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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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2
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Li G, McLaughlin DW, Peskin CS. A biochemical description of postsynaptic plasticity-with timescales ranging from milliseconds to seconds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311709121. [PMID: 38324573 PMCID: PMC10873618 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311709121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity [long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/D)], is a cellular mechanism underlying learning. Two distinct types of early LTP/D (E-LTP/D), acting on very different time scales, have been observed experimentally-spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP), on time scales of tens of ms; and behavioral time scale synaptic plasticity (BTSP), on time scales of seconds. BTSP is a candidate for a mechanism underlying rapid learning of spatial location by place cells. Here, a computational model of the induction of E-LTP/D at a spine head of a synapse of a hippocampal pyramidal neuron is developed. The single-compartment model represents two interacting biochemical pathways for the activation (phosphorylation) of the kinase (CaMKII) with a phosphatase, with ion inflow through channels (NMDAR, CaV1,Na). The biochemical reactions are represented by a deterministic system of differential equations, with a detailed description of the activation of CaMKII that includes the opening of the compact state of CaMKII. This single model captures realistic responses (temporal profiles with the differing timescales) of STDP and BTSP and their asymmetries. The simulations distinguish several mechanisms underlying STDP vs. BTSP, including i) the flow of [Formula: see text] through NMDAR vs. CaV1 channels, and ii) the origin of several time scales in the activation of CaMKII. The model also realizes a priming mechanism for E-LTP that is induced by [Formula: see text] flow through CaV1.3 channels. Once in the spine head, this small additional [Formula: see text] opens the compact state of CaMKII, placing CaMKII ready for subsequent induction of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchun Li
- Courant Institute and Center for Neural Science, Department of Mathematics, New York University, New York, NY10012
| | - David W. McLaughlin
- Courant Institute and Center for Neural Science, Department of Mathematics, New York University, New York, NY10012
- Center for Neural Science, Department of Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY10012
- Institute of Mathematical Science, Mathematics Department, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai200122, China
- Neuroscience Institute of New York University Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY10016
| | - Charles S. Peskin
- Courant Institute and Center for Neural Science, Department of Mathematics, New York University, New York, NY10012
- Center for Neural Science, Department of Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY10012
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3
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Bell MK, Rangamani P. Crosstalk between biochemical signalling network architecture and trafficking governs AMPAR dynamics in synaptic plasticity. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36620889 DOI: 10.1113/jp284029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity involves modification of both biochemical and structural components of neurons. Many studies have revealed that the change in the number density of the glutamatergic receptor AMPAR at the synapse is proportional to synaptic weight update; an increase in AMPAR corresponds to strengthening of synapses while a decrease in AMPAR density weakens synaptic connections. The dynamics of AMPAR are thought to be regulated by upstream signalling, primarily the calcium-CaMKII pathway, trafficking to and from the synapse, and influx from extrasynaptic sources. Previous work in the field of deterministic modelling of CaMKII dynamics has assumed bistable kinetics, while experiments and rule-based modelling have revealed that CaMKII dynamics can be either monostable or ultrasensitive. This raises the following question: how does the choice of model assumptions involving CaMKII dynamics influence AMPAR dynamics at the synapse? To answer this question, we have developed a set of models using compartmental ordinary differential equations to systematically investigate contributions of different signalling and trafficking variations, along with their coupled effects, on AMPAR dynamics at the synaptic site. We find that the properties of the model including network architecture describing different stability features of CaMKII and parameters that capture the endocytosis and exocytosis of AMPAR significantly affect the integration of fast upstream species by slower downstream species. Furthermore, we predict that the model outcome, as determined by bound AMPAR at the synaptic site, depends on (1) the choice of signalling model (bistable CaMKII or monostable CaMKII dynamics), (2) trafficking versus influx contributions and (3) frequency of stimulus. KEY POINTS: The density of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at the postsynaptic density of the synapse provides a readout of synaptic plasticity, which involves crosstalk between complex biochemical signalling networks including CaMKII dynamics and trafficking pathways including exocytosis and endocytosis. Here we build a model that integrates CaMKII dynamics and AMPAR trafficking to explore this crosstalk. We compare different models of CaMKII that result in monostable or bistable kinetics and their impact on AMPAR dynamics. Our results show that AMPAR density depends on the coupling between aspects of biochemical signalling and trafficking. Specifically, assumptions regarding CaMKII dynamics and its stability features can alter AMPAR density at the synapse. Our model also predicts that the kinetics of trafficking versus influx of AMPAR from the extrasynaptic space can further impact AMPAR density. Thus, the contributions of both signalling and trafficking should be considered in computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam K Bell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Cornelius J, Haak S, Rothkegel M, Korte M, Michaelsen-Preusse K. Phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein profilin2a at S137 modulates bidirectional structural plasticity at dendritic spines. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1107380. [PMID: 36875774 PMCID: PMC9975505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Synaptic plasticity requires constant adaptation of functional and structural features at individual synaptic connections. Rapid re-modulation of the synaptic actin cytoskeleton provides the scaffold orchestrating both morphological and functional modifications. A major regulator of actin polymerization not only in neurons but also in various other cell types is the actin-binding protein profilin. While profilin is known to mediate the ADP to ATP exchange at actin monomers through its direct interaction with G-actin, it additionally is able to influence actin dynamics by binding to membrane-bound phospholipids as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) as well as several other proteins containing poly-L-proline motifs including actin modulators like Ena/VASP, WAVE/WASP or formins. Notably, these interactions are proposed to be mediated by a fine-tuned regulation of post-translational phosphorylation of profilin. However, while phosphorylation sites of the ubiquitously expressed isoform profilin1 have been described and analyzed previously, there is still only little known about the phosphorylation of the profilin2a isoform predominantly expressed in neurons. Methods: Here, utilizing a knock-down/knock-in approach, we replaced endogenously expressed profilin2a by (de)phospho-mutants of S137 known to alter actin-, PIP2 and PLP-binding properties of profilin2a and analyzed their effect on general actin dynamics as well as activity-dependent structural plasticity. Results and Discussion: Our findings suggest that a precisely timed regulation of profilin2a phosphorylation at S137 is needed to mediate actin dynamics and structural plasticity bidirectionally during long-term potentiation and long-term depression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cornelius
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Haak
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Rothkegel
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis in Multiplex Autism Families from Kazakhstan. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1509994. [PMID: 36199823 PMCID: PMC9529466 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1509994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of extended pedigrees containing autism spectrum disorder- (ASD-) related broader autism phenotypes (BAP) offers a promising approach to the search for ASD candidate variants. Here, a total of 650,000 genetic markers were tested in four Kazakhstani multiplex families with ASD and BAP to obtain data on de novo mutations (DNMs), common, and rare inherited variants that may contribute to the genetic risk for developing autistic traits. The variants were analyzed in the context of gene networks and pathways. Several previously well-described enriched pathways were identified, including ion channel activity, regulation of synaptic function, and membrane depolarization. Perhaps these pathways are crucial not only for the development of ASD but also for ВАР. The results also point to several additional biological pathways (circadian entrainment, NCAM and BTN family interactions, and interaction between L1 and Ankyrins) and hub genes (CFTR, NOD2, PPP2R2B, and TTR). The obtained results suggest that further exploration of PPI networks combining ASD and BAP risk genes can be used to identify novel or overlooked ASD molecular mechanisms.
