential role in FP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lulu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yaling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Xing Y, Yu Q, Zhou L, Cai W, Zhang Y, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Fu Z, Han L. Cytochrome P450-mediated herb-drug interaction (HDI) of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. based on pharmacokinetic studies and in vitro inhibition assays. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154710. [PMID: 36805481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is well known both in China and other countries of the world for its tonic properties, however, it has lost its former glory due to liver toxicity incidents in recent years. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine whether the occurrence of herb-drug interaction (HDI) caused by PM is associated with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) based on pharmacokinetic studies and in vitro inhibition assays. The objective was to provide a reference for the rational and safe use of drugs in clinical practice. METHODS In this study, raw PM (R), together with its two processed products which included PM by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (M) and PM by "nine cycles of steaming and sunning (NCSS)" ("9"), were prepared as the main research objects. A method based on fluorescence technology was used to evaluate the inhibition levels of raw and processed PMs, as well as corresponding characteristic compounds on seven recombinant human cytochrome P450s (rhCYP450s). The pharmacokinetics of sulindac (a representative of commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and psoralen (a major compound of Psoralea in combination with PM) in rat plasma were studied when combined with raw and different processed products of PM. RESULTS The inhibitory level order of the three extracts on major different subtypes of CYP450 (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) was: R > M > "9". However, the inhibition level of R and "9" is higher than that of M on CYP2C9. Further studies showed that trans-THSG and emodin could selectively inhibit CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, respectively. Epicatechin gallate mainly inhibited CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, followed by CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. Genistein mainly inhibited CYP3A4, followed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were also inhibited by daidzein. The inhibitory effects of all the PM extracts were associated with their characteristic compounds. The results of HDI showed that R increased sulindac exposure to rat blood, and R and M increased psoralen exposure to rat blood, which were consistent with corresponding metabolic enzymes. Overall, the in vitro and in vivo results indicated that PM, especially R, would be at high risk to cause toxicity and drug interactions via CYP450 inhibition. CONCLUSION This study not only elucidates the scientific connotation of "efficiency enhancement and toxicity reduction" of PM by NCSS from the perspective of metabolic inhibition but also contributes to HDI prediction and appropriate clinical medication of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yajuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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8
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Chen MY, Wang Q, Meng ZJ, Men WJ, Huang JY, Yu B, Zhou K. Psoralen induces liver injury and affects hepatic bile acids metabolism in female and male C57BL/6J mice. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36724888 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Psoralen is a major component of Fructus Psoraleae that could induce liver injury. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were administered with psoralen at doses of 80 mg/kg for 3, 7 and 14 days. Blood and liver samples were collected for serum biochemistry and histopathology examinations, respectively. Psoralen led to liver injury with significantly increased liver weight and liver coefficient and up regulated serum ALT, AST and TG but down regulated serum TC and TP. The expression of bile acid-associated transporters and enzymes was detected by western blot, and the results showed that psoralen significantly down-regulates the expressions of CYP7A1, CYP27A1, BSEP and OSTα protein while up-regulates the expressions of HMGCR and FASN, resulting in the obstacles of bile acid efflux in the liver. The contents of 24 kinds of bile acids in the liver were measured by LC-MS/MS, and the results showed that psoralen led to the accumulation of unconjugated bile acids in the liver, such as ALCA and CA, which were more severe in male mice than female mice. It was indicated that psoralen may disrupt the balance of bile acid metabolism by inhibiting the expression of the efflux transporter, which then leads to liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Phase 1 clinical trial laboratory, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Meng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Jie Men
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju-Yang Huang
- Shool of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Shool of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,State key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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9
