1
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Ho PC, Hsieh TC, Tsai KJ. TDP-43 proteinopathy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: From pathomechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102441. [PMID: 39069095 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Proteostasis failure is a common pathological characteristic in neurodegenerative diseases. Revitalizing clearance systems could effectively mitigate these diseases. The transactivation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) plays a critical role as an RNA/DNA-binding protein in RNA metabolism and synaptic function. Accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates in the central nervous system is a hallmark of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy, a major and highly conserved degradation pathway, holds the potential for degrading aggregated TDP-43 and alleviating FTLD/ALS. This review explores the causes of TDP-43 aggregation, FTLD/ALS-related genes, key autophagy factors, and autophagy-based therapeutic strategies targeting TDP-43 proteinopathy. Understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms of TDP-43 proteinopathy can facilitate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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2
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Li W, Li HL, Wang JZ, Liu R, Wang X. Abnormal protein post-translational modifications induces aggregation and abnormal deposition of protein, mediating neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38347638 PMCID: PMC10863199 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PPTMs) refer to a series of chemical modifications that occur after the synthesis of protein. Proteins undergo different modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and so on. These modifications can alter the protein's structure, function, and interaction, thereby regulating its biological activity. In neurodegenerative diseases, several proteins undergo abnormal post-translational modifications, which leads to aggregation and abnormal deposition of protein, thus resulting in neuronal death and related diseases. For example, the main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are the aggregation of beta-amyloid protein and abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. The abnormal ubiquitination and loss of α-synuclein are related to the onset of Parkinson's disease. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and so on are also connected with abnormal PPTMs. Therefore, studying the abnormal PPTMs in neurodegenerative diseases is critical for understanding the mechanism of these diseases and the development of significant therapeutic strategies. This work reviews the implications of PPTMs in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses the relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Lian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, JS, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, JS, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Tsoi PS, Quan MD, Ferreon JC, Ferreon ACM. Aggregation of Disordered Proteins Associated with Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3380. [PMID: 36834792 PMCID: PMC9966039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular deposition of protein aggregates, one of the hallmarks of neurodegeneration, disrupts cellular functions and leads to neuronal death. Mutations, posttranslational modifications, and truncations are common molecular underpinnings in the formation of aberrant protein conformations that seed aggregation. The major proteins involved in neurodegeneration include amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, and TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These proteins are described as intrinsically disordered and possess enhanced ability to partition into biomolecular condensates. In this review, we discuss the role of protein misfolding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases, specifically highlighting implications of changes to the primary/secondary (mutations, posttranslational modifications, and truncations) and the quaternary/supramolecular (oligomerization and condensation) structural landscapes for the four aforementioned proteins. Understanding these aggregation mechanisms provides insights into neurodegenerative diseases and their common underlying molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josephine C. Ferreon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allan Chris M. Ferreon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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BAG6 prevents the aggregation of neurodegeneration-associated fragments of TDP43. iScience 2022; 25:104273. [PMID: 35542047 PMCID: PMC9079172 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is associated with the aggregation of proteins bearing solvent-exposed hydrophobicity as a result of their misfolding and/or proteolytic cleavage. An understanding of the cellular protein quality control mechanisms which prevent protein aggregation is fundamental to understanding the etiology of neurodegeneration. By examining the metabolism of disease-linked C-terminal fragments of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43), we found that the Bcl-2 associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) functions as a sensor of proteolytic fragments bearing exposed hydrophobicity and prevents their intracellular aggregation. In addition, BAG6 facilitates the ubiquitylation of TDP43 fragments by recruiting the Ub-ligase, Ring finger protein 126 (RNF126). Authenticating its role in preventing aggregation, we found that TDP43 fragments form intracellular aggregates in the absence of BAG6. Finally, we found that BAG6 could interact with and solubilize additional neurodegeneration-associated proteolytic fragments. Therefore, BAG6 plays a general role in preventing intracellular aggregation associated with neurodegeneration. Proteolytic cleavage generates protein fragments bearing exposed hydrophobicity BAG6 maintains the solubility and directs the degradation of protein fragments BAG6 prevents intracellular aggregation associated with neurodegeneration
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5
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Šušnjar U, Škrabar N, Brown AL, Abbassi Y, Phatnani H, Cortese A, Cereda C, Bugiardini E, Cardani R, Meola G, Ripolone M, Moggio M, Romano M, Secrier M, Fratta P, Buratti E. Cell environment shapes TDP-43 function with implications in neuronal and muscle disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:314. [PMID: 35383280 PMCID: PMC8983780 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) aggregation and redistribution are recognised as a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. As TDP-43 inclusions have recently been described in the muscle of inclusion body myositis patients, this highlights the need to understand the role of TDP-43 beyond the central nervous system. Using RNA-seq, we directly compare TDP-43-mediated RNA processing in muscle (C2C12) and neuronal (NSC34) mouse cells. TDP-43 displays a cell-type-characteristic behaviour targeting unique transcripts in each cell-type, which is due to characteristic expression of RNA-binding proteins, that influence TDP-43's performance and define cell-type specific splicing. Among splicing events commonly dysregulated in both cell lines, we identify some that are TDP-43-dependent also in human cells. Inclusion levels of these alternative exons are altered in tissues of patients suffering from FTLD and IBM. We therefore propose that TDP-43 dysfunction contributes to disease development either in a common or a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urša Šušnjar
- Molecular Pathology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Neva Škrabar
- Tumour Virology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Generatio GmbH, Center for Animal, Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Leigh Brown
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yasmine Abbassi
- Molecular Pathology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- BioCor Biobank, UOC SMEL-1 of Clinical Pathology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
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6
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Huang Z, Ba Z, Huang N, Li Y, Luo Y. Aberrant TDP-43 phosphorylation: a key wind gap from TDP-43 to TDP-43 proteinopathy. IBRAIN 2021; 7:119-131. [PMID: 37786905 PMCID: PMC10528777 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathy is a kind of neurodegenerative diseases related to the TAR DNA-binding protein of 43-kDa molecular weight (TDP-43). The typical neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and so on. As the disease process cannot be blocked or slowed down, these patients have poor quality of life and poor prognosis, and bring a huge burden to the family and society. So far, the specific pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy is not clear, and there is no effective preventive measure and treatment program for this kind of disease. TDP-43 plays an important role in triggering or promoting the occurrence and progression of TDP-43 proteinopathy. The hyperphosphorylation of TDP-43 is undoubtedly an important factor in triggering or promoting the process of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Hyperphosphorylation of TDP-43 can inhibit the degradation of TDP-43, aggravate the aggregation of TDP-43 protein, increase the wrong localization of TDP-43 in cells, and enhance the cytotoxicity of TDP-43. More and more evidences show that the hyperphosphorylation of TDP-43 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Inhibition of TDP-43 hyperphosphorylation may be one of the important strategies for the treatment of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Therefore, this article reviews the role of TDP-43 phosphorylation in TDP-43 proteinopathy and the related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Qi Huang
- Department of NeurologyThird Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Sheng Ba
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Nan‐Qu Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Li
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of NeurologyThird Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
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7
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Cicardi ME, Marrone L, Azzouz M, Trotti D. Proteostatic imbalance and protein spreading in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106389. [PMID: 33792056 PMCID: PMC8126909 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder whose exact causative mechanisms are still under intense investigation. Several lines of evidence suggest that the anatomical and temporal propagation of pathological protein species along the neural axis could be among the main driving mechanisms for the fast and irreversible progression of ALS pathology. Many ALS-associated proteins form intracellular aggregates as a result of their intrinsic prion-like properties and/or following impairment of the protein quality control systems. During the disease course, these mutated proteins and aberrant peptides are released in the extracellular milieu as soluble or aggregated forms through a variety of mechanisms. Internalization by recipient cells may seed further aggregation and amplify existing proteostatic imbalances, thus triggering a vicious cycle that propagates pathology in vulnerable cells, such as motor neurons and other susceptible neuronal subtypes. Here, we provide an in-depth review of ALS pathology with a particular focus on the disease mechanisms of seeding and transmission of the most common ALS-associated proteins, including SOD1, FUS, TDP-43, and C9orf72-linked dipeptide repeats. For each of these proteins, we report historical, biochemical, and pathological evidence of their behaviors in ALS. We further discuss the possibility to harness pathological proteins as biomarkers and reflect on the implications of these findings for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Cicardi
- Department of NeuroscienceWeinberg ALS CenterVickie and Jack Farber Institute for NeuroscienceThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Lara Marrone
- Department of NeuroscienceSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Department of NeuroscienceSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Davide Trotti
- Department of NeuroscienceWeinberg ALS CenterVickie and Jack Farber Institute for NeuroscienceThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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8
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Bharathi V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Role of CNC1 gene in TDP-43 aggregation-induced oxidative stress-mediated cell death in S. cerevisiae model of ALS. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118993. [PMID: 33647321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 protein is found deposited as inclusions in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient's brain. The mechanism of neuron death in ALS is not fully deciphered but several TDP-43 toxicity mechanisms such as mis-regulation of autophagy, mitochondrial impairment and generation of oxidative stress etc., have been implicated. A predominantly nuclear protein, Cyclin C, can regulate the oxidative stress response via transcription of stress response genes and also by translocation to the cytoplasm for the activation of mitochondrial fragmentation-dependent cell death pathway. Using the well-established yeast TDP-43 proteinopathy model, we examined here whether upon TDP-43 aggregation, cell survival depends on the CNC1 gene that encodes the Cyclin C protein or other genes which encode proteins that function in conjunction with Cyclin C, such as DNM1, FIS1 and MED13. We show that the TDP-43's toxicity is significantly reduced in yeast deleted for CNC1 or DNM1 genes and remains unaltered by deletions of genes, FIS1 and MED13. Importantly, this rescue is observed only in presence of functional mitochondria. Also, deletion of the YBH3 gene involved in the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway reduced the TDP-43 toxicity. Deletion of the VPS1 gene involved in the peroxisomal fission pathway did not mitigate the TDP-43 toxicity. Strikingly, Cyclin C-YFP was observed to relocate to the cytoplasm in response to TDP-43's co-expression which was prevented by addition of an anti-oxidant molecule, N-acetyl cysteine. Overall, the Cyclin C, Dnm1 and Ybh3 proteins are found to be important players in the TDP-43-induced oxidative stress-mediated cell death in the S. cerevisiae model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Amandeep Girdhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Basant K Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India.
