1
|
Scheys F, Van Damme EJM, Pauwels J, Staes A, Gevaert K, Smagghe G. N-glycosylation Site Analysis Reveals Sex-related Differences in Protein N-glycosylation in the Rice Brown Planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens). Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:529-539. [PMID: 31924694 PMCID: PMC7050106 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common modification of proteins and critical for a wide range of biological processes. Differences in protein glycosylation between sexes have already been observed in humans, nematodes and trematodes, and have recently also been reported in the rice pest insect Nilaparvata lugens Although protein N-glycosylation in insects is nowadays of high interest because of its potential for exploitation in pest control strategies, the functionality of differential N-glycosylation between sexes is yet unknown. In this study, therefore, the occurrence and role of sex-related protein N-glycosylation in insects were examined. A comprehensive investigation of the N-glycosylation sites from the adult stages of N. lugens was conducted, allowing a qualitative and quantitative comparison between sexes at the glycopeptide level. N-glycopeptide enrichment via lectin capturing using the high mannose/paucimannose-binding lectin Concanavalin A, or the Rhizoctonia solani agglutinin which interacts with complex N-glycans, resulted in the identification of over 1300 N-glycosylation sites derived from over 600 glycoproteins. Comparison of these N-glycopeptides revealed striking differences in protein N-glycosylation between sexes. Male- and female-specific N-glycosylation sites were identified, and some of these sex-specific N-glycosylation sites were shown to be derived from proteins with a putative role in insect reproduction. In addition, differential glycan composition between males and females was observed for proteins shared across sexes. Both lectin blotting experiments as well as transcript expression analyses with complete insects and insect tissues confirmed the observed differences in N-glycosylation of proteins between sexes. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence for protein N-glycosylation to be sex-related in insects. Furthermore, original data on N-glycosylation sites of N. lugens adults are presented, providing novel insights into planthopper's biology and information for future biological pest control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freja Scheys
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jarne Pauwels
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzalez‐Lopez E, Vrana KE. Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase and its genetic variants in human health and disease. J Neurochem 2019; 152:157-181. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine Hershey PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Distinct phenotypes of three-repeat and four-repeat human tau in a transgenic model of tauopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
4
|
Walski T, De Schutter K, Van Damme EJM, Smagghe G. Diversity and functions of protein glycosylation in insects. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 83:21-34. [PMID: 28232040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The majority of proteins is modified with carbohydrate structures. This modification, called glycosylation, was shown to be crucial for protein folding, stability and subcellular location, as well as protein-protein interactions, recognition and signaling. Protein glycosylation is involved in multiple physiological processes, including embryonic development, growth, circadian rhythms, cell attachment as well as maintenance of organ structure, immunity and fertility. Although the general principles of glycosylation are similar among eukaryotic organisms, insects synthesize a distinct repertoire of glycan structures compared to plants and vertebrates. Consequently, a number of unique insect glycans mediate functions specific to this class of invertebrates. For instance, the core α1,3-fucosylation of N-glycans is absent in vertebrates, while in insects this modification is crucial for the development of wings and the nervous system. At present, most of the data on insect glycobiology comes from research in Drosophila. Yet, progressively more information on the glycan structures and the importance of glycosylation in other insects like beetles, caterpillars, aphids and bees is becoming available. This review gives a summary of the current knowledge and recent progress related to glycan diversity and function(s) of protein glycosylation in insects. We focus on N- and O-glycosylation, their synthesis, physiological role(s), as well as the molecular and biochemical basis of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Walski
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof De Schutter