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Kuffner MTC, Koch SP, Kirchner M, Mueller S, Lips J, An J, Mertins P, Dirnagl U, Endres M, Boehm-Sturm P, Harms C, Hoffmann CJ. Paracrine Interleukin 6 Induces Cerebral Remodeling at Early Stages After Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:805095. [PMID: 35155612 PMCID: PMC8830347 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.805095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Carotid artery disease is frequent and can result in chronic modest hypoperfusion of the brain. If no transient ischemic attack or stroke occur, it is classified asymptomatic. In the long-term, though, it can lead to cognitive impairment. Fostering cerebral remodeling after carotid artery occlusion might be a new concept of treatment. Paracrine Interleukin 6 (IL-6) can induce such remodeling processes at early stages. However, it has neurodegenerative long-term effects. With this exploratory study, we investigated the effect of paracrine IL-6 on cerebral remodeling in early stages after asymptomatic carotid artery occlusion to identify new treatment targets. Methods and Results To mimic a human asymptomatic carotid artery disease, we used a mouse model of unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. We developed a mouse model for inducible paracrine cerebral IL-6 expression (Cx30-Cre-ERT2;FLEX-IL6) and induced IL-6 2 days after CCA occlusion. We studied the effects of paracrine IL-6 after CCA occlusion on neuronal connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging and on local proteome regulations of the hypo-perfused striatum and contralateral motor cortex using mass spectrometry of laser capture micro-dissected tissues. Paracrine IL-6 induced cerebral remodeling leading to increased inter-hemispheric connectivity and changes in motor system connectivity. We identified changes in local protein abundance which might have adverse effects on functional outcome such as upregulation of Synuclein gamma (Sncg) or downregulation of Proline Dehydrogenase 1 (Prodh). However, we also identified changes in local protein abundance having potentially beneficial effects such as upregulation of Caprin1 or downregulation of GABA transporter 1 (Gat1). Conclusions Paracrine cerebral IL-6 at early stages induces changes in motor system connectivity and the proteome after asymptomatic CCA occlusion. Our results may help to distinguish unfavorable from beneficial IL-6 dependent protein regulations. Focusing on these targets might generate new treatments to improve long-term outcome in patients with carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T. C. Kuffner
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Koch
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janet Lips
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeehye An
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- QUEST Quality, Ethics, Open Science, Translation, Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Christoph Harms
| | - Christian J. Hoffmann
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian J. Hoffmann
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Repeated exposure to microcystin-leucine-arginine potentiates excitotoxicity induced by a low dose of kainate. Toxicology 2021; 460:152887. [PMID: 34352349 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MLCR) is a cyanobacterial toxin, and has been demonstrated to cause neurotoxicity. In addition, MCLR has been identified as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase (PP)1 and PP2A, which are known to regulate the phosphorylation of various molecules related to synaptic excitability. Thus, in the present study, we examined whether MCLR exposure affects seizures induced by a low dose of kainic acid (KA; 0.05 μg, i.c.v.) administration. KA-induced seizure occurrence and seizure score significantly increased after repeated exposure to MCLR (2.5 or 5.0 μg/kg, i.p., once a day for 10 days), but not after acute MCLR exposure (2.5 or 5.0 μg/kg, i.p., 2 h and 30 min prior to KA administration), and hippocampal neuronal loss was consistently facilitated by repeated exposure to MCLR. In addition, repeated MCLR significantly elevated the membrane expression of kainate receptor GluK2 subunits, p-pan-protein kinase C (PKC), and p-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) at 1 h after KA. However, KA-induced membrane expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) was significantly reduced by repeated MCLR exposure. Consistent with the enhanced seizures and neurodegeneration, MCLR exposure significantly potentiated KA-induced oxidative stress and microglial activation, which was accompanied by increased expression of p-ERK and p-PKCδ in the hippocampus. The combined results suggest that repeated MCLR exposure potentiates KA-induced excitotoxicity in the hippocampus by increasing membrane GluK2 expression and enhancing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through the modulation of p-CaMKII, p-PKC, and p-ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Telek E, Karádi K, Kardos J, Kengyel A, Fekete Z, Halász H, Nyitrai M, Bugyi B, Lukács A. The C-terminal tail extension of myosin 16 acts as a molten globule, including intrinsically disordered regions, and interacts with the N-terminal ankyrin. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100716. [PMID: 33930467 PMCID: PMC8253979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lesser-known unconventional myosin 16 protein is essential in proper neuronal functioning and has been implicated in cell cycle regulation. Its longer Myo16b isoform contains a C-terminal tail extension (Myo16Tail), which has been shown to play a role in the neuronal phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway. Myo16Tail mediates the actin cytoskeleton remodeling, downregulates the actin dynamics at the postsynaptic site of dendritic spines, and is involved in the organization of the presynaptic axon terminals. However, the functional and structural features of this C-terminal tail extension are not well known. Here, we report the purification and biophysical characterization of the Myo16Tail by bioinformatics, fluorescence spectroscopy, and CD. Our results revealed that the Myo16Tail is functionally active and interacts with the N-terminal ankyrin domain of myosin 16, suggesting an intramolecular binding between the C and N termini of Myo16 as an autoregulatory mechanism involving backfolding of the motor domain. In addition, the Myo16Tail possesses high structural flexibility and a solvent-exposed hydrophobic core, indicating the largely unstructured, intrinsically disordered nature of this protein region. Some secondary structure elements were also observed, indicating that the Myo16Tail likely adopts a molten globule-like structure. These structural features imply that the Myo16Tail may function as a flexible display site particularly relevant in post-translational modifications, regulatory functions such as backfolding, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Karádi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Kardos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kengyel
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fekete
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Henriett Halász
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bugyi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - András Lukács
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary.
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9
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Khan R, Kulasiri D, Samarasinghe S. Functional repertoire of protein kinases and phosphatases in synaptic plasticity and associated neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1150-1157. [PMID: 33269764 PMCID: PMC8224123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are two essential and vital cellular mechanisms that regulate many receptors and enzymes through kinases and phosphatases. Ca2+- dependent kinases and phosphatases are responsible for controlling neuronal processing; balance is achieved through opposition. During molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, kinases generally modulate positively while phosphatases modulate negatively. This review outlines some of the critical physiological and structural aspects of kinases and phosphatases involved in maintaining postsynaptic structural plasticity. It also explores the link between neuronal disorders and the deregulation of phosphatases and kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Khan
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Don Kulasiri
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Samarasinghe
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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10
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Deperrois N, Graupner M. Short-term depression and long-term plasticity together tune sensitive range of synaptic plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008265. [PMID: 32976516 PMCID: PMC7549837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic efficacy is subjected to activity-dependent changes on short- and long time scales. While short-term changes decay over minutes, long-term modifications last from hours up to a lifetime and are thought to constitute the basis of learning and memory. Both plasticity mechanisms have been studied extensively but how their interaction shapes synaptic dynamics is little known. To investigate how both short- and long-term plasticity together control the induction of synaptic depression and potentiation, we used numerical simulations and mathematical analysis of a calcium-based model, where pre- and postsynaptic activity induces calcium transients driving synaptic long-term plasticity. We found that the model implementing known synaptic short-term dynamics in the calcium transients can be successfully fitted to long-term plasticity data obtained in visual- and somatosensory cortex. Interestingly, the impact of spike-timing and firing rate changes on plasticity occurs in the prevalent firing rate range, which is different in both cortical areas considered here. Our findings suggest that short- and long-term plasticity are together tuned to adapt plasticity to area-specific activity statistics such as firing rates. Synaptic long-term plasticity, the long-lasting change in efficacy of connections between neurons, is believed to underlie learning and memory. Synapses furthermore change their efficacy reversibly in an activity-dependent manner on the subsecond time scale, referred to as short-term plasticity. It is not known how both synaptic plasticity mechanisms—long- and short-term—interact during activity epochs. To address this question, we used a biologically-inspired plasticity model in which calcium drives changes in synaptic efficacy. We applied the model to plasticity data from visual- and somatosensory cortex and found that synaptic changes occur in very different firing rate ranges, which correspond to the prevalent firing rates in both structures. Our results suggest that short- and long-term plasticity act in a well concerted fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Deperrois
