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Cheng X, Qin L, Deng L, Zhu X, Li Y, Wu X, Zheng Y. SNX-2112 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Downregulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:5825-5837. [PMID: 34475996 PMCID: PMC8408115 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is responsible for substantial mortality worldwide. The small molecule SNX-2112 was recently shown to critically effect the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which SNX-2112 affects NSCLC remains poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the function of SNX-2112 in NSCLC. We verified that SNX-2112 promoted apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of A549 and H520 NSCLC cells in vitro. We further verified the potential mechanism of SNX-2112 in NSCLC. The changes in the protein levels demonstrated that SNX-2112 inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin increased, β-catenin and p-GSK3β decreased) in NSCLC cells. These results were verified by rescue experiments using a Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist. We also established a tumor xenograft model and confirmed that SNX-2112 reduced tumor growth and proliferation and enhanced necrosis and apoptosis in a NSCLC model in vivo. In conclusion, the current study is the first to discover the mechanism of SNX-2112 in NSCLC. SNX-2112 induced apoptosis and also inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells by downregulating EMT via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Cheng
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Department of Oncology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Hainan Province, 570208, China
| | - Lingyu Qin
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Industry Road, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Lian Deng
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Industry Road, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiongjie Zhu
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Industry Road, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Industry Road, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaoran Wu
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Industry Road, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Industry Road, Guangzhou 510282, China
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2
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Liu K, Chen J, Yang F, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Guo Y, Hu H, Gao H, Li H, Zhou W, Qin B, Wang Y. BJ-B11, an Hsp90 Inhibitor, Constrains the Proliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1447. [PMID: 31921692 PMCID: PMC6930179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women; however, its underlying etiology remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically analyzed breast cancer tissues using comprehensive iTRAQ labeled quantitative proteomics, identifying 841 differentially expressed proteins (474 and 367 significantly over- and under-expressed, respectively), which were annotated by protein domain analysis. All the heat shock proteins identified were upregulated in breast cancer tissues; Hsp90 upregulation was also validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, and high Hsp90 protein levels correlated with poorer survival. Hsp90AA1 overexpression promoted MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, whilst BJ-B11, an Hsp90 inhibitor, hampered their invasion, migration, and proliferation in a time and dose-dependent manner and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. BJ-B11 inhibited the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas Hsp90AA1 promoted its expression. Moreover, BJ-B11 inhibited tumor growth in xenograft model. Altogether, Hsp90 activation is a risk factor in breast cancer patients, and BJ-B11 could be used to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Shenzhen Nanshan District Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifan Zhou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaomin Guo
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hengyuan Gao
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haili Li
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Shenzhen Nanshan District Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Zhang PC, Liu X, Li MM, Ma YY, Sun HT, Tian XY, Wang Y, Liu M, Fu LS, Wang YF, Chen HY, Liu Z. AT-533, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, inhibits breast cancer growth and HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 172:113771. [PMID: 31863779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of angiogenesis is suggested to be an attractive strategy for cancer therapeutics. