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Shum C, Hedges EC, Allison J, Lee YB, Arias N, Cocks G, Chandran S, Ruepp MD, Shaw CE, Nishimura AL. Mutations in FUS lead to synaptic dysregulation in ALS-iPSC derived neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:187-195. [PMID: 38242131 PMCID: PMC10874860 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscular weakness due to the selective loss of motor neurons. Mutations in the gene Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) were identified as one cause of ALS. Here, we report that mutations in FUS lead to upregulation of synaptic proteins, increasing synaptic activity and abnormal release of vesicles at the synaptic cleft. Consequently, FUS-ALS neurons showed greater vulnerability to glutamate excitotoxicity, which raised neuronal swellings (varicose neurites) and led to neuronal death. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein known to regulate synaptic protein translation, and its expression is reduced in the FUS-ALS lines. Collectively, our data suggest that a reduction of FMRP levels alters the synaptic protein dynamics, leading to synaptic dysfunction and glutamate excitotoxicity. Here, we present a mechanistic hypothesis linking dysregulation of peripheral translation with synaptic vulnerability in the pathogenesis of FUS-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Shum
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK; Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Erin C Hedges
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Joseph Allison
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Youn-Bok Lee
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Natalia Arias
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Brain and Behavior Group, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Graham Cocks
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK; Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Institute Paulo Gontijo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Hedges EC, Cocks G, Shaw CE, Nishimura AL. Generation of an Open-Access Patient-Derived iPSC Biobank for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disease Modelling. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051108. [PMID: 37239468 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the upper and lower motor neurons, causing patients to lose control over voluntary movement, and leading to gradual paralysis and death. There is no cure for ALS, and the development of viable therapeutics has proved challenging, demonstrated by a lack of positive results from clinical trials. One strategy to address this is to improve the tool kit available for pre-clinical research. Here, we describe the creation of an open-access ALS iPSC biobank generated from patients carrying mutations in the TARDBP, FUS, ANXA11, ARPP21, and C9ORF72 genes, alongside healthy controls. To demonstrate the utilisation of these lines for ALS disease modelling, a subset of FUS-ALS iPSCs were differentiated into functionally active motor neurons. Further characterisation revealed an increase in cytoplasmic FUS protein and reduced neurite outgrowth in FUS-ALS motor neurons compared to the control. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that these novel patient-derived iPSC lines can recapitulate specific and early disease-related ALS phenotypes. This biobank provides a disease-relevant platform for discovery of ALS-associated cellular phenotypes to aid the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Hedges
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd., London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Graham Cocks
- Genome Editing and Embryology Core, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd., London SE5 9RT, UK
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd., London SE5 9RT, UK
- Blizard Institute, Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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3
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Gotkine M, de Majo M, Wong CH, Topp SD, Michaelson-Cohen R, Epsztejn-Litman S, Eiges R, Y YL, Kanaan M, Shaked HM, Alahmady N, Vance C, Newhouse SJ, Breen G, Nishimura AL, Shaw CE, Smith BN. A recessive S174X mutation in Optineurin causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a loss of function via allele-specific nonsense-mediated decay. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:351.e1-351.e6. [PMID: 34272080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function (LoF) mutations in Optineurin can cause recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with some heterozygous LoF mutations associated with dominant ALS. The molecular mechanisms underlying the variable inheritance pattern associated with OPTN mutations have remained elusive. We identified that affected members of a consanguineous Middle Eastern ALS kindred possessed a novel homozygous p.S174X OPTN mutation. Analysis of these primary fibroblast lines from family members identified that the p.S174X mutation reduces OPTN mRNA expression in an allele-dependent fashion by nonsense mediated decay. Western blotting correlated a reduced expression in heterozygote carriers but a complete absence of OPTN protein in the homozygous carrier. This data suggests that the p.S174X truncation mutation causes recessive ALS through LoF. However, functional analysis detected a significant increase in mitophagy markers TOM20 and COXIV, and higher rates of mitochondrial respiration and ATP levels in heterozygous carriers only. This suggests that heterozygous LoF OPTN mutations may not be causative in a Mendelian manner but may potentially behave as contributory ALS risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gotkine
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martina de Majo
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chun Hao Wong
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon D Topp
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Michaelson-Cohen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Silvina Epsztejn-Litman
- Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Eiges
- Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossef Lerner Y
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moein Kanaan