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Michael Graupner
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. Aberrant Dopamine Receptor Signaling Plays Critical Role in the Impairment of Striatal Neurons in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5069-5083. [PMID: 32833186 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One-fourth survivors of cerebral malaria (CM) retain long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits. Structural abnormalities in striatum are reported in 80% of children with CM. Dopamine receptors (D1 and D2) are widely expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that regulate critical physiological functions related to behavior and cognition. Dysregulation of dopamine receptors alters the expression of downstream proteins such as dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), and p25/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). However, the role of dopamine receptor signaling dysfunction on the outcome of striatal neuron degeneration is unknown underlying the pathophysiology of CM. Using experimental CM (ECM), the present study attempted to understand the role of aberrant dopamine receptor signaling and its possible relation in causing MSNs morphological impairment. The effect of antimalarial drug artemether (ARM) rescue therapy was also assessed after ECM on the outcome of dopamine receptors downstream signaling. ECM was induced in C57BL/6 mice (male and female) infecting with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) parasite that reiterates the clinical setting of CM. We demonstrated that ECM caused a significant increase in the expression of D1, D2 receptors, phosphorylated DARPP, p25, cdk5, CaMKIIα, and D1-D2 heteromers. A substantial increase in neuronal damage observed in the dorsolateral striatum region of ECM brains (particularly in MSNs) as revealed by increased Fluoro-Jade C staining, reduced dendritic spine density, and impaired dendritic arborization with varicosities. While the ARM rescue therapy significantly altered the effects of ECM induced dopamine receptor signaling dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Overall, our data suggest that dysregulation of dopamine receptor signaling plays an important role in the degeneration of MSNs, and the ARM rescue therapy might provide better insights to develop effective therapeutic strategies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- Neuroscience Laboratory (F-23/71), Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Neuroscience Laboratory (F-23/71), Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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12
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PCDH7 interacts with GluN1 and regulates dendritic spine morphology and synaptic function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10951. [PMID: 32616769 PMCID: PMC7331671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the GluN1 subunit (GluN1-NTD) is important for NMDA receptor structure and function, but the interacting proteins of the GluN1-NTD are not well understood. Starting with an unbiased screen of ~ 1,500 transmembrane proteins using the purified GluN1-NTD protein as a bait, we identify Protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) as a potential interacting protein. PCDH7 is highly expressed in the brain and has been linked to CNS disorders, including epilepsy. Using primary neurons and brain slice cultures, we find that overexpression and knockdown of PCDH7 induce opposing morphological changes of dendritic structures. We also find that PCDH7 overexpression reduces synaptic NMDA receptor currents. These data show that PCDH7 can regulate dendritic spine morphology and synaptic function, possibly via interaction with the GluN1 subunit.
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13
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Miyata T, Kikuchi K, Ihara D, Kaito M, Ishibashi Y, Hakamata T, Yamada T, Ishikawa M, Mizukoshi M, Shoji S, Fukuchi M, Tsuda M, Hida Y, Ohtsuka T, Kaneda M, Tabuchi A. Neuron-enriched phosphatase and actin regulator 3 (Phactr3)/ nuclear scaffold-associated PP1-inhibiting protein (Scapinin) regulates dendritic morphology via its protein phosphatase 1-binding domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Mórotz GM, Glennon EB, Gomez-Suaga P, Lau DHW, Robinson ED, Sedlák É, Vagnoni A, Noble W, Miller CCJ. LMTK2 binds to kinesin light chains to mediate anterograde axonal transport of cdk5/p35 and LMTK2 levels are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brains. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:73. [PMID: 31068217 PMCID: PMC6505310 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase-5 (cdk5)/p35 is a neuronal kinase that regulates key axonal and synaptic functions but the mechanisms by which it is transported to these locations are unknown. Lemur tyrosine kinase-2 (LMTK2) is a binding partner for p35 and here we show that LMTK2 also interacts with kinesin-1 light chains (KLC1/2). Binding to KLC1/2 involves a C-terminal tryptophan/aspartate (WD) motif in LMTK2 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains in KLC1/2, and this interaction facilitates axonal transport of LMTK2. Thus, siRNA loss of KLC1 or mutation of the WD motif disrupts axonal transport of LMTK2. We also show that LMTK2 facilitates the formation of a complex containing KLC1 and p35 and that siRNA loss of LMTK2 disrupts axonal transport of both p35 and cdk5. Finally, we show that LMTK2 levels are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brains. Damage to axonal transport and altered cdk5/p35 are pathogenic features of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, LMTK2 binds to KLC1 to direct axonal transport of p35 and its loss may contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor M Mórotz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Glennon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Patricia Gomez-Suaga
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Dawn H W Lau
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Eleanor D Robinson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Éva Sedlák
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Christopher C J Miller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane Camberwell, London, SE5 9RX, UK.
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15
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Fattahi Z, Sheikh TI, Musante L, Rasheed M, Taskiran II, Harripaul R, Hu H, Kazeminasab S, Alam MR, Hosseini M, Larti F, Ghaderi Z, Celik A, Ayub M, Ansar M, Haddadi M, Wienker TF, Ropers HH, Kahrizi K, Vincent JB, Najmabadi H. Biallelic missense variants in ZBTB11 can cause intellectual disability in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3177-3188. [PMID: 29893856 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring genes and pathways underlying intellectual disability (ID) provides insight into brain development and function, clarifying the complex puzzle of how cognition develops. As part of ongoing systematic studies to identify candidate ID genes, linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing revealed Zinc Finger and BTB Domain Containing 11 (ZBTB11) as a novel candidate ID gene. ZBTB11 encodes a little-studied transcription regulator, and the two identified missense variants in this study are predicted to disrupt canonical Zn2+-binding residues of its C2H2 zinc finger domain, leading to possible altered DNA binding. Using HEK293T cells transfected with wild-type and mutant GFP-ZBTB11 constructs, we found the ZBTB11 mutants being excluded from the nucleolus, where the wild-type recombinant protein is predominantly localized. Pathway analysis applied to ChIP-seq data deposited in the ENCODE database supports the localization of ZBTB11 in nucleoli, highlighting associated pathways such as ribosomal RNA synthesis, ribosomal assembly, RNA modification and stress sensing, and provides a direct link between subcellular ZBTB11 location and its function. Furthermore, given the report of prominent brain and spinal cord degeneration in a zebrafish Zbtb11 mutant, we investigated ZBTB11-ortholog knockdown in Drosophila melanogaster brain by targeting RNAi using the UAS/Gal4 system. The observed approximate reduction to a third of the mushroom body size-possibly through neuronal reduction or degeneration-may affect neuronal circuits in the brain that are required for adaptive behavior, specifying the role of this gene in the nervous system. In conclusion, we report two ID families segregating ZBTB11 biallelic mutations disrupting Zn2+-binding motifs and provide functional evidence linking ZBTB11 dysfunction to this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taimoor I Sheikh
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luciana Musante
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Memoona Rasheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ricardo Harripaul
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Somayeh Kazeminasab
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Hosseini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Larti
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Ghaderi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arzu Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Thomas F Wienker
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - John B Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Schork AJ, Won H, Appadurai V, Nudel R, Gandal M, Delaneau O, Revsbech Christiansen M, Hougaard DM, Bækved-Hansen M, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Giørtz Pedersen M, Agerbo E, Bøcker Pedersen C, Neale BM, Daly MJ, Wray NR, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Børglum AD, Bo Mortensen P, Buil A, Thompson WK, Geschwind DH, Werge T. A genome-wide association study of shared risk across psychiatric disorders implicates gene regulation during fetal neurodevelopment. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:353-361. [PMID: 30692689 PMCID: PMC6497521 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that seemingly diverse psychiatric disorders share genetic etiology, but the biological substrates mediating this overlap are not well characterized. Here we leverage the unique Integrative Psychiatric Research Consortium (iPSYCH) study, a nationally representative cohort ascertained through clinical psychiatric diagnoses indicated in Danish national health registers. We confirm previous reports of individual and cross-disorder single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability for major psychiatric disorders and perform a cross-disorder genome-wide association study. We identify four novel genome-wide significant loci encompassing variants predicted to regulate genes expressed in radial glia and interneurons in the developing neocortex during mid-gestation. This epoch is supported by partitioning cross-disorder single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability, which is enriched at regulatory chromatin active during fetal neurodevelopment. These findings suggest that dysregulation of genes that direct neurodevelopment by common genetic variants may result in general liability for many later psychiatric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vivek Appadurai