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is closely related to tumorigenesis as it regulates the stabilization and activated states of many client proteins that are essential for cell survival and tumor growth. Here, we investigated the mechanism whereby AT-533, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, inhibits breast cancer growth and tumor angiogenesis. Based on our results, AT-533 suppressed the tube formation, cell migration, and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and was more effective than the Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-AAG. Furthermore, AT-533 inhibited angiogenesis in the aortic ring, Matrigel plug, and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. Mechanically, AT-533 inhibited the activation of VEGFR-2 and the downstream pathways, including Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, Erk1/2 and FAK, in HUVECs, and the viability of breast cancer cells and the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway under hypoxia. In vivo, AT-533 also inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that the Hsp90 inhibitor, AT-533, suppresses breast cancer growth and angiogenesis by blocking the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. AT-533 may thus be a potentially useful drug candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Man-Mei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Yan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xu-Yan Tian
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang-Shun Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Heat-shock protein 90α is involved in maintaining the stability of VP16 and VP16-mediated transactivation of α genes from herpes simplex virus-1. Mol Med 2018; 24:65. [PMID: 30577726 PMCID: PMC6303900 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous host cellular factors are exploited by viruses to facilitate infection. Our previous studies and those of others have shown heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a cellular molecular chaperone, is involved in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection. However, the function of the dominant Hsp90 isoform and the relationship between Hsp90 and HSV-1 α genes remain unclear. Methods and results Hsp90α knockdown or inhibition significantly inhibited the promoter activity of HSV-1 α genes and downregulated virion protein 16(VP16) expression from virus and plasmids. The Hsp90α knockdown-induced suppression of α genes promoter activity and downregulation of α genes was reversed by VP16 overexpression, indicating that Hsp90α is involved in VP16-mediated transcription of HSV-1 α genes. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that VP16 interacted with Hsp90α through the conserved core domain within VP16. Based on using autophagy inhibitors and the presence of Hsp90 inhibitors in ATG7−/− (autophagy-deficient) cells, Hsp90 inhibition-induced degradation of VP16 is dependent on macroautophagy-mediated degradation but not chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. In vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with gels containing Hsp90 inhibitor effectively reduced the level of VP16 and α genes, which may contribute to the amelioration of the skin lesions in an HSV-1 infection mediated zosteriform model. Conclusion Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which Hsp90α facilitates the transactivation of HSV-1 α genes and viral infection, and highlights the importance of developing selective inhibitors targeting the interaction between Hsp90α and VP16 to reduce toxicity, a major challenge in the clinical use of Hsp90 inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0066-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Identification of New Biomarkers Associated With IDH Mutation and Prognosis in Astrocytic Tumors Using NanoString nCounter Analysis System. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:101-107. [PMID: 27258564 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations have been reported as biomarkers associated with tumorigenesis and prognosis in gliomas. However, genes affected by these mutations are still under investigation. The purpose of this study is to identify new molecular biomarkers associated with IDH mutation and prognosis in astrocytic tumors, which account for the largest proportion of gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS NanoString analysis was conducted on 40 astrocytic tumors. In total, 69 genes and 6 fusion genes were selected for screening. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the selected discriminatory genes. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test were used to analyze the overall survival and progression-free survival. RESULTS mRNA levels of NTRK3, ERCC1, JAK2, AXL, BCL2, ESR1, HSP90AB1, TUBB3, RET, and ABCG2 were elevated in the IDH mutant group, whereas levels of POSTN and ERBB2 were elevated in the IDH wild-type group. Genes more highly expressed in the better prognosis group included NTRK3, ERCC1, ROS1, ERBB4, BCL2, CDKN2A, AXL, PI3KCA, HSP90AB1, ABCG2, JAK2, and RET. In the worse prognosis group, TIMP1, POSTN, and ERBB2 showed increased expressions. The elevated expression of HSP90AB1 was correlated with IDH mutation, long survival, and secondary glioblastomas. Elevated TIMP1 expression was related to high tumor grade and short patient survival. The results of NanoString were confirmed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS HSP90AB1 is related to IDH mutation and the expressions of HSP90AB1 and TIMP1 can predict prognosis in astrocytic tumors. The NanoString analysis system is a precise and reliable method to detect mRNA expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples.
