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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ji X, Cai Y. Mercury contents and potential exposure risk of rice-containing food products. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:683-690. [PMID: 39095199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), especially methylmercury (MeHg), accumulation in rice grain due to rice paddy possessing conditions conducive to Hg methylation has led to human Hg exposure through consumption of rice-based daily meals. In addition to being a food staple, rice is widely used as a raw material to produce a vast variety of processed food products. Little is known about Hg levels in snacking rice-food products and potential Hg exposure from consumption of them, besides previous studies on infant rice cereals. Aiming to provide complementary information for a more complete assessment on Hg exposure risk originated from Hg-containing rice, this study determined total Hg (THg) and MeHg levels in 195 rice-containing and rice-free processed food products covering all major types of snack foods marketed in China and the estimated daily intake (EDI) of dietary Hg from the consumption of these foods. The results clearly showed THg and MeHg contents in rice-containing foods were significantly higher than rice-free products, suggesting the transfer of Hg and MeHg from the rice to the end products, even after manufacturing processes. Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between THg, MeHg, or MeHg/THg ratio and rice content for samples containing multiple grains as ingredients, further indicating the deciding role of rice for Hg levels in the end food products. Although the EDI of THg and MeHg via rice-based food products were relatively low compared to the reference dose, it should be considered these snacking food products would contribute additive Hg intake outside of the daily regular meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ji
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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2
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Du Z, Tian Z, Yin Y, Wei J, Mu Y, Cai J, Song Z, Cen K. Bioavailability-based risk assessment of various heavy metals via multi-exposure routes for children and teenagers in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114985-115002. [PMID: 37878177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the health risks of sensitive population, such as children and teenagers, through multiple exposure routes (MERs) such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact is critical for policy creation that protects or reduces exposure to pollutants for all populations. Heavy metal (HM) contents in food and environmental media in Beijing, capital of China, were collected. Furthermore, on the basis of considering the bioavailability of HMs, we evaluated the multiple environmental routes and health risks to HMs in children and teenagers of eight age groups (2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<9, 9-<12, 12-<15, and 15-<18) in Beijing, China by Monte Carlo simulation approach. The main findings are as follows: lead exposure in children aged 2-<3 years exceeds the exposure dose (0.3 μg·kg-1·d-1) of 0.5 point reduction in intelligence quotient. Moreover, children aged 2-<3 and 6-<9 years have relatively high non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) of 1.32 and 1.30, respectively. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for children aged 6-<9 and 9-<12 years is 2.73×10-6 and 2.39×10-6, respectively. Specifically, the contributions of oral ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation to the NCR were 69.5%, 18.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. Moreover, the combined NCR contributions of copper, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic (As) were about 69.4%. The contributions of the above three routes to the CR were 93.4%, 4.1%, and 2.5%, in that order, with the largest CR contribution of As being about 92.0%. This study can provide new ideas for accurately assessing the exposure and health risks of HMs in the population, and we believe that it is necessary to update the national standards for food and soil based on the bioavailability of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Du
- Baoding University of Technology, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zuguang Tian
- Baoding Productivity Promotion Center, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yelan Yin
- No. 4 Drilling Engineering Branch Company, CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Hejian, 062400, Hebei, China
| | - Junxiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yue Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianjun Cai
- School of Architecture and Traffic, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zefeng Song
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Kuang Cen
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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3
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Wu Z, Li P, Dong H, Feng X. Mercury and selenium co-ingestion assessment via rice consumption using an in-vitro method: Bioaccessibility and interactions. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113027. [PMID: 37316027 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) was reported to accumulate in rice grains, and, together with the selenium (Se) was found in rice, the co-exposure of Hg-Se via rice consumption may present significant health effects to human. This research collected rice samples containing high Hg:high Se and high Se:low Hg concentrations from high Hg and high Se background areas. The physiologically based extraction test (PBET) in vitro digestion model was utilized to obtain bioaccessibility data from samples. The results showed relatively low bioaccessible for Hg (<60%) and Se (<25%) in both rice sample groups, and no statistically significant antagonism was identified. However, the correlations of Hg and Se bioaccessibility showed an inverse pattern for the two sample groups. A negative correlation was detected in the high Se background rice group and a positive correlation in the high Hg background group, suggesting various micro forms of Hg and Se in rice from different planting locations. In addition, when the benefit-risk value (BRV) was calculated, some "fake" positive results showed while Hg and Se concentrations were directly used, which indicated that bioaccessibility should not be neglected in benefit-risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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4