- Hereditary Research Laboratory, Bethlehem University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Mor Shaked
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nada Alahmady
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Biology, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caroline Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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4
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Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). ALS pathogenic features include accumulation of misfolded proteins, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction at distal axon terminals, and neuronal cytoskeleton changes. Synergies between loss of C9orf72 functions and gain of function by toxic effects of repeat expansions also contribute to C9orf72-mediated pathogenesis. However, the impact of haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 on neurons and in synaptic functions requires further examination. As the motor neurons degenerate, the disease symptoms will lead to neurotransmission deficiencies in the brain, spinal cord, and neuromuscular junction. Altered neuronal excitability, synaptic morphological changes, and C9orf72 protein and DPR localization at the synapses, suggest a potential involvement of C9orf72 at synapses. In this review article, we provide a conceptual framework for assessing the putative involvement of C9orf72 as a synaptopathy, and we explore the underlying and common disease mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we reflect on the major challenges of understanding C9orf72-ALS as a synaptopathy focusing on integrating mitochondrial and neuronal cytoskeleton degeneration as biomarkers and potential targets to treat ALS neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L Nishimura
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, UK Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Arias
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, UK Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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5
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Lee YB, Baskaran P, Gomez-Deza J, Chen HJ, Nishimura AL, Smith BN, Troakes C, Adachi Y, Stepto A, Petrucelli L, Gallo JM, Hirth F, Rogelj B, Guthrie S, Shaw CE. C9orf72 poly GA RAN-translated protein plays a key role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via aggregation and toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:318-320. [PMID: 32888026 PMCID: PMC8248939 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Bok Lee
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Pranetha Baskaran
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jorge Gomez-Deza
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yoshitsugu Adachi
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alan Stepto
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Frank Hirth
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sarah Guthrie
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer Campus, Brighton, BN7 9QG UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
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6
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Hedges EC, Topp S, Shaw CE, Nishimura AL. Generation of six induced pluripotent stem cell lines from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with associated genetic mutations in either FUS or ANXA11. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102246. [PMID: 33610019 PMCID: PMC7988463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, causing gradual paralysis, and resulting in death 3-5 years from diagnosis. ALS causative mutations have been identified in multiple genes, including Fused in sarcoma (FUS), and recently characterized Annexin A11 (ANXA11). We have derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from six ALS patient lymphoblastoid cell lines, three with mutations in FUS (Q519E, R521H, R522G), and three with mutations in ANXA11 (G38R, D40G, R235Q). These lines have been characterized and provide a novel resource for investigation into ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Hedges
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon Topp
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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7
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Lee YB, Baskaran P, Gomez-Deza J, Chen HJ, Nishimura AL, Smith BN, Troakes C, Adachi Y, Stepto A, Petrucelli L, Gallo JM, Hirth F, Rogelj B, Guthrie S, Shaw CE. C9orf72 poly GA RAN-translated protein plays a key role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via aggregation and toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4765-4777. [PMID: 28973350 PMCID: PMC5886201 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An intronic GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansion inC9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS/FTD). Repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of G4C2 RNA can result in five different dipeptide repeat proteins (DPR: poly GA, poly GP, poly GR, poly PA, and poly PR), which aggregate into neuronal cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions in affected patients, however their contribution to disease pathogenesis remains controversial. We show that among the DPR proteins, expression of poly GA in a cell culture model activates programmed cell death and TDP-43 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Dual expression of poly GA together with other DPRs revealed that poly GP and poly PA are sequestered by poly GA, whereas poly GR and poly PR are rarely co-localised with poly GA. Dual expression of poly GA and poly PA ameliorated poly GA toxicity by inhibiting poly GA aggregation both in vitro and in vivo in the chick embryonic spinal cord. Expression of alternative codon-derived DPRs in chick embryonic spinal cord confirmed in vitro data, revealing that each of the dipeptides caused toxicity, with poly GA being the most toxic. Further, in vivo expression of G4C2 repeats of varying length caused apoptotic cell death, but failed to generate DPRs. Together, these data demonstrate that C9-related toxicity can be mediated by either RNA or DPRs. Moreover, our findings provide evidence that poly GA is a key mediator of cytotoxicity and that cross-talk between DPR proteins likely modifies their pathogenic status in C9ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Bok Lee
