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Cao C, Li Y, Shi F, Jiang S, Li Y, Yang L, Zhou X, Gao Y, Tang F, Li H, Han S, Yu Z, Zou Y, Guo J. Nano co-delivery of doxorubicin and plumbagin achieves synergistic chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124424. [PMID: 38971510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy drug used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but its effectiveness can be dramatically dampened by cancer cell chemoresistance. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated with drug resistance in a range of cancers (e.g., HCC), and the STAT3 inhibition can reverse the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In the present study, a combination regimen to improve the efficiency of DOX was provided via the STAT3 blockade using plumbagin (PLB). A poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) decorated by polyethylene glycol and aminoethyl anisamide was produced in the present study with the hope of generating the nanoparticles for co-delivery of DOX and PLB. The resulting co-formulation suppressed the STAT3 activity and achieved the synergistic chemotherapy, which led to tumor inhibition in the mice with subcutaneous DOX-resistant HCC, without causing any toxicity. The present study reveals the synergism of DOX and PLB, and demonstrates a promising combinatorial approach for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fangzhou Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yutong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuqiong Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Feiyan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shulan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Sharaf S, S S, Regidi S, Santhosh Aprem A, Gopimohan R, S L. Evaluation of molecular effects associated with apoptosis, tumour progression, angiogenesis and metastasis by a novel combination of drugs with ormeloxifene in triple negative breast cancer cells. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:551-567. [PMID: 38966180 PMCID: PMC11220290 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the molecular effects of a novel combination [sertraline and plumbagin (comb) with ormeloxifene (Orm)] for anticancer activity in triple negative breast cancer cell line "MDA-MB-231". Methods The cytotoxic effect of the drugs was analyzed by the MTT assay and nuclear morphological changes by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Induction of apoptosis by annexin V-FITC staining, active caspase-3 detection and cell cycle analysis were studied in vitro on "MDA-MB-231" cells. The qRT-PCR was done to explore the upregulation and down regulation of targeted genes for angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor suppression and protein folding on the triple negative breast cancer cells. The preliminary anti-angiogenic effect of the drugs was assessed by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Results Orm showed inhibitory effects in "MDA-MB-231" cells in a dose and time dependent manner whereas; the drugs in combination gave better cytotoxic effects in the screening MTT assay. Orm + comb was more effective than Orm alone in eliciting apoptosis as well as inhibited the single cell to grow into a colony. CAM assay using Orm and Orm + comb suggested the anti-angiogenic potential which was further confirmed by the downregulation of VEGF in "MDA-MB-231" cells by qRT-PCR studies. The combination was found to effectively upregulate the expression of P53 and P21 and downregulate the gene expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in "MDA-MB-231" cancer cells. Conclusions Collectively this study reveals the efficacy of Orm + comb as more significant than the clinically used tamoxifen (Tam). The study elucidates the promising novelty of the combination as a potential chemotherapeutic intervention for mitigating the aggressiveness of triple negative breast cancer and it addresses the intrinsic resistance caused by single drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehna Sharaf
- Corporate Research and Development Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
| | - Sreelekshmi S
- Corporate Research and Development Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
| | - Saikant Regidi
- Corporate Research and Development Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
| | - Abi Santhosh Aprem
- Corporate Research and Development Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
| | - Rajmohan Gopimohan
- Corporate Research and Development Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
| | - Lakshmi S
- Corporate Research and Development Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
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Su HH, Lin ES, Huang YH, Lien Y, Huang CY. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9 ssDNA-Binding Activity and Cytotoxic Effects on H838, H1975, and A549 Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Exploring the Potential of Nepenthes miranda Leaf Extract for Pulmonary Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6120. [PMID: 38892307 PMCID: PMC11173125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous pitcher plants from the genus Nepenthes are renowned for their ethnobotanical uses. This research explores the therapeutic potential of Nepenthes miranda leaf extract against nonstructural protein 9 (Nsp9) of SARS-CoV-2 and in treating human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. Nsp9, essential for SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication, was expressed and purified, and its interaction with ssDNA was assessed. Initial tests with myricetin and oridonin, known for targeting ssDNA-binding proteins and Nsp9, respectively, did not inhibit the ssDNA-binding activity of Nsp9. Subsequent screenings of various N. miranda extracts identified those using acetone, methanol, and ethanol as particularly effective in disrupting Nsp9's ssDNA-binding activity, as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Molecular docking studies highlighted stigmast-5-en-3-ol and lupenone, major components in the leaf extract of N. miranda, as potential inhibitors. The cytotoxic properties of N. miranda leaf extract were examined across NSCLC lines H1975, A549, and H838, focusing on cell survival, apoptosis, and migration. Results showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in the following order: H1975 > A549 > H838 cells, indicating specificity. Enhanced anticancer effects were observed when the extract was combined with afatinib, suggesting synergistic interactions. Flow cytometry indicated that N. miranda leaf extract could induce G2 cell cycle arrest in H1975 cells, potentially inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) enabled the tentative identification of the 19 most abundant compounds in the leaf extract of N. miranda. These outcomes underscore the dual utility of N. miranda leaf extract in potentially managing SARS-CoV-2 infection through Nsp9 inhibition and offering anticancer benefits against lung carcinoma. These results significantly broaden the potential medical applications of N. miranda leaf extract, suggesting its use not only in traditional remedies but also as a prospective treatment for pulmonary diseases. Overall, our findings position the leaf extract of N. miranda as a promising source of natural compounds for anticancer therapeutics and antiviral therapies, warranting further investigation into its molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City 717, Taiwan
| | - En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 403, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi Lien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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4
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Du YQ, Yuan B, Ye YX, Zhou FL, Liu H, Huang JJ, Wei YF. Plumbagin Regulates Snail to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in vivo and in vitro. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:565-580. [PMID: 38525157 PMCID: PMC10960549 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s452924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Plumbagin (PL) has been shown to effe ctively inhibit autophagy, suppressing invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PL on tumor growth factor (TGF)-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. Methods Huh-7 cells were cultured, and in vivo models of EMT and HCC-associated lung metastasis were developed through tail vein and in situ injections of tumor cells. In vivo imaging and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate HCC modeling and lung metastasis. After PL intervention, the expression levels of Snail, vimentin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in the liver were evaluated through immunohistochemistry and Western blot. An in vitro TGF-β-induced cell EMT model was used to detect Snail, vimentin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin mRNA levels through a polymerase chain reaction. Their protein levels were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Results In vivo experiments demonstrated that PL significantly reduced the expression of Snail, vimentin, and N-cadherin, while increasing the expression of E-cadherin at the protein levels, effectively inhibiting HCC and lung metastasis. In vitro experiments confirmed that PL up-regulated epithelial cell markers, down-regulated mesenchymal cell markers, and inhibited EMT levels in HCC cells. Conclusion PL inhibits Snail expression, up-regulates E-cadherin expression, and down-regulates N-cadherin and vimentin expression, preventing EMT in HCC cells and reducing lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qin Du
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xian Ye
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-ling Zhou
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Wei
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China
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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Lee CY, Chen YC, Huang YH, Lien Y, Huang CY. Cytotoxicity and Multi-Enzyme Inhibition of Nepenthes miranda Stem Extract on H838 Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells and RPA32, Elastase, Tyrosinase, and Hyaluronidase Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:797. [PMID: 38592804 PMCID: PMC10974603 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes have long been known for their ethnobotanical applications. In this study, we prepared various extracts from the pitcher, stem, and leaf of Nepenthes miranda using 100% ethanol and assessed their inhibitory effects on key enzymes related to skin aging, including elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase. The cytotoxicity of the stem extract of N. miranda on H838 human lung carcinoma cells were also characterized by effects on cell survival, migration, proliferation, apoptosis induction, and DNA damage. The cytotoxic efficacy of the extract was enhanced when combined with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), indicating a synergistic effect. Flow cytometry analysis suggested that the stem extract might suppress H838 cell proliferation by inducing G2 cell cycle arrest, thereby inhibiting carcinoma cell proliferation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) enabled the tentative identification of the 15 most abundant compounds in the stem extract of N. miranda. Notably, the extract showed a potent inhibition of the human RPA32 protein (huRPA32), critical for DNA replication, suggesting a novel mechanism for its anticancer action. Molecular docking studies further substantiated the interaction between the extract and huRPA32, highlighting bioactive compounds, especially the two most abundant constituents, stigmast-5-en-3-ol and plumbagin, as potential inhibitors of huRPA32's DNA-binding activity, offering promising avenues for cancer therapy. Overall, our findings position the stem extract of N. miranda as a promising source of natural compounds for anticancer therapeutics and anti-skin-aging treatments, warranting further investigation into its molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi Lien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Tripathi SK, Sahoo RK, Biswal BK. Exposure of piperlongumine attenuates stemness and epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype with more potent anti-metastatic activity in SOX9 deficient human lung cancer cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02965-4. [PMID: 38280008 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phytocompounds have shown hopeful results in cancer therapy. Piperlongumine (PIP), a naturally derived bioactive alkaloid found in our dietary spice, exhibits promising pharmacological relevance including anticancer activity. This study reconnoitred the anti-lung cancer effect of PIP and the allied mechanisms, in vitro and ex vivo. The cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects of PIP on lung cancer cells (LCC) were checked via cell viability, colony formation, cell migration, invasion, comet assay, and various staining techniques. Further, multicellular spheroids assay explored the anti-lung cancer potential of PIP, ex vivo. Preliminary results explored that PIP exerts selective cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on LCC by DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. PIP remarkably escalated the cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and promoted dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which triggers activation of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in LCC. Mechanistically, PIP showed F-actin deformation mediated significant anti-migratory and anti-invasive activity against LCC. Herein, we also found that F-actin dis-organization modulates the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and inhibits the expression of stemness marker proteins, like SOX9, CD-133, and CD-44. Moreover, PIP effectively reduced the size of spheroids with strong apoptotic and cytotoxic effects, ex vivo. This has been the first study to discover the high expression of SOX9 supporting the survival of LCC, whereas its inhibition induces higher sensitivity to PIP treatment. This study concludes a newer therapeutic agent (PIP) with promising anticancer activity against LCC by escalating ROS and attenuating MMP, stemness, and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27514, NC, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar Sahoo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bijesh Kumar Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Bie S, Mo Q, Shi C, Yuan H, Li C, Wu T, Li W, Yu H. Interactions of plumbagin with five common antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297493. [PMID: 38277418 PMCID: PMC10817181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the main culprit, causing a variety of severe clinical infections. At the same time, clinics are also facing the severe situation of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, effective strategies to address this problem may include expanding the antimicrobial spectrum by exploring alternative sources of drugs or delaying the development of antibiotic resistance through combination therapy so that existing antibiotics can continue to be used. Plumbagin (PLU) is a phytochemical that exhibits antibacterial activity. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antibacterial activity of PLU. We selected five antibiotics with different mechanisms and inhibitory activities against S. aureus to explore their interaction with the combination of PLU. The interaction of combinations was evaluated by the Bliss independent model and visualized through response surface analysis. PLU exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against S. aureus of 1.73 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. Synergism was observed when PLU was combined with nitrofurantoin (NIT), ciprofloxacin (CPR), mecillinam (MEC), and chloramphenicol (CHL). The indifference of the trimethoprim (TMP)-PLU pairing was demonstrated across the entire dose-response matrix, but significant synergy was observed within a specific dose region. In addition, no antagonistic interactions were indicated. Overall, PLU is not only a promising antimicrobial agent but also has the potential to enhance the growth-inhibitory activity of some antibiotics against S. aureus, and the use of the interaction landscape, along with the dose-response matrix, for analyzing and quantifying combination results represents an improved approach to comprehending antibacterial combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Bie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyue Mo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshuang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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9
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Sultanli S, Schneider J, Burkart SS, Binder M, Kubatzky KF. Cellular ROS tolerance determines the effect of plumbagin on osteoclast differentiation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23293. [PMID: 37950627 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301415r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin is used in traditional medicine because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. As a naphthoquinone, plumbagin triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro cancer studies showed that plumbagin triggers apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS production. As cancer-mediated chronic inflammation can affect bone density, it was hypothesized that plumbagin might directly inhibit the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. We previously showed that the effect of plumbagin on osteoclastogenesis differed between bone marrow-derived macrophages and the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Although RAW 264.7 macrophages are able to initiate the gene program required for osteoclastogenesis, only primary macrophages successfully differentiate into osteoclasts. Here, we show that RAW 264.7 cells are more sensitive toward plumbagin-induced apoptosis. In the presence of plumbagin and the cytokine RANKL, which triggers ROS production to drive osteoclastogenesis, RAW 264.7 macrophages produce increased amounts of ROS and die. Addition of the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine prevented cell death, linking the failure to differentiate to increased ROS levels. RAW 264.7 cells show reduced expression of genes protective against oxidative stress, while primary macrophages have a higher tolerance toward ROS. Our data suggest that it is indispensable to consider cell (line)-intrinsic properties when studying phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinj Sultanli
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marco Binder
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Gutiérrez-Wong JR, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI. First report of acaricidal efficacy from plumbagin on larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus resistant to conventional acaricides. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108632. [PMID: 37832775 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The problem of resistance to acaricides in ticks such as Rhipicephalus microplus and R. sanguineus has motivated the search for control alternatives, such as the use of extracts and secondary metabolites from plants. Plumbagin is a natural product present in plants such as Plumbago zeylanica L., Diospyros kaki, and D. anisandra, of which acaricidal activity has been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the acaricidal efficacy of plumbagin on larvae of R. microplus and R. sanguineus resistant to conventional acaricides. Larvae from engorged female ticks, collected from naturally infested dairy cattle and domiciled dogs, in Yucatan, Mexico, were used. The larval packet test and the larval immersion test were performed to detect acaricide susceptibility. Both tick populations were detected as resistant to cypermethrin and amitraz. Then, the modified larval immersion test was used and plumbagin was evaluated at concentrations of 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.125% (%w/v), obtaining a mortality of 100% in the four concentrations for both tick species. Subsequently, lower doses of plumbagin were evaluated at concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.03125%, 0.015625% and 0.0078125%, obtaining mortalities of 100 to 36.26% for R. microplus and 100%-5.33% for R. sanguineus. Using Probit analysis, lethal concentrations at 50% (LC50), 99% (LC99) and confidence intervals at 95% (CI95%) were calculated. R. microplus showed a LC50 of 0.011% (CI95%: 0.010-0.011) and LC99 of 0.019% (CI95%: 0.018-0.022). R. sanguineus presented a LC50 of 0.017% (CI95%: 0.015-0.018) and CL99 of 0.031% (CI95%: 0.027-0.036). It was concluded that plumbagin has high acaricidal efficacy against larvae of R. microplus and R. sanguineus resistant to amitraz and cypermethrin. R. microplus larvae were significantly more susceptible to LC50 and LC99 compared to R. sanguineus. This is the first report on the acaricidal efficacy of plumbagin on larvae of R. microplus and R. sanguineus resistant to conventional acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gutiérrez-Wong
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J A Rosado-Aguilar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - R I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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11
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Wang J, Wang D, Si G. Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine compound preparation combined with routine treatment in vitiligo: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35327. [PMID: 37832097 PMCID: PMC10578774 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Treating vitiligo in clinical practice is challenging. Furthermore, oral drugs used in Western medicine have considerable side effects and are unsuitable for long-term treatment. In contrast, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are more suitable for long-term oral vitiligo treatment, but medical evidence of their efficacy and safety is lacking. Therefore, in this study, the efficacy and safety of CPMs were evaluated and ranked using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. METHODS Seven Chinese and English databases were searched for all relevant articles published up to February 2023. The Bayesian network meta-analysis method was used to analyze the extracted data to evaluate efficacy and safety. RESULTS Six common CPMs for treating vitiligo were selected in our study, and 48 targeted articles and 4446 patients were included. This study showed that Qubai Babuqi tablets (QT) were the most effective for short-term treatment of vitiligo, and that vitiligo capsules or pills (VCP) were the most effective for long-term treatment, together with compound Quchong Banjiuju pills (QP). In terms of surface area under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values, the order of efficacy of each treatment was as follows: QT (92.18%) > Taohong Qingxue pills (TP) (63.81%) > VCP (55.53%) > QP (50.72%) > Bailing tablets or capsules (BTC) (49.01%) > Baishi pills (BP) (35.69%)>routine therapy (RT) (3.1%) in terms of total effective rate and QT (92.05%) > VCP (71.50%) > QP (66.60%) > TP (42.95%) > BTC (39.66%) > BP (36.60%)>RT (0.6%) in terms of improvement rate. In addition, the safety of the 6 CPMs did not significantly differ in terms of adverse effects. The SUCRA values indicated that QT performed slightly worse than other drugs. DISCUSSION In treating vitiligo, QT is most effective but only suitable for short-term administration owing to its poor safety. VCP and QP could be used as first-choice long-term medications. TP may positively affect repigmentation in patients with limited lesion areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- Jining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Guomin Si
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Orfanoudaki M, Smith EA, Hill NT, Garman KA, Brownell I, Copp BR, Grkovic T, Henrich CJ. An Investigation of Structure-Activity Relationships and Cell Death Mechanisms of the Marine Alkaloids Discorhabdins in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:474. [PMID: 37755087 PMCID: PMC10532587 DOI: 10.3390/md21090474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of naturally occurring and semi-synthetic discorhabdins was assessed for their effects on Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cell viability. The set included five new natural products and semi-synthetic compounds whose structures were elucidated with NMR, HRMS, and ECD techniques. Several discorhabdins averaged sub-micromolar potency against the MCC cell lines tested and most of the active compounds showed selectivity towards virus-positive MCC cell lines. An investigation of structure-activity relationships resulted in an expanded understanding of the crucial structural features of the discorhabdin scaffold. Mechanistic cell death assays suggested that discorhabdins, unlike many other MCC-active small molecules, do not induce apoptosis, as shown by the lack of caspase activation, annexin V staining, and response to caspase inhibition. Similarly, discorhabdin treatment failed to increase MCC intracellular calcium and ROS levels. In contrast, the rapid loss of cellular reducing potential and mitochondrial membrane potential suggested that discorhabdins induce mitochondrial dysfunction leading to non-apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Orfanoudaki
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.O.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.O.); (E.A.S.)