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rojas R, Segovia C, Trombert AN, Santander J, Manque P. The effect of tunicamycin on the glucose uptake, growth, and cellular adhesion in the protozoan parasite Crithidia fasciculata. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:541-8. [PMID: 24894907 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Crithidia fasciculata represents a very interesting model organism to study biochemical, cellular, and genetic processes unique to members of the family of the Trypanosomatidae. Thus, C. fasciculata parasitizes several species of insects and has been widely used to test new therapeutic strategies against parasitic infections. By using tunicamycin, a potent inhibitor of glycosylation in asparaginyl residues of glycoproteins (N-glycosylation), we demonstrate that N-glycosylation in C. fasciculata cells is involved in modulating glucose uptake, dramatically impacting growth, and cell adhesion. C. fasciculata treated with tunicamycin was severely affected in their ability to replicate and to adhere to polystyrene substrates and losing their ability to aggregate into small and large groups. Moreover, under tunicamycin treatment, the parasites were considerably shorter and rounder and displayed alterations in cytoplasmic vesicles formation. Furthermore, glucose uptake was significantly impaired in a tunicamycin dose-dependent manner; however, no cytotoxic effect was observed. Interestingly, this effect was reversible. Thus, when tunicamycin was removed from the culture media, the parasites recovered its growth rate, cell adhesion properties, and glucose uptake. Collectively, these results suggest that changes in the tunicamycin-dependent glycosylation levels can influence glucose uptake, cell growth, and adhesion in the protozoan parasite C. fasciculata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rojas
- Nucleus for Microbiology and Immunity, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Campus Huechuraba, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gurudev N, Yuan M, Knust E. chaoptin, prominin, eyes shut and crumbs form a genetic network controlling the apical compartment of Drosophila photoreceptor cells. Biol Open 2014; 3:332-41. [PMID: 24705015 PMCID: PMC4021355 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical surface of epithelial cells is often highly specialised to fulfil cell type-specific functions. Many epithelial cells expand their apical surface by forming microvilli, actin-based, finger-like membrane protrusions. The apical surface of Drosophila photoreceptor cells (PRCs) forms tightly packed microvilli, which are organised into the photosensitive rhabdomeres. As previously shown, the GPI-anchored adhesion protein Chaoptin is required for the stability of the microvilli, whereas the transmembrane protein Crumbs is essential for proper rhabdomere morphogenesis. Here we show that chaoptin synergises with crumbs to ensure optimal rhabdomere width. In addition, reduction of crumbs ameliorates morphogenetic defects observed in PRCs mutant for prominin and eyes shut, known antagonists of chaoptin. These results suggest that these four genes provide a balance of adhesion and anti-adhesion to maintain microvilli development and maintenance. Similar to crumbs mutant PRCs, PRCs devoid of prominin or eyes shut undergo light-dependent retinal degeneration. Given the observation that human orthologues of crumbs, prominin and eyes shut result in progressive retinal degeneration and blindness, the Drosophila eye is ideally suited to unravel the genetic and cellular mechanisms that ensure morphogenesis of PRCs and their maintenance under light-mediated stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagananda Gurudev
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michaela Yuan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Negative expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V in oral squamous cell carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:657. [PMID: 24349959 PMCID: PMC3863399 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), an enzyme with a key role in the branching of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is strongly linked to tumor invasion and metastasis of many solid tumors. Here we searched for correlations between the clinical features of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and GnT-V expression in the tumor, and we studied the feasibility of using GnT-V as a marker for oral cancer prognosis. Samples from 68 patients with OSCC were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against GnT-V. Correlations between the expression level of GnT-V in the tumor and patient clinical features were statistically analyzed. Positive GnT-V expression was found in 48 cases (70.6%), and negative GnT-V expression was found in 20 cases (29.4%). Negative GnT-V expression was associated with mode of invasion by multiple logistic regression analysis (OR: 3.605; P = 0.048). Biological characteristics of tumors and the Ki-67 labeling index were higher in tumors with negative GnT-V expression than in those with positive GnT-V expression, although the difference was not significant (P = 0.176). Patients with negative GnT-V expression had significantly shorter survival than those with tumors having positive GnT-V expression (5-year survival rate, 58.2% and 86.5%, respectively; P = 0.025). Negative GnT-V expression was a significant unfavorable prognostic factor for OSCC (hazard ratio, 4.246; P = 0.045). The loss of GnT-V expression is a likely indicator of tumors with high potential of tumor invasion and poor prognosis in OSCC patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zou S, Huang S, Kaleem I, Li C. N-Glycosylation enhances functional and structural stability of recombinant β-glucuronidase expressed in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:75-81. [PMID: 23313889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant β-glucuronidase (GUS) expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 is an important glycoprotein, encoded by a gene with four potential N-glycosylation sites. To investigate the impact of N-linked carbohydrate moieties on the stability of recombinant GUS, it was deglycosylated by peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F) under native conditions. The enzymatic activities