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Pranetha Baskaran
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jorge Gomez-Deza
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yoshitsugu Adachi
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alan Stepto
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Frank Hirth
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sarah Guthrie
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer Campus, Brighton, BN7 9QG UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, UK
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8
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Selvaraj BT, Livesey MR, Zhao C, Gregory JM, James OT, Cleary EM, Chouhan AK, Gane AB, Perkins EM, Dando O, Lillico SG, Lee YB, Nishimura AL, Poreci U, Thankamony S, Pray M, Vasistha NA, Magnani D, Borooah S, Burr K, Story D, McCampbell A, Shaw CE, Kind PC, Aitman TJ, Whitelaw CBA, Wilmut I, Smith C, Miles GB, Hardingham GE, Wyllie DJA, Chandran S. C9ORF72 repeat expansion causes vulnerability of motor neurons to Ca 2+-permeable AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:347. [PMID: 29367641 PMCID: PMC5783946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in C9ORF72 are the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, through a combination of RNA-Seq and electrophysiological studies on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons (MNs), we show that increased expression of GluA1 AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit occurs in MNs with C9ORF72 mutations that leads to increased Ca2+-permeable AMPAR expression and results in enhanced selective MN vulnerability to excitotoxicity. These deficits are not found in iPSC-derived cortical neurons and are abolished by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of the C9ORF72 repeat expansion in MNs. We also demonstrate that MN-specific dysregulation of AMPAR expression is also present in C9ORF72 patient post-mortem material. We therefore present multiple lines of evidence for the specific upregulation of GluA1 subunits in human mutant C9ORF72 MNs that could lead to a potential pathogenic excitotoxic mechanism in ALS. Repeat expansion mutation in C9ORF72 is the most common cause of familial ALS. Here, the authors generate motor neurons from cells of patients with C9ORF72 mutations, and characterize changes in gene expression in these motor neurons compared to genetically corrected lines, which suggest that glutamate receptor subunit GluA1 is dysregulated in this form of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Chen Zhao
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owain T James
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elaine M Cleary
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amit K Chouhan
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Angus B Gane
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Emma M Perkins
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Simon G Lillico
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Youn-Bok Lee
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Urjana Poreci
- Global Biomarker and Drug Discovery, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sai Thankamony
- Global Biomarker and Drug Discovery, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Meryll Pray
- Global Biomarker and Drug Discovery, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Navneet A Vasistha
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Dario Magnani
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Karen Burr
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David Story
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Peter C Kind
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - C Bruce A Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ian Wilmut
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Gareth B Miles
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,UK DRI Institute at Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK. .,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK. .,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, 560065, India.
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK. .,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK. .,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK. .,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, 560065, India. .,UK DRI Institute at Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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9
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Chen HJ, Mitchell JC, Novoselov S, Miller J, Nishimura AL, Scotter EL, Vance CA, Cheetham ME, Shaw CE. The heat shock response plays an important role in TDP-43 clearance: evidence for dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2016; 139:1417-32. [PMID: 26936937 PMCID: PMC4845254 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detergent-resistant, ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43, encoded by TARDBP) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions are the pathological hallmark in ∼95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ∼60% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration cases. We sought to explore the role for the heat shock response in the clearance of insoluble TDP-43 in a cellular model of disease and to validate our findings in transgenic mice and human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tissues. The heat shock response is a stress-responsive protective mechanism regulated by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which increases the expression of chaperones that refold damaged misfolded proteins or facilitate their degradation. Here we show that manipulation of the heat shock response by expression of dominant active HSF1 results in a dramatic reduction of insoluble and hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 that enhances cell survival, whereas expression of dominant negative HSF1 leads to enhanced TDP-43 aggregation and hyperphosphorylation. To determine which chaperones were mediating TDP-43 clearance we over-expressed a range of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and identified DNAJB2a (encoded by DNAJB2, and also known as HSJ1a) as a potent anti-aggregation chaperone for TDP-43. DNAJB2a has a J domain, allowing it to interact with HSP70, and ubiquitin interacting motifs, which enable it to engage the degradation of its client proteins. Using functionally deleted DNAJB2a constructs we demonstrated that TDP-43 clearance was J domain-dependent and was not affected by ubiquitin interacting motif deletion or proteasome inhibition. This indicates that TDP-43 is maintained in a soluble state by DNAJB2a, leaving the total levels of TDP-43 unchanged. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the levels of HSF1 and heat shock proteins are significantly reduced in affected neuronal tissues from a TDP-43 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This implies that the HSF1-mediated DNAJB2a/HSP70 heat shock response pathway is compromised in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Defective refolding of TDP-43 is predicted to aggravate the TDP-43 proteinopathy. The finding that the pathological accumulation of insoluble TDP-43 can be reduced by the activation of HSF1/HSP pathways presents an exciting opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jou Chen
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline C Mitchell
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jack Miller
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Nishimura AL, Shum C, Scotter EL, Abdelgany A, Sardone V, Wright J, Lee YB, Chen HJ, Bilican B, Carrasco M, Maniatis T, Chandran S, Rogelj B, Gallo JM, Shaw CE. Allele-specific knockdown of ALS-associated mutant TDP-43 in neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91269. [PMID: 24651281 PMCID: PMC3961241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is found in cytoplasmic inclusions in 95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 60% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Approximately 4% of familial ALS is caused by mutations in TDP-43. The majority of these mutations are found in the glycine-rich domain, including the variant M337V, which is one of the most common mutations in TDP-43. In order to investigate the use of allele-specific RNA interference (RNAi) as a potential therapeutic tool, we designed and screened a set of siRNAs that specifically target TDP-43(M337V) mutation. Two siRNA specifically silenced the M337V mutation in HEK293T cells transfected with GFP-TDP-43(wt) or GFP-TDP-43(M337V) or TDP-43 C-terminal fragments counterparts. C-terminal TDP-43 transfected cells show an increase of cytosolic inclusions, which are decreased after allele-specific siRNA in M337V cells. We then investigated the effects of one of these allele-specific siRNAs in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from an ALS patient carrying the M337V mutation. These lines showed a two-fold increase in cytosolic TDP-43 compared to the control. Following transfection with the allele-specific siRNA, cytosolic TDP-43 was reduced by 30% compared to cells transfected with a scrambled siRNA. We conclude that RNA interference can be used to selectively target the TDP-43(M337V) allele in mammalian and patient cells, thus demonstrating the potential for using RNA interference as a therapeutic tool for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L. Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Shum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Scotter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amr Abdelgany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Sardone
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jamie Wright
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Youn-Bok Lee
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bilada Bilican
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Neurodegeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Neurodegeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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11
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Scotter EL, Vance C, Nishimura AL, Lee YB, Chen HJ, Urwin H, Sardone V, Mitchell JC, Rogelj B, Rubinsztein DC, Shaw CE. Differential roles of the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy in the clearance of soluble and aggregated TDP-43 species. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1263-78. [PMID: 24424030 PMCID: PMC3953816 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43, also known as TARDBP) is the major pathological protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Large TDP-43 aggregates that are decorated with degradation adaptor proteins are seen in the cytoplasm of remaining neurons in ALS and FTD patients post mortem. TDP-43 accumulation and ALS-linked mutations within degradation pathways implicate failed TDP-43 clearance as a primary disease mechanism. Here, we report the differing roles of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy in the clearance of TDP-43. We have investigated the effects of inhibitors of the UPS and autophagy on the degradation, localisation and mobility of soluble and insoluble TDP-43. We find that soluble TDP-43 is degraded primarily by the UPS, whereas the clearance of aggregated TDP-43 requires autophagy. Cellular macroaggregates, which recapitulate many of the pathological features of the aggregates in patients, are reversible when both the UPS and autophagy are functional. Their clearance involves the autophagic removal of oligomeric TDP-43. We speculate that, in addition to an age-related decline in pathway activity, a second hit in either the UPS or the autophagy pathway drives the accumulation of TDP-43 in ALS and FTD. Therapies for clearing excess TDP-43 should therefore target a combination of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Scotter
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Agnes L. Nishimura
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Youn-Bok Lee
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hazel Urwin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Valentina Sardone
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jacqueline C. Mitchell
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