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Natasha T. Hill
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20891, USA; (N.T.H.); (K.A.G.); (I.B.)
| | - Khalid A. Garman
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20891, USA; (N.T.H.); (K.A.G.); (I.B.)
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20891, USA; (N.T.H.); (K.A.G.); (I.B.)
| | - Brent R. Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Tanja Grkovic
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.O.); (E.A.S.)
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Curtis J. Henrich
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.O.); (E.A.S.)
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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13
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Santra I, Ghosh B. Sustainable production of plumbagin via meta-topolin-mediated high frequency regeneration of genetically true-to-type Plumbago zeylanica L. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:225. [PMID: 37304405 PMCID: PMC10247922 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumbago zeylanica L. is commonly known as chitrak, consumed since long time owing to its potent medicinal benefits. It is a major source of the yellow crystalline naphthoquinone called plumbagin, which is highly acclaimed for its anticancerous activities on different cancers i.e. prostrate, breast, ovarian, etc. The growing urges for this compound make this plant extremely demanding in the global market; hence, the plant is indiscriminately harvested from its very natural habitat. Therefore, in vitro biomass production of this plant can be a sustainable alternative for plumbagin production. In this present study, it has been found that, compared to other cytokinins, biomass production was enhanced by using aromatic cytokinin meta-topolin (mT). The highest shoot buds produced by mT (1 mg/l) was 13.60 ± 1.14 after 14 d of culture establishment. After 84 d in the same medium, 129.8 ± 2.71 shoots were produced, and the fresh weight of the total biomass was 19.72 ± 0.65 g. The highest number of roots was induced (37.80 ± 0.84) with 1.0 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The well rooted plantlets were acclimatized in field condition with 87%survival. The regenerated plants' genetic fidelity was accessed through molecular markers i.e. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), Start codon targeted (SCoT) and cytology studies. The monomorphic bands amplified by the primers across in vivo and in vitro plants confer the genetic homogeneity of the regenerants. The plumbagin content from different parts of the in vitro grown plants in vivo mother plant was quantified through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and found that they do not differ significantly. Even all parts of the in vitro plants produce plumbagin, roots contain the maximum amount (14.67 ± 0.24 mg/g dry weight basis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Santra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
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Ibrahim MY, Hashim NM, Omer FAA, Abubakar MS, Mohammed HA, Salama SM, Jayash SN. Potential Antitumor Effect of α-Mangostin against Rat Mammary Gland Tumors Induced by LA7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10283. [PMID: 37373429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the chemotherapeutic effect of α-mangostin (AM) was assessed in rats injected with LA7 cells. Rats received AM orally at 30 and 60 mg/kg twice a week for 4 weeks. Cancer biomarkers such as CEA and CA 15-3 were significantly lower in AM-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations showed that AM protects the rat mammary gland from the carcinogenic effects of LA7 cells. Interestingly, AM decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes when compared to the control. Immunohistochemistry results of the untreated rats showed abundant PCNA and fewer p53-positive cells than AM-treated rats. Using the TUNEL test, AM-treated animals had higher apoptotic cell numbers than those untreated. This report revealed that that AM lessened oxidative stress, suppressed proliferation, and minimized LA7-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, the current study suggests that AM has significant potential for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Salisu Abubakar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840212, Nigeria
| | | | - Suzy Munir Salama
- Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage Center, Ghibaish College of Science and Technology, Sinja 25511, Sudan
| | - Soher Nagi Jayash
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
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Petrocelli G, Marrazzo P, Bonsi L, Facchin F, Alviano F, Canaider S. Plumbagin, a Natural Compound with Several Biological Effects and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1303. [PMID: 37374085 DOI: 10.3390/life13061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants are well known for their antioxidant properties and anti-cancer effects. Many of these bioactive compounds or natural products have demonstrated effects against inflammation, while some showed a role that is only approximately described as anti-inflammatory. In particular, naphthoquinones are naturally-occurring compounds with different pharmacological activities and allow easy scaffold modification for drug design approaches. Among this class of compounds, Plumbagin, a plant-derived product, has shown interesting counteracting effects in many inflammation models. However, scientific knowledge about the beneficial effect of Plumbagin should be comprehensively reported before candidating this natural molecule into a future drug against specific human diseases. In this review, the most relevant mechanisms in which Plumbagin plays a role in the process of inflammation were summarized. Other relevant bioactive effects were reviewed to provide a complete and compact scenario of Plumbagin's potential therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Silvia Canaider
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
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Peres RB, Batista MM, Bérenger ALR, Camillo FDC, Figueiredo MR, Soeiro MDNC. Antiparasitic Activity of Plumbago auriculata Extracts and Its Naphthoquinone Plumbagin against Trypanosoma cruzi. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051535. [PMID: 37242777 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi affects more than six million people worldwide. Treatment is restricted to benznidazole (Bz) and nifurtimox (Nf) that display low activity in the later chronic stage besides triggering toxic events that result in treatment abandonment. Therefore, new therapeutic options are necessary. In this scenario, natural products emerge as promising alternatives to treat CD. In the family Plumbaginaceae, Plumbago sp. exhibits a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. Thus, our main objective was to evaluate, in vitro and in silico, the biological effect of crude extracts of root and of aerial parts of P. auriculata, as well as its naphthoquinone Plumbagin (Pb) against T. cruzi. The phenotypic assays revealed potent activity of the root extract against different forms (trypomastigote and intracellular forms) and strains (Y and Tulahuen), with a compound concentration that reduced 50% of the number of the parasite (EC50) values ranging from 1.9 to 3.9 µg/mL. In silico analysis showed that Pb is predicted to have good oral absorption and permeability in Caco2 cells, besides excellent probability of absorption by human intestinal cells, without toxic or mutagenic potential effects, not being predicted as a substrate or inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. Pb was as potent as Bz against intracellular forms and displayed a superior trypanosomicidal effect (about 10-fold) in bloodstream forms (EC50 = 0.8 µM) as compared to the reference drug (8.5 µM). The cellular targets of Pb on T. cruzi were evaluated using electron microscopy assays and the findings on bloodstream trypomastigotes showed several cellular insults related to the autophagic process. Regarding toxicity in mammalian cells, the root extracts and the naphthoquinone present a moderate toxic profile on fibroblasts and cardiac cell lines. Then, aiming to reduce host toxicity, the root extract and Pb were tested in combination with Bz, and the data showed additive profiles with the sum of the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (ΣFICIs) being 1.45 and 0.87, respectively. Thus, our work reveals the promising antiparasitic activity of Plumbago auriculata crude extracts and its purified naphthoquinone Plumbagin against different forms and strains of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza Brandão Peres
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Marcos Meuser Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Rangel Bérenger
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde-TecBio/LDFito, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Flávia da Cunha Camillo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde-TecBio/LDFito, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Maria Raquel Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde-TecBio/LDFito, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil
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17
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Wójciak M, Feldo M, Stolarczyk P, Płachno BJ. Biological Potential of Carnivorous Plants from Nepenthales. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083639. [PMID: 37110873 PMCID: PMC10146735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Charles Darwin and his book carnivorous plants have aroused interest and heated debate. In addition, there is growing interest in this group of plants as a source of secondary metabolites and in the application of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to trace the recent literature in search of the application of extracts obtained from families Droseraceae, Nepenthaceae, and Drosophyllaceae to show their biological potential. The data collected in the review clearly indicate that the studied Nepenthales species have great biological potential in terms of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer use. We proposed that further investigations should include: (i) bioactivity-guided investigations of crude plant extract to connect a particular type of action with a specific compound or a group of metabolites; (ii) a search for new bioactive properties of carnivorous plants; (iii) establishment of molecular mechanisms associated with specific activity. Furthermore, further research should be extended to include less explored species, i.e., Drosophyllum lusitanicum and especially Aldrovanda vesiculosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Liu H, Zhang W, Jin L, Liu S, Liang L, Wei Y. Plumbagin Exhibits Genotoxicity and Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest via ROS-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Activation of ATM-p53 Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076279. [PMID: 37047251 PMCID: PMC10094147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, PLB), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone mainly isolated from the plant Plumbago zeylanica L., has been proven to possess anticancer activities towards multiple types of cancer. Although there has been an increasing amount of research regarding its anticancer effects, the association between oxidative stress, genotoxicity and the cell cycle arrest induced by PLB still remains unclear. Therefore, it is important to investigate their potential connections and the involvement of DNA damage and the ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM)-p53 signaling pathway in PLB’s anticancer mechanism. The present study showed that PLB exposure significantly reduced HCC cell viability and colony formation. In addition, PLB-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and DNA damage was detected, which could be almost blocked by NAC pretreatment. PLB could trigger a DNA damage response by activating cell cycle checkpoints such as ATM, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and p53. Meanwhile, the key modulator of the G2/M transition factor, Cell Division Cycle 25C (cdc25C), was significantly downregulated in an ROS-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment with ATM and p53 inhibitors (KU55933 and Pifithrin-α) could reduce the occurrence of G2/M cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the activation of the ATM-p53 pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that ROS-mediated oxidative stress plays a key role in PLB-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest mediated by the ATM-p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530024, China; (H.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Preventive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530024, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Science, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Lijie Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Preventive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530024, China
