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Mulvey H, Dolan L. RHO of plant signaling was established early in streptophyte evolution. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5515-5525.e4. [PMID: 38039969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The algal ancestors of land plants underwent a transition from a unicellular to a multicellular body plan.1 This transition likely took place early in streptophyte evolution, sometime after the divergence of the Chlorokybophyceae/Mesostigmatophyceae lineage, but before the divergence of the Klebsormidiophyceae lineage.2 How this transition was brought about is unknown; however, it was likely facilitated by the evolution of novel mechanisms to spatially regulate morphogenesis. In land plants, RHO of plant (ROP) signaling plays a conserved role in regulating polarized cell growth and cell division orientation to orchestrate morphogenesis.3,4,5,6,7,8 ROP constitutes a plant-specific subfamily of the RHO GTPases, which are more widely conserved throughout eukaryotes.9,10 Although the RHO family originated in early eukaryotes,11,12 how and when the ROP subfamily originated had remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that ROP signaling was established early in the streptophyte lineage, sometime after the divergence of the Chlorokybophyceae/Mesostigmatophyceae lineage, but before the divergence of the Klebsormidiophyceae lineage. This period corresponds to when the unicellular-to-multicellular transition likely took place in the streptophytes. In addition to being critical for the complex morphogenesis of extant land plants, we speculate that ROP signaling contributed to morphological evolution in early streptophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Mulvey
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria.
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2
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Rozanova IV, Grigoriev YN, Efimov VM, Igoshin AV, Khlestkina EK. Genetic Dissection of Spike Productivity Traits in the Siberian Collection of Spring Barley. Biomolecules 2023; 13:909. [PMID: 37371489 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most commonly cultivated cereals worldwide. Its local varieties can represent a valuable source of unique genetic variants useful for crop improvement. The aim of this study was to reveal loci contributing to spike productivity traits in Siberian spring barley and to develop diagnostic DNA markers for marker-assisted breeding programs. For this purpose we conducted a genome-wide association study using a panel of 94 barley varieties. In total, 64 SNPs significantly associated with productivity traits were revealed. Twenty-three SNP markers were validated by genotyping in an independent sample set using competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP). Finally, fourteen markers associated with spike productivity traits on chromosomes 2H, 4H and 5H can be suggested for use in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Rozanova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva Ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy N Grigoriev
- Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding-Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, 630501 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim M Efimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva Ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Igoshin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva Ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K Khlestkina
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva Ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Weiß L, Gaelings L, Reiner T, Mergner J, Kuster B, Fehér A, Hensel G, Gahrtz M, Kumlehn J, Engelhardt S, Hückelhoven R. Posttranslational modification of the RHO of plants protein RACB by phosphorylation and cross-kingdom conserved ubiquitination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258924. [PMID: 35333858 PMCID: PMC8956194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RHO-type G-proteins act as signaling hubs and master regulators of polarity in eukaryotic cells. Their activity is tightly controlled, as defective RHO signaling leads to aberrant growth and developmental defects. Two major processes regulate G-protein activity: canonical shuttling between different nucleotide bound states and posttranslational modification (PTM), of which the latter can support or suppress RHO signaling, depending on the individual PTM. In plants, regulation of Rho of plants (ROPs) signaling activity has been shown to act through nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis, as well as through lipid modification, but there is little data available on phosphorylation or ubiquitination of ROPs. Hence, we applied proteomic analyses to identify PTMs of the barley ROP RACB. We observed in vitro phosphorylation by barley ROP binding kinase 1 and in vivo ubiquitination of RACB. Comparative analyses of the newly identified RACB phosphosites and human RHO protein phosphosites revealed conservation of modified amino acid residues, but no overlap of actual phosphorylation patterns. However, the identified RACB ubiquitination site is conserved in all ROPs from Hordeum vulgare, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and in mammalian Rac1 and Rac3. Point mutation of this ubiquitination site leads to stabilization of RACB. Hence, this highly conserved lysine residue may regulate protein stability across different kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Weiß
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Tina Reiner
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), TUM, Freising, Germany