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9
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Park JH, Chung CG, Park SS, Lee D, Kim KM, Jeong Y, Kim ES, Cho JH, Jeon YM, Shen CKJ, Kim HJ, Hwang D, Lee SB. Cytosolic calcium regulates cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 through Calpain-A and Importin α3. eLife 2020; 9:60132. [PMID: 33305734 PMCID: PMC7748415 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in motor neurons is the most prominent pathological feature in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A feedback cycle between nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) defect and TDP-43 aggregation was shown to contribute to accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm. However, little is known about cellular factors that can control the activity of NCT, thereby affecting TDP-43 accumulation in the cytoplasm. Here, we identified via FRAP and optogenetics cytosolic calcium as a key cellular factor controlling NCT of TDP-43. Dynamic and reversible changes in TDP-43 localization were observed in Drosophila sensory neurons during development. Genetic and immunohistochemical analyses identified the cytosolic calcium-Calpain-A-Importin α3 pathway as a regulatory mechanism underlying NCT of TDP-43. In C9orf72 ALS fly models, upregulation of the pathway activity by increasing cytosolic calcium reduced cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 and mitigated behavioral defects. Together, these results suggest the calcium-Calpain-A-Importin α3 pathway as a potential therapeutic target of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyang Park
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein dynamics-based proteotoxicity control laboratory, Basic research lab, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein dynamics-based proteotoxicity control laboratory, Basic research lab, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soon Park
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein dynamics-based proteotoxicity control laboratory, Basic research lab, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein dynamics-based proteotoxicity control laboratory, Basic research lab, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Jeong
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein dynamics-based proteotoxicity control laboratory, Basic research lab, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Dementia research group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Cho
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein dynamics-based proteotoxicity control laboratory, Basic research lab, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia research group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - C-K James Shen
- Taipei Medical University/Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia research group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein dynamics-based proteotoxicity control laboratory, Basic research lab, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Dementia research group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ubiquitin Homeostasis Is Disrupted in TDP-43 and FUS Cell Models of ALS. iScience 2020; 23:101700. [PMID: 33196025 PMCID: PMC7644588 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology is the accumulation of ubiquitin (Ub) into intracellular inclusions. This sequestration of Ub may reduce the availability of free Ub, disrupting Ub homeostasis and ultimately compromising cellular function and survival. We previously reported significant disturbance of Ub homeostasis in neuronal-like cells expressing mutant SOD1. Here, we show that Ub homeostasis is also perturbed in neuronal-like cells expressing either TDP-43 or FUS. The expression of mutant TDP-43 and mutant FUS led to UPS dysfunction, which was associated with a redistribution of Ub and depletion of the free Ub pool. Redistribution of Ub is also a feature of sporadic ALS, with an increase in Ub signal associated with inclusions and no compensatory increase in Ub expression. Together, these findings suggest that alterations to Ub homeostasis caused by the misfolding and aggregation of ALS-associated proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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11
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Wobst HJ, Mack KL, Brown DG, Brandon NJ, Shorter J. The clinical trial landscape in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Past, present, and future. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1352-1384. [PMID: 32043626 PMCID: PMC7417284 DOI: 10.1002/med.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease marked by progressive loss of muscle function. It is the most common adult-onset form of motor neuron disease, affecting about 16 000 people in the United States alone. The average survival is about 3 years. Only two interventional drugs, the antiglutamatergic small-molecule riluzole and the more recent antioxidant edaravone, have been approved for the treatment of ALS to date. Therapeutic strategies under investigation in clinical trials cover a range of different modalities and targets, and more than 70 different drugs have been tested in the clinic to date. Here, we summarize and classify interventional therapeutic strategies based on their molecular targets and phenotypic effects. We also discuss possible reasons for the failure of clinical trials in ALS and highlight emerging preclinical strategies that could provide a breakthrough in the battle against this relentless disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike J Wobst
- Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Korrie L Mack
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Merck & Co, Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Dean G Brown
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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McGurk L, Rifai OM, Bonini NM. TDP-43, a protein central to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is destabilized by tankyrase-1 and -2. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs245811. [PMID: 32409565 PMCID: PMC7328137 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In >95% of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ∼45% of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), the RNA/DNA-binding protein TDP-43 is cleared from the nucleus and abnormally accumulates in the cytoplasm of affected brain cells. Although the cellular triggers of disease pathology remain enigmatic, mounting evidence implicates the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) in TDP-43 neurotoxicity. Here we show that inhibition of the PARP enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 (referred to as Tnks-1/2) protect primary rodent neurons from TDP-43-associated neurotoxicity. We demonstrate that Tnks-1/2 interacts with TDP-43 via a newly defined tankyrase-binding domain. Upon investigating the functional effect, we find that interaction with Tnks-1/2 inhibits the ubiquitination and proteasomal turnover of TDP-43, leading to its stabilization. We further show that proteasomal turnover of TDP-43 occurs preferentially in the nucleus; our data indicate that Tnks-1/2 stabilizes TDP-43 by promoting cytoplasmic accumulation, which sequesters the protein from nuclear proteasome degradation. Thus, Tnks-1/2 activity modulates TDP-43 and is a potential therapeutic target in diseases associated with TDP-43, such as ALS and FTD.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne McGurk
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olivia M Rifai
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Parakh S, Shadfar S, Perri ER, Ragagnin AMG, Piattoni CV, Fogolín MB, Yuan KC, Shahheydari H, Don EK, Thomas CJ, Hong Y, Comini MA, Laird AS, Spencer DM, Atkin JD. The Redox Activity of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibits ALS Phenotypes in Cellular and Zebrafish Models. iScience 2020; 23:101097. [PMID: 32446203 PMCID: PMC7240177 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological forms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are present in almost all cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and 20% of familial ALS cases are due to mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Redox regulation is critical to maintain cellular homeostasis, although how this relates to ALS is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the redox function of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is protective against protein misfolding, cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43, ER stress, ER-Golgi transport dysfunction, and apoptosis in neuronal cells expressing mutant TDP-43 or SOD1, and motor impairment in zebrafish expressing mutant SOD1. Moreover, previously described PDI mutants present in patients with ALS (D292N, R300H) lack redox activity and were not protective against ALS phenotypes. Hence, these findings implicate the redox activity of PDI centrally in ALS, linking it to multiple cellular processes. They also imply that therapeutics based on PDI's redox activity will be beneficial in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Emma R Perri
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Claudia V Piattoni
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariela B Fogolín
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kristy C Yuan
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hamideh Shahheydari
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Emily K Don
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Collen J Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Angela S Laird
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Damian M Spencer
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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14
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Harlen KM, Roush EC, Clayton JE, Martinka S, Hughes TE. Live-Cell Assays for Cell Stress Responses Reveal New Patterns of Cell Signaling Caused by Mutations in Rhodopsin, α-Synuclein and TDP-43. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:535. [PMID: 31920544 PMCID: PMC6930162 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases induce high levels of sustained cellular stress and alter a number of cellular processes. To examine how different mutations associated with neurodegenerative disease affect cell stress and signaling, we created live-cell assays for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated cell stress and second messenger signaling. We first examined neurodegenerative mutations associated with direct ER stress by exploring the effect of rhodopsin mutations on ER stress and Ca2+ signaling. The rhodopsin P23H mutation, the most common mutation in autosomal dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), produced increased ER stress levels compared to wild type (WT) rhodopsin. Moreover, this increase in cell stress correlated with blunted Ca2+ signaling in a stress-dependent manner. Analysis of single-cell Ca2+ signaling profiles revealed unique Ca2+ signaling responses exist in cells expressing WT or P23H rhodopsin, consistent with the idea that second messenger signaling is affected by cell stress. To explore the use of the ER-stress biosensor in neurodegenerative diseases that may not have a direct effect on ER-mediated cell stress, we examined how various mutants of α-synuclein and TDP-43 affected ER stress. Mutants of both α-synuclein and TDP-43 associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) demonstrated increased ER stress compared to WT proteins. To examine the effect of α-synuclein and TDP-43 mutants on cellular signaling, we created a second live-cell assay to monitor changes in cAMP signaling during expression of various forms of α-synuclein and TDP-43. The increased cell stress caused by expression of the mutant proteins was accompanied by changes in phosphodiesterase activity. Both HEK293T and SH-SY5Y cells expressing these proteins displayed a shift towards increased cAMP degradation rates, likely due to increased phosphodiesterase activity. Together these data illustrate how biosensors for cellular stress and signaling can provide nuanced, new views of neurodegenerative disease processes.