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Qin JH, Wang K, Fu XL, Zhou PJ, Liu Z, Xu DD, Wang YF, Yang DP, Xie QL, Liu QY. Hsp90 inhibitor induces KG-1a cell differentiation and apoptosis via Akt/NF-κB signaling. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1517-1524. [PMID: 28713903 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) acts as a molecular chaperone that maintains protein stability and regulates cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and apoptosis. The present study investigated the effect of Hsp90 inhibition on human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells using the novel small-molecule inhibitor SNX-2112. We found that SNX-2112 more potently inhibited KG-1a cell growth than the classical Hsp90 inhibitor 17-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino‑17-demethoxygeldanamycin as determined by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis, and western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that low concentrations of SNX-2112 arrested the cells in the G2/M phase and induced their differentiation and apoptosis, possibly by suppressing Akt and inhibitor of κB kinase, a component of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. We also found that SNX-2112 increased the expression of the differentiation transcription factors PU.1 and CCAAT‑enhancer-binding protein-α. Thus, SNX-2112 induced KG-1a cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via modulation of Akt and NF-κB signaling, suggesting that it is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Qin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Lu Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - De-Po Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ling Xie
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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7
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Lee HG, Park WJ, Shin SJ, Kwon SH, Cha SD, Seo YH, Jeong JH, Lee JY, Cho CH. Hsp90 inhibitor SY-016 induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2817-2822. [PMID: 28454472 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of a heat shock protein (Hsp)90 inhibitor, SY-016, on the paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3PTX, and explore its mechanism of apoptosis. In the present study, SY-016 was used in combination with PTX to determine its effect on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of OVCAR-3PTX cells. The drug-resistant tumor cells were established in vitro by stepwise sequential exposure to increasing concentrations of PTX. The cell viability and cell cycle distribution were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The induction of apoptosis was measured by caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation and western blot analyses. The cell viability significantly decreased following treatment with PTX and SY-016 as compared with either drug alone. The DNA fragmentation assay revealed an induction of apoptosis. The results from the flow cytometric analysis revealed an increase in the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. Downregulation of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin, Akt, nuclear factor-κB and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, as well as upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein, were observed. SY-016 may contribute to the induction of apoptosis in OVCAR-3PTX cells. These results suggest that SY-016 in combination with PTX may be a beneficial chemotherapeutic strategy, particularly in patients with tumors refractory to PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gyo Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jin Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Do Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hui Jeong
- College of Pharmacy Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Heum Cho
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zheng L, Wu S, Tan L, Tan H, Yu B. Chitosan-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotube-mediated drug delivery of SNX-2112 in cancer cells. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:379-86. [PMID: 27231263 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216651183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of amphiphobic drugs (insoluble in both water and oil) has been a great challenge in drug delivery. SNX-2112, a novel inhibitor of Hsp90, is a promising drug candidate for treating various types of cancers; however, the insolubility greatly limits its clinical application. This study aimed to build a new type of drug delivery system using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for controllable release of SNX-2112; chitosan (CHI) was non-covalently added to SWNTs to improve their biocompatibility. SWNTs-CHI demonstrated high drug-loading capability; the release of SNX-2112 was pH triggered and time related. The intracellular reactive oxygen species of SWNTs–CHI increased, compared with that of SWNTs, leading to higher mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell apoptosis. The results of western-blotting, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and cell viability assay analyses indicated that apoptosis-related proteins were abundantly expressed in K562 cells and that the drug delivery system significantly inhibited K562 cells. Thus, SWNT–CHI/SNX-2112 shows great potential as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huo Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baodan Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Huyan T, Li Q, Dong DD, Yang H, Zhang J, Huang QS, Yin DC, Shang P. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors induce functional inhibition of human natural killer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 38:77-86. [PMID: 26642940 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1119159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitously expressed ATP-dependent molecular chaperone across all species that helps to the correct the folding of many proteins related to important signaling pathways. Tumor cells expressing Hsp90 have more ATP-binding affinity than normal cells. Many correlative inhibitors have been developed to promising anti-tumor strategies and have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, the effect of Hsp90 inhibitors on immunocytes cannot be ignored. Natural killer (NK) cells are key components of the innate immune system that play a pivotal role in tumor surveillance. The present study has investigated the potential effect of four Hsp90 inhibitors (NVP-AUY922, BIIB021, 17-DMAG, and SNX-2112) on human primary NK cells. The viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, phenotype, and cytokine secretion of NK cells after inhibitor treatment were assessed. The results of this study demonstrated that the inhibitors had negative effects on NK cell activity in a dose-dependent manner. The four inhibitors significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the NK cells by decreasing viability, inducing apoptosis and down-regulating the expression of cytokines and functional receptors. These findings suggest that more attention should be given to the effect of Hsp90 inhibitors on NK cell function during clinical trials and also represent a potential immunosuppressant strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huyan
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Dong
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Sheng Huang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shang
- a Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
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10
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HSP90 and HSP70: Implication in Inflammation Processes and Therapeutic Approaches for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:970242. [PMID: 26549943 PMCID: PMC4624912 DOI: 10.1155/2015/970242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal stem cell disorders that lead to the excessive production of one or more blood cell lineages. It has been reported that, in most MPN, inflammatory cytokines are frequently increased, indicating that inflammation plays a crucial role in these disorders. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are induced in response to many stressful conditions from heat shock to hypoxia and inflammation. Besides their chaperone and cytoprotective functions, HSPs are key players during inflammation, hence the term “chaperokine.” Through their chaperone activity, HSP90, a stabilizer of many oncogenes (e.g., JAK2), and HSP70, a powerful antiapoptotic chaperone, tightly regulate Nuclear Factor-kappa B signalling, a critical pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. In light of this potential, several HSP90 inhibitors have been generated as anticancer agents able to degrade oncogenes. As it turns out, however, these drugs are also potent inhibitors of the inflammatory response in various diseases. Given the chaperone potential of HSP70 and the fact that HSP90 inhibitors induce HSP70, interest in HSP70 inhibitors is also increasing. Here, we focus on the implication of HSP90 and HSP70 in inflammatory responses and on the emergence of new therapeutic approaches in MPN based on HSP inhibitors.