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12
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Lee YB, Chen HJ, Peres JN, Gomez-Deza J, Attig J, Stalekar M, Troakes C, Nishimura AL, Scotter EL, Vance C, Adachi Y, Sardone V, Miller JW, Smith BN, Gallo JM, Ule J, Hirth F, Rogelj B, Houart C, Shaw CE. Hexanucleotide repeats in ALS/FTD form length-dependent RNA foci, sequester RNA binding proteins, and are neurotoxic. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1178-86. [PMID: 24290757 PMCID: PMC3898469 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The GGGGCC (G4C2) intronic repeat expansion within C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Intranuclear neuronal RNA foci have been observed in ALS and FTD tissues, suggesting that G4C2 RNA may be toxic. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of 38× and 72× G4C2 repeats form intranuclear RNA foci that initiate apoptotic cell death in neuronal cell lines and zebrafish embryos. The foci colocalize with a subset of RNA binding proteins, including SF2, SC35, and hnRNP-H in transfected cells. Only hnRNP-H binds directly to G4C2 repeats following RNA immunoprecipitation, and only hnRNP-H colocalizes with 70% of G4C2 RNA foci detected in C9ORF72 mutant ALS and FTD brain tissues. We show that expanded G4C2 repeats are potently neurotoxic and bind hnRNP-H and other RNA binding proteins. We propose that RNA toxicity and protein sequestration may disrupt RNA processing and contribute to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Bok Lee
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - João N Peres
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jorge Gomez-Deza
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jan Attig
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Maja Stalekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Yoshitsugu Adachi
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Valentina Sardone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental, and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jack W Miller
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jernej Ule
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Frank Hirth
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Corinne Houart
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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13
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Zhang Z, Almeida S, Lu Y, Nishimura AL, Peng L, Sun D, Wu B, Karydas AM, Tartaglia MC, Fong JC, Miller BL, Farese RV, Moore MJ, Shaw CE, Gao FB. Downregulation of microRNA-9 in iPSC-derived neurons of FTD/ALS patients with TDP-43 mutations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76055. [PMID: 24143176 PMCID: PMC3797144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major pathological protein in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). There are many disease-associated mutations in TDP-43, and several cellular and animal models with ectopic overexpression of mutant TDP-43 have been established. Here we sought to study altered molecular events in FTD and ALS by using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived patient neurons. We generated multiple iPSC lines from an FTD/ALS patient with the TARDBP A90V mutation and from an unaffected family member who lacked the mutation. After extensive characterization, two to three iPSC lines from each subject were selected, differentiated into postmitotic neurons, and screened for relevant cell-autonomous phenotypes. Patient-derived neurons were more sensitive than control neurons to 100 nM straurosporine but not to other inducers of cellular stress. Three disease-relevant cellular phenotypes were revealed under staurosporine-induced stress. First, TDP-43 was localized in the cytoplasm of a higher percentage of patient neurons than control neurons. Second, the total TDP-43 level was lower in patient neurons with the A90V mutation. Third, the levels of microRNA-9 (miR-9) and its precursor pri-miR-9-2 decreased in patient neurons but not in control neurons. The latter is likely because of reduced TDP-43, as shRNA-mediated TDP-43 knockdown in rodent primary neurons also decreased the pri-miR-9-2 level. The reduction in miR-9 expression was confirmed in human neurons derived from iPSC lines containing the more pathogenic TARDBP M337V mutation, suggesting miR-9 downregulation might be a common pathogenic event in FTD/ALS. These results show that iPSC models of FTD/ALS are useful for revealing stress-dependent cellular defects of human patient neurons containing rare TDP-43 mutations in their native genetic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sandra Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yubing Lu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Agnes L. Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lingtao Peng
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Danqiong Sun
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bei Wu
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Tartaglia
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jamie C. Fong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Farese
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Moore
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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14
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Vance C, Scotter EL, Nishimura AL, Troakes C, Mitchell JC, Kathe C, Urwin H, Manser C, Miller CC, Hortobágyi T, Dragunow M, Rogelj B, Shaw CE. ALS mutant FUS disrupts nuclear localization and sequesters wild-type FUS within cytoplasmic stress granules. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2676-88. [PMID: 23474818 PMCID: PMC3674807 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. FUS is a predominantly nuclear DNA- and RNA-binding protein that is involved in RNA processing. Large FUS-immunoreactive inclusions fill the perikaryon of surviving motor neurons of ALS patients carrying mutations at post-mortem. This sequestration of FUS is predicted to disrupt RNA processing and initiate neurodegeneration. Here, we demonstrate that C-terminal ALS mutations disrupt the nuclear localizing signal (NLS) of FUS resulting in cytoplasmic accumulation in transfected cells and patient fibroblasts. FUS mislocalization is rescued by the addition of the wild-type FUS NLS to mutant proteins. We also show that oxidative stress recruits mutant FUS to cytoplasmic stress granules where it is able to bind and sequester wild-type FUS. While FUS interacts with itself directly by protein-protein interaction, the recruitment of FUS to stress granules and interaction with PABP are RNA dependent. These findings support a two-hit hypothesis, whereby cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUS protein, followed by cellular stress, contributes to the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates that may sequester FUS, disrupt RNA processing and initiate motor neuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Manser