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Zhang C, Fan S, Zhao JQ, Jiang Y, Sun JX, Li HJ. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the role of CYP1A2 in psoralen/isopsoralen-induced metabolic activation and hepatotoxicity. Phytother Res 2023; 37:163-180. [PMID: 36056681 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Psoralen and isopsoralen are the pharmacologically important but hepatotoxic components in Psoraleae Fructus. The purpose of this study was to reveal the underlying mechanism of psoralen/isopsoralen-induced hepatotoxicity. Initially, we applied integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in mice treated with psoralen and isopsoralen, highlighting the xenobiotic metabolism by cytochromes P450 as a potential pathway. Then, with verifications of expression levels by qRT-PCR and western blot, affinities by molecular docking, and metabolic contributions by recombinant human CYP450 and mouse liver microsomes, CYP1A2 was screened out as the key metabolic enzyme. Afterwards, CYP1A2 induction and inhibition models in HepG2 cells and mice were established to verify the role of CYP1A2, demonstrating that induction of CYP1A2 aggravated the hepatotoxicity, and conversely inhibition alleviated the hepatotoxic effects. Additionally, we detected glutathione adducts with reactive intermediates of psoralen and isopsoralen generated by CYP1A2 metabolism in biosystems of recombinant human CYP1A2 and mouse liver microsomes, CYP1A2-overexpressed HepG2 cells, mice livers and the chemical reaction system using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Ultimately, the high-content screening presented the cellular oxidative stress and relevant hepatotoxicity due to glutathione depletion by reactive intermediates. In brief, our findings illustrated that CYP1A2-mediated metabolic activation is responsible for the psoralen/isopsoralen-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Quan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Xing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Men WJ, Meng ZJ, Wang Q, Chen MY, Zhai YX, Shi H, Wang AH, Zhou K. The changes of hepatic bile acid synthesis and transport and bile acids profiles in isopsoralen-induced liver injury C57BL/6J mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1701-1709. [PMID: 36066106 PMCID: PMC9467544 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEST Isopsoralen, one of the main active and quality-control compounds in Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), has antitumor and oestrogen-like effects. Previous studies demonstrated that isopsoralen induced hepatotoxicity and its long-term exposure led to cholestatic liver injury. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of three- or seven-day exposure of low dose isopsoralen (80 mg/kg) on bile acid homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, three- and seven-day groups (n = 14 per group, half female and half male). Isopsoralen suspension was administrated intragastrically at 80 mg/kg once a day. Blood and liver samples were collected to measure biochemical indices and transport of BAs. The histopathology of the liver was also observed. HPLC-MS/MS was also used to measure the BAs profiles and transport activity. RESULTS In the study, isopsoralen increased the levels of serum AST, ALT in three- and seven-day groups, and caused vacuolar degeneration and swelling in the liver. Canalicular efflux transporters BSEP, OSTα, MRP2, MRP3, and basolateral uptake transporters NTCP, OATP4 were inhibited after seven-day-administration. Moreover, amino acid binding enzymes (BAAT and BACS) were also inhibited after seven-day-administration. The composition of BAs changed greatly and the concentration of some unconjugated-BAs which have stronger hydrophobicity, such as CA, CDCA, was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Isopsoralen (80 mg/kg) caused hepatotoxicity after short-term exposure by inhibiting the expression of efflux transporters, amino acid binding enzymes, and disrupting BAs spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-jie Men
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-jun Meng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng-ying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-xia Zhai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - An-hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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11
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SHI Z, GAO J, PAN J, ZHANG Z, ZHANG G, WANG Y, GAO Y. A systematic review on the safety of Psoraleae Fructus: potential risks, toxic characteristics, underlying mechanisms and detoxification methods. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:805-813. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Zhang C, Zhao JQ, Sun JX, Li HJ. Psoralen and isopsoralen from Psoraleae Fructus aroused hepatotoxicity via induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated CYP1A2 expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115577. [PMID: 35872289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoraleae Fructus (PF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used to treat diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis and leukoderma. Psoralen and isopsoralen are main bioactive ingredients of PF with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, estrogen-like neuroprotection, etc., meanwhile they are also representative hepatotoxic components of PF. Hepatic CYP1A2 has been reported to be the important metabolic enzymes involved in psoralen and isopsoralen-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the relationship between the hepatotoxicity and CYP1A2 expression, and the underlying mechanism of regulating CYP1A2 expression remain unclear. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study was to explore the associated mechanism between psoralen or isopsoralen induced hepatotoxicity and activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated transcriptional induction of CYP1A2 in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Psoralen and isopsoralen at different doses were treated on HepG2 cells (10, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM for 2, 12, 24, 36, 48 h) and mice (20, 80, 160 mg/kg for 3, 7, 14 days) for different time, to assess the correlation of induced hepatotoxicity and CYP1A2 mRNA and protein expression in vivo and in vitro, as well as the effect on CYP1A2 enzyme activity evaluated by phenacetin metabolism. In addition, the potential mechanism of the regulation of CYP1A2 expression mediated by AhR was explored through nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, immunofluorescence, cellular thermal shift assay and molecular docking, etc. RESULTS: Psoralen and isopsoralen induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, and hepatomegaly, biochemicals disorder and tissue pathological impairment in mice, respectively in dose- and time-dependent manners. Simultaneously accompanied with elevated levels of CYP1A2 mRNA and protein in the same trend, and the CYP1A2 activity was remarkably inhibited in vitro but significantly elevated overall in vivo. Besides, psoralen and isopsoralen bound to AhR and activated translocation of AhR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to the transcriptional induction of target gene CYP1A2. CONCLUSIONS Hepatotoxicities in HepG2 cells and mice aroused by psoralen and isopsoralen were related to the induction of CYP1A2 expression and activity, whose underlying mechanism might be psoralen or isopsoralen activated AhR translocation and induced increase of CYP1A2 transcriptional expression. Hopefully, these finding are conductive to propose an alert about the combined usage of psoralen or isopsoralen and AhR ligands or CYP1A2 substrates in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Quan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jia-Xing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Jiang M, Wang X, Lv B, Lu Y, Ma X, Liu W, Bai G, Gao X. Psoralen induces hepatotoxicity by covalently binding to glutathione-S-transferases and the hepatic cytochrome P450. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154165. [PMID: 35792449 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoraleae Fructus has been widely used in China and its surroundings; however, Psoraleae Fructus and its compound preparation have been reported recently to cause liver injury in clinics. Thus, its safe use has attracted increasing attention. The possible mechanism is related to the metabolism of psoralen, but it still needs further clarification. PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of psoralen and investigate the potentially related molecular mechanisms using chemical biology methods combined with animal experiments to provide evidence for the rational clinical use of psoralen. METHODS An in vivo experiment was conducted with a time series of 20-80 mg/kg psoralen to verify its toxic performance. Target capture and click reactions were used to investigate direct targets of psoralen. Selectivity for different glutathione-S-transferase (GST) subtypes in the liver and inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were also detected. RESULTS Psoralen build-up in the liver is the primary cause of liver damage. Our study revealed the mechanism by which psoralen induces liver injury. Psoralen can bind directly to CYP2D6, CYP3A4, GST-α, and GST-μ and inhibit their activities, causing the depletion of glutathione (GSH) in vivo, which in turn induces hepatic damage. The special structure of α,β-unsaturated lactones in psoralen facilitates its attachment to its target; therefore, complementing psoralen with GSH can efficiently protect the liver from damage. CONCLUSIONS Psoralen causes a disorder in drug metabolism by inhibiting the activity of CYPs and GSTs, causing exhaustion of GSH, and subsequently leading to liver damage. The co-administration of GSH and psoralen is an effective way to avoid liver injury in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Wang D, Ding J, Feng X, Chai X, Yang J, Liu C, Zeng Y, Zhou W, Wang Y. Identification of Q-Markers from Hedan Tablet by employing “spider-web” mode and taking compounds’ hepatotoxicity into account. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:612-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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A new strategy for the rapid identification and validation of direct toxicity targets of psoralen-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2022; 363:11-26. [PMID: 35597499 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between small-molecule compounds of traditional Chinese medicine and their direct targets is the molecular initiation event, which is the key factor for toxicity efficacy. Psoralen, an active component of Fructus Psoraleae, is toxic to the liver and has various pharmacological properties. Although the mechanism of psoralen-induced hepatotoxicity has been studied, the direct target of psoralen remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to discover direct targets of psoralen. To this end, we initially used proteomics based on drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) technology to identify the direct targets of psoralen. Next, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and verified the affinity effect of the 'component-target protein'. This method combines molecular docking technology to explore binding sites between small molecules and proteins. SPR and molecular docking confirmed that psoralen and tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 could be stably combined. Based on the above experimental results, ABL1 is a potential direct target of psoralen-induced hepatotoxicity. Finally, the targets Nrf2 and mTOR, which are closely related to the hepatotoxicity caused by psoralen, were predicted by integrating proteomics and network pharmacology. The direct target ABL1 is located upstream of Nrf2 and mTOR, Nrf2 can influence the expression of mTOR by affecting the level of reactive oxygen species. Immunofluorescence experiments and western blot results showed that psoralen could affect ROS levels and downstream Nrf2 and mTOR protein changes, whereas the ABL1 inhibitor imatinib and ABL1 agonist DPH could enhance or inhibit this effect. In summary, we speculated that when psoralen causes hepatotoxicity, it acts on the direct target ABL1, resulting in a decrease in Nrf2 expression, an increase in ROS levels and a reduction in mTOR expression, which may cause cell death. We developed a new strategy for predicting and validating the direct targets of psoralen. This strategy identified the toxic target, ABL1, and the potential toxic mechanism of psoralen.
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16
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Heghes SC, Vostinaru O, Mogosan C, Miere D, Iuga CA, Filip L. Safety Profile of Nutraceuticals Rich in Coumarins: An Update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:803338. [PMID: 35140615 PMCID: PMC8818878 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.803338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are a family of benzopyrones largely distributed in the natural kingdom, being present in the seeds, fruits, flowers, or roots of various plant species. Natural coumarin compounds are found in significant concentrations in some herbs or spices used as nutraceuticals, but they are also present in cosmetics or household products, due to their pleasant odor. Therefore, an accidental exposure to high doses of coumarins, could lead to the development of harmful effects in some patients. This review summarizes the latest published data from preclinical and clinical studies with natural coumarins, focused on the investigation of general and specific toxicity, with the aim of a better understanding of the safety profile of these valuable compounds. Regulatory aspects concerning the use of natural coumarins in several world regions are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Codruta Heghes
- Department of Drug Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oliviu Vostinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Oliviu Vostinaru,
| | - Cristina Mogosan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Drug Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wang D, Guo J, Chai X, Yang J, Wang Y, Gao X. Dynamic variations of bioactive compounds driven by enzymes in Psoralea corylifolia L. from growth to storage and processing. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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18
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Domiaty DMM. The Role of Pomegranate Peel Extract in Improving Hepatotoxicity, and hMSH2 Expression in CCI 4 -Treated Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/z3ybdytchk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Zhang C, Qian DD, Yu T, Yang H, Li P, Li HJ. Multi-parametric cellular imaging coupled with multi-component quantitative profiling for screening of hepatotoxic equivalent markers from Psoraleae Fructus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153518. [PMID: 34735910 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatotoxicity of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is an important reason for its restrictive application. Psoraleae Fructus (PF), a commonly used CHM for treatment of osteoporosis and vitiligo etc., has caused serious concern due to the frequent occurrence of liver injury incidents. To date, its hepatotoxic equivalent markers (HEMs) and potential mechanisms are still unclear. PURPOSE To discover and validate the HEMs of PF and further explore the potential mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. METHODS Multi-parametric cellular imaging was performed by high content screening, and multi-component quantitative profiling was conducted by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. The correlations between hepatotoxic features and component contents were modeled by chemometrics including partial least square regression, back propagation-artificial neural network, and hierarchical cluster analysis. Then the candidate HEMs of PF were screened out and subjected to hepatotoxic equivalence assessment in primary hepatocytes, zebrafish, and mice, and the hepatotoxic mechanisms of PF were investigated. RESULTS The chemical combination of psoralen and isopsoralen was discovered as the HEMs of PF through pre-screening and verifying process. PF was demonstrated to induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study not only provides a rational strategy for screening HEMs from CHMs like PF, but also contributes to understanding the underlying mechanisms of PF hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Duo-Duo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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20