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Preventive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530024, China
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Liying Liang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530024, China; (H.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Preventive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530024, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Preventive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530024, China
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
- Correspondence:
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Lin CL, Yu CI, Lee TH, Chuang JMJ, Han KF, Lin CS, Huang WP, Chen JYF, Chen CY, Lin MY, Lee CH. Plumbagin induces the apoptosis of drug-resistant oral cancer in vitro and in vivo through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154655. [PMID: 36689858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is widely used in the treatment of oral cancer, but its clinical efficacy is limited by drug resistance. Hence, novel compounds capable of overcoming drug-resistance are urgently needed. PURPOSE Plumbagin (PG), a natural compound isolated from Plumbago zeylanica L, has been used to treat various cancers. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of PG on drug-resistant oral cancer (CR-SAS) cells, as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS MTT assays were used to evaluate the effect of PG on the viability of CR-SAS cells. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the cells were determined using flow cytometry. Protein expression levels were detected by western blotting. RESULTS The results show that PG reduces the viability and causes the apoptosis of CR-SAS cells. PG is able to induce intracellular and mitochondrial ROS generation that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was triggered in PG-treated CR-SAS cells. The inhibition of ROS using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abrogated the PG-induced ER stress and apoptosis, as well as the reduction in cell viability. Meanwhile, similar results were observed both in zebrafish and in murine models of drug-resistant oral cancer. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PG induces the apoptosis of CR-SAS cells via the ROS-mediated ER stress pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. It will be interesting to develop the natural compound PG for the treatment of drug-resistant oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Lin
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831301, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802635, Taiwan
| | - Chung-I Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736402, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jimmy Ming-Jung Chuang
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Fen Han
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 736302, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831301, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Lin
- Community Health Promotion Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ci-Jin Hospital, Kaohsiung 805004, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan.
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Rapid generation of homogenous tumor spheroid microtissues in a scaffold-free platform for high-throughput screening of a novel combination nanomedicine. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282064. [PMID: 36800370 PMCID: PMC9937506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination nanomedicine is a potent strategy for cancer treatment. Exploiting different mechanisms of action, a novel triple drug delivery system of 5-fluorouracil, curcumin, and piperine co-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs) was developed via the self-assembly method for suppressing breast tumor. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs were successfully encapsulated in the HSA NPs with a high drug loading efficiency (DLE) of 10%. Successful clinical translation of nanomedicines, however, is a challenging process requiring considerable preclinical in vitro and in vivo animal tests. The aim of this study was to develop a homemade preclinical 3D culture model in the standard 96-well plates in a cost and time-effective novel approach for the rapid generation of homogenous compact tumor spheroids for disease modeling, and anticancer therapeutic/nanomedicine screening. The knowledge of drug screening can be enhanced by employing such a model in a high-throughput manner. Accordingly, to validate the formulated drug delivery system and investigate the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity effect of the nanoformulation, 3D tumor spheroids were employed. The practicality of the nanomedicine system was substantiated in different tests. The in vitro uptake of the NPs into the tight 3D tumor spheroids was facilitated by the semi-spherical shape of the NPs with a proper size and surface charge. 5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs demonstrated high potency of migration inhibition as a part of successful anti-metastatic therapy as well. The remarkable differences in 2D and 3D cytotoxicities emphasize the importance of employing 3D tumor models as an intermediate step prior to in vivo animal experiments for drug/nanomedicine screening.
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Plumbagin Enhances the Anticancer Effects of PF Chemotherapy via Downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K Pathway in Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:8306514. [PMID: 36814557 PMCID: PMC9940972 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8306514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (PF) is used as the standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (also called preoperative chemotherapy) in the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Although PF chemotherapy reduces the distant metastasis of TSCC, the five-year survival rate has not significantly improved. In recent years, components considered in traditional Chinese medicine have been researched as adjuvant drugs for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Plumbagin (PB) is a quinone component isolated from Plumbago zeylanica L. Notably, PB demonstrates numerous anticancer properties. In order to examine the chemosensitization effect of PB on PF and its associated mechanisms, in vitro experiments using TSCC Cal27 and cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant Cal27/CDDP cells were carried out in the present study, and the results were subsequently verified using nude mice xenografts. Results of the present study demonstrated that PB enhanced the anticancer effects of PF on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Cal27 and Cal27/CDDP cells. Cell cycle assays demonstrated that both Cal27 and Cal27/CDDP cells were arrested in the S phase following the combined treatment of PF and PB. Moreover, the PF and PB combination group induced higher levels of apoptosis in Cal27 and Cal27/CDDP cells compared with the group treated with PF alone. In addition, the results of the present study demonstrated that combined PB and PF inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in TSCC cells. Moreover, the weight and volumes of tumors in nude mice were reduced following treatment with a combination of PF and PB. Results of the present study also demonstrated that the expression levels of Ki67 were markedly reduced in the combined treatment group compared with the group treated with PF alone. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrated that PB enhanced the PF sensitivity of TSCC through induction of S-phase arrest and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway.
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22
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Mukherjee S, Sawant AV, Prassanawar SS, Panda D. Copper-Plumbagin Complex Produces Potent Anticancer Effects by Depolymerizing Microtubules and Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Damage. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3221-3235. [PMID: 36713695 PMCID: PMC9878539 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have synthesized a copper complex of plumbagin (Cu-PLN) and investigated its antiproliferative activities in different cancer cells. The crystal structure of Cu-PLN showed that the complex was square planar with a binding stoichiometry of 1:2 (Cu/Plumbagin). Cu-PLN inhibited the proliferation of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human breast cancer (MCF-7), and murine melanoma (B16F10) cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.85 ± 0.05, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Plumbagin inhibited the proliferation of HeLa, MCF-7, and B16F10 cells with IC50 of 7 ± 0.1, 8.2 ± 0.2, and 6.2 ± 0.4 μM, respectively, showing that Cu-PLN is a stronger antiproliferative agent than plumbagin. Interestingly, Cu-PLN showed much stronger toxicity against breast carcinoma and skin melanoma cells than noncancerous breast epithelial and skin fibroblast cells, indicating its specific cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. A short exposure of Cu-PLN triggered microtubule disassembly in cultured cancer cells, and the complex also inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin much more strongly than plumbagin. Furthermore, Cu-PLN inhibited the binding of colchicine to tubulin. In addition to microtubule depolymerization, the antiproliferative mechanism of Cu-PLN involved induction of reactive oxygen species, reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects of Cu-PLN reduced significantly in cells pre-treated with N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting that reactive oxygen species generation is crucial in Cu-PLN's mode of action. Thus, the complexation of plumbagin with copper yields a promising antitumor agent having a stronger antiproliferative activity than cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Mukherjee
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avishkar V. Sawant
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shweta S. Prassanawar
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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23
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Ye Y, Ma Y, Kong M, Wang Z, Sun K, Li F. Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on DNA Damage in Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:761-775. [PMID: 36562548 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2157024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the prevention and treatment of cancer have garnered considerable scientific attention. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are highly toxic and associated with substantial side effects; therefore, there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutic agents. Dietary phytochemicals are important in tumor prevention and treatment because of their low toxicity and side effects at low concentrations; however, their exact mechanisms of action remain obscure. DNA damage is mainly caused by physical or chemical factors in the environment, such as ultraviolet light, alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species that cause changes in the DNA structure of cells. Several phytochemicals have been shown inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors by inducing DNA damage. This article reviews the advances in phytochemical research; particularly regarding the mechanisms related to DNA damage and provide a theoretical basis for future chemoprophylaxis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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24