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher C. Miller
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Mike Dragunow
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Tollervey JR, Curk T, Rogelj B, Briese M, Cereda M, Kayikci M, König J, Hortobágyi T, Nishimura AL, Zupunski V, Patani R, Chandran S, Rot G, Zupan B, Shaw CE, Ule J. Characterizing the RNA targets and position-dependent splicing regulation by TDP-43. Nat Neurosci 2011; 14:452-8. [PMID: 21358640 PMCID: PMC3108889 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 is a predominantly nuclear RNA-binding protein that forms inclusion bodies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mRNA targets of TDP-43 in the human brain and its role in RNA processing are largely unknown. Using individual-nucleotide resolution UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP), we demonstrated that TDP-43 preferentially binds long clusters of UG-rich sequences in vivo. Analysis of TDP-43 RNA binding in FTLD-TDP brains revealed the greatest increases in binding to MALAT1 and NEAT1 non-coding RNAs. We also showed that TDP-43 binding on pre-mRNAs influences alternative splicing in a similar position-dependent manner to Nova proteins. In addition, we identified unusually long clusters of TDP-43 binding at deep intronic positions downstream of silenced exons. A significant proportion of alternative mRNA isoforms regulated by TDP-43 encode proteins that regulate neuronal development or are implicated in neurological diseases, highlighting the importance of TDP-43 for splicing regulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tollervey
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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Funke AD, Esser M, Krüttgen A, Weis J, Mitne-Neto M, Lazar M, Nishimura AL, Sperfeld AD, Trillenberg P, Senderek J, Krasnianski M, Zatz M, Zierz S, Deschauer M. The p.P56S mutation in the VAPB gene is not due to a single founder: the first European case. Clin Genet 2010; 77:302-3. [PMID: 20447143 PMCID: PMC2847198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Nishimura AL, Zupunski V, Troakes C, Kathe C, Fratta P, Howell M, Gallo JM, Hortobágyi T, Shaw CE, Rogelj B. Nuclear import impairment causes cytoplasmic trans-activation response DNA-binding protein accumulation and is associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 133:1763-71. [PMID: 20472655 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trans-activation response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) accumulation is the major component of ubiquitinated protein inclusions found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 positive ubiquitinated inclusions, recently relabelled the 'TDP-43 proteinopathies'. TDP-43 is predominantly located in the nucleus, however, in disease it mislocalizes to the cytoplasm where it aggregates to form hallmark pathological inclusions. The identification of TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases confirms its pathogenic role; but it is wild-type TDP-43 that is deposited in the vast majority of TDP-43 proteinopathies, implicating other unknown factors for its mislocalization and aggregation. One such mechanism may be defective nuclear import of TDP-43 protein, as a disruption of its nuclear localization signal leads to mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm. In order to explore the factors that regulate the nuclear import of TDP-43, we used a small interfering RNA library to silence 82 proteins involved in nuclear transport and found that knockdowns of karyopherin-beta1 and cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein resulted in marked cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43. In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, TDP-43 bound to karyopherin-alphas, thereby confirming the classical nuclear import pathway for the import of TDP-43. Analysis of the expression of chosen nuclear import factors in post-mortem brain samples from patients with TDP-43 positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and spinal cord samples from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, revealed a considerable reduction in expression of cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We propose that cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein associated defective nuclear transport may play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of the TDP-43 positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L Nishimura
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Mitne-Neto M, Ramos CRR, Pimenta DC, Luz JS, Nishimura AL, Gonzales FA, Oliveira CC, Zatz M. A mutation in human VAP-B–MSP domain, present in ALS patients, affects the interaction with other cellular proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 55:139-46. [PMID: 17540579 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset Motor Neuron Disease (MND), characterized by motor neurons death in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Ten loci linked to Familial ALS have been mapped. ALS8 is caused by a substitution of a proline by a serine in the Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein-Associated protein-B/C (VAP-B/C). VAP-B belongs to a highly conserved family of proteins implicated in Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport and microtubules stabilization. Previous studies demonstrated that the P56S mutation disrupts the subcellular localization of VAP-B and that this position would be essential for Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) induced by VAP-B. In the present work we expressed and purified recombinant wild-type and P56S mutant VAP-B-MSP domain for the analysis of its interactions with other cellular proteins. Our findings suggest that the P56S mutation may lead to a less stable interaction of this endoplasmic reticulum protein with at least two other proteins: tubulin and GAPDH. These two proteins have been previously related to other forms of neurodegenerative diseases and are potential key points to understand ALS8 pathogenesis and other forms of MND. Understanding the role of these protein interactions may help the treatment of this devastating disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitne-Neto