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Shi GZ, Song D, Li PY, Chen SS, Zhang L, Li SS, Xiao XH, Qin XH, Wang JB. Screening of hepatotoxic compounds in Psoralea corylifolia L., a traditional Chinese herbal and dietary supplement, using high-resolution mass spectrometry and high-content imaging. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5140. [PMID: 33830528 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the complexity of the composition of herbal and dietary supplements, it is a challenging problem to efficiently screen and identify active or toxic compounds. Psoralea corylifolia L. (PCL) was selected as the subbject to establish a methodology for rapid screening and identification of hepatotoxic compounds. High-content imaging, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used in this study to detect the hepatotoxicity and identify unknown compounds in PCL samples. Then, putative toxic compounds which are highly related to hepatotoxicity were screened by spectrum-toxicity correlation analysis, and the toxicity intensity verified by high-content imaging. The maximum nontoxic dose of processed samples with good detoxification effect reduced more than 9 times compared with unprocessed raw medicinal materials. Spectrum-toxicity correlation analysis showed that bavachinin A, bavachin, isobavachalcone and neobavaisoflavone had high correlation with the hepatotoxicity of PCL, and psoralen and isopsoralen had low correlation with hepatotoxicity. This study verified the hepatotoxicity of these six putative compound monomers, proving the results of spectrum-toxicity correlation analysis. Based on the correlation analysis of high-resolution mass spectrometry of detection compounds and high-content imaging of hepatocyte toxicity data, the potential toxic compound of herbal and dietary supplement products can be quickly and accurately screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Zi Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Song
- Sichuan Center for Food and Drug Evaluation, Inspecting & Monitoring, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng-Yan Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Hua Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Feng Q, Chen WD, Wang YD. Farnesoid X receptor: a potential therapeutic target in multiple organs. Histol Histopathol 2021; 35:1403-1414. [PMID: 33393073 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear receptor family, is a common receptor found in the intestine and liver, and helps to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis through regulating bile acid, glucose, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostatsis. In addition, FXR regulates the functions of various organs, such as liver, intestine, kidney, breast, pancreas, cardiovascular system and brain. FXR also plays a key role in regulation of gut-microbiota through mediating the various signaling pathways. Accordingly, FXR has become an attractive therapeutic target in a variety of diseases. This review combines classical and recent research reports to introduce the basic information about FXR and its important roles in various organs of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, the People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China.
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22
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Hou XD, Song LL, Cao YF, Wang YN, Zhou Q, Fang SQ, Wu DC, Zang SZ, Chen L, Bai Y, Ge GB, Hou J. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory constituents from Fructus Psoraleae. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:369-378. [PMID: 32451094 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase (PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibition activities of the major constituents from Fructus Psoraleae (FP), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs with lipid-lowering activity. To this end, a total of eleven major constituents isolated from Fructus Psoraleae have been obtained and their inhibition potentials against PL have been assayed by a fluorescence-based assay. Among all tested compounds, isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A displayed strong inhibition on PL (IC50 < 10 μmol·L-1). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A acted as mixed inhibitors against PL-mediated 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MUO) hydrolysis, with the Ki values of 1.61, 3.77 and 10.16 μmol·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, docking simulations indicated that two chalcones (isobavachalcone and bavachalcone) could interact with the key residues located in the catalytic cavity of PL via hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, these finding provided solid evidence to support that Fructus Psoraleae contained bioactive compounds with lipid-lowering effects via targeting PL, and also suggested that the chalcones in Fructus Psoraleae could be used as ideal leading compounds to develop novel PL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116000, China; Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fang
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Da-Chang Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Zang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yue Bai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.