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Gul S, Maqbool MF, Maryam A, Khan M, Shakir HA, Irfan M, Ara C, Li Y, Ma T. Vitamin K: A novel cancer chemosensitizer. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2641-2657. [PMID: 34993998 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidences are growing rapidly and causing millions of deaths globally. Cancer treatment is one of the most exigent challenges. Drug resistance is a natural phenomenon and is considered one of the major obstacles in the successful treatment of cancer by chemotherapy. Combination therapy by the amalgamation of various anticancer drugs has suggested modulating tumor response by targeting various signaling pathways in a synergistic or additive manner. Vitamin K is an essential nutrient and has recently been investigated as a potential anticancer agent. The combination of vitamin K analogs, such as vitamins K1, K2, K3, and K5, with other chemotherapeutic drugs have demonstrated a safe, cost-effective, and most efficient way to overcome drug resistance and improved the outcomes of prevailing chemotherapy. Published reports have shown that vitamin K in combination therapy improved the efficacy of clinical drugs by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and overcoming drug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein. In this review, we discuss the mechanism, cellular targets, and possible ways to develop vitamin K subtypes into effective cancer chemosensitizers. Finally, this review will provide a scientific basis for exploiting vitamin K as a potential agent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Gul
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Maqbool
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amara Maryam
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdullah Shakir
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Chaman Ara
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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25
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Naeem A, Hu P, Yang M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zheng Q. Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238367. [PMID: 36500466 PMCID: PMC9737905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are currently being investigated as potential cytotoxic agents and have shown a positive trend in preclinical research and have prompted numerous innovative strategies in order to combat cancer and expedite the clinical research. Natural products are becoming increasingly important for drug discovery due to their high molecular diversity and novel biofunctionality. Furthermore, natural products can provide superior efficacy and safety due to their unique molecular properties. The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the emergence of natural products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, such as chemosensitizers, immunotherapeutics, combinatorial therapies with other anticancer drugs, novel formulations of natural products, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Shohag S, Ahmed L, Supti FA, Rauf A, Aljohani AM, Al Abdulmonem W, Khalil AA, Sharma R, Thiruvengadam M. Naphthoquinones and derivatives as potential anticancer agents: An updated review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110198. [PMID: 36179774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One of the leading global causes of death is cancer; even though several treatment methods have improved survival rates, the incidence and fatality rates remain high. Naphthoquinones are a type of quinone that is found in nature and has vital biological roles. These chemicals have anticancer (antineoplastic), analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antifungal, antiviral, antitrypanosomal, antischistosomal, leishmanicidal, and anti-ulcerative effects. Direct addition of a substituent group to the 1,4-naphthoquinone ring can alter the naphthoquinone's oxidation/reduction and acid/base characteristics, and the activity can be altered. Because of their pharmacological properties, such as anticancer activity and probable therapeutic application, naphthoquinones have greatly interested the scientific community. Some chemicals having a quinone ring in malignant cells have been found to have antiproliferative effects. Naphthoquinones' deadly impact is connected with the inhibition of electron transporters, the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, the creation of ROS, and the formation of protein adducts, notably with -SH enzyme groups. This review article aims to discuss naphthoquinones and their derivatives, which act against cancer and their future perspectives. This review covers several studies highlighting the potent anticancer properties of naphthoquinones. Further, various proposed mechanisms of anticancer actions of naphthoquinones have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Mirpur 12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Limon Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - AbdullahS M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore-Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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27
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Evodiamine as an anticancer agent: a comprehensive review on its therapeutic application, pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and metabolism in various cancers. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:1-31. [PMID: 36138312 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine is a major alkaloid component found in the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa. It shows the anti-proliferative potential against a wide range of cancers by suppressing cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Evodiamine shows its anticancer potential by modulating aberrant signaling pathways. Additionally, the review focuses on several therapeutic implications of evodiamine, such as epigenetic modification, cancer stem cells, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Moreover, combinatory drug therapeutics along with evodiamine enhances the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in various cancers by overcoming the chemo resistance and radio resistance shown by cancer cells. It has been widely used in preclinical trials in animal models, exhibiting very negligible side effects against normal cells and effective against cancer cells. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics-based collaborations of evodiamine are also included. Due to its poor bioavailability, synthetic analogs of evodiamine and its nano capsule have been formulated to enhance its bioavailability and reduce toxicity. In addition, this review summarizes the ongoing research on the mechanisms behind the antitumor potential of evodiamine, which proposes an exciting future for such interests in cancer biology.
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Synthesis of thia-Michael-Type Adducts between Naphthoquinones and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine and Their Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175645. [PMID: 36080409 PMCID: PMC9457610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of naphthoquinones, namely, 1,4-naphthoquinone, menadione, plumbagin, juglone, naphthazarin, and lawsone, were reacted with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and except for lawsone, which did not react, the related adducts were obtained. After the tuning of the solvent and reaction conditions, the reaction products were isolated as almost pure from the complex reaction mixture via simple filtration and were fully characterized. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether the antitumor activity of new compounds of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives leads to an increase in ROS in tumor cell lines of cervical carcinoma (HeLa), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and osteosarcoma (SaOS2, U2OS) and in normal dermal fibroblast (HDFa). The MTT assay was used to assay cell viability, the DCF-DA fluorescent probe to evaluate ROS induction, and cell-cycle analysis to measure the antiproliferative effect. Compounds 8, 9, and 12 showed a certain degree of cytotoxicity towards all the malignant cell lines tested, while compound 11 showed biological activity at higher IC50 values. Compounds 8 and 11 induced increases in ROS generation after 1 h of exposure, while after 48 h of treatment, only 8 induced an increase in ROS formation in HeLa cells. Cell-cycle analysis showed that compound 8 caused an increase in the number of G0/G1-phase cells in the HeLa experiment, while for the U2OS and SH-SY5Y cell lines, it led to an accumulation of S-phase cells. Therefore, these novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives may be useful as antitumoral agents in the treatment of different cancers.
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29
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Lin ES, Huang CY. Cytotoxic Activities and the Allantoinase Inhibitory Effect of the Leaf Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Nepenthes miranda. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11172265. [PMID: 36079647 PMCID: PMC9460348 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthes are carnivorous pitcher plants that have several ethnobotanical uses, such as curing stomachache and fever. Here, we prepared different extracts from the stem, leaf, and pitcher of Nepenthes miranda to further investigate their pharmacological potential. The leaf extract of N. miranda obtained by 100% acetone (N. miranda-leaf-acetone) was used in this study to analyze the cytotoxic activities, antioxidation capacity, antibacterial activity, and allantoinase (ALLase) inhibitory effect of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of N. miranda-leaf-acetone on the survival, apoptosis, and migration of the cancer cell lines PC-9 pulmonary adenocarcinoma, B16F10 melanoma, and 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells were demonstrated. Based on collective data, the cytotoxic activities of N. miranda-leaf-acetone followed the order: B16F10 > 4T1 > PC-9 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of N. miranda-leaf-acetone were synergistically enhanced when co-acting with the clinical anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. N. miranda-leaf-acetone could also inhibit the activity of ALLase, a key enzyme in the catabolism pathway for purine degradation. Through gas chromatography−mass spectrometry, the 16 most abundant ingredients in N. miranda-leaf-acetone were identified. The top six compounds in N. miranda-leaf-acetone, namely, plumbagin, lupenone, palmitic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, neophytadiene, and citraconic anhydride, were docked to ALLase, and their docking scores were compared. The docking results suggested plumbagin and stigmast-5-en-3-ol as potential inhibitors of ALLase. Overall, these results may indicate the pharmacological potential of N. miranda for further medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 403, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Labbozzetta M, Poma P, Occhipinti C, Sajeva M, Notarbartolo M. Antitumor Effect of Glandora rosmarinifolia (Boraginaceae) Essential Oil through Inhibition of the Activity of the Topo II Enzyme in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134203. [PMID: 35807446 PMCID: PMC9268258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that the antitumor and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts of Glandora rosmarinifolia appears to involve a pro-oxidant mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Its most abundant compound is a hydroxy-methyl-naphthoquinone isomer. Important pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic activities, are attributed to naphthoquinones, probably due to their pro-oxidant or electrophilic potential; for some naphthoquinones, a mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibition has been reported, in which they appear to act both as catalytic inhibitors and as topoisomerase II poisons. Our aim was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil on an acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 and on its multidrug-resistant (MDR) variant HL-60R and verify its ability to interfere with topoisomerase II activity. MTS assay showed that G. rosmarinifolia EO induced a decrease in tumor cell viability equivalent in the two cell lines; this antitumor effect could depend on the pro-oxidant activity of EO in both cell lines. Furthermore, G. rosmarinifolia EO reduced the activity of Topo II in the nuclear extracts of HL-60 and HL-60R cells, as inferred from the inability to convert the kinetoplast DNA into the decatenated form and then not inducing linear kDNA. Confirming this result, flow cytometric analysis proved that EO induced a G0-G1 phase arrest, with cell reduction in the S-phase. In addition, the combination of EO with etoposide showed a good potentiation effect in terms of cytotoxicity in both cell lines. Our results highlight the antitumor activity of EO in the HL-60 cell line and its MDR variant with a peculiar mechanism as a Topo II modulator. Unlike etoposide, EO does not cause stabilization of a covalent Topo II-DNA intermediate but acts as a catalytic inhibitor. These data make G. rosmarinifolia EO a potential anticancer drug candidate due to its cytotoxic action, which is not affected by multidrug resistance.