- Human Genome Research Center, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Nishimura AL, Guindalini C, Oliveira JRM, Nitrini R, Bahia VS, de Brito-Marques PR, Otto PA, Zatz M. Monoamine oxidase a polymorphism in Brazilian patients: risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease? J Mol Neurosci 2005; 27:213-7. [PMID: 16186632 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:27:2:213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Different studies have attempted to find polymorphisms involved in the serotonergic pathway that could be involved in mood disorders and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) symptoms. Here, we compared the frequency of two polymorphisms: monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and serotonin transporter in LOAD patients versus controls. No evidence of association was observed when these polymorphisms were compared separately; however, the combination of the MAOA allele 1+the short allele of 5-HTTLPR+ApoE-epsilon4 was significantly more frequent in patients than in controls. It reinforces the hypothesis that different genes acting together might play a role in AD susceptibility. Based on these data, we suggest replicating these studies in larger samples of LOAD patients belonging to different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L Nishimura
- Human Genome Research Center, Biology Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo University (IBUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Nishimura AL, Al-Chalabi A, Zatz M. A common founder for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 8 (ALS8) in the Brazilian population. Hum Genet 2005; 118:499-500. [PMID: 16187141 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The P56S mutation in the VAPB gene causes ALS8. Eight families, comprising more than 1,500 individuals of whom about 200 are affected, are now known to carry this mutation. Seven are of Portuguese-Brazilian ancestry and one of African-Brazilian ancestry. Haplotype analysis shows a common founder for all families regardless of ancestry, with a founding event 23 generations ago (95% CI 13-39), consistent with the Portuguese colonization of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L Nishimura
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, sala 211, Cidade Universitària, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 05508-090
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Nishimura AL, Mitne-Neto M, Silva HCA, Richieri-Costa A, Middleton S, Cascio D, Kok F, Oliveira JRM, Gillingwater T, Webb J, Skehel P, Zatz M. A mutation in the vesicle-trafficking protein VAPB causes late-onset spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:822-31. [PMID: 15372378 PMCID: PMC1182111 DOI: 10.1086/425287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders with involvement of upper and/or lower motor neurons, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), progressive bulbar palsy, and primary lateral sclerosis. Recently, we have mapped a new locus for an atypical form of ALS/MND (atypical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS8]) at 20q13.3 in a large white Brazilian family. Here, we report the finding of a novel missense mutation in the vesicle-associated membrane protein/synaptobrevin-associated membrane protein B (VAPB) gene in patients from this family. Subsequently, the same mutation was identified in patients from six additional kindreds but with different clinical courses, such as ALS8, late-onset SMA, and typical severe ALS with rapid progression. Although it was not possible to link all these families, haplotype analysis suggests a founder effect. Members of the vesicle-associated proteins are intracellular membrane proteins that can associate with microtubules and that have been shown to have a function in membrane transport. These data suggest that clinically variable MNDs may be caused by a dysfunction in intracellular membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L. Nishimura
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Miguel Mitne-Neto
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Helga C. A. Silva
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Antônio Richieri-Costa
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Susan Middleton
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Fernando Kok
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - João R. M. Oliveira
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Tom Gillingwater
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Jeanette Webb
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Paul Skehel
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome Research Center, Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo University, and Anesthesiology, Pain, and Intensive Care Department, Medical School of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Genetics Service, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California–Los Angeles Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE), Los Angeles