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11
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Wang S, Du Z, Luo J, Wang X, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ma J, Xiao W, Wang Y, Zhong X. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses squamous carcinogenic progression in a mouse model of esophageal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1405-16. [PMID: 25563492 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a potential therapeutic target, has been widely recognized in vitro and in vivo in immunodeficient mice. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of Hsp90 in an immunocompetent mouse model of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). METHODS The carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) was used to induce ESCC in C57BL/6 mice. Cancer progression was analyzed through observation of appearance, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical detection, and terminal dUTP nick-end labeling analysis. RESULTS 4NQO led to the progressive appearance of preneoplastic and tumoral lesions in the esophagus, with 100 % incidence of ESCC in situ occurring only after 16 weeks of carcinogen exposure. Most of these lesions evolved spontaneously into highly invasive ESCC even after 4NQO withdrawal (weeks 16-22). Interestingly, there was marked upregulation of Hsp90 and its client proteins in tumoral lesions at 22 weeks. Hsp90 inhibition by intraperitoneal injection of SNX-2112 over the following 2 weeks downregulated AKT and cyclin D1 expression, leading to significant reduction in tumor incidence and prevention of ESCC progression. Moreover, SNX-2112 treatment decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and increased the number of apoptotic cells in ESCC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our in vivo findings support the contribution of Hsp90 to ESCC progression, which was achieved by stimulating apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, and provide a strong rationale for further evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Wang S, Liu Y, Huang D, Zheng K, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu Q, Yang D, Wang Y. Comparative effects of SNX-7081 and SNX-2112 on cell cycle, apoptosis and Hsp90 client proteins in human cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:230-8. [PMID: 25334086 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SNX-2112, a novel 2-aminobenzamide inhibitor of Hsp90, previously showed a broad spectrum of anticancer activity. However, subsequent development has been discontinued due to ocular toxicity as identified in a phase I study. SNX-7081, another closely related Hsp90 inhibitor with a side chain of indole instead of indazole, has recently attracted attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effects of SNX-7081 in eleven cell lines, as well as the mechanisms involved, with SNX-2112 serving as a reference. The cytotoxic effects were determined using an MTT assay and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. The results showed that SNX-7081 exerted better inhibitory effects than SNX-2112 in six eighths of the human cancer cell lines, with an average IC50 of 1 µM. The two inhibitors exerted low cytotoxicity in L-02, HDF and MRC5 normal human cells (IC50 >50 µM), and arrested cancer cells at the G2/M phase in a similar manner to normal cells. Compared with SNX-2112, SNX-7081 exhibited more potent effects on cell apoptosis in four sixths of the human cancer cell lines, and was more active in the downregulation of Hsp90 client proteins. In addition, SNX-7081 exhibited a stronger binding affinity to Hsp90 than SNX-2112 in molecular docking experiments. Considering the superior effects against Hsp90 affinity, cell growth, apoptosis, and Hsp90 client proteins in a majority of human cancer cells, the novel SNX-7081 may be a promising alternative to SNX-2112, which merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dane Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qiuying Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Tian T, Song L, Zheng Q, Hu X, Yu R. Induction of apoptosis by Cordyceps militaris fraction in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells involved with mitochondrial dysfunction. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:325-31. [PMID: 25210321 PMCID: PMC4159927 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.137374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps militaris is widely used for various ethno medical conditions including cancer and inflammation complications in traditional Chinese medicine. OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro antitumor activity of Cordyceps militaris fraction (CMF) and the molecular mechanism underlying the apoptosis it induces in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS CMF was prepared according to our previous report. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The rate of apoptosis, distribution of cell cycle and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by flow cytometry. Caspase activities were analyzed by Western blot and oxygen consumption rate was recorded using the Oxytherm system. RESULTS The results demonstrated that CMF triggered growth inhibition in K562 cells with only minor toxicity on a normal human cell line and inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC50 value of 34.1 ± 2.0 μg/ml after 48 h incubation. This most likely resulted from cell cycle arrest at the S phase and the induction of apoptosis. In addition, CMF induced activation of caspase-3 and subsequent cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). The caspase signals may originate from mitochondrial dysfunction, which was supported by the finding of decreased mitochondria transmembrance potential and the lower oxygen consumption rate. CONCLUSION CMF possessed the in vitro antitumor effect on K562 cells and CMF-induced apoptosis might be involved by the mitochondrial dysfunction and valuable to research and develop as a potential antitumor agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjing Hu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wang S, Wang X, Du Z, Liu Y, Huang D, Zheng K, Liu K, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Wang Y. SNX-25a, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, inhibited human cancer growth more potently than 17-AAG. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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SNX-2112, a Novel Hsp90 Inhibitor, Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1540-5. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Wang X, Wang S, Liu Y, Ding W, Zheng K, Xiang Y, Liu K, Wang D, Zeng Y, Xia M, Yang D, Wang Y. The Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-2112 induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: The role of ER stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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The Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-2112, induces apoptosis in multidrug resistant K562/ADR cells through suppression of Akt/NF-κB and disruption of mitochondria-dependent pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:1-10. [PMID: 23777986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) serves as an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone for numerous cell signaling proteins, including many oncogenes and clinically validated cancer targets that are involved in cell proliferation and survival. Recent studies have shown that the Hsp90 inhibitor, SNX-2112, effectively inhibits tumor cell growth and angiogenesis in hematological and solid tumors. However, little is known about the effects of SNX-2112 on leukemias that are resistant to chemotherapy, which is emerging as a major clinical problem. In this study, the effects of SNX-2112 on the multidrug-resistant human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562/ADR cell line were investigated. We observed that SNX-2112 exhibited dose- and time-dependent inhibitory activities against K562/ADR cells. These effects included the induction of apoptosis and secondary necrosis in addition to cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2 phases. Furthermore, SNX-2112-induced apoptosis was predominantly mediated by the mitochondrial pathway, initiated by the release of cytochrome c and the participation of Bcl-2 family proteins. SNX-2112 also induced the activation of the caspase-3, -8 and -9 cascade and the subsequent cleavage of PARP in K562/ADR cells. Moreover, the inactivation of the Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways may be involved in SNX-2112-induced apoptosis. The expression levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and several chaperons related to drug resistance and apoptosis were also shown to be inhibited, including the Grp78 and Hsp90 isoforms, Grp94 and Trap1. Taken together, these results provide a possible molecular mechanism for the anti-cancer effect of SNX-2112 on K562/ADR cells and provide new insights into the future application of SNX-2112 as a therapeutic agent for anti-multidrug-resistant leukemias.