| | - Attila Fehér
- Chair of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, and Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Götz Hensel
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manfred Gahrtz
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kou X, Cao P, He Q, Wang P, Zhang S, Wu J. PbrROP1/2-elicited imbalance of cellulose deposition is mediated by a CrRLK1L-ROPGEF module in the pollen tube of Pyrus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab034. [PMID: 35043175 PMCID: PMC8824538 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is critical for the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinases (CrRLK1L) play an important role in plant sexual reproduction, pollen tube growth, and male and female gametophyte recognition. Here, we identified a CrRLK1L protein in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), PbrCrRLK1L13, which is necessary for normal tip growth of pollen tube. When PbrCrRLK1L13 was knocked down, the pollen tube grew faster. Interaction analysis showed that the kinase domain of PbrCrRLK1L13 interacted with the C-terminal region of PbrGEF8, and PbrCrRLK1L13 activated the phosphorylation of PbrGEF8 in vitro. Furthermore, PbrROP1 and PbrROP2 were the downstream targets of PbrCrRLK1L13-PbrGEF8. When we knocked down the expression of PbrCrRLK1L13, PbrGEF8 or PbrROP1/2, the balance of cellulose deposition in the pollen tube wall was disrupted. Considering these factors, we proposed a model for a signaling event regulating pear pollen tube growth. During pear pollen tube elongation, PbrCrRLK1L13 acted as a surface regulator of the PbrROP1 and PbrROP2 signaling pathway via PbrGEF8 to affect the balance of cellulose deposition and regulate pear pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Kou
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianke He
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Ménesi D, Klement É, Ferenc G, Fehér A. The Arabidopsis Rho of Plants GTPase ROP1 Is a Potential Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK) Substrate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2053. [PMID: 34685862 PMCID: PMC8539224 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant Rho-type GTPases (ROPs) are versatile molecular switches involved in a number of signal transduction pathways. Although it is well known that they are indirectly linked to protein kinases, our knowledge about their direct functional interaction with upstream or downstream protein kinases is scarce. It is reasonable to suppose that similarly to their animal counterparts, ROPs might also be regulated by phosphorylation. There is only, however, very limited experimental evidence to support this view. Here, we present the analysis of two potential phosphorylation sites of AtROP1 and two types of potential ROP-kinases. The S74 site of AtROP1 has been previously shown to potentially regulate AtROP1 activation dependent on its phosphorylation state. However, the kinase phosphorylating this evolutionarily conserved site could not be identified: we show here that despite of the appropriate phosphorylation site consensus sequences around S74 neither the selected AGC nor CPK kinases phosphorylate S74 of AtROP1 in vitro. However, we identified several phosphorylation sites other than S74 for the CPK17 and 34 kinases in AtROP1. One of these sites, S97, was tested for biological relevance. Although the mutation of S97 to alanine (which cannot be phosphorylated) or glutamic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) somewhat altered the protein interaction strength of AtROP1 in yeast cells, the mutant proteins did not modify pollen tube growth in an in vivo test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Ménesi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Éva Klement
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; or
- Single Cell Omics ACF, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Ferenc
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Rochman ND, Wolf YI, Koonin EV. Deep phylogeny of cancer drivers and compensatory mutations. Commun Biol 2020; 3:551. [PMID: 33009502 PMCID: PMC7532533 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Driver mutations (DM) are the genetic impetus for most cancers. The DM are assumed to be deleterious in species evolution, being eliminated by purifying selection unless compensated by other mutations. We present deep phylogenies for 84 cancer driver genes and investigate the prevalence of 434 DM across gene-species trees. The DM are rare in species evolution, and 181 are completely absent, validating their negative fitness effect. The DM are more common in unicellular than in multicellular eukaryotes, suggesting a link between these mutations and cell proliferation control. 18 DM appear as the ancestral state in one or more major clades, including 3 among mammals. We identify within-gene, compensatory mutations for 98 DM and infer likely interactions between the DM and compensatory sites in protein structures. These findings elucidate the evolutionary status of DM and are expected to advance the understanding of the functions and evolution of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Rochman et al. present deep phylogenies for 84 cancer driver genes and examine the prevalence of driver mutations across gene-species trees. Their results show that driver mutations are rare in species evolution and give insight into the evolution of driver mutations and oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash D Rochman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
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7