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ron Nudel
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mike Gandal
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Delaneau
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækved-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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18
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Tastet J, Cuberos H, Vallée B, Toutain A, Raynaud M, Marouillat S, Thépault RA, Laumonnier F, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Bénédetti H. LIMK2-1 is a Hominidae-Specific Isoform of LIMK2 Expressed in Central Nervous System and Associated with Intellectual Disability. Neuroscience 2018; 399:199-210. [PMID: 30594563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
LIMK2 is involved in neuronal functions by regulating actin dynamics. Different isoforms of LIMK2 are described in databanks. LIMK2a and LIMK2b are the most characterized. A few pieces of evidence suggest that LIMK2 isoforms might not have overlapping functions. In this study, we focused our attention on a less studied human LIMK2 isoform, LIMK2-1. Compared to the other LIMK2 isoforms, LIMK2-1 contains a supplementary C-terminal phosphatase 1 inhibitory domain (PP1i). We found out that this isoform was hominidae-specific and showed that it was expressed in human fetal brain and faintly in adult brain. Its coding sequence was sequenced in 173 patients with sporadic non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID), and we observed an association of a rare missense variant in the PP1i domain (rs151191437, p.S668P) with ID. Our results also suggest an implication of LIMK2-1 in neurite outgrowth and neurons arborization which appears to be affected by the p.S668P variation. Therefore our results suggest that LIMK2-1 plays a role in the developing brain, and that a rare variation of this isoform is a susceptibility factor in ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tastet
- UMR INSERM U1253, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CNRS UPR 4301, CBM, Orléans, France; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hélène Cuberos
- UMR INSERM U1253, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CNRS UPR 4301, CBM, Orléans, France
| | | | - Annick Toutain
- UMR INSERM U1253, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - Martine Raynaud
- UMR INSERM U1253, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR INSERM U1253, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR INSERM U1253, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- UMR INSERM U1253, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
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19
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Langille JJ, Brown RE. The Synaptic Theory of Memory: A Historical Survey and Reconciliation of Recent Opposition. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:52. [PMID: 30416432 PMCID: PMC6212519 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trettenbrein (2016) has argued that the concept of the synapse as the locus of memory is outdated and has made six critiques of this concept. In this article, we examine these six critiques and suggest that the current theories of the neurobiology of memory and the empirical data indicate that synaptic activation is the first step in a chain of cellular and biochemical events that lead to memories formed in cell assemblies and neural networks that rely on synaptic modification for their formation. These neural networks and their modified synaptic connections can account for the cognitive basis of learning and memory and for memory deterioration in neurological disorders. We first discuss Hebb's (1949) theory that synaptic change and the formation of cell assemblies and phase sequences can link neurophysiology to cognitive processes. We then examine each of Trettenbrein's (2016) critiques of the synaptic theory in light of Hebb's theories and recent empirical data. We examine the biochemical basis of memory formation and the necessity of synaptic modification to form the neural networks underlying learning and memory. We then examine the use of Hebb's theories of synaptic change and cell assemblies for integrating neurophysiological and cognitive conceptions of learning and memory. We conclude with an examination of the applications of the Hebb synapse and cell assembly theories to the study of the neuroscience of learning and memory, the development of computational models of memory and the construction of "intelligent" robots. We conclude that the synaptic theory of memory has not met its demise, but is essential to our understanding of the neural basis of memory, which has two components: synaptic plasticity and intrinsic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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20
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Jawaid A, Woldemichael BT, Kremer EA, Laferriere F, Gaur N, Afroz T, Polymenidou M, Mansuy IM. Memory Decline and Its Reversal in Aging and Neurodegeneration Involve miR-183/96/182 Biogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3451-3462. [PMID: 30128653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive memory decline that can lead to dementia when associated with neurodegeneration. Here, we show in mice that aging-related memory decline involves defective biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs), in particular miR-183/96/182 cluster, resulting from increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and altered receptor SMAD (R-SMAD) signaling. Correction of the defect by miR-183/96/182 overexpression in hippocampus or by environmental enrichment that normalizes PP1 activity restores memory in aged animals. Regulation of miR-183/96/182 biogenesis is shown to involve the neurodegeneration-related RNA-binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS. Similar alterations in miR-183/96/182, PP1, and R-SMADs are observed in the brains of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), two neurodegenerative diseases with pathological aggregation of TDP-43. Overall, these results identify new mechanistic links between miR-183/96/182, PP1, TDP-43, and FUS in age-related memory deficits and their reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jawaid
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zurich (UZH) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bisrat T Woldemichael
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zurich (UZH) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Icahn school of medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Eloïse A Kremer
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zurich (UZH) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florent Laferriere
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niharika Gaur
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zurich (UZH) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tariq Afroz
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zurich (UZH) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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HIV-1 Protein Tat 1-72 Impairs Neuronal Dendrites via Activation of PP1 and Regulation of the CREB/BDNF Pathway. Virol Sin 2018; 33:261-269. [PMID: 29737506 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy in recent years, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders in people living with HIV-1 is increasing, significantly reducing the health-related quality of their lives. Although neurons cannot be infected by HIV-1, shed viral proteins such as transactivator of transcription (Tat) can cause dendritic damage. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of Tat-induced neuronal impairment remains unknown. In this study, we first showed that recombinant Tat (1-72 aa) induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured mouse neurons. Second, exposure to Tat1-72 was shown to reduce the length and number of dendrites in cultured neurons. Third, Tat1-72 (0-6 h) modulates protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) expression and enhances its activity by decreasing the phosphorylation level of PP1 at Thr320. Finally, Tat1-72 (24 h) downregulates CREB activity and CREB-mediated gene (BDNF, c-fos, Egr-1) expression. Together, these findings suggest that Tat1-72 might impair cognitive function by regulating the activity of PP1 and the CREB/BDNF pathway.
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22
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Epicatechin potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells is not dependent on its antioxidant activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:893-902. [PMID: 29417944 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicatechin (EC) is a monomeric flavan-3-ol. We have previously demonstrated that glucose-intolerant rats fed flavan-3-ols exhibit improved pancreatic islet function corresponding with an increase in circulating EC-derived metabolites. Thus, we speculate that EC may act as a cellular signaling molecule in vivo to modulate insulin secretion. In this study we further examined the effects of different concentrations of EC on H2O2 or hyperglycemia-induced ROS production, as well as on saturated fatty acid (SFA)-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 cell line in vitro. We showed that EC at a high concentration (30 μmol/L), but not a low concentration (0.3 μmol/L), significantly decreased H2O2 or hyperglycemia-induced ROS production in INS-1 cells. However, EC (0.3 μmol/L) significantly enhanced SFA-impaired GSIS in INS-1 cells. Addition of KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked the effect of EC on insulin secretion and decreased CaMKII phosphorylation. Addition of GW1100, a GPR40 antagonist, significantly attenuated EC-enhanced GSIS, but only marginally affected CaMKII phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that EC at a physiological concentration promotes GSIS in SFA-impaired β-cells via activation of the CaMKII pathway and is consistent with its function as a GPR40 ligand. The findings support a role for EC as a cellular signaling molecule in vivo and further delineate the signaling pathways of EC in β-cells.