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15
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François-Moutal L, Perez-Miller S, Scott DD, Miranda VG, Mollasalehi N, Khanna M. Structural Insights Into TDP-43 and Effects of Post-translational Modifications. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:301. [PMID: 31920533 PMCID: PMC6934062 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) is a key player in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have gathered and presented structural information on the different regions of TDP-43 with high resolution structures available. A thorough understanding of TDP-43 structure, effect of modifications, aggregation and sites of localization is necessary as we develop therapeutic strategies targeting TDP-43 for neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how different domains as well as post-translational modification may influence TDP-43 overall structure, aggregation and droplet formation. The primary aim of the review is to utilize structural insights as we develop an understanding of the deleterious behavior of TDP-43 and highlight locations of established and proposed post-translation modifications. TDP-43 structure and effect on localization is paralleled by many RNA-binding proteins and this review serves as an example of how structure may be modulated by numerous compounding elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Victor G Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
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16
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Chen HJ, Topp SD, Hui HS, Zacco E, Katarya M, McLoughlin C, King A, Smith BN, Troakes C, Pastore A, Shaw CE. RRM adjacent TARDBP mutations disrupt RNA binding and enhance TDP-43 proteinopathy. Brain 2019; 142:3753-3770. [PMID: 31605140 PMCID: PMC6885686 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) presents with focal muscle weakness due to motor neuron degeneration that becomes generalized, leading to death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years from symptom onset. Despite the heterogeneity of aetiology, TDP-43 proteinopathy is a common pathological feature that is observed in >95% of ALS and tau-negative frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases. TDP-43 is a DNA/RNA-binding protein that in ALS and FTD translocates from being predominantly nuclear to form detergent-resistant, hyperphosphorylated aggregates in the cytoplasm of affected neurons and glia. Mutations in TARDBP account for 1-4% of all ALS cases and almost all arise in the low complexity C-terminal domain that does not affect RNA binding and processing. Here we report an ALS/FTD kindred with a novel K181E TDP-43 mutation that is located in close proximity to the RRM1 domain. To offer predictive gene testing to at-risk family members, we undertook a series of functional studies to characterize the properties of the mutation. Spectroscopy studies of the K181E protein revealed no evidence of significant misfolding. Although it is unable to bind to or splice RNA, it forms abundant aggregates in transfected cells. We extended our study to include other ALS-linked mutations adjacent to the RRM domains that also disrupt RNA binding and greatly enhance TDP-43 aggregation, forming detergent-resistant and hyperphosphorylated inclusions. Lastly, we demonstrate that K181E binds to, and sequesters, wild-type TDP-43 within nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. Thus, we demonstrate that TDP-43 mutations that disrupt RNA binding greatly enhance aggregation and are likely to be pathogenic as they promote wild-type TDP-43 to mislocalize and aggregate acting in a dominant-negative manner. This study highlights the importance of RNA binding to maintain TDP-43 solubility and the role of TDP-43 aggregation in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jou Chen
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Simon D Topp
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Ho Sang Hui
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Elsa Zacco
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Malvika Katarya
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Conor McLoughlin
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Lei Y, Zhang ZF, Lei RX, Wang S, Zhuang Y, Liu AC, Wu Y, Chen J, Tang JC, Pan MX, Liu R, Liao WJ, Feng YG, Wan Q, Zheng M. DJ-1 Suppresses Cytoplasmic TDP-43 Aggregation in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1001-1014. [PMID: 30372676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DJ-1 (also called PARK7) is a multifunctional redox-sensitive protein that is protective against oxidative stress-induced cell death. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major protein component of pathological inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Reducing aberrant aggregation of TDP-43 is a potential approach to prevent cell death. To investigate whether DJ-1 might inhibit TDP-43 aggregation to exert a protective effect in oxidative stress-induced injury, we tested the protein level and subcellular localization of TDP-43 and DJ-1 in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with wild-type DJ-1, DJ-1 mutant (L166P) cDNA, or DJ-1 siRNA. We show that oxidative stress induced by paraquat leads to the formation of cytosolic TDP-43 aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells. DJ-1 overexpression decreases paraquat-induced cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in SH-SY5Y cells and protects against paraquat-induced cell death. Transfection of DJ-1 L166P mutant or DJ-1 siRNA leads to increased cytosolic aggregation of TDP-43 in paraquat-treated SH-SY5Y cells and promotes cell death. These data suggest that DJ-1 may protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death through the suppression of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui-Xue Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - An-Chun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Chun Tang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Xian Pan
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Center for Brain Clinic, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Gong Feng
- Research Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, and Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Research Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, and Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Ng JSW, Hanspal MA, Matharu NS, Barros TP, Esbjörner EK, Wilson MR, Yerbury JJ, Dobson CM, Kumita JR. Using Tetracysteine-Tagged TDP-43 with a Biarsenical Dye To Monitor Real-Time Trafficking in a Cell Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4086-4095. [PMID: 31529970 PMCID: PMC6775541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
TAR DNA-binding protein
43 (TDP-43) has been identified as the
major constituent of the proteinaceous inclusions that are characteristic
of most forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ubiquitin
positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Wild type TDP-43
inclusions are a pathological hallmark of >95% of patients with
sporadic
ALS and of the majority of familial ALS cases, and they are also found
in a significant proportion of FTLD cases. ALS is the most common
form of motor neuron disease, characterized by progressive weakness
and muscular wasting, and typically leads to death within a few years
of diagnosis. To determine how the translocation and misfolding of
TDP-43 contribute to ALS pathogenicity, it is crucial to define the
dynamic behavior of this protein within the cellular environment.