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Nishimura AL, Oliveira JRM, Mitne-Neto M, Guindalini C, Nitrini R, Bahia VS, de Brito-Marques PR, Otto PA, Zatz M. Lack of association between the brain-derived neurotrophin factor (C-270T) polymorphism and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in Brazilian patients. J Mol Neurosci 2004; 22:257-60. [PMID: 14997020 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:22:3:257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 09/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After the identification of the apolipoprotein E gene isoform (APOE-epsilon4) as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the search for other polymorphisms associated with AD has been undertaken by many groups of investigators around the world. These studies have shown controversial results in many populations. More recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) was found to be a risk factor for AD in two independent population studies. Here we report the analysis of this polymorphism in a group of 188 LOAD Brazilian patients compared to matched normal controls. A strong association between the APOE-epsilon4 polymorphism and LOAD was observed, but there was no significant association between this BNDF polymorphism and affected patients. The possibility that other polymorphisms or mutations in this gene play a role in the development of AD cannot be ruled out. However, the results of the present study suggest that in opposition to the two reported studies, this polymorphism does not seem to be implicated in LOAD Brazilian patients. It also shows the importance of replication studies in different populations, as susceptibility loci might differ in different ethnic groups; this will have important implications in future treatments with pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L Nishimura
- Human Genome Research Center, Biology Department, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo-IBUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Fertuzinhos SMM, Oliveira JRM, Nishimura AL, Pontual D, Carvalho DR, Sougey EB, Otto PA, Zatz M. Analysis of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1RA [correction of IL-RA] polymorphisms in dysthymia. J Mol Neurosci 2004; 22:251-6. [PMID: 14997019 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:22:3:251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Investigators of independent studies reported alterations in cytokine serum levels in patients with different mood disorders. Several polymorphisms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease have been reported at the interleukin-1 (IL-1) panel. Here we report the results of three specific polymorphisms at the IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1RA genes, which were analyzed in 128 Brazilian subjects: 59 dysthymic patients and 69 normal controls. We found a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002) in the frequency of haplotypes with alleles 2+ (IL-1RA), T+ (IL-1alpha), and C+ (IL-1beta) in patients as compared to controls. We also observed that haplotype IL-1RA1.2/IL-1alpha CT/IL-1beta CC, present in 6 dysthymic patients (10%) was absent in the normal control group (p = 0.012). These results suggest that these polymorphisms might confer a greater susceptibility to develop dysthymia in Brazilian patients. However, to validate these data it will be of great interest to repeat this study in larger samples and other ethnic groups.
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Takata RI, Speck Martins CE, Passosbueno MR, Abe KT, Nishimura AL, Da Silva MD, Monteiro A, Lima MI, Kok F, Zatz M. A new locus for recessive distal spinal muscular atrophy at Xq13.1-q21. J Med Genet 2004; 41:224-9. [PMID: 14985388 PMCID: PMC1735691 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Nishimura AL, Mitne-Neto M, Silva HCA, Oliveira JRM, Vainzof M, Zatz M. A novel locus for late onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease variant at 20q13. J Med Genet 2004; 41:315-20. [PMID: 15060112 PMCID: PMC1735732 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.013029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Nishimura AL, Oliveira JR, Otto PA, Matioli SR, Brito-Marques PR, Bahia VS, Nitrini R, Zatz M. No evidence of association between the D10S1423 locus and Alzheimer disease in Brazilian patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2001; 108:305-10. [PMID: 11341482 DOI: 10.1007/s007020170076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a genome survey for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Zubenko et al. (1998) reported that the 234bp allele of the D10S1423 locus was more frequent among AD cases than in controls. We have analyzed this polymorphic locus in patients and healthy controls and observed that the 226bp allele is the most frequent allele in the D10S1423 locus in Brazilian AD patients. However, no statistically significant association between any D10S1423 allele was observed in AD patients as well as in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Nishimura
- Center of the Study of the Human Genome, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Nishimura AL, Oliveira JR, Matioli SR, Brito-Marques PR, Bahia VS, Nitrini R, Zatz M. Analysis of the disease risk locus DXS1047 polymorphism in Brazilian Alzheimer patients. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5:563-6. [PMID: 11032393 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder characterized by a progressive deterioration in memory and other cognitive functions. Four genes associated with early onset AD have been identified but familial AD is rare. The majority of late onset AD (LOAD) is caused by a complex inheritance with several genes interacting with environmental factors. The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been reported worldwide as a risk factor associated with LOAD. The short variant of a polymorphism in the transcriptional region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was analyzed in several psychiatric conditions and found to be more frequently associated with European and Brazilian LOAD patients. Recently, allelic associations with LOAD were reported for five other loci, the most significant for one X-linked 202-bp allele, at the DXS1047 locus. We have analyzed this locus in Brazilian LOAD patients and observed that the 202-bp allele was not significantly more frequent among patients. In contrast, two other alleles (200 bp and 208 bp) were less frequent among AD male patients than in controls, confirming the importance of replicating association studies in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Nishimura
- Center of the Study of the Human Genome, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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