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Lajkó DB, Valkai I, Domoki M, Ménesi D, Ferenc G, Ayaydin F, Fehér A. In silico identification and experimental validation of amino acid motifs required for the Rho-of-plants GTPase-mediated activation of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:627-639. [PMID: 29340786 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several amino acid motifs required for Rop-dependent activity were found to form a common surface on RLCKVI_A kinases. This indicates a unique mechanism for Rho-type GTPase-mediated kinase activation in plants. Rho-of-plants (Rop) G-proteins are implicated in the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell growth, cell polarity, hormonal and pathogen responses. Our knowledge about the signalling pathways downstream of Rops is continuously increasing. However, there are still substantial gaps in this knowledge. One reason for this is that these pathways are considerably different from those described for yeast and/or animal Rho-type GTPases. Among others, plants lack all Rho/Rac/Cdc42-activated kinase families. Only a small group of plant-specific receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCK VI_A) has been shown to exhibit Rop-binding-dependent in vitro activity. These kinases do not carry any known GTPase-binding motifs. Based on the sequence comparison of the Rop-activated RLCK VI_A and the closely related but constitutively active RLCK VI_B kinases, several distinguishing amino acid residues/motifs were identified. All but one of these were found to be required for the Rop-mediated regulation of the in vitro activity of two RLCK VI_A kinases. Structural modelling indicated that these motifs might form a common Rop-binding surface. Based on in silico data mining, kinases that have the identified Rop-binding motifs are present in Embryophyta but not in unicellular green algae. It can, therefore, be supposed that Rops recruited these plant-specific kinases for signalling at an early stage of land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dézi Bianka Lajkó
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Valkai
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Mónika Domoki
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Dalma Ménesi
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Ferenc
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Attila Fehér
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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Fehér A, Lajkó DB. Signals fly when kinases meet Rho-of-plants (ROP) small G-proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 237:93-107. [PMID: 26089155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rho-type small GTP-binding plant proteins function as two-state molecular switches in cellular signalling. There is accumulating evidence that Rho-of-plants (ROP) signalling is positively controlled by plant receptor kinases, through the ROP guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins. These signalling modules regulate cell polarity, cell shape, hormone responses, and pathogen defence, among other things. Other ROP-regulatory proteins might also be subjected to protein phosphorylation by cellular kinases (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinases or calcium-dependent protein kinases), in order to integrate various cellular signalling pathways with ROP GTPase-dependent processes. In contrast to the role of kinases in upstream ROP regulation, much less is known about the potential link between ROP GTPases and downstream kinase signalling. In other eukaryotes, Rho-type G-protein-activated kinases are widespread and have a key role in many cellular processes. Recent data indicate the existence of structurally different ROP-activated kinases in plants, but their ROP-dependent biological functions still need to be validated. In addition to these direct interactions, ROPs may also indirectly control the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases or calcium-dependent protein kinases. These kinases may therefore function as upstream as well as downstream kinases in ROP-mediated signalling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinases involved in cell polarity establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Dézi Bianka Lajkó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Singh MK, Ren F, Giesemann T, Dal Bosco C, Pasternak TP, Blein T, Ruperti B, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Molendijk AJ, Palme K. Modification of plant Rac/Rop GTPase signalling using bacterial toxin transgenes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:314-24. [PMID: 23020817 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial protein toxins which modify Rho GTPase are useful for the analysis of Rho signalling in animal cells, but these toxins cannot be taken up by plant cells. We demonstrate in vitro deamidation of Arabidopsis Rop4 by Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) and glucosylation by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Expression of the catalytic domain of CNF1 caused modification and activation of co-expressed Arabidopsis Rop4 GTPase in tobacco leaves, resulting in hypersensitive-like cell death. By contrast, the catalytic domain of toxin B modified and inactivated co-expressed constitutively active Rop4, blocking the hypersensitive response caused by over-expression of active Rops. In transgenic Arabidopsis, both CNF1 and toxin B inhibited Rop-dependent polar morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells. Toxin B expression also inhibited Rop-dependent morphogenesis of root hairs and trichome branching, and resulted in root meristem enlargement and dwarf growth. Our results show that CNF1 and toxin B transgenes are effective tools in Rop GTPase signalling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Singh