It is therefore necessary to develop cell models that allow the location
of the protein to be defined. We report the use of TDP-43 with a tetracysteine
tag for visualization using fluorogenic biarsenical compounds and
show that this model displays features of ALS observed in other cell
models. We also demonstrate that this labeling procedure enables live-cell
imaging of the translocation of the protein from the nucleus into
the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice S W Ng
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Maya A Hanspal
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Naunehal S Matharu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Teresa P Barros
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Elin K Esbjörner
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemical Biology , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemivägen 10 , 412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health , University of Wollongong , Northfields Avenue , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health , University of Wollongong , Northfields Avenue , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Janet R Kumita
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
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19
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Lee SM, Asress S, Hales CM, Gearing M, Vizcarra JC, Fournier CN, Gutman DA, Chin LS, Li L, Glass JD. TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusion formation is disrupted in C9orf72-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz014. [PMID: 31633109 PMCID: PMC6788139 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause underlying both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Pathologically, these two neurodegenerative disorders are linked by the common presence of abnormal phosphorylated TDP-43 neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. We compared the number and size of phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions and their morphology in hippocampi from patients dying with sporadic versus C9orf72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with pathologically defined frontotemporal lobar degeneration with phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions, the pathological substrate of clinical frontotemporal dementia in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In sporadic cases, there were numerous consolidated phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions that were variable in size, whereas inclusions in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration were quantitatively smaller than those in sporadic cases. Also, C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration homogenized brain contained soluble cytoplasmic TDP-43 that was largely absent in sporadic cases. To better understand these pathological differences, we modelled TDP-43 inclusion formation in fibroblasts derived from sporadic or C9orf72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia patients. We found that both sporadic and C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia patient fibroblasts showed impairment in TDP-43 degradation by the proteasome, which may explain increased TDP-43 protein levels found in both sporadic and C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration frontal cortex and hippocampus. Fibroblasts derived from sporadic patients, but not C9orf72 patients, demonstrated the ability to sequester cytoplasmic TDP-43 into aggresomes via microtubule-dependent mechanisms. TDP-43 aggresomes in vitro and TDP-43 neuronal inclusions in vivo were both tightly localized with autophagy markers and, therefore, were likely to function similarly as sites for autophagic degradation. The inability for C9orf72 fibroblasts to form TDP-43 aggresomes, together with the observations that TDP-43 protein was soluble in the cytoplasm and formed smaller inclusions in the C9orf72 brain compared with sporadic disease, suggests a loss of protein quality control response to sequester and degrade TDP-43 in C9orf72-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lee
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seneshaw Asress
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan C Vizcarra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina N Fournier
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David A Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lih-Shen Chin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Coudert L, Nonaka T, Bernard E, Hasegawa M, Schaeffer L, Leblanc P. Phosphorylated and aggregated TDP-43 with seeding properties are induced upon mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) polyglutamine expression in human cellular models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2615-2632. [PMID: 30863908 PMCID: PMC11105362 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Tar DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) and its phosphorylated isoform (pTDP-43) are the major components associated with ubiquitin positive/Tau-negative inclusions found in neurons and glial cells of patients suffering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP). Many studies have revealed that TDP-43 is also in the protein inclusions associated with neurodegenerative conditions other than ALS and FTLD-TDP, thus suggesting that this protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. In brains of Huntington-affected patients, pTDP-43 aggregates were shown to co-localize with mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) inclusions. Here, we show that expression of mHtt carrying 80-97 polyglutamines repeats in human cell cultures induces the aggregation and the phosphorylation of endogenous TDP-43, whereas non-pathological Htt with 25 polyglutamines repeats has no effect. Mutant Htt aggregation precedes accumulation of pTDP-43 and pTDP-43 co-localizes with mHtt inclusions reminding what it was previously described in brains of Huntington-affected patients. Detergent-insoluble fractions from cells expressing mHtt and containing mHtt-pTDP-43 co-aggregates can function as seeds for further TDP-43 aggregation in human cell culture. The human cellular prion protein PrPC was previously identified as a negative modulator of mHtt aggregation; here, we show that PrPC-mediated reduction of mHtt aggregation is tightly correlated with a decrease of TDP-43 aggregation and phosphorylation, thus confirming the close relationships between TDP-43 and mHtt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Coudert
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C et Centre SLA de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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21
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Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30837838 PMCID: PMC6382748 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA binding protein involved in RNA-related metabolism. Hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43 deposits act as inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of patients with the motor neuron diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). While the majority of ALS cases (90-95%) are sporadic (sALS), among familial ALS cases 5-10% involve the inheritance of mutations in the TARDBP gene and the remaining (90-95%) are due to mutations in other genes such as: C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, and NEK1 etc. Strikingly however, the majority of sporadic ALS patients (up to 97%) also contain the TDP-43 protein deposited in the neuronal inclusions, which suggests of its pivotal role in the ALS pathology. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the TDP-43 pathology seems central to the ALS therapeutics, hence, we comprehensively review the current understanding of the TDP-43's pathology in ALS. We discuss the roles of TDP-43's mutations, its cytoplasmic mis-localization and aberrant post-translational modifications in ALS. Also, we evaluate TDP-43's amyloid-like in vitro aggregation, its physiological vs. pathological oligomerization in vivo, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions. Finally, we describe the various evolving TDP-43-induced toxicity mechanisms, such as the impairment of endocytosis and mitotoxicity etc. and also discuss the emerging strategies toward TDP-43 disaggregation and ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Basant K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
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22
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Newell K, Paron F, Mompean M, Murrell J, Salis E, Stuani C, Pattee G, Romano M, Laurents D, Ghetti B, Buratti E. Dysregulation of TDP-43 intracellular localization and early onset ALS are associated with a TARDBP S375G variant. Brain Pathol 2018; 29:397-413. [PMID: 30461104 PMCID: PMC6875182 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the Central Nervous System (CNS) and skeletal muscle tissue from A woman was clinically diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the age of 22. Neuropathologic evaluation showed upper and lower motor neuron loss, corticospinal tract degeneration and skeletal muscle denervation. Analysis of the patient's Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) revealed a AGT>GGT change resulting in an S375G substitution in the C-terminal region of TDP-43. This variant was previously reported as being benign. Considering the early onset and severity of the disease in this patient, we tested the effects of this genetic variant on TDP-43 localization, pre-mRNA splicing activity and toxicity, in parallel with the effects on known neighboring disease-associated mutations. In cell lines, expressed in culture, S375G TDP-43 appeared to be more significantly localized in the nucleus and to exert higher toxicity than wild-type TDP-43. Strikingly, a phosphomimic mutant at the same residue (S375E) showed a strong tendency to accumulate in the cytoplasm, especially under stress conditions, and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that phosphorylation of this residue can disrupt TDP-43 intermolecular interactions. The results of the current study highlight the importance of phosphorylation and regulation of TDP-43 nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling/redistribution, in relation to the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in different forms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Newell
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Francesca Paron
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Miguel Mompean
- University of Castile-La Mancha, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jill Murrell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elisa Salis
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stuani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Gary Pattee
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Douglas Laurents
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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23
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Thammisetty SS, Pedragosa J, Weng YC, Calon F, Planas A, Kriz J. Age-related deregulation of TDP-43 after stroke enhances NF-κB-mediated inflammation and neuronal damage. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:312. [PMID: 30413172 PMCID: PMC6230239 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TDP-43 has been identified as a disease-associated protein in several chronic neurodegenerative disorders and increasing evidence suggests its potentially pathogenic role following brain injuries. Normally expressed in nucleus, under pathological conditions TDP-43 forms cytoplasmic ubiquitinated inclusions in which it is abnormally phosphorylated and cleaved to generate a 35 and a 25 kDa C-terminal fragments. In the present study, we investigated age-related expression patterns of TDP-43 in neurons and glia and its role as modulator of inflammation following ischemic injury. Methods Wild-type and TDP-43 transgenic mice of different age groups were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The role of TDP-43 in modulation of inflammation was assessed using immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Finally, post-mortem stroke human brain sections were analyzed for TDP-43 protein by immunohistochemistry. Results We report here an age-related increase and formation of ubiquitinated TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions after stroke. The observed deregulation in TDP-43 expression patterns was associated with an increase in microglial activation and innate immune signaling as revealed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and immunofluorescence analysis. The presence of ubiquitinated TDP-43 aggregates and its cleaved TDP-35 and TDP-25 fragments was markedly increased in older, 12-month-old mice leading to larger infarctions and a significant increase in in neuronal death. Importantly, unlike the hallmark neuropathological features associated with chronic neurodegenerative disorders, the TDP-43-positive cytoplasmic inclusions detected after stroke were not phosphorylated. Next, we showed that an increase and/or overexpression of the cytoplasmic TDP-43 drives the pathogenic NF-κB response and further increases levels of pro-inflammatory markers and ischemic injury after stroke in age-dependent manner. Finally, analyses of the post-mortem stroke brain tissues revealed the presence of the cytoplasmic TDP-43 immunoreactive structures after human stroke. Conclusion Together, our findings suggest that the level of cytoplasmic TDP-43 increases with aging and may act as an age-related mediator of inflammation and neuronal injury after stroke. Thus, targeting cytoplasmic TDP-43 may have a therapeutic potential after stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1350-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sampath Thammisetty
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J2G3, Canada
| | | | - Yuan Cheng Weng
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Research Centre of the CHUQ, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J2G3, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J2G3, Canada
| | | | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J2G3, Canada.