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23
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Genetic Defects Underlie the Non-syndromic Autosomal Recessive Intellectual Disability (NS-ARID). Open Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which appears frequently as the result of genetic mutations and may be syndromic (S-ID) or non-syndromic (NS-ID). ID causes an important economic burden, for patient's family, health systems, and society. Identifying genes that cause S-ID can easily be evaluated due to the clinical symptoms or physical anomalies. However, in the case of NS-ID due to the absence of co-morbid features, the latest molecular genetic techniques can be used to understand the genetic defects that underlie it. Recent studies have shown that non-syndromic autosomal recessive (NS-ARID) is extremely heterogeneous and contributes much more than X-linked ID. However, very little is known about the genes and loci involved in NS-ARID relative to X-linked ID, and whose complete genetic etiology remains obscure. In this review article, the known genetic etiology of NS-ARID and possible relationships between genes and the associated molecular pathways of their encoded proteins has been reviewed which will enhance our understanding about the underlying genes and mechanisms in NS-ARID.
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24
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Blüthgen N, van Bentum M, Merz B, Kuhl D, Hermey G. Profiling the MAPK/ERK dependent and independent activity regulated transcriptional programs in the murine hippocampus in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45101. [PMID: 28349920 PMCID: PMC5368636 DOI: 10.1038/srep45101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent alteration of the transcriptional program is central for shaping neuronal connectivity. Constitutively expressed transcription factors orchestrate the initial response to neuronal stimulation and serve as substrates for second messenger-regulated kinase signalling cascades. The mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK conveys signalling from the synapse to the nucleus but its genetic signature following neuronal activity has not been revealed. The goal of the present study was to identify ERK dependent and independent activity regulated transcriptional programs in the murine hippocampus. We used generalized seizures combined with the pharmacological intervention of MEK activation as an in vivo model to determine the complete transcriptional program initiated by ERK after neuronal activity. Our survey demonstrates that the induction of a large number of activity-regulated genes, including Arc/Arg3.1, Arl5b, Gadd45b, Homer1, Inhba and Zwint, is indeed dependent on ERK phosphorylation. In contrast, expression of a small group of genes, including Npas4, Arl4d, Errfi1, and Rgs2, is only partially dependent or completely independent (Ppp1r15a) of this signalling pathway. Among the identified transcripts are long non-coding (lnc) RNAs and induction of LincPint and splice variants of NEAT1 are ERK dependent. Our survey provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic response conveyed by ERK signalling in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Blüthgen
- Institute for Theoretical Biology and Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam van Bentum
- Institute for Theoretical Biology and Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Merz
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Yu X, Zhai C, Fan Y, Zhang J, Liang N, Liu F, Cao L, Wang J, Du J. TUSC3: a novel tumour suppressor gene and its functional implications. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1711-1718. [PMID: 28272772 PMCID: PMC5571513 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) gene is located on chromosome region 8p22 and encodes the 34 kD TUSC3 protein, which is a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase responsible for the N‐glycosylation of nascent proteins. Known to be related to autosomal recessive mental retardation for several years, TUSC3 has only recently been identified as a potential tumour suppressor gene. Based on the structure and function of TUSC3, specific mechanisms in various diseases have been investigated. Several studies have demonstrated that TUSC3 is an Mg2+‐transporter involved in magnesium transport and homeostasis, which is important for learning and memory, embryonic development and testis maturation. Moreover, dysfunction or deletion of TUSC3 exerts its oncological effects as a modulator by inhibiting glycosylation efficiency and consequently inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and malignant cell transformation. In this study, we summarize the advances in the studies of TUSC3 and comment on the potential roles of TUSC3 in diagnosis and treatment of TUSC3‐related diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunjuan Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Fan
- Medical Management Service Center of Shandong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Jinan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Li YL, Zhou J, Zhang H, Luo Y, Long LH, Hu ZL, Chen JG, Wang F, Wu PF. Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Surface Insertion of Hippocampal AMPA Receptor GluR1 Subunit via Phosphorylating at Serine-831/Serine-845 Sites Through a Sulfhydration-Dependent Mechanism. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:789-98. [PMID: 27380893 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been widely accepted as a gas neuromodulator to regulate synaptic function. Herein, we set out to determine the effect of H2 S on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and its mechanism. METHODS BS(3) protein cross-linking, Western blot, patch clamp, and biotin-switch assay. RESULTS Bath application of H2 S donor NaHS (50 and 100 μM) rapidly promoted surface insertion of hippocampal AMPAR GluR1 subunit. This effect can be abolished by dithiothreitol (DTT) and mimicked by Na2 S4 , indicating that a sulfhydration-dependent mechanism may be involved. NaHS increased APMAR-mediated EPSC and led to an elevation of GluR2-lacking AMPAR content. Notably, NaHS did not increase the sulfhydration of AMPAR subunits, but it significantly increased the phosphorylation of GluR1 at serine-831 and serine-845 sites. Postsynaptic signal pathways that control GluR1 phosphorylation, such as protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII), were sulfhydrated, activated by NaHS, and these effects can be occluded by DTT. H2 S increased S-sulfhydration of protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A), which may be partially involved in the activation of signal pathways. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that H2 S promotes surface insertion of AMPARs via phosphorylation of GluR1, which depends on a sulfhydration-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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27
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Futagi D, Kitano K. Ryanodine-receptor-driven intracellular calcium dynamics underlying spatial association of synaptic plasticity. J Comput Neurosci 2015; 39:329-47. [PMID: 26497496 PMCID: PMC4648987 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-015-0579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic modifications induced at one synapse are accompanied by hetero-synaptic changes at neighboring sites. In addition, it is suggested that the mechanism of spatial association of synaptic plasticity is based on intracellular calcium signaling that is mainly regulated by two types of receptors of endoplasmic reticulum calcium store: the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and the inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R). However, it is not clear how these types of receptors regulate intracellular calcium flux and contribute to the outcome of calcium-dependent synaptic change. To understand the relation between the synaptic association and store-regulated calcium dynamics, we focused on the function of RyR calcium regulation and simulated its behavior by using a computational neuron model. As a result, we observed that RyR-regulated calcium release depended on spike timings of pre- and postsynaptic neurons. From the induction site of calcium release, the chain activation of RyRs occurred, and spike-like calcium increase propagated along the dendrite. For calcium signaling, the propagated calcium increase did not tend to attenuate; these characteristics came from an all-or-none behavior of RyR-sensitive calcium store. Considering the role of calcium dependent synaptic plasticity, the results suggest that RyR-regulated calcium propagation induces a similar change at the synapses. However, according to the dependence of RyR calcium regulation on the model parameters, whether the chain activation of RyRs occurred, sensitively depended on spatial expression of RyR and nominal fluctuation of calcium flux. Therefore, calcium regulation of RyR helps initiate rather than relay calcium propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Futagi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Kitano
- Department of Human and Computer Intelligence, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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28