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Wu Z, Li P, Feng X. Assessing the factors impacting the bioaccessibility of mercury (Hg) in rice consumption by an in-vitro method. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 119:119-129. [PMID: 35934457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) in rice is drawing mounting concern since methylmercury (MeHg) was found capable of accumulating in rice. In-vitro bioaccessibility is a feasible and reliable method to assess the health effects of Hg in rice and has been utilized in a number of studies. This study was done to investigate the impact of cultivar, planting location, and cooking on the total mercury (THg) and MeHg bioaccessibility of rice, for which multiple statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the significance of their effects. The THg concentrations of rice samples taken from non-Hg contaminated areas of China were all below 15 ng/g and their MeHg concentrations were below 2 ng/g. Cooking could significantly reduce the MeHg bioaccessibility of rice because the MeHg was mainly combined with protein and the protein will be denatured during the cooking process, and then the denatured MeHg is difficult to be dissolved into the liquid phase. Indica- and japonica-type rice cultivars did not show significant differentiation in either the concentration of Hg or its bioaccessibility. However, the glutinous rice type differed significantly from the above rice types, and it showed greater bioaccessibility of THg and MeHg due to its distinct protein contents and starch properties. Planting location can affect the Hg concentration in rice and THg bioaccessibility but has a limited impact on MeHg bioaccessibility. Based on these results, two macro factors (rice cultivar, planting location) are presumed to impact Hg bioaccessibility by how they affect micro factors (i.e., Hg forms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
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Collado-López S, Betanzos-Robledo L, Téllez-Rojo MM, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Reyes M, Ríos C, Cantoral A. Heavy Metals in Unprocessed or Minimally Processed Foods Consumed by Humans Worldwide: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148651. [PMID: 35886506 PMCID: PMC9319294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HM) can be accumulated along the food chain; their presence in food is a global concern for human health because some of them are toxic even at low concentrations. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods are good sources of different nutrients, so their safety and quality composition should be guaranteed in the most natural form that is obtained for human consumption. The objective of this scoping review (ScR) is to summarize the existing evidence about the presence of HM content (arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), and aluminum (Al)) in unprocessed or minimally processed foods for human consumption worldwide during the period of 2011–2020. As a second objective, we identified reported HM values in food with respect to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Food Standards for Maximum Limits (MLs) for contaminants in food. This ScR was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR); advance searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect and FAO AGRIS (Agricultural Science and Technology Information) databases by two reviewers who independently performed literature searches with specific eligibility criteria. We classified individual foods in food groups and subgroups according to the Global Individual Information Food Consumption Data Tool (FAO/WHO GIFT). We homologated all the reported HM units to parts per million (ppm) to determine the weighted mean HM concentration per country and food group/subgroup of the articles included. Then, we compared HM concentration findings with FAO/WHO MLs. Finally, we used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to present our findings. Using our search strategy, we included 152 articles. Asia was the continent with the highest number of publications (n = 79, 51.3%), with China being the country with the largest number of studies (n = 34). Fish and shellfish (n = 58), followed by vegetables (n = 39) and cereals (n = 38), were the food groups studied the most. Fish (n = 42), rice (n = 33), and leafy (n = 28) and fruiting vegetables (n = 29) were the most studied food subgroups. With respect to the HM of interest, Cd was the most analyzed, followed by Pb, As, Hg and Al. Finally, we found that many of the HM concentrations reported exceeded the FAO/OMS MLs established for Cd, Pb and As globally in all food groups, mainly in vegetables, followed by the roots and tubers, and cereals food groups. Our study highlights the presence of HM in the most natural forms of food around the world, in concentrations that, in fact, exceed the MLs, which affects food safety and could represent a human health risk. In countries with regulations on these topics, a monitoring system is recommended to evaluate and monitor compliance with national standards. For countries without a regulation system, it is recommended to adopt international guidelines, such as those of FAO, and implement a monitoring system that supervises national compliance. In both cases, the information must be disseminated to the population to create social awareness. This is especially important to protect the population from the consumption of internal production and for the international markets of the globalized world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Collado-López
- School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Larissa Betanzos-Robledo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (L.B.-R.); (M.M.T.-R.)