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24
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The N Termini of TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP43) C-Terminal Fragments Influence Degradation, Aggregation Propensity, and Morphology. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00243-18. [PMID: 29987190 PMCID: PMC6146831 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00243-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragments of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) are major components of intracellular aggregates associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. A variety of C-terminal fragments (CTFs) exist, with distinct N termini; however, little is known regarding their differences in metabolism and aggregation dynamics. Fragments of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) are major components of intracellular aggregates associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. A variety of C-terminal fragments (CTFs) exist, with distinct N termini; however, little is known regarding their differences in metabolism and aggregation dynamics. Previously, we found that specific CTFs accumulate in the absence of the Arg/N-end rule pathway of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and that their degradation requires arginyl-tRNA protein transferase 1 (ATE1). Here, we examined two specific CTFs of TDP43 (TDP43219 and TDP43247), which are ∼85% identical and differ at their N termini by 28 amino acids. We found that TDP43247 is degraded primarily by the Arg/N-end rule pathway, whereas degradation of TDP43219 continues in the absence of ATE1. These fragments also differ in their aggregation propensities and form morphologically distinct aggregates. This work reveals that the N termini of otherwise similar CTFs have profound effects on fragment behavior and may influence clinical outcomes in neurodegeneration associated with aggregation.
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25
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McGurk L, Gomes E, Guo L, Mojsilovic-Petrovic J, Tran V, Kalb RG, Shorter J, Bonini NM. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Prevents Pathological Phase Separation of TDP-43 by Promoting Liquid Demixing and Stress Granule Localization. Mol Cell 2018; 71:703-717.e9. [PMID: 30100264 PMCID: PMC6128762 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), cytoplasmic aggregates of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 accumulate and colocalize with some stress granule components, but how pathological TDP-43 aggregation is nucleated remains unknown. In Drosophila, we establish that downregulation of tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase, reduces TDP-43 accumulation in the cytoplasm and potently mitigates neurodegeneration. We establish that TDP-43 non-covalently binds to PAR via PAR-binding motifs embedded within its nuclear localization sequence. PAR binding promotes liquid-liquid phase separation of TDP-43 in vitro and is required for TDP-43 accumulation in stress granules in mammalian cells and neurons. Stress granule localization initially protects TDP-43 from disease-associated phosphorylation, but upon long-term stress, stress granules resolve, leaving behind aggregates of phosphorylated TDP-43. Finally, small-molecule inhibition of Tankyrase-1/2 in mammalian cells inhibits formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 foci without affecting stress granule assembly. Thus, Tankyrase inhibition antagonizes TDP-43-associated pathology and neurodegeneration and could have therapeutic utility for ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne McGurk
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jelena Mojsilovic-Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Van Tran
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert G Kalb
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Nonaka T, Masuda-Suzukake M, Hosokawa M, Shimozawa A, Hirai S, Okado H, Hasegawa M. C9ORF72 dipeptide repeat poly-GA inclusions promote intracellular aggregation of phosphorylated TDP-43. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2658-2670. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shinobu Hirai
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor TDP-43 is a ubiquitously expressed RNA binding protein that plays a key causative role in several neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the ALS/FTD spectrum. In addition, its aberrant aggregation and expression has been recently observed in other type of diseases, such as myopathies and Niemann-Pick C, a lysosomal storage disease. Areas covered: This review aims to specifically cover the post-translational modifications (PTMs) that can affect TDP-43 function and cellular status both in health and disease. To this date, these include phosphorylation, formation of C-terminal fragments, disulfide bridge formation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and sumoylation. Recently published articles on these subjects have been reviewed in this manuscript. Expert opinion: Targeting aberrant TDP-43 expression in neurodegenerative diseases is a very challenging task due to the fact that both its overexpression and downregulation are considerably toxic to cells. This characteristic makes it difficult to therapeutically target this protein in a generalized manner. An alternative approach could be the identification of specific aberrant PTMs that promote its aggregation or toxicity, and developing novel therapeutic approaches toward their selective modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- a Department of Molecular Pathology , International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Trieste , Italy
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28
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Feneberg E, Gray E, Ansorge O, Talbot K, Turner MR. Towards a TDP-43-Based Biomarker for ALS and FTLD. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7789-7801. [PMID: 29460270 PMCID: PMC6132775 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 accumulates in nerve cells of nearly all cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; the commonest form of motor neuron disease) and in the majority of Tau-negative frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). There is currently no biochemical test or marker of disease activity for ALS or FTLD, and the clinical diagnosis depends on the opinion of an experienced neurologist. TDP-43 has a key role in the pathogenesis of ALS/FTLD. Measuring TDP-43 in easily accessible biofluids, such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, might reduce diagnostic delay and offer a readout for use in future drug trials. However, attempts at measuring disease-specific forms of TDP-43 in peripheral biofluids of ALS and FTLD patients have not yielded consistent results, and only some of the pathological biochemical features of TDP-43 found in human brain tissue have been detected in clinical biofluids to date. Reflecting on the molecular pathology of TDP-43, this review provides a critical overview on biofluid studies and future directions to develop a TDP-43-based clinical biomarker for ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Feneberg
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,John Radcliffe Hospital, West Wing Level 6, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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29
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Polymenidou M, Cleveland DW. Biological Spectrum of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Prions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024133. [PMID: 28062558 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD) are two neurodegenerative diseases with distinct clinical features but common genetic causes and neuropathological signatures. Ten years after the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 was discovered as the main protein in the cytoplasmic inclusions that characterize ALS and FTLD, their pathogenic mechanisms have never seemed more complex. Indeed, discoveries of the past decade have revolutionized our understanding of these diseases, highlighting their genetic heterogeneity and the involvement of protein-RNA assemblies in their pathogenesis. Importantly, these assemblies serve as the foci of protein misfolding and mature into insoluble structures, which further recruit native proteins, turning them into misfolded forms. This self-perpetuating mechanism is a twisted version of classical prion replication that leads to amplification of pathological protein complexes that spread throughout the neuraxis, offering a pathogenic principle that underlies the rapid disease progression that characterizes ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Polymenidou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0670
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30
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Zeineddine R, Farrawell NE, Lambert-Smith IA, Yerbury JJ. Addition of exogenous SOD1 aggregates causes TDP-43 mislocalisation and aggregation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:893-902. [PMID: 28560609 PMCID: PMC5655364 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is characterised by a focal onset of motor neuron loss, followed by contiguous outward spreading of pathology throughout the nervous system, resulting in paralysis and death generally within a few years after diagnosis. The aberrant release and uptake of toxic proteins including SOD1 and TDP-43 and their subsequent propagation, accumulation and deposition in motor neurons may explain such a pattern of pathology. Previous work has suggested that the internalization of aggregates triggers stress granule formation. Given the close association of stress granules and TDP-43, we wondered whether internalisation of SOD1 aggregates stimulated TDP-43 cytosolic aggregate structures. Addition of recombinant mutant G93A SOD1 aggregates to NSC-34 cells was found to trigger a rapid shift of TDP-43 to the cytoplasm where it was still accumulated after 48 h. In addition, SOD1 aggregates also triggered cleavage of TDP-43 into fragments including a 25 kDa fragment. Collectively, this study suggests a role for protein aggregate uptake in TDP-43 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaa Zeineddine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie E Farrawell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabella A Lambert-Smith
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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31
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Hanspal MA, Dobson CM, Yerbury JJ, Kumita JR. The relevance of contact-independent cell-to-cell transfer of TDP-43 and SOD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2762-2771. [PMID: 28711596 PMCID: PMC6565888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease involving the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates by proteins including TDP-43 and SOD1, in affected cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Pathology spreads from an initial site of onset to contiguous anatomical regions. There is evidence that for disease-associated proteins, including TDP-43 and SOD1, non-native protein conformers can promote misfolding of the natively folded counterparts, and cell-to-cell transfer of pathological aggregates may underlie the spread of the disease throughout the CNS. A variety of studies have demonstrated that SOD1 is released by neuron-like cells into the surrounding culture medium, either in their free state or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Extracellular SOD1 can then be internalised by naïve cells incubated in this conditioned medium, leading to the misfolding and aggregation of endogenous intracellular SOD1; an effect that propagates over serial passages. A similar phenomenon has also been observed with other proteins associated with protein misfolding and progressive neurological disorders, including tau, α-synuclein and both mammalian and yeast prions. Conditioned media experiments using TDP-43 have been less conclusive, with evidence for this protein undergoing intercellular transfer being less straightforward. In this review, we describe the properties of TDP-43 and SOD1 and look at the evidence for their respective abilities to participate in cell-to-cell transfer via conditioned medium, and discuss how variations in the nature of cell-to-cell transfer suggests that a number of different mechanisms are involved in the spreading of pathology in ALS. Protein aggregates transfer between cells in motor neuron disease. Cell contact-independent mechanisms may be a route of transfer. SOD1 undergoes cell-to-cell transfer via conditioned medium in cell culture. It is still unclear whether TDP-43 consistently undergoes cell-to-cell transfer Differences between the two proteins may explain this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Hanspal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Janet R Kumita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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32