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23
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Huang J, Wang Q, Chen M, Bi Y, Shi H, Zhou K. Effects of psoralen on hepatic bile acid transporters in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:1012-1021. [PMID: 33317360 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120979346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Psoraleae (FP), widely used in traditional medicine, is increasingly reported to cause serious hepatotoxicity in recent years. However, the main toxic constituents responsible for hepatotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, psoralen, a main and quality-control constituent of FP, was intragastrically administered to Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 1, 3 and 7 days. Blood and selected tissue samples were collected and analyzed for biochemistry and histopathology to evaluate hepatotoxicity. The results showed that psoralen could induce hepatotoxicity by enhanced liver-to-body weight ratio and alterations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total cholesterol after administration for 3 days. In addition, histopathological examinations also indicated the hepatotoxicity induced by psoralen. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of hepatic bile acid transporters were significantly changed, in which MRP4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 were repressed, while the protein level of NTCP tended to increase in the rat liver. Taken together, psoralen caused liver injury possibly through affecting bile acid transporters, leading to the disorder of bile acid transport and accumulation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyang Huang
- School of Integrative Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Bi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
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24
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Wang W, Long H, Huang W, Zhang T, Xie L, Chen C, Liu J, Xiong D, Hu W. Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue Decoction Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Rac1/PAK1/p38MAPK Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:587663. [PMID: 33343355 PMCID: PMC7744471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide and the development of new drugs to treat DN is urgently required. Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue (BSHX) decoction is a traditional Chinese herbal formula, made according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, and has been used clinically to treat DN. In the present study, we established a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model and treated the mice with BSHX decoction to verify its therapeutic effects in vivo. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze the chemical composition and active compounds of BSHX decoction. Markers of podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the Rac1/PAK1/p38MAPK signaling pathway were evaluated to investigate the mechanism underlying function of BSHX decoction. BSHX decoction effectively alleviated diabetic symptoms, according to analysis of the renal function indicators, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and urinary albumin excretion rate, as well as renal histopathology and ultrastructural pathology of DN mice. We identified 67 compounds, including 20 likely active compounds, in BSHX decoction. The podocyte markers, nephrin and podocin, were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers, α-SMA and FSP-1, were up-regulated in DN mouse kidney; however, the changes in these markers were reversed on treatment with BSHX decoction. GTP-Rac1 was markedly overexpressed in DN mice and its levels were significantly decreased in response to BSHX decoction. Similarly, levels of p-PAK1 and p-p38MAPK which indicate Rac1 activation, were reduced on treatment with BSHX decoction. Together, our data demonstrated that BSHX decoction ameliorated renal function and podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition via inhibiting Rac1/PAK1/p38MAPK signaling pathway in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Further, we generated a quality control standard and numerous potential active compounds from BSHX decoction for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Wang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongping Long
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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25
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Effects and Mechanisms of Five Psoralea Prenylflavonoids on Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2128513. [PMID: 32655760 PMCID: PMC7320294 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2128513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the aging process, senescent cells gradually accumulate in the organs; they secrete proinflammatory cytokines and other factors, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP secretions contribute to “inflammaging,” which is a state of chronic, systemic, sterility, low-grade inflammatory microenvironment and a key risk factor in the development of aging-related diseases. Fructus psoraleae is a traditional Chinese medical herb best known for delaying aging and treating osteoporosis. Prenylflavonoids from fructus psoraleae are the main bioactive compounds responsible for its pharmacological applications, such as beaching, bavachinin, bavachalcone, isobavachalcone, and neobavaisoflavone. In previous decades, there have been some promising studies on the pharmacology of fructus psoraleae. Here, we focus on the anti-inflammatory and antiaging diseases of five psoralea prenylflavonoids, such as cardiovascular protection, diabetes and obesity intervention, neuroprotection, and osteoporosis, and discuss the mechanism of these active ingredients for better understanding the material basis and drug application of fructus psoraleae in Chinese medicine.