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Hamdan FF, Srour M, Capo-Chichi JM, Daoud H, Nassif C, Patry L, Massicotte C, Ambalavanan A, Spiegelman D, Diallo O, Henrion E, Dionne-Laporte A, Fougerat A, Pshezhetsky AV, Venkateswaran S, Rouleau GA, Michaud JL. De novo mutations in moderate or severe intellectual disability. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004772. [PMID: 25356899 PMCID: PMC4214635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics is believed to have an important role in intellectual disability (ID). Recent studies have emphasized the involvement of de novo mutations (DNMs) in ID but the extent to which they contribute to its pathogenesis and the identity of the corresponding genes remain largely unknown. Here, we report a screen for DNMs in subjects with moderate or severe ID. We sequenced the exomes of 41 probands and their parents, and confirmed 81 DNMs affecting the coding sequence or consensus splice sites (1.98 DNMs/proband). We observed a significant excess of de novo single nucleotide substitutions and loss-of-function mutations in these cases compared to control subjects, suggesting that at least a subset of these variations are pathogenic. A total of 12 likely pathogenic DNMs were identified in genes previously associated with ID (ARID1B, CHD2, FOXG1, GABRB3, GATAD2B, GRIN2B, MBD5, MED13L, SETBP1, TBR1, TCF4, WDR45), resulting in a diagnostic yield of ∼29%. We also identified 12 possibly pathogenic DNMs in genes (HNRNPU, WAC, RYR2, SET, EGR1, MYH10, EIF2C1, COL4A3BP, CHMP2A, PPP1CB, VPS4A, PPP2R2B) that have not previously been causally linked to ID. Interestingly, no case was explained by inherited mutations. Protein network analysis indicated that the products of many of these known and candidate genes interact with each other or with products of other ID-associated genes further supporting their involvement in ID. We conclude that DNMs represent a major cause of moderate or severe ID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Srour
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Hussein Daoud
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Lysanne Patry
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ousmane Diallo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edouard Henrion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Anne Fougerat
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques L. Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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29
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Platholi J, Federman A, Detert JA, Heerdt P, Hemmings HC. Regulation of protein phosphatase 1I by Cdc25C-associated kinase 1 (C-TAK1) and PFTAIRE protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23893-900. [PMID: 25028520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1I (PP-1I) is a major endogenous form of protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1) that consists of the core catalytic subunit PP-1c and the regulatory subunit inhibitor 2 (I-2). Phosphorylation of the Thr-72 residue of I-2 is required for activation of PP-1I. We studied the effects of two protein kinases identified previously in purified brain PP-1I by mass spectrometry, Cdc25C-associated kinase 1 (C-TAK1) and PFTAIRE (PFTK1) kinase, for their ability to regulate PP-1I. Purified C-TAK1 phosphorylated I-2 in reconstituted PP-1I (PP-1c. I-2) on Ser-71, which resulted in partial inhibition of its ATP-dependent phosphatase activity and inhibited subsequent phosphorylation of Thr-72 by the exogenous activating kinase GSK-3. In contrast, purified PFTK1 phosphorylated I-2 at Ser-86, a site known to potentiate Thr-72 phosphorylation and activation of PP-1I phosphatase activity by GSK-3. These findings indicate that brain PP-1I associates with and is regulated by the associated protein kinases C-TAK1 and PFTK1. Multisite phosphorylation of the I-2 regulatory subunit of PP-1I leads to activation or inactivation of PP-1I through bidirectional modulation of Thr-72 phosphorylation, the critical activating residue of I-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Anna Federman
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | | | - Paul Heerdt
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Hugh C Hemmings
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
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30
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Lohmann C, Kessels HW. The developmental stages of synaptic plasticity. J Physiol 2014; 592:13-31. [PMID: 24144877 PMCID: PMC3903349 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is programmed to drive behaviour by precisely wiring the appropriate neuronal circuits. Wiring and rewiring of neuronal circuits largely depends on the orchestrated changes in the strengths of synaptic contacts. Here, we review how the rules of synaptic plasticity change during development of the brain, from birth to independence. We focus on the changes that occur at the postsynaptic side of excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the rodent hippocampus and neocortex. First we summarize the current data on the structure of synapses and the developmental expression patterns of the key molecular players of synaptic plasticity, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, as well as pivotal kinases (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, protein kinase A, protein kinase C) and phosphatases (PP1, PP2A, PP2B). In the second part we relate these findings to important characteristics of the emerging network. We argue that the concerted and gradual shifts in the usage of plasticity molecules comply with the changing need for (re)wiring neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lohmann
- C. Lohmann and H. W. Kessels: The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Emails: ,
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31
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Identification of protein phosphatase 1 as a regulator of the LRRK2 phosphorylation cycle. Biochem J 2013; 456:119-28. [PMID: 23937259 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A cluster of phosphorylation sites in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), including Ser910, Ser935, Ser955 and Ser973, is important for PD (Parkinson's disease) pathogenesis as several PD-linked LRRK2 mutants are dephosphorylated at these sites. LRRK2 is also dephosphorylated in cells after pharmacological inhibition of its kinase activity, which is currently proposed as a strategy for disease-modifying PD therapy. Despite this importance of LRRK2 dephosphorylation in mutant LRRK2 pathological mechanism(s) and in LRRK2's response to inhibition, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Therefore we aimed to identify the phosphatase for LRRK2. Using a panel of recombinant phosphatases, we found that PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) efficiently dephosphorylates LRRK2 in vitro. PP1 activity on LRRK2 dephosphorylation was confirmed in cells using PP1 inhibition to reverse LRRK2 dephosphorylation induced by the potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitor LRRK2-IN1 as well as in R1441G mutant LRRK2. We also found that PP1 and LRRK2 can form a complex in cells. Furthermore, we observed that PP1 inhibition modulates LRRK2's cellular phenotype by reducing skein-like LRRK2-positive structures associated with dephosphorylation. In conclusion, the present study reveals PP1 as the physiological LRRK2 phosphatase, responsible for LRRK2 dephosphorylation observed in PD mutant LRRK2 and after LRRK2 kinase inhibition.
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32
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Zhang Y, She F, Li L, Chen C, Xu S, Luo X, Li M, He M, Yu Z. p25/CDK5 is partially involved in neuronal injury induced by radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:976-84. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.817699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Suh YH, Park JY, Park S, Jou I, Roche PA, Roche KW. Regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) internalization and surface expression by Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 1. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17544-51. [PMID: 23612982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.439513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7 (mGluR7) is the predominant group III mGluR in the presynaptic active zone, where it serves as an autoreceptor to inhibit neurotransmitter release. Our previous studies show that PKC phosphorylation of mGluR7 on Ser-862 is a key mechanism controlling constitutive and activity-dependent surface expression of mGluR7 by regulating a competitive interaction of calmodulin and protein interacting with C kinase (PICK1). As receptor phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are tightly coordinated through the precise action of protein kinases and phosphatases, dephosphorylation by phosphatases is likely to play an active role in governing the activity-dependent or agonist-induced changes in mGluR7 receptor surface expression. In the present study, we find that the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) has a crucial role in the constitutive and agonist-induced dephosphorylation of Ser-862 on mGluR7. Treatment of neurons with PP1 inhibitors leads to a robust increase in Ser-862 phosphorylation and increased surface expression of mGluR7. In addition, Ser-862 phosphorylation of both mGluR7a and mGluR7b is a target of PP1. Interestingly, agonist-induced dephosphorylation of mGluR7 is regulated by PP1, whereas NMDA-mediated activity-induced dephosphorylation is not, illustrating there are multiple signaling pathways that affect receptor phosphorylation and trafficking. Importantly, PP1γ1 regulates agonist-dependent Ser-862 dephosphorylation and surface expression of mGluR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Suh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721, South Korea.