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Ishii T, Kawakami E, Endo K, Misawa H, Watabe K. Formation and spreading of TDP-43 aggregates in cultured neuronal and glial cells demonstrated by time-lapse imaging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179375. [PMID: 28599005 PMCID: PMC5466347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a main constituent of cytoplasmic aggregates in neuronal and glial cells in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We have previously demonstrated that adenovirus-transduced artificial TDP-43 cytoplasmic aggregates formation is enhanced by proteasome inhibition in vitro and in vivo. However, the relationship between cytoplasmic aggregate formation and cell death remains unclear. In the present study, rat neural stem cell lines stably transfected with EGFP- or Sirius-expression vectors under the control of tubulin beta III, glial fibrillary acidic protein, or 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase promoter were differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, respectively, in the presence of retinoic acid. The differentiated cells were then transduced with adenoviruses expressing DsRed-tagged human wild type and C-terminal fragment TDP-43 under the condition of proteasome inhibition. Time-lapse imaging analyses revealed growing cytoplasmic aggregates in the transduced neuronal and glial cells, followed by collapse of the cell. The aggregates remained insoluble in culture media, consisted of sarkosyl-insoluble granular materials, and contained phosphorylated TDP-43. Moreover, the released aggregates were incorporated into neighboring neuronal cells, suggesting cell-to-cell spreading. The present study provides a novel tool for analyzing the detailed molecular mechanisms of TDP-43 proteinopathy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishii
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Kawakami
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HM); (KW)
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology (Neuropathology), Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HM); (KW)
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33
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Wobst HJ, Wesolowski SS, Chadchankar J, Delsing L, Jacobsen S, Mukherjee J, Deeb TZ, Dunlop J, Brandon NJ, Moss SJ. Cytoplasmic Relocalization of TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Is Not Sufficient to Reproduce Cellular Pathologies Associated with ALS In vitro. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:46. [PMID: 28286471 PMCID: PMC5323424 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene TARDBP, which encodes TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), are a rare cause of familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). While the majority of mutations are found in the C-terminal glycine-rich domain, an alanine to valine amino acid change at position 90 (A90V) in the bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) of TDP-43 has been described. This sequence variant has previously been shown to cause cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 and decrease protein solubility, leading to the formation of insoluble aggregates. Since the A90V mutation has been described both in patients as well as healthy controls, its pathogenic potential in ALS and FTD remains unclear. Here we compare properties of overexpressed A90V to the highly pathogenic M337V mutation. Though both mutations drive mislocalization of the protein to the cytoplasm to the same extent, M337V produces more significant damage in terms of protein solubility, levels of pathogenic phosphorylation, and formation of C-terminal truncated protein species. Furthermore, the M337V, but not the A90V mutant, leads to a downregulation of histone deacetylase 6 and Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein. We conclude that in the absence of another genetic or environmental ‘hit’ the A90V variant is not sufficient to cause the deleterious phenotypes associated with ALS and FTD, despite prominent cytoplasmic protein relocalization of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike J Wobst
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Steven S Wesolowski
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Jayashree Chadchankar
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Louise Delsing
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, BostonMA, USA; IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Discovery ScienceMölndal, Sweden
| | - Steven Jacobsen
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Jayanta Mukherjee
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - John Dunlop
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, BostonMA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, BostonMA, USA
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Williams SM, Khan G, Harris BT, Ravits J, Sierks MR. TDP-43 protein variants as biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28122516 PMCID: PMC5264476 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TDP-43 aggregates accumulate in individuals affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, representing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Using an atomic force microscopy based biopanning protocol developed in our lab, we previously isolated 23 TDP-43 reactive antibody fragments with preference for human ALS brain tissue relative to frontotemporal dementia, a related neurodegeneration, and healthy samples from phage-displayed single chain antibody fragment (scFv) libraries. Here we further characterize the binding specificity of these different scFvs and identify which ones have promise for detecting ALS biomarkers in human brain tissue and plasma samples. RESULTS We developed a sensitive capture ELISA for detection of different disease related TDP-43 variants using the scFvs identified from the ALS biopanning. We show that a wide variety of disease selective TDP-43 variants are present in ALS as the scFvs show different reactivity profiles amongst the ALS cases. When assaying individual human brain tissue cases, three scFvs (ALS-TDP6, ALS-TDP10 and ALS-TDP14) reacted with all the ALS cases and 12 others reacted with the majority of the ALS cases, and none of the scFvs reacted with any control samples. When assaying individual human plasma samples, 9 different scFvs reacted with all the sporadic ALS samples and again none of them reacted with any control samples. These 9 different scFvs had different patterns of reactivity with plasma samples obtained from chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (c9orf72) cases indicating that these familial ALS genetic variants may display different TDP-43 pathology than sporadic ALS cases. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that a range of disease specific TDP-43 variants are generated in ALS patients with different variants being generated in sporadic and familial cases. We show that a small panel of scFvs recognizing different TDP-43 variants can generate a neuropathological and plasma biomarker profile with potential to distinguish different TDP-43 pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Williams
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106 USA
| | - Galam Khan
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624 USA
| | - Michael R. Sierks
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106 USA
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Jayakumar AR, Tong XY, Shamaladevi N, Barcelona S, Gaidosh G, Agarwal A, Norenberg MD. Defective synthesis and release of astrocytic thrombospondin-1 mediates the neuronal TDP-43 proteinopathy, resulting in defects in neuronal integrity associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: in vitro
studies. J Neurochem 2017; 140:645-661. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Y. Tong
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Stephanie Barcelona
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Gabriel Gaidosh
- Ophthalmology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Apeksha Agarwal
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Michael D. Norenberg
- Laboratory of Neuropathology; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Miami Florida USA
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
- Neurology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
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Smethurst P, Newcombe J, Troakes C, Simone R, Chen YR, Patani R, Sidle K. In vitro prion-like behaviour of TDP-43 in ALS. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:236-247. [PMID: 27590623 PMCID: PMC5113659 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of motor neuron disease (MND), and >95% of familial and sporadic cases involve the deposition of insoluble aggregated, phosphorylated and cleaved TDP-43 protein. Accumulating clinical and biological evidence now indicates that ALS bears a number of similarities to the prion diseases, with TDP-43 acting as a misfolded 'prion-like' protein demonstrating similar underlying pathobiology. Here we systematically address the hypothesis that ALS is a prion-like disorder. First we demonstrate that TDP-43 demonstrates seeded polymerisation in vitro directly from both ALS brain and spinal cord. We next show that the seeding of TDP-43 results in the formation of characteristic insoluble, aggregated, and phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology that directly recapitulates the morphological diversity of TDP-43 inclusions detected in ALS patient CNS tissue. We next demonstrate that this reaction can be serially propagated to produce increasing amounts of phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology, and that aggregates can spread from cell to cell in an analogous fashion to that seen in the prion diseases. Finally, we reproduced our findings in a murine motor neuron-like cell line (NSC-34), where the seeding of TDP-43 induces the formation of TDP-43 oligomers and reduced cell viability. These findings may guide therapeutic strategies in this rapidly progressive and invariably fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Smethurst
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Neuroinflammation, 1 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Troakes
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, DeCrispigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Simone
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Sidle
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
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Mashiko T, Sakashita E, Kasashima K, Tominaga K, Kuroiwa K, Nozaki Y, Matsuura T, Hamamoto T, Endo H. Developmentally Regulated RNA-binding Protein 1 (Drb1)/RNA-binding Motif Protein 45 (RBM45), a Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Trafficking Protein, Forms TAR DNA-binding Protein 43 (TDP-43)-mediated Cytoplasmic Aggregates. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14996-5007. [PMID: 27226551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic protein aggregates are one of the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Several RNA-binding proteins have been identified as components of inclusion bodies. Developmentally regulated RNA-binding protein 1 (Drb1)/RNA-binding motif protein 45 is an RNA-binding protein that was recently described as a component in ALS- and FTLD-related inclusion bodies. However, the molecular mechanism underlying cytoplasmic Drb1 aggregation remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro cellular model, we demonstrated that Drb1 co-localizes with cytoplasmic aggregates mediated by TAR DNA-binding protein 43, a major component of ALS and FTLD-related inclusion bodies. We also defined the domains involved in the subcellular localization of Drb1 to clarify the role of Drb1 in the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates in ALS and FTLD. Drb1 predominantly localized in the nucleus via a classical nuclear localization signal in its carboxyl terminus and is a shuttling protein between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, we identify a double leucine motif serving as a nuclear export signal. The Drb1 mutant, presenting mutations in both nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signal, is prone to aggregate in the cytoplasm. The mutant Drb1-induced cytoplasmic aggregates not only recruit TAR DNA-binding protein 43 but also decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results indicate that perturbation of Drb1 nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking induces toxic cytoplasmic aggregates, suggesting that mislocalization of Drb1 is involved in the cause of cytotoxicity in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mashiko