of the glycosylated and deglycosylated GUS were compared under various conditions such as temperature, pH, organic solvents, detergents and chaotropic agent. The results demonstrated that the glycosylated GUS retained greater fraction of maximum enzymatic activity against various types of denaturants compared with the deglycosylated. The conformational stabilities of both GUS were analyzed by monitoring the unfolding equilibrium by using the denaturant guanidinium chloride (dn-HCl). The glycosylated GUS displayed a significant increase in its conformational stability than the deglycosylated counterpart. These results affirmed the key role of N-glycosylation on the structural and functional stability of β-glucuronidase and could have potential applications in the functional enhancement of industrial enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zou
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen YT, Chong YM, Cheng CW, Ho CL, Tsai HW, Kasten FH, Chen YL, Chang CF. Identification of novel tumor markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma using glycoproteomic analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 420:45-53. [PMID: 23078850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer, the largest subset of head and neck cancer, has become one of the most lethal malignancies during the last two decades. Although several diagnostic tools have been applied for the early detection of oral malignancies, it is still urgent to identify novel tumor markers. In this study, we explored the cell surface N-glycomes of primary cultured human oral keratinocytes (HOK), immortalized human gingival keratinocytes (SG cells), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OC2). METHODS Enzymatically hydrolyzed cell surface N-glycans were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS High levels of fucosylated N-glycans, especially core-fucosylated N-glycans, were observed on the OC2 cell surface whereas the major N-glycans on SG and HOK cells were high mannose type. In addition, the mRNA expression level of fucosyltransferase 8 was elevated significantly in OC2 cells than in SG and HOK cells. Core-fucosylated glycoproteins of OC2 cells were then purified with lectin affinity chromatography and a key adhesion molecule in cancer cells, CD147, was identified. Finally, overexpression of cell surface CD147 was confirmed on OC2 cells and oral cancer tissues (tissue array). CONCLUSIONS CD147 was discovered by glycoproteomic approaches and suggested to be a potential novel tumor marker for oral cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drosophila GPI-mannosyltransferase 2 is required for GPI anchor attachment and surface expression of chaoptin. Vis Neurosci 2012; 29:143-56. [PMID: 22575127 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523812000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors are critical for the membrane attachment of a wide variety of essential signaling and cell adhesion proteins. The GPI anchor is a complex glycolipid structure that utilizes glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferases (GPI-MTs) for the addition of three core mannose residues during its biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila GPI-MT2 is required for the GPI-mediated membrane attachment of several GPI-anchored proteins, including the photoreceptor-specific cell adhesion molecule, chaoptin. Mutations in gpi-mt2 lead to defects in chaoptin trafficking to the plasma membrane in Drosophila photoreceptor cells. In gpi-mt2 mutants, loss of sufficient chaoptin in the membrane leads to microvillar instability, photoreceptor cell pathology, and retinal degeneration. Finally, using site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified key amino acids that are essential for GPI-MT2 function and cell viability in Drosophila. Our findings on GPI-MT2 provide a mechanistic link between GPI anchor biosynthesis and protein trafficking in Drosophila and shed light on a novel mechanism for inherited retinal degeneration.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yano H, Yamamoto-Hino M, Awano W, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Tsuda-Sakurai K, Okano H, Goto S. Identification of proteasome components required for apical localization of Chaoptin using functional genomics. J Neurogenet 2012; 26:53-63. [PMID: 22417167 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2012.661497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: the distinct localization of membrane proteins with regard to cell polarity is crucial for the structure and function of various organs in multicellular organisms. However, the molecules and mechanisms that regulate protein localization to particular subcellular domains are still largely unknown. To identify the genes involved in regulation of protein localization, the authors performed a large-scale screen using a Drosophila RNA interference (RNAi) library, by which Drosophila genes could be knocked down in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Drosophila photoreceptor cells have a morphologically distinct apicobasal polarity, along which Chaoptin (Chp), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein, and the Na (+) , K(+) -ATPase are localized to the apical and basolateral domains, respectively. By examining the subcellular localization of these proteins, the authors identified 106 genes whose knockdown resulted in mislocalization of Chp and Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the knockdown of proteasome components resulted in mislocalization of Chp to the basolateral plasma membrane. These results suggest that the proteasome is involved, directly or indirectly, in selective localization of Chp to the apical plasma membrane of Drosophila photoreceptor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yano