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II/Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fugang Ren
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II/Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Giesemann
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Dal Bosco
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II/Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Taras P Pasternak
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II/Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blein
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II/Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Science, University of Padova, Via Romea, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur J Molendijk
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II/Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology (FRISYS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II/Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology (FRISYS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre of Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Mucha E, Fricke I, Schaefer A, Wittinghofer A, Berken A. Rho proteins of plants – Functional cycle and regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:934-43. [PMID: 21277045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Fodor-Dunai C, Fricke I, Potocký M, Dorjgotov D, Domoki M, Jurca ME, Otvös K, Zárský V, Berken A, Fehér A. The phosphomimetic mutation of an evolutionarily conserved serine residue affects the signaling properties of Rho of plants (ROPs). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 66:669-79. [PMID: 21309864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant ROP (Rho of plants) proteins form a unique subgroup within the family of Rho-type small G-proteins of eukaryotes. In this paper we demonstrate that the phosphomimetic mutation of a serine residue conserved in all Rho proteins affects the signaling properties of plant ROPs. We found that the S74E mutation in Medicago ROP6 and Arabidopsis ROP4 prevented the binding of these proteins to their plant-specific upstream activator the plant-specific ROP nucleotide exchanger (PRONE)-domain-containing RopGEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) protein and abolished the PRONE-mediated nucleotide exchange reaction in vitro. Structural modeling supported the hypothesis that potential phosphorylation of the S74 residue interferes with the binding of the PRONE-domain to the adjacent plant-specific R76 residue which plays an important role in functional ROP-PRONE interaction. Moreover, we show that while the binding of constitutively active MsROP6 to the effector protein RIC (ROP-interactive CRIB-motif-containing protein) was not affected by the S74E mutation, the capability of this mutated protein to bind and activate the RRK1 kinase in vitro was reduced. These observations are in agreement with the morphology of tobacco pollen tubes expressing mutant forms of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP):MsROP6. The S74E mutation in MsROP6 had no influence on pollen tube morphology and attenuated the phenotype of a constitutively active form of MsROP6. The presented Medicago and Arabidopsis data support the notion that the phosphorylation of the serine residue in ROPs corresponding to S74 in Medicago ROP6 could be a general principle for regulating ROP activation and signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Fodor-Dunai
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Thomas C, Berken A. Structure and Function of ROPs and their GEFs. INTEGRATED G PROTEINS SIGNALING IN PLANTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03524-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Thomas C, Fricke I, Weyand M, Berken A. 3D structure of a binary ROP-PRONE complex: the final intermediate for a complete set of molecular snapshots of the RopGEF reaction. Biol Chem 2009; 390:427-35. [PMID: 19335195 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) catalyze the activation of GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) in a multi-step reaction comprising intermediary complexes with and without nucleotide. Rho proteins of plants (ROPs) are activated by novel RopGEFs with a catalytic PRONE domain. We have previously characterized structures of GDP-bound ROP and a ternary complex between plant-specific ROP nucleotide exchanger (PRONE) and ROP including loosely bound GDP. Now, we complete the molecular snapshots of the RopGEF reaction with the nucleotide-free ROP-PRONE structure at 2.9 A. The binary complex surprisingly closely resembles the preceding ternary intermediate including an unusually intact P-loop in the G protein. A striking difference is the prominent contact of the invariant P-loop lysine to a conserved switch II glutamate in ROP, favoring a key role of this interaction in driving out the nucleotide. The nucleotide-free state is supported by additional interactions involving the essential WW-motif in PRONE. We propose that this GEF region stabilizes the intact P-loop conformation, which facilitates re-association with a new nucleotide and further promotes the overall exchange reaction. With our novel structure, we provide further insights into the nucleotide exchange mechanism and present a first example of the complete GEF reaction at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thomas
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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