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26
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Mahendra CK, Tan LTH, Lee WL, Yap WH, Pusparajah P, Low LE, Tang SY, Chan KG, Lee LH, Goh BH. Angelicin-A Furocoumarin Compound With Vast Biological Potential. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:366. [PMID: 32372949 PMCID: PMC7176996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelicin, a member of the furocoumarin group, is related to psoralen which is well known for its effectiveness in phototherapy. The furocoumarins as a group have been studied since the 1950s but only recently has angelicin begun to come into its own as the subject of several biological studies. Angelicin has demonstrated anti-cancer properties against multiple cell lines, exerting effects via both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and also demonstrated an ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization to a higher degree than psoralen. Besides that, angelicin too demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory-related respiratory and neurodegenerative ailments via the activation of NF-κB pathway. Angelicin also showed pro-osteogenesis and pro-chondrogenic effects on osteoblasts and pre-chondrocytes respectively. The elevated expression of pro-osteogenic and chondrogenic markers and activation of TGF-β/BMP, Wnt/β-catenin pathway confirms the positive effect of angelicin bone remodeling. Angelicin also increased the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteogenesis. Other bioactivities, such as anti-viral and erythroid differentiating properties of angelicin, were also reported by several researchers with the latter even displaying an even greater aptitude as compared to the commonly prescribed drug, hydroxyurea, which is currently on the market. Apart from that, recently, a new application for angelicin against periodontitis had been studied, where reduction of bone loss was indirectly caused by its anti-microbial properties. All in all, angelicin appears to be a promising compound for further studies especially on its mechanism and application in therapies for a multitude of common and debilitating ailments such as sickle cell anaemia, osteoporosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Future research on the drug delivery of angelicin in cancer, inflammation and erythroid differentiation models would aid in improving the bioproperties of angelicin and efficacy of delivery to the targeted site. More in-depth studies of angelicin on bone remodeling, the pro-osteogenic effect of angelicin in various bone disease models and the anti-viral implications of angelicin in periodontitis should be researched. Finally, studies on the binding of angelicin toward regulatory genes, transcription factors, and receptors can be done through experimental research supplemented with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Liang Ee Low
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Learn Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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27
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Yang L, Yu YL, Cheng LY, Zhang PY, Zhang Y, Zhou K. The Accumulation of Psoralen Contributes to Its Hepatotoxicity Revealed by Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Study after Repeated Administration. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7307-7315. [PMID: 32280872 PMCID: PMC7144168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psoralen is a furanocoumarin compound found in many herb medicines and is claimed to contribute to the hepatotoxicity caused by lots of traditional Chinese medicine. So far, there has been no research on the differences in pharmacokinetics of single and repeated dosing of psoralen. Moreover, the research on the cumulative toxicity of low concentration and long-term administration on cells has not been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the pharmacokinetic differences and the accumulated cytotoxicity of psoralen from repeated administration. The study found that after single or repeated administration of psoralen for 3 months at various dosages (14, 28, and 56 mg/kg), the pharmacokinetic parameters of female rats between single dose and repeated dose administration are totally different. Compared with a single administration, multiple administrations increased psoralen's in vivo exposure, prolonged the peak time, prolonged the half-life of the drug, reduced the drug clearance rate, and prolonged the drug's stay in the body. HepG2 cells were exposed to low doses (5, 10, 20, or 40 μM) of psoralen for 1, 2, 3, or 4 days. A 20 and 40 μM dose of psoralen did not induced cell death in the 1st day but significantly decreased the cell viability at the 3rd and 4th day of repeated administration, respectively. In addition, multiple administrations of psoralen decreased cell viability due to G2 arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying-li Yu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li-yuan Cheng
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Pan-yang Zhang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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28
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Cespedes-Acuña CL. Recent advances in natural products research and their toxicological extrapolations (Ranprte). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111308. [PMID: 32222550 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Cespedes-Acuña
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bio-Bío, Andrés Bello Avenue # 720, Chillan, Chile.