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (L.B.-R.); (M.M.T.-R.)
| | - Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa
- Department of Perinatal Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Moisés Reyes
- Economics Department and GEOLab-IBERO, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City 01219, Mexico;
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Neurochemistry Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, México City 01219, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Mei L, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhou X, Zhong Z, Li H, Li Y, Li X, Daud MK, Chen J, Zhu S. Mercury-Induced Phytotoxicity and Responses in Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedlings. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081494. [PMID: 34451539 PMCID: PMC8398479 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cotton is a potential and excellent candidate to balance both agricultural production and remediation of mercury-contained soil, as its main production fiber hardly involves into food chains. However, in cotton, there is known rarely about the tolerance and response to mercury (Hg) environments. In this study, the biochemical and physiological damages, in response to Hg concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 µM), were investigated in upland cotton seedlings. The results on germination of cottonseeds indicated the germination rates were suppressed by high Hg levels, as the decrease of percentage was more than 10% at 1000 µM Hg. Shoots and roots' growth were significantly inhibited over 10 µM Hg. The inhibitor rates (IR) in fresh weight were close in values between shoots and roots, whereas those in dry weight the root growth were more obviously influenced by Hg. In comparison of organs, the growth inhibition ranked as root > leaf > stem. The declining of translocation factor (TF) opposed the Hg level as even low to 0.05 at 50 µM Hg. The assimilation in terms of photosynthesis, of cotton plants, was affected negatively by Hg, as evidenced from the performances on pigments (chlorophyll a and b) and gas exchange (Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), CO2 assimilation rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs)). Sick phenotypes on leaf surface included small white zone, shrinking and necrosis. Membrane lipid peroxidation and leakage were Hg dose-dependent as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity (RC) values in leaves and roots. More than 10 µM Hg damaged antioxidant enzyme system in both leaves and roots (p < 0.05). Concludingly, 10 µM Hg post negative consequences to upland cotton plants in growth, physiology and biochemistry, whereas high phytotoxicity and damage appeared at more than 50 µM Hg concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mei
- Institution of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (J.C.)
- Enshi Tujia & Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yueyi Zhu
- Institution of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- The Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Institution of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhentao Zhong
- Institution of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Huazu Li
- Institution of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Yingjun Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Khan Daud
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Institution of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Shuijin Zhu
- Institution of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (S.Z.)
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7
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A novel carbonothioate-based benzothiazole fluorescent probe for trace detection of mercury (II) in real water samples. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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8
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Content of Toxic Elements in 12 Groups of Rice Products Available on Polish Market: Human Health Risk Assessment. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121906. [PMID: 33419259 PMCID: PMC7766770 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rice is one of the most commonly consumed grains. It could be a good source of nutrients in a diet, but its consumption could also contribute to exposure to toxic elements. All rice products available on the Polish market are imported, which may pose a particular concern as to the safety of their consumption. The aim of our study was to estimate the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in rice products and to assess the health risk indicators related to exposure to toxic elements consumed with rice products among the adult population in Poland. Methods: A total of 99 samples from 12 groups of rice products (basmati, black, brown, parboiled, red, wild, white rice and expanded rice, rice flakes, flour, pasta, and waffles) available in the Polish market were obtained. The content of Hg was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). To measure As, Cd, and Pb, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. The health risk was assessed by calculating several indicators. Results: The average As, Cd, Pb, and Hg contents in all studied products were 123.5 ± 77.1 μg/kg, 25.7 ± 26.5 μg/kg, 37.5 ± 29.3 μg/kg, and 2.8 ± 2.6 μg/kg, respectively. Exceedance of the limit established by the Polish National Food Safety Standard was observed in one sample as regards the As content and exceedance of the European Commission standard in two samples for Hg. The samples of foods imported from European markets (n = 27) had statistically higher As content (p < 0.05) than those imported from Asian countries (n = 53). The values of health risk indicators did not show an increased risk for the Polish adult population. However, the daily intake of 55 g of rice corresponds to the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for Pb. Conclusion: The studied rice products could be regarded as safe for consumption by the Polish population as far as the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg is concerned.
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9
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Health risk assessment and bioaccessibility of toxic elements in edible and medicinal plants under different consumption methods. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Wu X, Li Y, Yang S, Tian H, Sun B. A dual-site fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of mercury(II). Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Deng M, Zhu Y, Shao K, Zhang Q, Ye G, Shen J. Metals source apportionment in farmland soil and the prediction of metal transfer in the soil-rice-human chain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110092. [PMID: 31941630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is facing serious heavy metal pollution in farmland soil, which is a major pressing concern for food safety and human health. This research delivers an integrated methodology for pollution source apportionment and a soil-rice-human model to predict heavy metal transfer in the farmland soil, rice grain and human blood chain. The source identification integrated positive matrix factorization (PMF), cluster analysis (CA) and the life cycle assessment (LCA) survey of agricultural and industrial production and consumption. Based on the case analysis of Shaoxing, this method showed very good performance through the illustration of the source contributions by PMF and LCA at county level and the identification of the pollution sources using CA and LCA at field scale. According to the overall evaluation, the integrated method was superior for the farmland metals pollution source identification comparing to existing source apportionment methods. To predict metal transformation in soil-rice-human chain, a set of models of metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr) accumulation ability in rice grain and human blood has been established by literature review and monitoring data. The models showed adequate predictability for the metal content of rice grains at both the field and regional scale, and plausible simulation of the metal concentration in human blood throughout the whole study region. Therefore, this study provides valuable tools for farmland soil heavy metal pollution source identification and for the prediction of heavy metal transformation in soil-rice-human chain; and it can highlight the need to take mitigating action to reduce farmland metal pollution risks in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China.