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LIU KAISHENG, ZHANG YI, DING WEICHAO, WANG SHAOXIANG, XIANG YANGFEI, YANG PAN, CHEN ZHENPING, ZHENG KAI, LIU ZHONG, XIA MIN, WANG YIFEI. The selective Hsp90 inhibitor BJ-B11 exhibits potent antitumor activity via induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in Eca-109 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2276-84. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Sai Y, Zou Z, Peng K, Dong Z. The Parkinson's disease-related genes act in mitochondrial homeostasis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2034-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Chinn DC, Holland WS, Yoon JM, Zwerdling T, Mack PC. Anti-tumor activity of the HSP90 inhibitor SNX-2112 in pediatric cancer cell lines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:885-90. [PMID: 21796766 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HSP90 plays a central role in stabilizing client proteins involved in malignant processes. SNX-2112 is an orally administered potent HSP90 inhibitor that has demonstrated pre-clinical anti-tumor activity in adult malignancies. As many childhood tumors depend upon HSP90 client proteins, we sought to test the pre-clinical efficacy of SNX-2112 in a panel of pediatric cancer cell lines both as a single-agent and in combination with cisplatin (CP). PROCEDURE Eight cell lines (from osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and lymphoma) were studied. Short- and long-term effects of SNX-2112 were assessed by MTT and clonogenic assays. Cell cycling was measured using flow cytometry. Status of HSC70, HSP72, AKT1, C-Raf, and PARP was assessed by immunoblotting. Efficacy of SNX-2112 in combination with CP was assessed using median-effect analysis. RESULTS Cell lines studied demonstrated sensitivity to SNX-2112 with IC(50) values ranging from 10-100 nM. Low dose treatments (12 nM) resulted in a cytostatic response with a minimal increase in sub-G1 content. A higher dose (70 nM) exhibited a more prolonged inhibition and larger sub-G1 accumulation. Observed levels of AKT1 and C-Raf were markedly reduced over time along with an increase in PARP cleavage. In concurrently administered combination treatments, SNX-2112 and CP synergistically inhibited cell growth. CONCLUSIONS SNX-2112 showed marked single-agent activity in pediatric cancer cell lines with downstream effects on HSP90 client proteins. The combination of SNX-2112 and CP showed synergistic activity in two cell lines tested. Further studies of HSP90 inhibitors such as SNX-2112 as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy are warranted in pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Chinn
- University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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21
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Liu KS, Liu H, Qi JH, Liu QY, Liu Z, Xia M, Xing GW, Wang SX, Wang YF. SNX-2112, an Hsp90 inhibitor, induces apoptosis and autophagy via degradation of Hsp90 client proteins in human melanoma A-375 cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 318:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Short-hairpin RNA-mediated Heat shock protein 90 gene silencing inhibits human breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:396-402. [PMID: 22521890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 interacts with proteins that mediate signaling pathways involved in the regulation of essential processes such as proliferation, cell cycle control, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Hsp90 inhibition is therefore an attractive strategy for blocking abnormal pathways that are crucial for cancer cell growth. In the present study, the role of Hsp90 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was examined by stably silencing Hsp90 gene expression with an Hsp90-silencing vector (Hsp90-shRNA). RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that Hsp90-shRNA specifically and markedly down-regulated Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression. NF-kB and Akt protein levels were down-regulated in Hsp90-shRNA transfected cells, indicating that Hsp90 knockout caused a reduction of survival factors and induced apoptosis. Treatment with Hsp90-shRNA significantly increased apoptotic cell death and caused cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase in MCF-7 cells, as shown by flow cytometry. Silencing of Hsp90 also reduced cell viability, as determined by MTT assay. In vivo experiments showed that MCF-7 cells stably transfected with Hsp90-shRNA grew slowly in nude mice as compared with control groups. In summary, the Hsp90-shRNA specifically silenced the Hsp90 gene, and inhibited MCF-7 cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Hsp90-shRNA include the degradation of Hsp90 breast cancer-related client proteins, the inhibition of survival signals and the upregulation of apoptotic pathways. shRNA-mediated interference may have potential therapeutic utility in human breast cancer.