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tohru Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Chen HJ, Mitchell JC, Novoselov S, Miller J, Nishimura AL, Scotter EL, Vance CA, Cheetham ME, Shaw CE. The heat shock response plays an important role in TDP-43 clearance: evidence for dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2016; 139:1417-32. [PMID: 26936937 PMCID: PMC4845254 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detergent-resistant, ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43, encoded by TARDBP) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions are the pathological hallmark in ∼95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ∼60% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration cases. We sought to explore the role for the heat shock response in the clearance of insoluble TDP-43 in a cellular model of disease and to validate our findings in transgenic mice and human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tissues. The heat shock response is a stress-responsive protective mechanism regulated by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which increases the expression of chaperones that refold damaged misfolded proteins or facilitate their degradation. Here we show that manipulation of the heat shock response by expression of dominant active HSF1 results in a dramatic reduction of insoluble and hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 that enhances cell survival, whereas expression of dominant negative HSF1 leads to enhanced TDP-43 aggregation and hyperphosphorylation. To determine which chaperones were mediating TDP-43 clearance we over-expressed a range of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and identified DNAJB2a (encoded by DNAJB2, and also known as HSJ1a) as a potent anti-aggregation chaperone for TDP-43. DNAJB2a has a J domain, allowing it to interact with HSP70, and ubiquitin interacting motifs, which enable it to engage the degradation of its client proteins. Using functionally deleted DNAJB2a constructs we demonstrated that TDP-43 clearance was J domain-dependent and was not affected by ubiquitin interacting motif deletion or proteasome inhibition. This indicates that TDP-43 is maintained in a soluble state by DNAJB2a, leaving the total levels of TDP-43 unchanged. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the levels of HSF1 and heat shock proteins are significantly reduced in affected neuronal tissues from a TDP-43 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This implies that the HSF1-mediated DNAJB2a/HSP70 heat shock response pathway is compromised in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Defective refolding of TDP-43 is predicted to aggravate the TDP-43 proteinopathy. The finding that the pathological accumulation of insoluble TDP-43 can be reduced by the activation of HSF1/HSP pathways presents an exciting opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jou Chen
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline C Mitchell
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jack Miller
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Shimonaka S, Nonaka T, Suzuki G, Hisanaga SI, Hasegawa M. Templated Aggregation of TAR DNA-binding Protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) by Seeding with TDP-43 Peptide Fibrils. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8896-907. [PMID: 26887947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been identified as the major component of ubiquitin-positive neuronal and glial inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aggregation of TDP-43 to amyloid-like fibrils and spreading of the aggregates are suggested to account for the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of TDP-43 aggregation, we attempted to identify the amino acid sequence required for the aggregation. By expressing a series of deletion mutants lacking 20 amino acid residues in the C-terminal region in SH-SY5Y cells, we established that residues 274-313 in the glycine-rich region are essential for aggregation. In vitro aggregation experiments using synthetic peptides of 40 amino acids from this sequence and adjacent regions showed that peptides 274-313 and 314-353 formed amyloid-like fibrils. Transduction of these fibrils induced seed-dependent aggregation of TDP-43 in cells expressing wild-type TDP-43 or TDP-43 lacking nuclear localization signal. These cells showed different phosphorylated C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 and different trypsin-resistant bands. These results suggest that residues 274-353 are responsible for the conversion of TDP-43 to amyloid-like fibrils and that templated aggregation of TDP-43 by seeding with different peptides induces various types of TDP-43 pathologies, i.e. the peptides appear to act like prion strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Shimonaka
- From the Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506 and the Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- From the Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506 and
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- From the Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506 and
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- the Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- From the Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506 and
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40
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Tanaka Y, Nonaka T, Suzuki G, Kametani F, Hasegawa M. Gain-of-function profilin 1 mutations linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cause seed-dependent intracellular TDP-43 aggregation. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1420-33. [PMID: 26908597 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin 1 (PFN1) is an actin monomer-binding protein essential for regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in all cell types. Recently, mutations in the PFN1 gene have been identified as a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The co-aggregation of PFN1 bearing mutations that cause ALS with TDP-43 (a key molecule in both sporadic and some familial forms of ALS), together with the classical TDP-43 pathology detected in post-mortem tissues of patients with autosomal dominant PFN1 mutation, imply that gain-of-toxic-function of PFN1 mutants is associated with the onset of ALS. However, it remains unknown how PFN1 mutants cause ALS. We found mutant PFN1 that causes ALS formed cytoplasmic aggregates positive for ubiquitin and p62, and these aggregates sequestered endogenous TDP-43. In cells harboring PFN1 aggregates, formation of aggresome-like structures was inhibited in the presence of proteasome inhibitor, and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was suppressed in the presence of lysosome inhibitor. Further, insoluble TDP-43 was increased in both cases. Co-expression of ALS-linked mutant PFN1 and TDP-43 increased insoluble and phosphorylated TDP-43 levels. The C-terminal region of TDP-43, essential for aggregation of TDP-43, was also indispensable for the interaction with PFN1. Interestingly, insoluble fractions prepared from cells expressing ALS-linked mutant PFN1 functioned as a seed to induce accumulation and phosphorylation of TDP-43, indicating that TDP-43 accumulated in the presence of the PFN1 mutants is converted to prion-like species. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS, suggesting that gain-of-toxic-function PFN1 gene mutation leads to conformational change of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tanaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Nonaka T, Suzuki G, Tanaka Y, Kametani F, Hirai S, Okado H, Miyashita T, Saitoe M, Akiyama H, Masai H, Hasegawa M. Phosphorylation of TAR DNA-binding Protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) by Truncated Casein Kinase 1δ Triggers Mislocalization and Accumulation of TDP-43. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5473-5483. [PMID: 26769969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular aggregates of phosphorylated TDP-43 are a major component of ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the brains of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ALS and are considered a pathological hallmark. Here, to gain insight into the mechanism of intracellular TDP-43 accumulation, we examined the relationship between phosphorylation and aggregation of TDP-43. We found that expression of a hyperactive form of casein kinase 1 δ (CK1δ1-317, a C-terminally truncated form) promotes mislocalization and cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated TDP-43 (ubiquitin- and p62-positive) in cultured neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Insoluble phosphorylated TDP-43 prepared from cells co-expressing TDP-43 and CK1δ1-317 functioned as seeds for TDP-43 aggregation in cultured cells, indicating that CK1δ1-317-induced aggregated TDP-43 has prion-like properties. A striking toxicity and alterations of TDP-43 were also observed in yeast expressing TDP-43 and CK1δ1-317. Therefore, abnormal activation of CK1δ causes phosphorylation of TDP-43, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates, which, in turn, may trigger neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shinobu Hirai
- Departments of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration
| | - Haruo Okado
- Departments of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration
| | | | | | | | - Hisao Masai
- Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Nagata E, Nonaka T, Moriya Y, Fujii N, Okada Y, Tsukamoto H, Itoh J, Okada C, Satoh T, Arai T, Hasegawa M, Takizawa S. Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase 2 Promotes Cell Death in Cells with Cytoplasmic TDP-43 Aggregation. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5377-83. [PMID: 26440668 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been identified as a major component of ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the brains and spinal cords of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The phosphorylated C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 forms aggregates in the neuronal cytoplasm, possibly resulting in neuronal cell death in patients with FTLD-U or ALS. The inositol pyrophosphate known as diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7) contains highly energetic pyrophosphate bonds. We previously reported that inositol hexakisphosphate kinase type 2 (InsP6K2), which converts inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) to InsP7, mediates cell death in mammalian cells. Moreover, InsP6K2 is translocated from the nucleus to the cytosol during apoptosis. In this study, we verified that phosphorylated TDP-43 co-localized and co-bound with InsP6K2 in the cytoplasm of anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. Furthermore, we verified that cell death was augmented in the presence of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregations and activated InsP6K2. However, cells with only cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation survived because Akt activity increased. In the presence of both TDP-43 aggregation and activated InsP6K2 in the cytoplasm of cells, the expression levels of HSP90 and casein kinase 2 decreased, as the activity of Akt decreased. These conditions may promote cell death. Thus, InsP6K2 could cause neuronal cell death in patients with FTLD-U or ALS. Moreover, InsP6K2 plays an important role in a novel cell death pathway present in FTLD-U and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
