1
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Sharma K, Ahmed F, Sharma T, Grover A, Agarwal M, Grover S. Potential Repurposed Drug Candidates for Tuberculosis Treatment: Progress and Update of Drugs Identified in Over a Decade. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17362-17380. [PMID: 37251185 PMCID: PMC10210030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The devastating impact of Tuberculosis (TB) has been a menace to mankind for decades. The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy aims to reduce TB mortality up to 95% and 90% of overall TB cases worldwide, by 2035. This incessant urge will be achieved with a breakthrough in either a new TB vaccine or novel drugs with higher efficacy. However, the development of novel drugs is a laborious process involving a timeline of almost 20-30 years with huge expenditure; on the other hand, repurposing previously approved drugs is a viable technique for overcoming current bottlenecks in the identification of new anti-TB agents. The present comprehensive review discusses the progress of almost all the repurposed drugs that have been identified to the present day (∼100) and are in the development or clinical testing phase against TB. We have also emphasized the efficacy of repurposed drugs in combination with already available frontline anti-TB medications along with the scope of future investigations. This study would provide the researchers a detailed overview of nearly all identified anti-TB repurposed drugs and may assist them in selecting the lead compounds for further in vivo/clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Sharma
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tarina Sharma
- New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School
of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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2
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Arora G, Bothra A, Prosser G, Arora K, Sajid A. Role of post-translational modifications in the acquisition of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS J 2020; 288:3375-3393. [PMID: 33021056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the primary causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. The current TB regimen is long and complex, failing of which leads to relapse and/or the emergence of drug resistance. There is a critical need to understand the mechanisms of resistance development. With increasing drug pressure, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) activates various pathways to counter drug-related toxicity. Signaling modules steer the evolution of Mtb to a variant that can survive, persist, adapt, and emerge as a form that is resistant to one or more drugs. Recent studies reveal that about 1/3rd of the annotated Mtb proteome is modified post-translationally, with a large number of these proteins being essential for mycobacterial survival. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and pupylation play a salient role in mycobacterial virulence, pathogenesis, and metabolism. The role of many other PTMs is still emerging. Understanding the signaling pathways and PTMs may assist clinical strategies and drug development for Mtb. In this review, we explore the contribution of PTMs to mycobacterial physiology, describe the related cellular processes, and discuss how these processes are linked to drug resistance. A significant number of drug targets, InhA, RpoB, EmbR, and KatG, are modified at multiple residues via PTMs. A better understanding of drug-resistance regulons and associated PTMs will aid in developing effective drugs against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Arora
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ankur Bothra
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gareth Prosser
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Kriti Arora
- Proteus Digital Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Kaushik V, Prasad S, Goel M. Biophysical and biochemical characterization of a thermostable archaeal cyclophilin from Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:139-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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4
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Seal S, Polley S, Sau S. A staphylococcal cyclophilin carries a single domain and unfolds via the formation of an intermediate that preserves cyclosporin A binding activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210771. [PMID: 30925148 PMCID: PMC6440624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin (Cyp), a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), acts as a virulence factor in many bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus. The enzymatic activity of Cyp is inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug. To precisely determine the unfolding mechanism and the domain structure of Cyp, we have investigated a chimeric S. aureus Cyp (rCyp) using various probes. Our limited proteolysis and the consequent analysis of the proteolytic fragments indicate that rCyp is composed of one domain with a short flexible tail at the C-terminal end. We also show that the urea-induced unfolding of both rCyp and rCyp-CsA is completely reversible and proceeds via the synthesis of at least one stable intermediate. Both the secondary structure and the tertiary structure of each intermediate appears very similar to those of the corresponding native protein. Conversely, the hydrophobic surface areas of the intermediates are comparatively less. Further analyses reveal no loss of CsA binding activity in rCyp intermediate. The thermodynamic stability of rCyp was also significantly increased in the presence of CsA, recommending that this protein could be employed to screen new CsA derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Seal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumitra Polley
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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5
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Kumar A, Alam A, Grover S, Pandey S, Tripathi D, Kumari M, Rani M, Singh A, Akhter Y, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-B is involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis biofilm formation and a generic target for drug repurposing-based intervention. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:3. [PMID: 30675370 PMCID: PMC6333787 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), takes one human life every 15 s globally. Disease relapse occurs due to incomplete clearance of the pathogen and reactivation of the antibiotic tolerant bacilli. M.tb, like other bacterial pathogens, creates an ecosystem of biofilm formed by several proteins including the cyclophilins. We show that the M.tb cyclophilin peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PpiB), an essential gene, is involved in biofilm formation and tolerance to anti-mycobacterial drugs. We predicted interaction between PpiB and US FDA approved drugs (cyclosporine-A and acarbose) by in-silico docking studies and this was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. While all these drugs inhibited growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis (M.smegmatis) when cultured in vitro, acarbose and cyclosporine-A showed bacteriostatic effect while gallium nanoparticle (GaNP) exhibited bactericidal effect. Cyclosporine-A and GaNP additionally disrupted M.tb H37Rv biofilm formation. Co-culturing M.tb in their presence resulted in significant (2–4 fold) decrease in dosage of anti-tubercular drugs- isoniazid and ethambutol. Comparison of the cyclosporine-A and acarbose binding sites in PpiB homologues of other biofilm forming infectious pathogens revealed that these have largely remained unaltered across bacterial species. Targeting bacterial biofilms could be a generic strategy for intervention against bacterial pathogens. Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent. New therapeutic options are needed, and repurposing clinically approved drugs to destroy biofilms is an attractive approach, as these microbial communities are often less susceptible to antibiotics. A team lead by Seyed Hasnain at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi identified an enzyme, PpiB, from M. tuberculosis that promoted biofilm formation and showed that PpiB interacts with several drugs that are currently used to treat diabetes, immunological diseases and cancer. These drugs destabilise M. tuberculosis biofilms in culture and enhanced the potency of two current anti-tuberculosis antibiotics. Future work is needed to test these medications against tuberculosis in humans, but given PpiB is found in different bacteria, there may be broader promise of using these repurposed drugs to combat other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- 1JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Present Address: Department of Microbiology, Tripura Central University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura India
| | - Anwar Alam
- 1JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,2Molecular Infection and Functional Biology Lab, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- 1JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- 3National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India.,11Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Tripathi
- 2Molecular Infection and Functional Biology Lab, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India.,4Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan India
| | - Monika Kumari
- 5Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Rani
- 6Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- 7School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- 8Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- 3National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- 1JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,2Molecular Infection and Functional Biology Lab, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India.,9Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Prof CR Rao Road, Hyderabad, India
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6
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Maheshwari D, Yadav R, Rastogi R, Jain A, Tripathi S, Mukhopadhyay A, Arora A. Structural and Biophysical Characterization of Rab5a from Leishmania Donovani. Biophys J 2018; 115:1217-1230. [PMID: 30241678 PMCID: PMC6170798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani possess two isoforms of Rab5 (Rab5a and Rab5b), which are involved in fluid phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis, respectively. We have characterized the solution structure and dynamics of a stabilized truncated LdRab5a mutant. For the purpose of NMR structure determination, protein stability was enhanced by systematically introducing various deletions and mutations. Deletion of hypervariable C-terminal and the 20 residues LdRab5a specific insert slightly enhanced the stability, which was further improved by C107S mutation. The final construct, truncated LdRab5a with C107S mutation, was found to be stable for longer durations at higher concentration, with an increase in melting temperature by 10°C. Solution structure of truncated LdRab5a shows the characteristic GTPase fold having nucleotide and effector binding sites. Orientation of switch I and switch II regions match well with that of guanosine 5'-(β, γ-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp)-bound human Rab5a, indicating that the truncated LdRab5a attains the canonical GTP bound state. However, the backbone dynamics of the P-loop, switch I, and switch II regions were slower than that observed for guanosine 5'-(β, γ-imido)triphosphate (GMPPNP)-bound H-Ras. This dynamic profile may further complement the residue-specific complementarity in determining the specificity of interaction with the effectors. In parallel, biophysical investigations revealed the urea induced unfolding of truncated LdRab5a to be a four-state process that involved two intermediates, I1 and I2. The maximal 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid (Bis-ANS) binding was observed for I2 state, which was inferred to have molten globule like characteristics. Overall, the strategy presented would have significant impact for studying other Rab and small GTPase proteins by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva Maheshwari
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchir Rastogi
- Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Jain
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sarita Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ashish Arora
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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7
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Shukla VK, Singh JS, Vispute N, Ahmad B, Kumar A, Hosur RV. Unfolding of CPR3 Gets Initiated at the Active Site and Proceeds via Two Intermediates. Biophys J 2017; 112:605-619. [PMID: 28256221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin catalyzes the ubiquitous process "peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization," which plays a key role in protein folding, regulation, and function. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the unfolding of yeast mitochondrial cyclophilin (CPR3) induced by urea. It is seen that CPR3 unfolding is reversible and proceeds via two intermediates, I1 and I2. The I1 state has native-like secondary structure and shows strong anilino-8-naphthalenesulphonate binding due to increased exposure of the solvent-accessible cluster of non-polar groups. Thus, it has some features of a molten globule. The I2 state is more unfolded, but it retains some residual secondary structure, and shows weak anilino-8-naphthalenesulphonate binding. Chemical shift perturbation analysis by 1H-15N heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra reveals disruption of the tertiary contacts among the regions close to the active site in the first step of unfolding, i.e., the N-I1 transition. Both of the intermediates, I1 and I2, showed a propensity to self-associate under stirring conditions, but their kinetic profiles are different; the native protein did not show any such tendency under the same conditions. All these observations could have significant implications for the function of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Shukla
- UM-DAE-Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Jai Shankar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Vispute
- UM-DAE-Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Basir Ahmad
- UM-DAE-Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India.