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Best OG, Che Y, Singh N, Forsyth C, Christopherson RI, Mulligan SP. The Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-7081 synergizes with and restores sensitivity to fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with lesions in the TP53 pathway: a potential treatment strategy for fludarabine refractory disease. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1367-75. [PMID: 22149137 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.647310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associated with lesions in the ATM/TP53 pathway represents a major challenge in clinical management. Evidence suggests that heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) inhibitors may represent a therapeutic option in combination with more conventional therapies. We explored the effects of combining the Hsp90 inhibitor, SNX-7081, with fludarabine in vitro against CLL cells and hematological cell lines. In seven cell lines and 23 patient samples synergy between SNX-7081 and fludarabine (2-FaraA) was apparent in the three TP53 mutated cell lines and at significantly lower concentrations in TP53 or ATM dysfunctional patient cells. In 11/13 2-FaraA-resistant patient samples, SNX-7081 reduced the 50% inhibitory concentration to within a clinically achievable range. Synergy between SNX-7081 and 2-FaraA was evident in both the cell lines and patient samples as a significant decrease in cell viability. Our data suggest that combining SNX-7081 and fludarabine may be effective in the treatment of fludarabine-refractory CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Giles Best
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Wang J, Wang YY, Lin L, Gao Y, Hong HS, Wang DZ. Quantitative proteomic analysis of okadaic acid treated mouse small intestines reveals differentially expressed proteins involved in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2038-52. [PMID: 22270013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a principal diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates. This study compared protein profiles of mice small intestines at four time points (0, 3, 6 and 24 h) after a single oral administration of 750 μg/kg OA, and identified the differentially expressed proteins using 2-D DIGE and MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. The results showed that the toxin content of the intestines reached its peak 3h after oral administration and then decreased rapidly. OA remarkably inhibited the intestinal PP activity but it recovered to the normal levels within 6 to 24 h. Electron microscope revealed the collapse of the villous architecture and the intestinal microvilli fell off at 3 h, but were repaired within 24h. Notable damage to the intestinal ultrastructure was observed after oral administration. Comparison of the small intestine protein profiles at four time points revealed that 58 proteins were remarkably altered in abundance, and these proteins were involved in macromolecular metabolism, cytoskeleton reorganization, signal transduction, molecular chaperoning and oxidative stress, suggesting that OA toxicity in mouse intestines was complex and diverse, and that multiple proteins other than PP were involved in the diarrhetic process. Villin 1 and hnRNP F might be the key triggers inducing diarrhea in the mouse small intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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25
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Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Sun MY, Chen CT, Liska D, Zeng Z, Viale A, Olshen AB, Mittlboeck M, Christensen JG, Rosen N, Solit DB, Weiser MR. Antitumor activity of SNX-2112, a synthetic heat shock protein-90 inhibitor, in MET-amplified tumor cells with or without resistance to selective MET Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:122-33. [PMID: 21208906 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90), a molecular chaperone required by numerous oncogenic kinases [e.g., HER-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Raf-1, v-Src, and AKT] for conformational stability, has attracted wide interest as a novel target for cancer therapy. HSP-90 inhibition induces degradation of HSP-90 client proteins, leading to a combinatorial inhibition of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways with consecutive growth arrest and apoptosis. MET, a tyrosine kinase that is constitutively active in tumor cells with MET oncogene amplification, has recently been identified as another HSP-90 client. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of SNX-2112, a synthetic HSP-90 inhibitor, in 3 different MET-amplified tumor cell lines (GTL-16, MKN-45, and EBC-1) as well as PR-GTL-16 cells, a GTL-16 subline selected for resistance to the highly selective MET kinase inhibitor PHA-665752. RESULTS In all cell lines, SNX-2112 led to degradation of MET, HER-2, EGFR, and AKT, as well as abrogation of Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling, followed by complete cell cycle arrest. SNX-5542, an orally bioavailable prodrug of SNX-2112, displayed significant antitumor efficacy in vivo in nude mice bearing MET-amplified tumor xenografts. Importantly, HSP-90 inhibition maintained its antitumor efficacy in PR-GTL-16 cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that HSP-90 inhibition could be a particularly valuable strategy in MET-amplified tumors that have acquired resistance to MET kinase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for the efficacy of HSP-90 inhibition in MET-amplified cancer cells, particularly when MET kinase inhibitor resistance has emerged.