| | - Youwei Zhu
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Kan Shao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Guohua Ye
- Shaoxing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Shaoxing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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12
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Xu X, Han J, Pang J, Wang X, Lin Y, Wang Y, Qiu G. Methylmercury and inorganic mercury in Chinese commercial rice: Implications for overestimated human exposure and health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113706. [PMID: 31864929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest rice producer and consumer in the world, and mercury (Hg) levels, particularly methylmercury (MeHg), in rice and health exposure risks are public concerns. Total Hg (THg) and MeHg levels in 767 (domestic = 709 and abroad = 58) Chinese commercial rice were investigated to evaluate Hg pollution level, dietary exposures and risks of IHg and MeHg. The mean rice THg and MeHg levels were 3.97 ± 2.33 μg/kg and 1.37 ± 1.18 μg/kg, respectively. The highest daily intake of MeHg and IHg were obtained in younger groups, accounted for 6% of the reference dose-0.1 μg/kg bw/day for MeHg, 0.3% of the provisional tolerance week intake-0.571 μg/kg bw/day for IHg. Residents in Central China and Southern China meet the highest rice Hg exposure, which were more than 7 times of those in Northwest China. Lower concentrations than earlier studies were observed along the implementations of strict policies since 2007. This may indicate that a declining temporal trend of Hg in Chinese grown rice and associated exposures could be obtained with the implementations of strict policies. Though there exist Hg pollution in commercial rice, Hg levels in Chinese commercial rice is generally safe compared with Hg polluted sites. Populations dwelling in China have relatively a quite low and safe MeHg and IHg exposure via the intake of commercial rice. Strict policies contributed to the decrease in THg and MeHg levels in Chinese-grown rice. More attention should be paid to younger groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jialiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Pang
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, 0349, Norway
| | - Yajie Wang
- College of Food Safety, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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13
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Wu X, Duan N, Yang S, Tian H, Sun B. Synthesis and Application of a Naphthol‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Mercury(II) Detection. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Ning Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Shaoxiang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
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14
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A dual-mode fluorescent probe for the separate detection of mercury(II) and hydrogen sulfide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Wu X, Li Y, Yang S, Tian H, Sun B. Discriminative detection of mercury (II) and hydrazine using a dual‐function fluorescent probe. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:754-762. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavour ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yanan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavour ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shaoxiang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavour ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavour ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavour ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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16
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Xu X, Han J, Abeysinghe KS, Atapattu AJ, De Silva PMCS, Xu Z, Long S, Qiu G. Dietary exposure assessment of total mercury and methylmercury in commercial rice in Sri Lanka. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124749. [PMID: 31505443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) in rice has attracted growing health concern over the past decade, due to the accumulation of high MeHg levels, which may pose potential health risk to humans. Rice is the staple food in Sri Lanka; nevertheless, the presence of micro pollutants, such as MeHg has been not investigated. Therefore, commercial rice samples from the Sri Lankan market (n = 163) were measured to reveal the total mercury (THg) and MeHg levels. THg (mean: 1.73 ± 0.89 ng/g, range: 0.21-6.13 ng/g) and MeHg concentrations (mean: 0.51 ± 0.37 ng/g; range: 0.03-3.81 ng/g) were low. Compared to the fish MeHg exposure, the rice MeHg exposure was generally lower in different consumption groups, suggesting that rice plays a less role than fish in MeHg exposure in Sri Lanka. Babies (infants and toddlers) at one year old may face fish MeHg exposure (0.17 μg/kg bw/day) higher than the reference dose for MeHg (RfD)-0.1 μg/kg bw/day, which was more than 5 times that of rice MeHg exposure (0.031 μg/kg bw/day). Future studies in Sri Lanka should focus on health impacts under long-term overexposure of MeHg, especially in vulnerable populations. Some diet changes should be made to mitigate MeHg exposure levels in Sri Lankans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jialiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kasun S Abeysinghe
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anjana J Atapattu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China; Agronomy Division, Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, 61150, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Zhidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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