| | - Ramakrishna V Hosur
- UM-DAE-Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
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8
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Polley S, Seal S, Mahapa A, Jana B, Biswas A, Mandal S, Sinha D, Sau K, Sau S. Identification and characterization of a cyclosporin binding cyclophilin from Staphylococcus aureus Newman. Bioinformation 2017; 13:78-85. [PMID: 28584448 PMCID: PMC5450249 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins, a class of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) enzymes, are inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA), an
immunosuppressive drug. Staphylococcus aureus Newman, a pathogenic bacterium, carries a gene for encoding a putative cyclophilin
(SaCyp). SaCyp shows significant homology with other cyclophilins at the sequence level. A three-dimensional model structure of
SaCyp harbors a binding site for CsA. To verify whether SaCyp possesses both the PPIase activity and the CsA binding ability, we
have purified and investigated a recombinant SaCyp (rCyp) using various in vitro tools. Our RNase T1 refolding assay indicates that
rCyp has a substantial extent of PPIase activity. rCyp that exists as a monomer in the aqueous solution is truly a cyclophilin as its
catalytic activity specifically shows sensitivity to CsA. rCyp appears to bind CsA with a reasonably high affinity. Additional
investigations reveal that binding of CsA to rCyp alters its structure and shape to some extent. Both rCyp and rCyp-CsA are unfolded
via the formation of at least one intermediate in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride. Unfolding study also indicates that there is
substantial extent of thermodynamic stabilization of rCyp in the presence of CsA as well. The data suggest that rCyp may be exploited
to screen the new antimicrobial agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Polley
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soham Seal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avisek Mahapa
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswanath Jana
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Keya Sau
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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9
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Inhibitor-induced conformational stabilization and structural alteration of a mip-like peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase and its C-terminal domain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102891. [PMID: 25072141 PMCID: PMC4114562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
FKBP22, an Escherichia coli-encoded PPIase (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase) enzyme, shares substantial identity with the Mip-like pathogenic factors, caries two domains, exists as a dimer in solution and binds some immunosuppressive drugs (such as FK506 and rapamycin) using its C-terminal domain (CTD). To understand the effects of these drugs on the structure and stability of the Mip-like proteins, rFKBP22 (a chimeric FKBP22) and CTD+ (a CTD variant) have been studied in the presence and absence of rapamycin using different probes. We demonstrated that rapamycin binding causes minor structural alterations of rFKBP22 and CTD+. Both the proteins (equilibrated with rapamycin) were unfolded via the formation of intermediates in the presence of urea. Further study revealed that thermal unfolding of both rFKBP22 and rapamycin-saturated rFKBP22 occurred by a three-state mechanism with the synthesis of intermediates. Intermediate from the rapamycin-equilibrated rFKBP22 was formed at a comparatively higher temperature. All intermediates carried substantial extents of secondary and tertiary structures. Intermediate resulted from the thermal unfolding of rFKBP22 existed as the dimers in solution, carried an increased extent of hydrophobic surface and possessed relatively higher rapamycin binding activity. Despite the formation of intermediates, both the thermal and urea-induced unfolding reactions were reversible in nature. Unfolding studies also indicated the considerable stabilization of both proteins by rapamycin binding. The data suggest that rFKBP22 or CTD+ could be exploited to screen the rapamycin-like inhibitors in the future.