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Ju HQ, Wang SX, Xiang YF, Liu Z, Liu JY, Chen ZP, Zeng FL, Xia M, Liu ZH, Xing GW, Wang SY, Wang YF. BJ-B11, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 666:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Knoops B, Goemaere J, Van der Eecken V, Declercq JP. Peroxiredoxin 5: structure, mechanism, and function of the mammalian atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:817-29. [PMID: 20977338 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) was the last member to be identified among the six mammalian peroxiredoxins. It is also the unique atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin in mammals. Like the other five members, PRDX5 is widely expressed in tissues but differs by its surprisingly large subcellular distribution. In human cells, it has been shown that PRDX5 can be addressed to mitochondria, peroxisomes, the cytosol, and the nucleus. PRDX5 is a peroxidase that can use cytosolic or mitochondrial thioredoxins to reduce alkyl hydroperoxides or peroxynitrite with high rate constants in the 10(6) to 10(7) M(-1)s(-1) range, whereas its reaction with hydrogen peroxide is more modest, in the 10(5) M(-1)s(-1) range. PRDX5 crystal structures confirmed the proposed enzymatic mechanisms based on biochemical data but revealed also some specific unexpected structural features. So far, PRDX5 has been viewed mainly as a cytoprotective antioxidant enzyme acting against endogenous or exogenous peroxide attacks rather than as a redox sensor. Accordingly, overexpression of the enzyme in different subcellular compartments protects cells against death caused by nitro-oxidative stresses, whereas gene silencing makes them more vulnerable. Thus, more than 10 years after its molecular cloning, mammalian PRDX5 appears to be a unique peroxiredoxin exhibiting specific functional and structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Knoops
- Institut des Sciences de Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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28
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Jia J, Gu ZY, Li RC, Huang MH, Xu CS, Wang YF, Xing GW, Huang YS. Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Sensors for Zinc Ion Derived from 2-Aminobenzamide. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Theilgaard-Mönch K, Boultwood J, Ferrari S, Giannopoulos K, Hernandez-Rivas JM, Kohlmann A, Morgan M, Porse B, Tagliafico E, Zwaan CM, Wainscoat J, Van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Mills K, Bullinger L. Gene expression profiling in MDS and AML: potential and future avenues. Leukemia 2011; 25:909-20. [PMID: 21445077 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, the classification systems for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) already incorporate cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations in an attempt to better reflect disease biology. However, in many MDS/AML patients no genetic aberrations have been identified yet, and even within some cytogenetically well-defined subclasses there is considerable clinical heterogeneity. Recent advances in genomics technologies such as gene expression profiling (GEP) provide powerful tools to further characterize myeloid malignancies at the molecular level, with the goal to refine the MDS/AML classification system, incorporating as yet unknown molecular genetic and epigenetic pathomechanisms, which are likely reflected by aberrant gene expression patterns. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on how GEP has contributed to a refined molecular taxonomy of MDS and AML with regard to diagnosis, prediction of clinical outcome, discovery of novel subclasses and identification of novel therapeutic targets and novel drugs. As many challenges remain ahead, we discuss the pitfalls of this technology and its potential including future integrative studies with other genomics technologies, which will continue to improve our understanding of malignant transformation in myeloid malignancies and thereby contribute to individualized risk-adapted treatment strategies for MDS and AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Theilgaard-Mönch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre & Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhai Q, Gong G, Liu Z, Luo Y, Xia M, Xing G, You X, Wang Y. Preclinical pharmacokinetic analysis of SNX-2112, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:132-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ju HQ, Xiang YF, Xin BJ, Pei Y, Lu JX, Wang QL, Xia M, Qian CW, Ren Z, Wang SY, Wang YF, Xing GW. Synthesis and in vitro anti-HSV-1 activity of a novel Hsp90 inhibitor BJ-B11. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1675-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Best OG, Singh N, Forsyth C, Mulligan SP. The novel Hsp-90 inhibitor SNX7081 is significantly more potent than 17-AAG against primary CLL cells and a range of haematological cell lines, irrespective of lesions in the TP53 pathway. Br J Haematol 2010; 151:185-8. [PMID: 20738310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of heat-shockprotein 90 (Hsp90) have been proposed as a novel therapeutic option for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL), particularly as their mechanism of action appears independent of mutations of ATM or TP53. We investigated the activity of a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, SNX7081, against a panel of eight haematological cell lines and 23 CLL patient samples. SNX7081 displayed significant effects on cell cycle distribution, apoptotic rate and levels of ZAP-70 in the cell lines and in the patient samples, irrespective of TP53 status. Our findings suggest SNX7081 may represent a promising therapeutic option for aggressive CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Giles Best
- Northern Blood Research Centre, KollingInstitute, Royal North Shore Hospital, StLeonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Zhai QQ, Gong GQ, Luo Y, Wang QD, Xia M, Xing GW, Li YC, Jiang JH, Liu Z, Liu QY, Wang YF. Determination of SNX-2112, a selective Hsp90 inhibitor, in plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetics in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1048-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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