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34
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Yao W, Zou HJ, Sun D, Ren SQ. Aβ induces acute depression of excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission through distinct phosphatase-dependent mechanisms in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. Brain Res 2013; 1515:88-97. [PMID: 23583290 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) has a causal role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies indicate that Aβ can disrupt excitatory glutamatergic synaptic function at synaptic level. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we recorded evoked and spontaneous EPSCs in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons via whole-cell voltage-clamping methods and found that 1 μM Aβ can induce acute depression of basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission through both presynaptic and postsynaptic dysfunction. Moreover, we also found that Aβ-induced both presynaptic and postsynaptic dysfunction can be reversed by the inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B), FK506, whereas only postsynaptic disruption can be ameliorated by the inhibitor of PP1/PP2A, Okadaic acid (OA). These results indicate that PP1/PP2A and PP2B have overlapping but not identical functions in Aβ-induced acute depression of excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Rahman A, Khan KM, Al-Khaledi G, Khan I, Al-Shemary T. Over activation of hippocampal serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A is involved in lead-induced deficits in learning and memory in young rats. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:370-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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A mathematical model for astrocytes mediated LTP at single hippocampal synapses. J Comput Neurosci 2012; 33:341-70. [PMID: 22454034 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-012-0389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many contemporary studies have shown that astrocytes play a significant role in modulating both short and long form of synaptic plasticity. There are very few experimental models which elucidate the role of astrocyte over Long-term Potentiation (LTP). Recently, Perea and Araque (Science 317:1083-1086, 2007) demonstrated a role of astrocytes in induction of LTP at single hippocampal synapses. They suggested a purely pre-synaptic basis for induction of this N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor-independent LTP. Also, the mechanisms underlying this pre-synaptic induction were not investigated. Here, in this article, we propose a mathematical model for astrocyte modulated LTP which successfully imitates the experimental findings of Perea and Araque (Science 317:1083-1086, 2007). Our study suggests the role of retrograde messengers, possibly Nitric Oxide (NO), for this pre-synaptically modulated LTP.
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37
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Calcium-based plasticity model explains sensitivity of synaptic changes to spike pattern, rate, and dendritic location. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3991-6. [PMID: 22357758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109359109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple stimulation protocols have been found to be effective in changing synaptic efficacy by inducing long-term potentiation or depression. In many of those protocols, increases in postsynaptic calcium concentration have been shown to play a crucial role. However, it is still unclear whether and how the dynamics of the postsynaptic calcium alone determine the outcome of synaptic plasticity. Here, we propose a calcium-based model of a synapse in which potentiation and depression are activated above calcium thresholds. We show that this model gives rise to a large diversity of spike timing-dependent plasticity curves, most of which have been observed experimentally in different systems. It accounts quantitatively for plasticity outcomes evoked by protocols involving patterns with variable spike timing and firing rate in hippocampus and neocortex. Furthermore, it allows us to predict that differences in plasticity outcomes in different studies are due to differences in parameters defining the calcium dynamics. The model provides a mechanistic understanding of how various stimulation protocols provoke specific synaptic changes through the dynamics of calcium concentration and thresholds implementing in simplified fashion protein signaling cascades, leading to long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The combination of biophysical realism and analytical tractability makes it the ideal candidate to study plasticity at the synapse, neuron, and network levels.
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38
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Unoki T, Matsuda S, Kakegawa W, Van N, Kohda K, Suzuki A, Funakoshi Y, Hasegawa H, Yuzaki M, Kanaho Y. NMDA Receptor-Mediated PIP5K Activation to Produce PI(4,5)P2 Is Essential for AMPA Receptor Endocytosis during LTD. Neuron 2012; 73:135-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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39
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Zhang G, Lin L, Yang H, Wang T, Li X, Li G, Wen S, Wang D. WITHDRAWN: Effects of traditional Chinese medicine Fuzhisan on PP1 expression in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011:S0378-8741(11)00634-9. [PMID: 21920427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
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40
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Piton A, Gauthier J, Hamdan FF, Lafrenière RG, Yang Y, Henrion E, Laurent S, Noreau A, Thibodeau P, Karemera L, Spiegelman D, Kuku F, Duguay J, Destroismaisons L, Jolivet P, Côté M, Lachapelle K, Diallo O, Raymond A, Marineau C, Champagne N, Xiong L, Gaspar C, Rivière JB, Tarabeux J, Cossette P, Krebs MO, Rapoport JL, Addington A, DeLisi LE, Mottron L, Joober R, Fombonne E, Drapeau P, Rouleau GA. Systematic resequencing of X-chromosome synaptic genes in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:867-80. [PMID: 20479760 PMCID: PMC3289139 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are two common neurodevelopmental syndromes that result from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors. We set out to test the hypothesis that rare variants in many different genes, including de novo variants, could predispose to these conditions in a fraction of cases. In addition, for both disorders, males are either more significantly or more severely affected than females, which may be explained in part by X-linked genetic factors. Therefore, we directly sequenced 111 X-linked synaptic genes in individuals with ASD (n = 142; 122 males and 20 females) or SCZ (n = 143; 95 males and 48 females). We identified >200 non-synonymous variants, with an excess of rare damaging variants, which suggest the presence of disease-causing mutations. Truncating mutations in genes encoding the calcium-related protein IL1RAPL1 (already described in Piton et al. Hum Mol Genet 2008) and the monoamine degradation enzyme monoamine oxidase B were found in ASD and SCZ, respectively. Moreover, several promising non-synonymous rare variants were identified in genes encoding proteins involved in regulation of neurite outgrowth and other various synaptic functions (MECP2, TM4SF2/TSPAN7, PPP1R3F, PSMD10, MCF2, SLITRK2, GPRASP2, and OPHN1).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piton
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Gauthier
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - FF Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - RG Lafrenière
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Henrion
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Laurent
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Noreau
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Thibodeau
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L Karemera
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Spiegelman
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - F Kuku
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Duguay
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L Destroismaisons
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Jolivet
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Côté
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K Lachapelle
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - O Diallo
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Marineau
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Champagne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Groupe de recherche sur le systeme nerveux central, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Gaspar
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J-B Rivière
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Tarabeux
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Cossette
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M-O Krebs
- INSERM U796, Physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques, Université Paris Descartes and Centre hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - JL Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Addington
- Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - LE DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
- The Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Mottron
- Centre d’excellence en Troubles envahissants du développement de l’Université de Montré al (CETEDUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Joober
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Drapeau
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Groupe de recherche sur le systeme nerveux central, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - GA Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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41
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Cerda O, Trimmer JS. Activity-dependent phosphorylation of neuronal Kv2.1 potassium channels by CDK5. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28738-28748. [PMID: 21712386 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.251942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic modulation of ion channel expression, localization, and/or function drives plasticity in intrinsic neuronal excitability. Voltage-gated Kv2.1 potassium channels are constitutively maintained in a highly phosphorylated state in neurons. Increased neuronal activity triggers rapid calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation, loss of channel clustering, and hyperpolarizing shifts in voltage-dependent activation that homeostatically suppress neuronal excitability. These changes are reversible, such that rephosphorylation occurs after removal of excitatory stimuli. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a Pro-directed Ser/Thr protein kinase, directly phosphorylates Kv2.1, and determines the constitutive level of Kv2.1 phosphorylation, the rapid increase in Kv2.1 phosphorylation upon acute blockade of neuronal activity, and the recovery of Kv2.1 phosphorylation after stimulus-induced dephosphorylation. We also demonstrate that although the phosphorylation state of Kv2.1 is also shaped by the activity of the PP1 protein phosphatase, the regulation of Kv2.1 phosphorylation by CDK5 is not mediated through the previously described regulation of PP1 activity by CDK5. Together, these studies support a novel role for CDK5 in regulating Kv2.1 channels through direct phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cerda
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
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42
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Nuclear protein phosphatase-1: an epigenetic regulator of fear memory and amygdala long-term potentiation. Neuroscience 2010; 173:30-6. [PMID: 21093547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex brain diseases and neurological disorders in human generally result from the disturbance of multiple genes and signaling pathways. These disturbances may derive from mutations, deletions, translocations or rearrangements of specific gene(s). However, over the past years, it has become clear that such disturbances may also derive from alterations in the epigenome affecting several genes simultaneously. Our work recently demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms in the adult brain are in part regulated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a protein Ser/Thr phosphatase that negatively regulates hippocampus-dependent long-term memory (LTM) and synaptic plasticity. PP1 is abundant in brain structures involved in emotional processing like the amygdala, it may therefore be involved in the regulation of fear memory, a form of memory related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in human. Here, we demonstrate that PP1 is a molecular suppressor of fear memory and synaptic plasticity in the amygdala that can control chromatin remodeling in neurons. We show that the selective inhibition of the nuclear pool of PP1 in amygdala neurons significantly alters posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones and the expression of several memory-associated genes. These alterations correlate with enhanced fear memory, and with an increase in long-term potentiation (LTP) that is transcription-dependent. Our results underscore the importance of nuclear PP1 in the amygdala as an epigenetic regulator of emotional memory, and the relevance of protein phosphatases as potential targets for therapeutic treatment of brain disorders like PTSD.