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10
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Roy S, Basu S, Datta AK, Bhattacharyya D, Banerjee R, Dasgupta D. Equilibrium unfolding of cyclophilin from Leishmania donovani: characterization of intermediate states. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:353-60. [PMID: 24887548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin from Leishmania donovani (LdCyp) is a ubiquitous peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase involved in a host of important cellular activities, such as signaling, heat shock response, chaperone activity, mitochondrial pore maintenance and regulation of HIV-1 infectivity. It also acts as the prime cellular target for the auto-immune drug cyclosporine A (CsA). LdCyp is composed of a beta barrel encompassing the unique hydrophobic core of the molecule and is flanked by two helices (H1, H2) on either end of the barrel. The protein contains a lone partially exposed tryptophan. In the present work the equilibrium unfolding of LdCyp has been studied by fluorescence, circular dichroism and the non-coincidence of their respective Cm's, indicates a non-two state transition. This fact was further corroborated by binding studies of the protein with bis-ANS and the lack of an isochromatic point in far UV CD. The thermal stability of the possible intermediates was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. Further, MD simulations performed at 310, 400 and 450K exhibited the tendency of both helices to partially unwind and adopt non-native geometries with respect to the core, quite early in the unfolding process, in contrast to the relatively stable beta barrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Roy
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankar Basu
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Alok K Datta
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rahul Banerjee
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Bhaduri A, Misra R, Maji A, Bhetaria PJ, Mishra S, Arora G, Singh LK, Dhasmana N, Dubey N, Virdi JS, Singh Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cyclophilin A uses novel signal sequence for secretion and mimics eukaryotic cyclophilins for interaction with host protein repertoire. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88090. [PMID: 24505389 PMCID: PMC3913756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are prolyl isomerases with multitude of functions in different cellular processes and pathological conditions. Cyclophilin A (PpiA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is secreted during infection in intraphagosomal niche. However, our understanding about the evolutionary origin, secretory mechanism or the interactome of M. tuberculosis PpiA is limited. This study demonstrates through phylogenetic and structural analyses that PpiA has more proximity to human cyclophilins than the prokaryotic counterparts. We report a unique N-terminal sequence (MADCDSVTNSP) present in pathogenic mycobacterial PpiA and absent in non-pathogenic strains. This sequence stretch was shown to be essential for PpiA secretion. The overexpression of full-length PpiA from M. tuberculosis in non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis resulted in PpiA secretion while truncation of the N-terminal stretch obstructed the secretion. In addition, presence of an ESX pathway substrate motif in M. tuberculosis PpiA suggested possible involvement of Type VII secretion system. Site-directed mutagenesis of key residues in this motif in full-length PpiA also hindered the secretion in M. smegmatis. Bacterial two-hybrid screens with human lung cDNA library as target were utilized to identify interaction partners of PpiA from host repertoire, and a number of substrates with functional representation in iron storage, signal transduction and immune responses were detected. The extensive host interactome coupled with the sequence and structural similarity to human cyclophilins is strongly suggestive of PpiA being deployed by M. tuberculosis as an effector mimic against the host cyclophilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asani Bhaduri
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Richa Misra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Maji
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sonakshi Mishra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Arora
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Neha Dhasmana
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Neha Dubey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Yogendra Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: mail:
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12
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Jana B, Bandhu A, Mondal R, Biswas A, Sau K, Sau S. Domain Structure and Denaturation of a Dimeric Mip-like Peptidyl-Prolyl cis–trans Isomerase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 2012; 51:1223-37. [PMID: 22263615 DOI: 10.1021/bi2015037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Jana
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054,
West Bengal, India
| | - Amitava Bandhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054,
West Bengal, India
| | - Rajkrishna Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054,
West Bengal, India
| | - Anindya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054,
West Bengal, India
| | - Keya Sau
- Department
of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, PO-HIT, Dt-Purba Medinipur,
Pin 721657, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054,
West Bengal, India
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Chandra K, Dutta D, Das AK, Basak A. Design, synthesis and inhibition activity of novel cyclic peptides against protein tyrosine phosphatase A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8365-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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