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Li Y, Zhao W, Qian M, Wen Z, Bai W, Zeng X, Wang H, Xian Y, Dong H. Recent advances in the authentication (geographical origins, varieties and aging time) of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium): A review. Food Chem 2024; 442:138531. [PMID: 38271910 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium, CRP) has been steadily increasing worldwide due to its proven health benefits and sensory characteristics. However, the price of CRP varies widely based on its origin, variety, and aging time, which has led many manufacturers to offer inferior products by exploiting the sensory similarity of CRP, seriously undermining consumers' interests. Therefore, it is essential to identify the authenticity of the CRP. In this study, the research progress on the authenticity of CRP from different origins, years and varieties over the past 10 years and the application and prospects of the main technologies and techniques were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used methods were also summarized and compared. Mass spectrometry-based and spectroscopy-based techniques are the most commonly used methods for analyzing CRP authenticity. However, designing fast, non-destructive and green methods for identifying CRP authenticity would be the future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Min Qian
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wen
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yanping Xian
- Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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2
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Rahmani AH, Babiker AY, Anwar S. Hesperidin, a Bioflavonoid in Cancer Therapy: A Review for a Mechanism of Action through the Modulation of Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:5152. [PMID: 37446814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the most frequent causes of death in the world. The current therapeutic options, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy, have various adverse effects on patients' health. In this vista, the bioactive ingredient of natural products plays a vital role in disease management via the inhibition and activation of biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell signaling molecules. Although natural products are not a substitute for medicine, they can be effective adjuvants or a type of supporting therapy. Hesperidin, a flavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits, with its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties, and cardio-preventive factor for disease prevention, is well-known. Furthermore, its anticancer potential has been suggested to be a promising alternative in cancer treatment or management through the modulation of signal transduction pathways, which includes apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, ERK/MAPK, signal transducer, and the activator of transcription and other cell signaling molecules. Moreover, its role in the synergistic effects with anticancer drugs and other natural compounds has been described properly. The present article describes how hesperidin affects various cancers by modulating the various cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Novinbahador T, Araj-Khodaei M, Mahdavi M. Evidence for Hesperidin as an Effective Factor in Initiating the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis in KG1a Leukemia Cells. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:165-171. [PMID: 36534417 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221146468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common subtype of leukemia, accounting for 62% of all leukemia fatalities. As a polyphenol glycoside, hesperidin triggers the apoptotic pathway, which might positively affect combating cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of hesperidin in KG1a cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 of hesperidin in KG1a cell lines. For the apoptotic cell morphology study, we used Hoechst 33 258 staining. Activation of the caspase-3 enzyme was evaluated by the caspase-3 assay and spectrophotometry. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, p21, survivin, Bax, and Bcl2 gene expression was investigated by real-time PCR. Hesperidin decreased the viability of KG1a leukemic cell4s, but not that of HFF2, a non-cancer cell line. Apoptotic cell morphological alterations and increase in caspase-3 activity were observed after hesperidin treatment. Our results revealed that the expression of anti-apoptotic genes survivin and Bcl2 significantly decreased with hesperidin treatment, and pro-apoptotic gene Bax and cell cycle regulator p21 increased compared to the control group. These findings revealed that hesperidin may be an effective factor in initiating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and may be good candidate for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Novinbahador
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 56947University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 56947University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Chen M, Zhu H, Zhu Q, Wu X, Zhou Y, Gao R, Shi M, Zhang T, Yin T, Zhang H, Shang H, Li X. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium alleviates postmyocardial infarction heart failure by upregulating PPARγ expression. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:661-673. [PMID: 35278230 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used in the clinic for centuries. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of CRP in cardiac remodeling and heart failure after MI, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. Male C57BL/6 mice aged 8 weeks were subjected to coronary artery ligation to mimic the clinical situation in vivo. Echocardiography was used to assess the systolic function of the mouse heart. Masson trichrome staining and Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining were utilized to determine the fibrotic area and cross-sectional area of the mouse heart, respectively. Cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal rats aged 0-3 days in vitro using enzyme digestion. TUNEL staining and EdU staining were performed to evaluate apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. Gene expression changes were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and protein expression changes were assessed by Western blotting. Our findings revealed that CRP attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis and alleviated heart failure after MI in vivo. Furthermore, CRP mitigated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. In addition, the PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 completely abolished the abovementioned beneficial effects of CRP, and the PPARγ activator rosiglitazone failed to further ameliorate cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in vitro. CRP alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis and can ameliorate heart failure after MI via activation of PPARγ. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengsha Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Elmeligy S, Hathout RM, Khalifa SA, El-Seedi HR, Farag MA. Pharmaceutical manipulation of citrus flavonoids towards improvement of its bioavailability and stability. A mini review and a meta-analysis study. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Pandey P, Khan F. A mechanistic review of the anticancer potential of hesperidin, a natural flavonoid from citrus fruits. Nutr Res 2021; 92:21-31. [PMID: 34273640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a phytoactive compound, is an abundant and economical dietary bioflavonoid possessing numerous biological and medicinal benefits. Several studies have strongly proven the significant chemotherapeutic potential of hesperidin. Therefore, this review aims to bring together the existing studies demonstrating hesperidin as a potential anticancer agent with its mode of action reported in the therapeutic strategies for numerous cancer types. Hesperidin acts via modulating multiple pathways involving cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic and DNA repair in various cancer cells. Hesperidin has been reported to alter several molecular targets related to carcinogenesis, such as reactive nitrogen species, cellular kinases, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, drug transporters, cell cycle mediators and inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, this review provides significant insights for the potential of hesperidin to be a strong and promising candidate for pharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and geared toward the better management of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India.
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Byun EB, Song HY, Kim WS, Han JM, Seo HS, Park SH, Kim K, Byun EH. Protective Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Macrophages and a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147512. [PMID: 34299130 PMCID: PMC8304288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of most effective chemotherapeutic drugs that is widely used to treat various types of cancer, it can cause undesirable damage in immune cells and normal tissue because of its strong cytotoxicity and non-selectivity. This study was conducted to investigate the cytoprotective effects of Cudrania tricuspidata fruit-derived polysaccharides (CTPS) against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages, lung cancer cell lines, and a mouse model, and to explore the possibility of application of CTPS as a supplement for anticancer therapy. Both cisplatin alone and cisplatin with CTPS induced a significant cytotoxicity in A549 and H460 lung cancer cells, whereas cytotoxicity was suppressed by CTPS in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells. CTPS significantly attenuated the apoptotic and necrotic population, as well as cell penetration in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells, which ultimately inhibited the upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cytosolic cytochrome c, poly (adenosine diphosphateribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and caspases-3, -8, and -9, and the downregulation of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). The CTPS-induced cytoprotective action was mediated with a reduction in reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells. In agreement with the results obtained above, CTPS induced the attenuation of cell damage in cisplatin-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (primary cells). In in vivo studies, CTPS significantly inhibited metastatic colonies and bodyweight loss as well as immunotoxicity in splenic T cells compared to the cisplatin-treated group in lung metastasis-induced mice. Furthermore, CTPS decreased the level of CRE and BUN in serum. In summation, these results suggest that CTPS-induced cytoprotective action may play a role in alleviating the side effects induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea;
| | - Jeong Moo Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Kwangwook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-413-301-481; Fax: +82-413-301-489
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8
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Cheng H, Wu X, Ni G, Wang S, Peng W, Zhang H, Gao J, Li X. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium protects against isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure via activation of PPARγ. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1396. [PMID: 33313141 PMCID: PMC7723657 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulated clinical trials and animal studies showed that Qiliqiangxin (QLQX), a traditional Chinese medicine formula containing extracts of 11 herbs, exerts beneficial effects on chronic heart failure (HF). Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), one herbal medicine in QLQX, has been widely used in treatment against digestive, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in China. However, the cardiac protective effects and mechanisms of CRP are still unclear. Methods The effects of CRP were investigated in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic HF mice model and neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) treated with ISO. Echocardiography was used to determine cardiac function. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and α-actinin immunofluorescent staining were used to measure cardiomyocyte size. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining. The expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic polypeptide (BNP) were determined by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blot was applied to examine the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), fibrosis-related and apoptosis-related proteins. Results We found that CRP could significantly attenuate ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction, inhibit cardiac pathological hypertrophy and alleviate myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis. Mechanistically, the downregulation of PPARγ and PGC-1α in ISO-injected mice hearts and ISO-treated NRVMs could be reversed by CRP treatment. The beneficial effects of CRP against ISO-induced HF were abolished by PPARγ inhibitor (T0070907), suggesting that CRP-mediated PPARγ upregulation was essential for the preventive effect of CRP on ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction. Conclusions In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CRP attenuates ISO-induced cardiac remodeling via PPARγ activation, which represents a new application for CRP in the prevention of chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gehui Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Kodchakorn K, Poovorawan Y, Suwannakarn K, Kongtawelert P. Molecular modelling investigation for drugs and nutraceuticals against protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 101:107717. [PMID: 32861974 PMCID: PMC7434411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread problem of a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) strain outbreak in Wuhan, China has prompted a search for new drugs to protect against and treat this disease. It is necessary to immediately investigate this due to the mutation of the viral genome and there being no current protective vaccines or therapeutic drugs. Molecular modelling and molecular docking based on in silico screening strategies were employed to determine the potential activities of seven HIV protease (HIV-PR) inhibitors, two flu drugs, and eight natural compounds. The computational approach was carried out to discover the structural modes with a high binding affinity for these drugs on the homology structure of the Wuhan coronavirus protease (SARS-CoV-2 PR). From the theoretical calculations, all the drugs and natural compounds demonstrated various favorable binding affinities. An interesting finding was that the natural compounds tested had a higher potential binding activity with the pocket sites of SARS-CoV-2 PR compared to the groups of HIV-PR inhibitors. The binding modes of each complex illustrated between the drugs and compounds interacted with the functional group of amino acids in the binding pocket via hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bond interactions using the molecular dynamics simulation technique. This result supports the idea that existing protease inhibitors and natural compounds could be used to treat the new coronavirus. This report sought to provide fundamental knowledge as preliminary experimental data to propose an existing nutraceutical material against viral infection. Collectively, it is suggested that molecular modelling and molecular docking are suitable tools to search and screen for new drugs and natural compounds that can be used as future treatments for viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchanok Kodchakorn
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kamol Suwannakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Luo X, Wang J, Chen H, Zhou A, Song M, Zhong Q, Chen H, Cao Y. Identification of Flavoanoids From Finger Citron and Evaluation on Their Antioxidative and Antiaging Activities. Front Nutr 2020; 7:584900. [PMID: 33195374 PMCID: PMC7649818 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.584900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle) is a traditional Chinese herb and considered as a healthy food. Flavonoids are the major bioactive substances in Finger citron. In this study, the major flavonoids of finger citron (FFC) were purified with AB-8 macroporous resins, and then three of them were identified as diosmetin-6-8-di-C-glucoside, hesperidin and diosmetin-6-C-glucoside, and other two were preliminarily inferred as limocitrol 3-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1->3)-galactoside and scutellarein 4′-methyl ether 7-glucoside by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Further, their antioxidation and antiaging activities were determined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, chemical assays revealed that the purified FFC had strong antioxidative activity as demonstrated by its strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activities and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity). In vivo, the purified FFC significantly increased the mean and maximum lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by 31.26 and 26.59%, respectively, and showed no side effects on their physiological functions. Under normal and oxidative stress conditions, purified FFC reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, while increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in C. elegans. Together, we successfully identified three major substances in purified FFC of finger citron and determined the excellent antiaging activity of FFC, which is attributed to its strong antioxidative activity and effect on homeostasis of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Haiqiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Khater M, Greco F, Osborn HMI. Antiangiogenic Activity of Flavonoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E4712. [PMID: 33066630 PMCID: PMC7594036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: An imbalance of angiogenesis contributes to many pathologies such as cancer, arthritis and retinopathy, hence molecules that can modulate angiogenesis are of considerable therapeutic importance. Despite many reports on the promising antiangiogenic properties of naturally occurring flavonoids, no flavonoids have progressed to the clinic for this application. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore evaluates the antiangiogenic activities of a wide range of flavonoids and is presented in two sections. The first part of the study (Systematic overview) included 402 articles identified by searching articles published before May 2020 using ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science databases. From this initial search, different classes of flavonoids with antiangiogenic activities, related pathologies and use of in vitro and/or in/ex vivo angiogenesis assays were identified. In the second part (Meta-analysis), 25 studies concerning the antiangiogenic evaluation of flavonoids using the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were included, following a targeted search on articles published prior to June 2020. Meta-analysis of 15 out of the 25 eligible studies showed concentration dependent antiangiogenic activity of six compared subclasses of flavonoids with isoflavones, flavonols and flavones being the most active (64 to 80% reduction of blood vessels at 100 µM). Furthermore, the key structural features required for the antiangiogenic activity of flavonoids were derived from the pooled data in a structure activity relationship (SAR) study. All in all, flavonoids are promising candidates for the development of antiangiogenic agents, however further investigations are needed to determine the key structural features responsible for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Khater
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Francesca Greco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Helen M. I. Osborn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
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Implications for glycosylated compounds and their anti-cancer effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1323-1332. [PMID: 32622770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated compounds are major secondary metabolites of plants, which have various therapeutic effects on human diseases, by acting as anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents. Glycosylation increases stability, bioactivity, and solubility of compounds and improves their pharmacological properties. Two well-known examples of glycosylated compounds include cardiac and flavonoid, the anti-tumor activities of which have been emphasized by several studies. However, little is known about their role in the treatment or prevention of cancer. In this review, recent studies on anti-tumor properties of cardiac and flavonoid glycosides, and their mechanisms of action, have been investigated. More specifically, this review is aimed at focusing on the multifactorial properties of cardiac and flavonoid compounds as well as their correlation with signaling pathways in the treatment of cancer.
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Kong W, Ling X, Chen Y, Wu X, Zhao Z, Wang W, Wang S, Lai G, Yu Z. Hesperetin reverses P‑glycoprotein‑mediated cisplatin resistance in DDP‑resistant human lung cancer cells via modulation of the nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1213-1224. [PMID: 32124932 PMCID: PMC7053858 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Cisplatin (DDP) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of lung cancer; however, the majority of patients develop resistance to DDP. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), also referred to as multidrug resistance (MDR) protein 1, is associated with an MDR phenotype, which results in failure of cancer chemotherapy; thus, identifying effective MDR pump inhibitors may improve the outcomes of patients who develop resistance to treatment. Hesperetin is a derivative of hesperidin, which is extracted from tangerine peel and exhibits multiple antitumor properties. In the present study, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and A549/DDP cells were treated with different concentrations of hesperetin and DDP, respectively. Furthermore, rhodamine 123 efflux assays, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of hesperetin On A549/DDP cells. Additionally, a xenograft model of lung cancer in nude mice was established to explore the effects of hesperetin on A549/DDP cell growth in vivo. The results demonstrated that hesperetin sensitized A549/DDP cells to DDP. In vivo, hesperetin pretreatment significantly inhibited tumor growth. Mechanistically, hesperetin markedly decreased the expression of P-gp and increased the intracellular accumulation of the P-gp substrate, rhodamine 123, in A549/DDP cells. In addition, pretreatment of A549/DDP cells with hesperetin significantly inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) activity and its nuclear translocation. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that hesperetin reversed P-gp-mediated MDR by decreasing P-gp expression in A549/DDP cells, which was associated with inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings may provide the basis for the use of hesperetin clinically to reverse MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencui Kong
- Department of Medical Oncology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R China
| | - Xiaoming Ling
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R China
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R China
| | - Wenwu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R China
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R China
| | - Guoxiang Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R China
| | - Zongyang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R China
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Metabolic engineering probiotic yeast produces 3S, 3′S-astaxanthin to inhibit B16F10 metastasis. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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