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43
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Abstract
It is well established that lead (Pb) exposure in humans leads to learning and memory impairment. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms are still not clearly understood. When over activated, serine/threonine protein phosphatases are known to function as a constraint on learning and memory. Activation of these phosphatases can also result in cytoskeletal changes that will adversely affect learning and memory. We investigated the effects of Pb exposure on these phosphatases in primary cultures of human neurons. Neurons were exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of Pb (5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/dL) and total phosphatase and PP2A activities were determined in neuronal lysate using para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), and a PP2A-specific phosphopeptide as substrates. Expression of various serine/threonine phosphatases, tau and its phosphorylation state were determined by Western blot (WB) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). We found that the total phosphatase activity in the neuronal lysate was increased by 30–50% by all the concentrations of Pb tested. PP2A activity was increased by 5 μg/dL Pb only. PP1 expression was increased (ranging from 25–50%) by 10, 20 and 40 μg/dL of Pb. PP2B expression was increased substantially (up to 2.5-fold) by 10 μg/dL Pb, whereas, higher concentrations did not show any effect. On the other hand, Pb (at all concentrations used) decreased expression of PP2A and PP5. Pb exposure induced substantial hyperphosphorylation of tau at serine 199/202 by 5 and 10 μg/dL Pb, and Threonine 231 at higher doses. Expression of total tau was mostly unaffected by lead. Immunocytochemistry data confirmed the WB results of expression of PP1, PP2A, tau protein and the phosphorylation of tau. These results support our hypothesis that Pb exposure up regulates some of the serine/threonine phosphatases (PP1 and PP2B) that are known to impair memory formation, and suggest a novel mechanism of Pb neurotoxicity.
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44
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Lack of association between PCDH11X genetic variation and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in a Han Chinese population. Brain Res 2010; 1357:152-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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45
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Gräff J, Koshibu K, Jouvenceau A, Dutar P, Mansuy IM. Protein phosphatase 1-dependent transcriptional programs for long-term memory and plasticity. Learn Mem 2010; 17:355-63. [PMID: 20592054 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1766510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene transcription is essential for the establishment and the maintenance of long-term memory (LTM) and for long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity. The molecular mechanisms that control gene transcription in neuronal cells are complex and recruit multiple signaling pathways in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Protein kinases (PKs) and phosphatases (PPs) are important players in these mechanisms. Protein serine/threonine phosphatase 1 (PP1), in particular, was recently shown to be important for transcription-dependent memory by regulating chromatin remodeling. However, the impact of PP1 on gene transcription in adult neurons remains not fully delineated. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear pool of PP1 is associated with transcriptional events involving molecular components of signaling cascades acting as positive and negative regulators of memory and brain plasticity. The data show that inhibiting this pool selectively in forebrain neurons improves memory performance, enhances long-term potentiation (LTP), and modulates gene transcription. These findings highlight an important role for PP1 in the regulation of gene transcription in LTM and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gräff
- Brain Research Institute, Medical Faculty of University Zürich and Department of Biology of Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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46
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Shi ZY, Zhang FC, Gao XC. [Progresses on autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation related genes]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2010; 32:135-40. [PMID: 20176557 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2010.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Some autosomal genes are associated with development and function of nervous system. Mutations of these genes can lead to nonsyndromic mental retardation. This paper reviews recent progresses on autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation related genes, including localization, expression, biological function and pathogenesis after mutations. The prospect in this field is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Yan Shi
- College of Life Science, Institute of Population and Health, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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47
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Role of protein phosphatases and mitochondria in the neuroprotective effects of estrogens. Front Neuroendocrinol 2009; 30:93-105. [PMID: 19410596 PMCID: PMC2835549 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present treatise, we provide evidence that the neuroprotective and mito-protective effects of estrogens are inexorably linked and involve the ability of estrogens to maintain mitochondrial function during neurotoxic stress. This is achieved by the induction of nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression, the maintenance of protein phosphatases levels in a manner that likely involves modulation of the phosphorylation state of signaling kinases and mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and the potent redox/antioxidant activity of estrogens. These estrogen actions are mediated through a combination of estrogens receptor (ER)-mediated effects on nuclear and mitochondrial transcription of protein vital to mitochondrial function, ER-mediated, non-genomic signaling and non-ER-mediated effects of estrogens on signaling and oxidative stress. Collectively, these multifaceted, coordinated action of estrogens leads to their potency in protecting neurons from a wide variety of acute insults as well as chronic neurodegenerative processes.
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48
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Priddle TH, Crow TJ. The protocadherin 11X/Y gene pair as a putative determinant of cerebral dominance in Homo sapiens. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.09.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral torque, a bias from right frontal to left occipital across the anterior–posterior axis is arguably the defining feature of the human brain, and the foundation for language. What is its genetic basis? Handedness and anatomical data suggest that this torque is specific to humans relative to the extant great apes. Asymmetry deficits associated with sex chromosome aneuploidies implicate loci on both the X and Y chromosomes. A block from the Xq21.3 band was duplicated to the Y chromosome 6 million years ago (close to, and a possible cause of the chimpanzee/hominin separation) containing the human-specific gene pair PCDH11X/Y. PCDH11Y has been subject to positive selection through hominin evolution including 18 amino-acid changes to the longest isoform of the protein. The PCDH11X protein has been subject to five substitutions including two cysteines in the ectodomain. The gene pair can account for sex differences, for example, in cerebral asymmetry and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Priddle
- University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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49
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Direct interaction between myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and protein phosphatase 1alpha represses MEF2-dependent gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3355-66. [PMID: 19364819 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00227-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors play important roles in neuronal, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissues. MEF2 serves as a nuclear sensor, integrating signals from several signaling cascades through protein-protein interactions with kinases, chromatin remodeling factors, and other transcriptional regulators. Here, we report a novel interaction between the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1alpha (PP1alpha) and MEF2. Interaction occurs within the nucleus, and binding of PP1alpha to MEF2 potently represses MEF2-dependent transcription. The interaction utilizes uncharacterized domains in both PP1alpha and MEF2, and PP1alpha phosphatase activity is not obligatory for MEF2 repression. Moreover, a MEF2-PP1alpha regulatory complex leads to nuclear retention and recruitment of histone deacetylase 4 to MEF2 transcription complexes. PP1alpha-mediated repression of MEF2 overrides the positive influence of calcineurin signaling, suggesting PP1alpha exerts a dominant level of control over MEF2 function. Indeed, PP1alpha-mediated repression of MEF2 function interferes with the prosurvival effect of MEF2 in primary hippocampal neurons. The PP1alpha-MEF2 interaction constitutes a potent locus of control for MEF2-dependent gene expression, having potentially important implications for neuronal cell survival, cardiac remodeling in disease, and terminal differentiation of vascular, cardiac, and skeletal muscle.
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50
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Merrill RA, Strack S. Protein Kinases and Phosphatases. Mol Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-75269-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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