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Valente PM, Valente VMM, Silva MC, dos Reis LB, Silva FD, Praça-Fontes MM. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of Dionaea muscipula Ellis extracts and its major compound against Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Shen J, Li J, Yu P, Du G. Research Status and Hotspots of Anticancer Natural Products Based on the Patent Literature and Scientific Articles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903239. [PMID: 35784720 PMCID: PMC9247190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The patent literature contains a large amount of information on the internal state of current industrial technologies that are not available in other literature studies. Scientific articles are the direct achievements of theoretical research in this field and can reveal how current theories in basic research have developed. In this study, the progress and status of natural anticancer products in this field were summarized, and the research hotspots were explored through the analysis of the relevant patent literature and scientific articles. Methods: Patent data were retrieved from the incoPat patent retrieval database, and paper data were retrieved from the Web of Science core set and PubMed. GraphPad Prism 8, Microsoft Excel 2010, and CiteSpace 5.8.R3 were used to perform visual processing. The analyzed patent literature includes the patent applicant type, country (or region), and technical subject. The analyzed scientific article includes academic groups, subject areas, keyword clustering, and burst detection. Results: A total of 20,435 patent families and 38,746 articles were collected by 4 January 2022. At present, antitumor drugs derived from natural products mainly include 1) apoptosis inducers such as curcumin, gallic acid, resveratrol, Theranekron D6, and gaillardin; 2) topoisomerase inhibitors such as camptothecins, scaffold-hopped flavones, podophyllotoxin, oxocrebanine, and evodiamine derivatives; 3) telomerase inhibitors such as camptothecin and isoquinoline alkaloids of Chelidonium majus, amentoflavone, and emodin; 4) microtubule inhibitors such as kolaflavanone, tanshinone IIA analog, eugenol, and millepachine; 5) immunomodulators such as fucoidan, myricetin, bergapten, and atractylenolide I; 6) tumor microenvironment regulators such as beta-escin and icaritin; 7) multidrug resistance reversal agents such as berberine, quercetin, and dihydromyricetin; and 8) antiangiogenic and antimetastatic agents such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, lupeol, ononin, and saikosaponin A. Conclusion: Anticancer natural product technology was introduced earlier, but the later development momentum was insufficient. In addition, scientific research activities are relatively closed, and technical exchanges need to be strengthened. Currently, the development of medicinal plants and the research on the anticancer mechanism of natural active products are still research hotspots, especially those related to immune checkpoints, essential oils, and metastatic cancer. Theories of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as "restraining excessiveness to acquire harmony," "same treatment for different diseases," "Meridian induction theory," and "Fuzheng Quxie," have important guiding significance to the research of anticancer mechanisms and the development of new drugs and can provide new ideas for this process. Systematic Review Registration: [https://sourceforge.net/projects/citespace/], identifier [000755430500001].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiahuan Li
- *Correspondence: Jiahuan Li, ; Gangjun Du,
| | | | - Gangjun Du
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Production of bioactive compounds from callus of Pueraria thomsonii Benth with promising cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Xu L, Zhou Y, Niu S, Liu Z, Zou Y, Yang Y, Feng H, Liu D, Niu X, Deng X, Wang Y, Wang J. A novel inhibitor of monooxygenase reversed the activity of tetracyclines against tet(X3)/tet(X4)-positive bacteria. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103943. [PMID: 35306337 PMCID: PMC8933826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tigecycline is one of the few last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection, the incidence of which has been rapidly increasing. However, the emergence and spread of tigecycline resistance genes tet(X) (including tet(X3) and tet(X4)) has largely compromised the efficient usage of tetracyclines in the clinical settings. METHODS The synergistic effect was determined by a checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, a time-killing assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In-depth mechanisms were defined using an enzyme inhibition assay, western blotting, RT-PCR analysis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay and metabolomics analysis. FINDINGS Herein, our work identified a natural compound, plumbagin, as an effective broad-spectrum inhibitor of Tet(X) (also known as monooxygenase) by simultaneously inhibiting the activity and the production of Tet(X3)/Tet(X4). Plumbagin in combination with tetracyclines showed a synergistic bactericidal effect against Tet(X3)/Tet(X4)-producing bacteria. Mechanistic studies revealed that direct engagement of plumbagin with the catalytic pocket of Tet(X3)/Tet(X4) induced an alternation in its secondary structure to inhibit the activity of these monooxygenases. As a consequence, monotherapy or combination therapy with plumbagin increases the oxidative stress and metabolism in bacteria. Moreover, in a mouse systemic infection model of tet(X4)-positive E. coli, the combination of plumbagin and methacycline exhibited remarkable treatment benefits, as shown by a reduced bacterial load and the alleviation of pathological injury. INTERPRETATION Plumbagin, as an inhibitor of Tet(X3)/Tet(X4), represents a promising lead drug, as well as an adjunct with tetracyclines to treat bacterial infections, especially for extensively drug-resistant bacteria harbouring Tet(X3)/Tet(X4). FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sen Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinuo Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Sirri V, Berthelet J, Brookes O, Roussel P. Naphthoquinone-induced arylation inhibits Sirtuin 7 activity. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274815. [PMID: 35319066 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural or synthetic naphthoquinones have been identified as interfering with biological systems and in particular exhibiting anticancer properties. As redox cyclers, they may first generate in cells reactive oxygen species and second, as electrophiles, they may react with nucleophiles, mainly thiols, and form covalent adducts. To further decipher the molecular mechanism of action of naphthoquinones in human cells, we have mainly analysed their effects in HeLa cells. First, we have demonstrated that menadione and plumbagin inhibit the nucleolar NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 7 in vitro. As assessed by their inhibitions of rDNA transcription, pre-rRNA processing and formation of etoposide-induced 53BP1 foci, menadione and plumbagin inhibit also Sirtuin 7 catalytic activity in vivo. Second, we have established that in experimental conditions in which the sulfhydryl arylation by menadione or plumbagin is prevented by the thiol reducing agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the inhibition of Sirtuin 7 catalytic activity is also prevented. Finally, we discuss here how inhibition of Sirtuin 7 might be critical in determining menadione or plumbagin as anti-tumor agents that can be used in combination in anti-tumoral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sirri
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251, CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251, CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Brookes
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251, CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Roussel
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251, CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France
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Sun S, Zhang Y, Xu W, Yang R, Yang Y, Guo J, Ma Q, Ma K, Zhang J, Xu J. Plumbagin reduction by thioredoxin reductase 1 possesses synergy effects with GLUT1 inhibitor on KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112546. [PMID: 34954641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1 or TXNRD1) is a major enzyme in cellular redox regulation and is considered as a drug target for cancer therapy. Previous studies have reported that plumbagin caused reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis via inhibiting TrxR1 activity or being reduced by TrxR1, leading to selectively cancer cell death. However, the mechanism of TrxR1-mediated redox cycling of plumbagin is obscure and the evidence for plumbagin targeting TrxR1 is still lacking. Herein, we demonstrated that TrxR1 catalyzed plumbagin reduction in both selenocysteine (Sec)-dependent and independent manners, and its activity relied on the intact N-terminal motif of TrxR1, but a high-efficiency reduction was supported by the C-terminal thiols. During the redox cycling of plumbagin, excessive ROS production was observed coupled with oxygen. Using LC-MS and TrxR1 mutants, we found that the Sec residue of TrxR1 was modified by plumbagin, which converted the enzyme from antioxidant to pro-oxidant. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of plumbagin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and found that Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-mutant NSCLC cells, which possess constitutive nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activity, were insensitive to plumbagin; however, inhibition of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) by small-molecule BAY-876 or inhibiting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) by 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) overcame the plumbagin-resistance of KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells. Taken together, this study elucidated the pharmacological mechanism of plumbagin by targeting TrxR1 and revealed the synergy effect of plumbagin and BAY-876, which may be helpful for applying naphthoquinone compounds to chemotherapy, particularly for treating KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Sun
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology (OST) & Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of MOE, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yijia Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jianli Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kun Ma
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
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Yadav AM, Bagade MM, Ghumnani S, Raman S, Saha B, Kubatzky KF, Ashma R. The phytochemical plumbagin reciprocally modulates osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Biol Chem 2021; 403:211-229. [PMID: 34882360 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is essential for maintaining bone mineral density and bone strength through a balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Bone formation is associated with osteoblast activity whereas bone resorption is linked to osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblast progenitors give rise to the formation of mature osteoblasts whereas monocytes are the precursors for multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Chronic inflammation, auto-inflammation, hormonal changes or adiposity have the potential to disturb the balance between bone formation and bone loss. Several plant-derived components are described to modulate bone metabolism and alleviate osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The plant-derived naphthoquinone plumbagin is a bioactive compound that can be isolated from the roots of the Plumbago genus. It has been used as traditional medicine for treating infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and dermatological diseases. Reportedly, plumbagin exerts its biological activities primarily through induction of reactive oxygen species and triggers osteoblast-mediated bone formation. It is plausible that plumbagin's reciprocal actions - inhibiting or inducing death in osteoclasts but promoting survival or growth of osteoblasts - are a function of the synergy with bone-metabolizing hormones calcitonin, Parathormone and vitamin D. Herein, we develop a framework for plausible molecular modus operandi of plumbagin in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash M Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manali M Bagade