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29
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Long-Term Exposure of Psoralen and Isopsoralen Induced Hepatotoxicity and Serum Metabolites Profiles Changes in Female Rats. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9110263. [PMID: 31684074 PMCID: PMC6918323 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical safety evaluation of traditional medicines is imperative because of the universality of drug-induced adverse reactions. Psoralen and isopsoralen are the major active molecules and quality-control components of a traditional herbal medicine which is popularly used in Asia, Fructus Psoraleae. The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term effects of psoralen and isopsoralen with low levels on the biochemical parameters and metabolic profiles of rats. Three doses (14, 28, and 56 mg/kg) of psoralen and one dose (28 mg/kg) of isopsoralen were administered to rats over 12 weeks. Blood and selected tissue samples were collected and analyzed for hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. Metabolic changes in serum samples were detected via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. We found that psoralen significantly changed the visceral coefficients, blood biochemical parameters, and histopathology, and isopsoralen extra influenced the hematological index. Moreover, psoralen induced remarkable elevations of forvaline, isoleucine, isobutyrate, alanine, acetone, pyruvate, glutamine, citrate, unsaturated lipids, choline, creatine, phenylalanine, and 4-hydroxybenzoate, and significant reductions of ethanol and dimethyl sulfone. Isopsoralen only induced a few remarkable changes of metabolites. These results suggest that chronic exposure to low-level of psoralen causes a disturbance in alanine metabolism, glutamate metabolism, urea cycle, glucose-alanine cycle, ammonia recycling, glycine, and serine metabolism pathways. Psoralen and isopsoralen showed different toxicity characteristics to the rats.
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiang JM, Zheng D, Tan HS, Tang LM, Xu HX. Multiorgan toxicity induced by EtOH extract of Fructus Psoraleae in Wistar rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152874. [PMID: 30889421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fructus Psoraleae, FP) has a long history and a wide range of applications in the treatment of osteoporosis and leukoderma. Although it is well known that FP could cause hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, less is known about its potential toxicity on multiple organs. PURPOSE This study aims to determine the multiorgan toxicity of EtOH extract of FP (EEFP) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms through a systematic evaluation in Wistar rats. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Wistar rats were orally administered with the EEFP at doses of 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 g/kg for 28 days. Histopathologic and clinicopathologic analyses were performed, and the hormone levels in serum and the mRNA levels of enzymes related to the production of steroid hormones in adrenal glands were detected. The area of each band of adrenal glands and the steroid levels in the adrenal glands were also measured. RESULTS After the treatment, both the histopathologic and clinicopathologic examination showed that EEFP caused liver, prostate, seminal vesicle and adrenal gland damage. Among the enzymes involved in the regulation of adrenal steroid hormone production, NET, VMAT2, and CYP11B1 were upregulated, while CYP17A1 was downregulated. Among the adrenal steroid hormones, COR and NE were upregulated, while levels of DHT and serum ACRH and CRH decreased. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that adrenal gland, prostate, and seminal vesicles could also be the target organs of FP-induced toxicity. Abnormal enzyme and hormone production related to the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis caused by the EEFP may be the potential toxic mechanism for changes in the adrenal gland and secondary sex organs of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jia-Ming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Dan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hong-Sheng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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