- Research Group of Glycobiology and Glycotechnology , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Temperature dependent N-glycosylation of plasma membrane heat shock protein Hsp30p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Yamamoto-Hino M, Kanie Y, Awano W, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Yano H, Nishihara S, Okano H, Ueda R, Kanie O, Goto S. Identification of genes required for neural-specific glycosylation using functional genomics. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001254. [PMID: 21203496 PMCID: PMC3009669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays crucial regulatory roles in various biological processes such as development, immunity, and neural functions. For example, α1,3-fucosylation, the addition of a fucose moiety abundant in Drosophila neural cells, is essential for neural development, function, and behavior. However, it remains largely unknown how neural-specific α1,3-fucosylation is regulated. In the present study, we searched for genes involved in the glycosylation of a neural-specific protein using a Drosophila RNAi library. We obtained 109 genes affecting glycosylation that clustered into nine functional groups. Among them, members of the RNA regulation group were enriched by a secondary screen that identified genes specifically regulating α1,3-fucosylation. Further analyses revealed that an RNA-binding protein, second mitotic wave missing (Swm), upregulates expression of the neural-specific glycosyltransferase FucTA and facilitates its mRNA export from the nucleus. This first large-scale genetic screen for glycosylation-related genes has revealed novel regulation of fucTA mRNA in neural cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Yamamoto-Hino
- Research Group of Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, Mitsubishi-kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kanie
- Research Group of Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, Mitsubishi-kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakae Awano
- Mutant Flies Laboratory, Mitsubishi-kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Research Group of Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, Mitsubishi-kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryu Ueda
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Kanie
- Research Group of Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, Mitsubishi-kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Research Group of Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, Mitsubishi-kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kanie Y, Yamamoto-Hino M, Karino Y, Yokozawa H, Nishihara S, Ueda R, Goto S, Kanie O. Insight into the regulation of glycan synthesis in Drosophila chaoptin based on mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5434. [PMID: 19415110 PMCID: PMC2672165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of N-glycans attached to protein are known to involve in many important biological functions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi localized enzymes are responsible to this template-independent glycan synthesis resulting glycoforms at each asparagine residues. The regulation mechanism such glycan synthesis remains largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to investigate the relationship between glycan structure and protein conformation, we analyzed a glycoprotein of Drosophila melanogaster, chaoptin (Chp), which is localized in photoreceptor cells and is bound to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Detailed analysis based on mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 13 N-glycosylation sites and the composition of the glycoform at each site. The synthetic pathway of glycans was speculated from the observed glycan structures and the composition at each N-glycosylation site, where the presence of novel routes were suggested. The distribution of glycoforms on a Chp polypeptide suggested that various processing enzymes act on the exterior of Chp in the Golgi apparatus, although virtually no enzyme can gain access to the interior of the horseshoe-shaped scaffold, hence explaining the presence of longer glycans within the interior. Furthermore, analysis of Chp from a mutant (RNAi against dolichyl-phosphate α-d-mannosyltransferase), which affects N-glycan synthesis in the ER, revealed that truncated glycan structures were processed. As a result, the distribution of glycoforms was affected for the high-mannose-type glycans only, whereas other types of glycans remained similar to those observed in the control and wild-type. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate that glycan processing depends largely on the backbone structure of the parent polypeptide. The information we obtained can be applied to other members of the LRR family of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kanie
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Yamamoto-Hino
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Karino
- Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yokozawa
- Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Division of Cell Biology, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Ueda
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kanie
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Machida, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|