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soni Ghumnani
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujatha Raman
- Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (CCIH), Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences (ISHS), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Center for Cell Science, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richa Ashma
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
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Wang B, Yang L, Liu T, Xun J, Zhuo Y, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang X. Hydroxytyrosol Inhibits MDSCs and Promotes M1 Macrophages in Mice With Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759172. [PMID: 34858184 PMCID: PMC8632498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer is mainly due to its complex immunosuppressive microenvironment. The Mediterranean diet contributes to low cancer incidence. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) derived from olive oil has multiple health-promoting effects, but its therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of HT on mouse pancreatic cancer, and the effect of HT on the immune microenvironment. We found that HT can inhibit the proliferation of Panc 02 cells through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3/Cyclin D1 signaling pathway. In the tumor-bearing mice treated with HT, the orthotopic pancreatic tumors were suppressed, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and an increase in the proportion of M1 macrophages. In addition, we found that HT inhibited the expression of immunosuppressive molecules in bone marrow (BM)-derived MDSCs, as well as down-regulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and phosphorylation of STAT3. Moreover, HT enhanced the anti-tumor effect of anti-CD47 antibody in vivo. HT combined with plumbagin (PLB) induced more Panc 02 cells death than HT or PLB alone. This combination therapy not only inhibited the accumulation of MDSCs, but also promoted the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumors. In summary, HT is a potential immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,The Clinical Research Center of Tianjin for Treating Acute Abdominal Diseases with Integrated Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Jitapunkul K, Toochinda P, Lawtrakul L. Molecular Dynamic Simulation Analysis on the Inclusion Complexation of Plumbagin with β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives in Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226784. [PMID: 34833875 PMCID: PMC8622708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable encapsulation of medically active compounds can lead to longer storage life and facilitate the slow-release mechanism. In this work, the dynamic and molecular interactions between plumbagin molecule with β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and its two derivatives, which are dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD), and 2-O-monohydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) were investigated. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) with GLYCAM-06 and AMBER force fields were used to simulate the inclusion complex systems under storage temperature (4 °C) in an aqueous solution. The simulation results suggested that HPBCD is the best encapsulation agent to produce stable host-guest binding with plumbagin. Moreover, the observation of the plumbagin dynamic inside the binding cavity revealed that it tends to orient the methyl group toward the wider rim of HPBCD. Therefore, HPBCD is a decent candidate for the preservation of plumbagin with a promising longer storage life and presents the opportunity to facilitate the slow-release mechanism.
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Tiwari R, Kumar A, Solanki P, Dhobi M, Sundaresan V, Kalaiselvan V, Raghuvanshi RS. Analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) guided development of a robust HPLC method for the quantification of plumbagin from Plumbago species. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1973027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Tiwari
- Phytopharmaceuticals Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Phytopharmaceuticals Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pavitra Solanki
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
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Plumbagin Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via Downregulating ATM. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:8239984. [PMID: 34484337 PMCID: PMC8416389 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8239984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether plumbagin (PL) could sensitize ionizing radiation (IR) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells and its possible mechanisms. Cell proliferation and combination index analysis was based on MTT and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis after the treatment of PL and/or IR. RT-PCR was used to examine the gene expression level of ataxia telangiegatasiata muted (ATM) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) after various treatment groups. Western blot was used to examine the protein level of ATM and NF-κB as well as their phosphorylation level. PL enhances the cytotoxicity of IR in TSCC cells. Combination index was <1 which represents a synergistic effect. Combined PL and IR promoted G2/M arrest and apoptosis which could be reversed by ATM activator chloroquine phosphate. ATM and NF-κB were both inhibited by PL and IR combination. PL can efficiently enhance the radiosensitivity of TSCC cells by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis via downregulating ATM.
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Yue L, Jiang N, Wu A, Qiu W, Shen X, Qin D, Li H, Lin J, Liang S, Wu J. Plumbagin can potently enhance the activity of xanthine oxidase: in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:45. [PMID: 34274011 PMCID: PMC8286619 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormally elevated xanthine oxidase (XO) activity has been verified to cause various pathological processes, such as gout, oxidative stress injury and metabolic syndrome. Thus, XO activators may exhibit above potential toxicological properties. Plumbagin (PLB) is an important active compound in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), while its obvious toxic effects have been reported, including diarrhea, skin rashes and hepatic toxicity. However, the potential toxicity associated with enhancement of XO activity has not been fully illuminated so far. Methods The present study investigated the effect of PLB on XO activity by culturing mouse liver S9 (MLS9), human liver S9 (HLS9), XO monoenzyme system with PLB and xanthine. Then, the molecular docking and biolayer interferometry analysis were adopted to study the binding properties between PLB and XO. Finally, the in vivo acceleration effect also investigated by injected intraperitoneally PLB to KM mice for 3 days. Results PLB could obviously accelerate xanthine oxidation in the above three incubation systems. Both the Vmax values and intrinsic clearance values (CLint, Vmax/Km) of XO in the three incubation systems increased along with elevated PLB concentration. In addition, the molecular docking study and label-free biolayer interferometry assay displayed that PLB was well bound to XO. In addition, the in vivo results showed that PLB (2 and 10 mg/kg) significantly increased serum uric acid levels and enhanced serum XO activity in mice. Conclusion In summary, this study outlines a potential source of toxicity for PLB due to the powerful enhancement of XO activity, which may provide the crucial reminding for the PLB-containing preparation development and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqiao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Smith EA, Hill NT, Gelb T, Garman KA, Goncharova EI, Bokesch HR, Kim CK, Wendt KL, Cichewicz RH, Gustafson KR, Brownell I, Henrich CJ. Identification of natural product modulators of Merkel cell carcinoma cell growth and survival. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13597. [PMID: 34193920 PMCID: PMC8245553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, but aggressive skin cancer the incidence of which has increased significantly in recent years. The majority of MCCs have incorporated Merkel cell polyomavirus (VP-MCC) while the remainder are virus-negative (VN-MCC). Although a variety of therapeutic options have shown promise in treating MCC, there remains a need for additional therapeutics as well as probes for better understanding MCC. A high-throughput screening campaign was used to assess the ability of > 25,000 synthetic and natural product compounds as well as > 20,000 natural product extracts to affect growth and survival of VN-MCC and VP-MCC cell lines. Sixteen active compounds were identified that have mechanisms of action reported in the literature along with a number of compounds with unknown mechanisms. Screening results with pure compounds suggest a range of potential targets for MCC including DNA damage, inhibition of DNA or protein synthesis, reactive oxygen species, and proteasome inhibition as well as NFκB inhibition while also suggesting the importance of zinc and/or copper binding. Many of the active compounds, particularly some of the natural products, have multiple reported targets suggesting that this strategy might be a particularly fruitful approach. Processing of several active natural product extracts resulted in the identification of additional MCC-active compounds. Based on these results, further investigations focused on natural products sources, particularly of fungal origin, are expected to yield further potentially useful modulators of MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Smith
- Molecular Targets Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Natasha T Hill
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20891, USA
| | - Tara Gelb
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20891, USA
| | - Khalid A Garman
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20891, USA
| | - Ekaterina I Goncharova
- Molecular Targets Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Heidi R Bokesch
- Molecular Targets Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chang-Kwon Kim
- Molecular Targets Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Karen L Wendt
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Robert H Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kirk R Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20891, USA