- , 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Neuropathology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Moriya
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukamoto
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Johbu Itoh
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Chisa Okada
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Satoh
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Neuropathology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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43
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Kim KY, Lee HW, Shim YM, Mook-Jung I, Jeon GS, Sung JJ. A phosphomimetic mutant TDP-43 (S409/410E) induces Drosha instability and cytotoxicity in Neuro 2A cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:236-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chou CC, Alexeeva OM, Yamada S, Pribadi A, Zhang Y, Mo B, Williams KR, Zarnescu DC, Rossoll W. PABPN1 suppresses TDP-43 toxicity in ALS disease models. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5154-73. [PMID: 26130692 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major disease protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related neurodegenerative diseases. Both the cytoplasmic accumulation of toxic ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 fragments and the loss of normal TDP-43 from the nucleus may contribute to the disease progression by impairing normal RNA and protein homeostasis. Therefore, both the removal of pathological protein and the rescue of TDP-43 mislocalization may be critical for halting or reversing TDP-43 proteinopathies. Here, we report poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) as a novel TDP-43 interaction partner that acts as a potent suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity. Overexpression of full-length PABPN1 but not a truncated version lacking the nuclear localization signal protects from pathogenic TDP-43-mediated toxicity, promotes the degradation of pathological TDP-43 and restores normal solubility and nuclear localization of endogenous TDP-43. Reduced levels of PABPN1 enhances the phenotypes in several cell culture and Drosophila models of ALS and results in the cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43. Moreover, PABPN1 rescues the dysregulated stress granule (SG) dynamics and facilitates the removal of persistent SGs in TDP-43-mediated disease conditions. These findings demonstrate a role for PABPN1 in rescuing several cytopathological features of TDP-43 proteinopathy by increasing the turnover of pathologic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Shizuka Yamada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Amy Pribadi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bi Mo
- Department of Cell Biology
| | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,
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Maniecka Z, Polymenidou M. From nucleation to widespread propagation: A prion-like concept for ALS. Virus Res 2015; 207:94-105. [PMID: 25656065 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Propagation of pathological protein assemblies via a prion-like mechanism has been suggested to drive neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Recently, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked proteins, such as SOD1, TDP-43 and FUS were shown to follow self-perpetuating seeded aggregation, thereby adding ALS to the group of prion-like disorders. The cell-to-cell spread of these pathological protein assemblies and their pathogenic mechanism is poorly understood. However, as ALS is a non-cell autonomous disease and pathology in glial cells was shown to contribute to motor neuron damage, spreading mechanisms are likely to underlie disease progression via the interplay between affected neurons and their neighboring glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Maniecka
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalini Polymenidou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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46
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Li Q, Yokoshi M, Okada H, Kawahara Y. The cleavage pattern of TDP-43 determines its rate of clearance and cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6183. [PMID: 25630387 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and its C-terminal fragment of 25 kDa (CTF25) play critical roles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Although the overexpression of TDP-43 in cultured cells and animals results in the production of CTF25, the cleavage site that generates CTF25 and biological significance of the cleavage remain undetermined. Here we identify Asp174 as a cleavage site for CTF25. TDP-43 is cleaved initially after Asp174, which activates caspase-3/7 to accelerate TDP-43 fragmentation. Consequently, blockage of this cleavage results in a severe delay in TDP-43 clearance and prolonged necrotic cell death. We further show that the endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound caspase-4 is the enzyme responsible for the cleavage after Asp174 and inhibition of caspase-4 activity slows TDP-43 fragmentation and reduces cell viability. These findings suggest that caspase-4-mediated cleavage after Asp174 is an initiator of TDP-43 clearance, which is required to avoid cell death induced by overexpressed TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moe Yokoshi
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okada
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawahara
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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47
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Suzuki H, Shibagaki Y, Hattori S, Matsuoka M. Nuclear TDP-43 causes neuronal toxicity by escaping from the inhibitory regulation by hnRNPs. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1513-27. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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48
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Sun Y, Arslan PE, Won A, Yip CM, Chakrabartty A. Binding of TDP-43 to the 3'UTR of its cognate mRNA enhances its solubility. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5885-94. [PMID: 25171271 DOI: 10.1021/bi500617x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases termed TDP-43 proteinopathies, which encompass a spectrum of diseases ranging from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to frontotemporal dementia. Pathologically misfolded and aggregated forms of TDP-43 are found in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of affected neurons in these diseases. The mechanism by which TDP-43 misfolding causes disease is not well-understood. Current hypotheses postulate that the TDP-43 aggregation process plays a major role in pathogenesis. We amplify that hypothesis and suggest that binding of cognate ligands to TDP-43 can stabilize the native functional state of the protein and ameliorate aggregation. We expressed recombinant TDP-43 containing an N-terminal Venus yellow fluorescent protein tag in Escherichia coli and induced its aggregation by altering solvent salt concentrations and examined the extent to which various oligonucleotide molecules affect its aggregation in vitro using aggregation-induced turbidity assays. We show that vYFP-TDP-43 binding to its naturally occurring RNA target that comprises a sequence on the 3'UTR region of its mRNA improves its solubility, suggesting interplay among TDP-43 solubility, oligonucleotide binding, and TDP-43 autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Sun
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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Yamashita M, Nonaka T, Hirai S, Miwa A, Okado H, Arai T, Hosokawa M, Akiyama H, Hasegawa M. Distinct pathways leading to TDP-43-induced cellular dysfunctions. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4345-56. [PMID: 24698978 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is the major component protein of inclusions found in brains of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). However, the molecular mechanisms by which TDP-43 causes neuronal dysfunction and death remain unknown. Here, we report distinct cytotoxic effects of full-length TDP-43 (FL-TDP) and its C-terminal fragment (CTF) in SH-SY5Y cells. When FL-TDP was overexpressed in the cells using a lentiviral system, exogenous TDP-43, like endogenous TDP-43, was expressed mainly in nuclei of cells without any intracellular inclusions. However, these cells showed striking cell death, caspase activation and growth arrest at G2/M phase, indicating that even simple overexpression of TDP-43 induces cellular dysfunctions leading to apoptosis. On the other hand, cells expressing TDP-43 CTF showed cytoplasmic aggregates but without significant cell death, compared with cells expressing FL-TDP. Confocal microscopic analyses revealed that RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) and several transcription factors, such as specificity protein 1 and cAMP-response-element-binding protein, were co-localized with the aggregates of TDP-43 CTF, suggesting that sequestration of these factors into TDP-43 aggregates caused transcriptional dysregulation. Indeed, accumulation of RNA pol II at TDP-43 inclusions was detected in brains of patients with FTLD-TDP. Furthermore, apoptosis was not observed in affected neurons of FTLD-TDP brains containing phosphorylated and aggregated TDP-43 pathology. Our results suggest that different pathways of TDP-43-induced cellular dysfunction may contribute to the degeneration cascades involved in the onset of ALS and FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinobu Hirai
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration and
| | - Akiko Miwa
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration and
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration and
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Hosokawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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50
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Huang CC, Bose JK, Majumder P, Lee KH, Huang JTJ, Huang JK, Shen CKJ. Metabolism and mis-metabolism of the neuropathological signature protein TDP-43. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3024-38. [PMID: 24860144 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.136150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 (also known as TARDBP) is a pathological signature protein of neurodegenerative diseases, with TDP-43 proteinopathies including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-TDP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-TDP. These TDP-43 proteinopathies are characterized by cytoplasmic insoluble TDP-43-positive aggregates in the diseased cells, the formation of which requires the seeding of TDP-25 fragment generated by caspase cleavage of TDP-43. We have investigated the metabolism and mis-metabolism of TDP-43 in cultured cells and found that endogenous and exogenously overexpressed TDP-43 is degraded not only by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and macroautophagy, but also by the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) mediated through an interaction between Hsc70 (also known as HSPA8) and ubiquitylated TDP-43. Furthermore, proteolytic cleavage of TDP-43 by caspase(s) is a necessary intermediate step for degradation of the majority of the TDP-43 protein, with the TDP-25 and TDP-35 fragments being the main substrates. Finally, we have determined the threshold level of the TDP-25 fragment that is necessary for formation of the cytosolic TDP-43-positive aggregates in cells containing the full-length TDP-43 at an elevated level close to that found in patients with TDP-43 proteinopathies. A comprehensive model of the metabolism and mis-metabolism of TDP-43 in relation to these findings is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology/Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pritha Majumder
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jeffrey K Huang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology/Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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