| | - Curtis J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Guan HH, Huang YH, Lin ES, Chen CJ, Huang CY. Plumbagin, a Natural Product with Potent Anticancer Activities, Binds to and Inhibits Dihydroorotase, a Key Enzyme in Pyrimidine Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6861. [PMID: 34202294 PMCID: PMC8267945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroorotase (DHOase) is the third enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis pathway for pyrimidine nucleotides, and an attractive target for potential anticancer chemotherapy. By screening plant extracts and performing GC-MS analysis, we identified and characterized that the potent anticancer drug plumbagin (PLU), isolated from the carnivorous plant Nepenthes miranda, was a competitive inhibitor of DHOase. We also solved the complexed crystal structure of yeast DHOase with PLU (PDB entry 7CA1), to determine the binding interactions and investigate the binding modes. Mutational and structural analyses indicated the binding of PLU to DHOase through loop-in mode, and this dynamic loop may serve as a drug target. PLU exhibited cytotoxicity on the survival, migration, and proliferation of 4T1 cells and induced apoptosis. These results provide structural insights that may facilitate the development of new inhibitors targeting DHOase, for further clinical anticancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hsiang Guan
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec.1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
| | - En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, No. 193, Sec.1, San-Min Rd., Taichung City 403, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec.1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec.1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Lei Y, Li Y, Tan Y, Qian Z, Zhou Q, Jia D, Sun Q. Novel Mechanistic Observations and NES-Binding Groove Features Revealed by the CRM1 Inhibitors Plumbagin and Oridonin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1478-1488. [PMID: 33890470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The protein chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is an important nuclear export factor and drug target in diseases such as cancer and viral infections. Several plant-derived CRM1 inhibitors including plumbagin and oridonin possess potent antitumor activities. However, their modes of CRM1 inhibition remain unclear. Here, a multimutant CRM1 was engineered to enable crystallization of these two small molecules in its NES groove. Plumbagin and oridonin share the same three conjugation sites in CRM1. In solution, these two inhibitors targeted more CRM1 sites and inhibited its activity through promoting its aggregation, in addition to directly targeting the NES groove. While the plumbagin-bound NES groove resembles the NES-bound groove state, the oridonin complex reveals for the first time a more open NES groove. The observed greater NES groove dynamics may improve cargo loading through a "capture-and-tighten" mechanism. This work thus provides new insights on the mechanism of CRM1 inhibition by two natural products and a structural basis for further development of these or other CRM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Tan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Plumbagin Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Induced by FGF-2. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101547. [PMID: 33964605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a serious ophthalmic disease and characterized by the formation of proliferative membranes by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In PVR, the contraction and traction of the fibrocellular membranes cause retinal detachment, which can cause reduction surgery for retinal detachment to fail. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) causes RPE cells to form extracellular matrix (ECM), promotes chemotaxis, mitosis, and positively promotes the disease process of PVR. Plumbagin (PLB) is a plant small molecule naphthoquinone compound. It has the functions in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, inhibit proliferation. We tried to investigate the possible effects of PLB on the biological behavior of ARPE-19 cells induced by FGF-2 and its underlying mechanisms. Our study confirmed that proliferation, migration, and invasion of ARPE-19 cells induced by FGF-2 (10 ng/ml) were significantly inhibited by PLB. PLB also significantly inhibits the expression of MMP-2/-9, collagen I Alpha 1 (Col1A1), collagen IV Alpha 1 (Col4A1), collagen VI Alpha 1 (Col6A1), and the phosphorylation of FGF receptor (FGFR)-1, FGFR-2, ERK, p38, JNK of FGF-2-induced ARPE-19 cells. In summary, PLB inhibits FGF-2-stimulated proliferation, migration, and invasion of ARPE-19 cells, which may take place through inhibiting the expression of MMP-2/-9, Col1A1, Col4A1, Col6A1, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. PLB may have a preventive effect on proliferation, migration, and invasion of FGF-2-induced ARPE-19 cells.
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Plumbagin-Loaded Glycerosome Gel as Topical Delivery System for Skin Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060923. [PMID: 33802819 PMCID: PMC8002493 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLM) is a phytochemical which has shown cytotoxicity against of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical application of PLM has been hindered due to poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to develop, optimize and evaluate PLM-loaded glycerosome (GM) gel and compare with conventional liposome (CL) for therapeutic efficacy against skin cancer. The GM formulations were optimized by employing design expert software by 3-level 3-factor design. The prepared GMs were characterized in vitro for vesicle size, size distribution, zeta potential, vesicle deformability, drug release, skin permeation, retention, texture, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. The optimized formulation showed a vesicle size of 119.20 ± 15.67 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.145 ± 0.02, the zeta potential of −27 ± 5.12 mV and entrapment efficiency of 76.42 ± 9.98%. The optimized PLM-loaded GM formulation was transformed into a pre-formed gel which was prepared using Carbopol 934 polymer. The drug diffusion fluxes of CL gel and GM-loaded gel were 23.31 ± 6.0 and 79.43 ± 12.43 µg/cm2/h, respectively. The result of texture analysis revealed the adequate hardness, cohesiveness, consistency, and viscosity of the developed GM-loaded gel compared to CL gel. The confocal images showed that glycerosomal gel has deeper skin layer penetration as compared to the control solution. GM-loaded gel treated rat skin showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher drug accumulation in the dermis, higher cytotoxicity and higher antioxidant activity as compared to CL gel and PLM suspension. Thus, findings revealed that novel GM-loaded gel could be potential carriers for therapeutic intervention in skin cancer.
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Differential Roles of a Family of Flavodoxin-Like Proteins That Promote Resistance to Quinone-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Candida albicans. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00670-20. [PMID: 33468576 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00670-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans within a mammalian host relies on its ability to resist oxidative stress. The four flavodoxin-like proteins (Pst1, Pst2, Pst3, and Ycp4) that reside on the inner surface of the C. albicans plasma membrane represent a recently discovered antioxidant mechanism that is essential for virulence. Flavodoxin-like proteins combat oxidative stress by promoting a two-electron reduction of quinone molecules, which prevents the formation of toxic semiquinone radicals. Previous studies indicated that Pst3 played a major role in promoting resistance to the small quinone molecules p-benzoquinone and menadione. Analysis of additional quinones confirmed this role for Pst3. To better define their function, antibodies were raised against each of the four flavodoxin-like proteins and used to quantify protein levels. Interestingly, the basal level of flavodoxin-like proteins differed, with Pst3 and Ycp4 being the most abundant. However, after induction with p-benzoquinone, Pst1 and Pst3 were the most highly induced, resulting in Pst3 becoming the most abundant. Constitutive expression of the flavodoxin-like protein genes from a TDH3 promoter resulted in similar protein levels and showed that Pst1 and Pst3 were better at protecting C. albicans against p-benzoquinone than Pst2 or Ycp4. In contrast, Pst1 and Ycp4 provided better protection against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Thus, both the functional properties and the relative abundance contribute to the distinct roles of the flavodoxin-like proteins in resisting oxidative stress. These results further define how C. albicans combats the host immune response and survives in an environment rich in oxidative stress.
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Plumbagin, a Biomolecule with (Anti)Osteoclastic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052779. [PMID: 33803472 PMCID: PMC7967158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin is a plant-derived naphthoquinone that is widely used in traditional Asian medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Additionally, plumbagin is cytotoxic for cancer cells due to its ability to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and subsequent apoptosis. Since it was reported that plumbagin may inhibit the differentiation of bone resorbing osteoclasts in cancer-related models, we wanted to elucidate whether plumbagin interferes with cytokine-induced osteoclastogenesis. Using C57BL/6 mice, we unexpectedly found that plumbagin treatment enhanced osteoclast formation and that this effect was most pronounced when cells were pre-treated for 24 h with plumbagin before subsequent M-CSF/RANKL stimulation. Plumbagin caused a fast induction of NFATc1 signalling and mTOR-dependent activation of p70S6 kinase which resulted in the initiation of protein translation. In line with this finding, we observed an increase in RANK surface expression after Plumbagin stimulation that enhanced the responsiveness for subsequent RANKL treatment. However, in Balb/c mice and Balb/c-derived RAW264.7 macrophages, these findings could not be corroborated and osteoclastogenesis was inhibited. Our results suggest that the effects of plumbagin depend on the model system used and can therefore either trigger or inhibit osteoclast formation.
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Xue D, Zhou X, Qiu J. Cytotoxicity mechanisms of plumbagin in drug-resistant tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:98-109. [PMID: 33791802 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of plumbagin (PLB) against drug-resistant tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and whether its antitumour effect is not affected by tumour drug resistance. METHODS TSCC sensitive CAL27 cells and drug-resistant CAL27/RE cells were used to study the cytotoxicity and mechanism of PLB in vitro, including CCK-8 analysis, colony formation, DAPI staining, flow cytometry assay, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting assay, autophagy, apoptosis and ROS fluorescent probes. BALB/c nude mice xenograft models were used to study the growth inhibitory effect of PLB in vivo. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the cell viability and proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction abilities of PLB on drug-resistant cells were more obvious than that on sensitive cells. And PLB induced protective autophagy in TSCC cells. Mechanistically, PLB induced apoptosis and autophagy by generating reactive oxygen species to mediate JNK and AKT/mTOR pathways. Finally, the growth inhibitory effect of PLB against drug-resistant TSCC was also confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PLB will be a promising anticancer agent to overcome drug-resistant TSCC without being affected by its drug resistance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiongming Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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