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Homeostasis of carbohydrates and reactive oxygen species is critically changed in the brain of middle-aged mice: molecular mechanisms and functional reasons. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100077. [PMID: 37082254 PMCID: PMC10074963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is an organ that consumes a lot of energy. In the brain, energy is required for synaptic transmission, numerous biosynthetic processes and axonal transport in neurons, and for many supportive functions of glial cells. The main source of energy in the brain is glucose and to a lesser extent lactate and ketone bodies. ATP is formed at glucose catabolism via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) within mitochondria being the main source of ATP. With age, brain's energy metabolism is disturbed, involving a decrease in glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The latter is accompanied by intensified generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ETC leading to oxidative stress. Recently, we have found that crucial changes in energy metabolism and intensity of oxidative stress in the mouse brain occur in middle age with minor progression in old age. In this review, we analyze the metabolic changes and functional causes that lead to these changes in the aging brain.
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Mehdi MM, Solanki P, Singh P. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, hormesis and calorie restriction: The current perspective in the biology of aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104413. [PMID: 33845417 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging, in a large measure, has long been defined as the resultant of oxidative stress acting on the cells. The cellular machinery eventually malfunctions at the basic level by the damage from the processes of oxidation and the system starts slowing down because of intrinsic eroding. To understand the initial destruction at the cellular level spreading outward to affect tissues, organs and the organism, the relationship between molecular damage and oxidative stress is required to understand. Retarding the aging process is a matter of cumulatively decreasing the rate of oxidative damage to the cellular machinery. Along with the genetic reasons, the decrease of oxidative stress is somehow a matter of lifestyle and importantly of diet. In the current review, the theories of aging and the understanding of various levels of molecular damage by oxidative stress have been emphasized. A broader understanding of mechanisms of aging have been elaborated in terms of effects of oxidative at molecular, mitochondrial, cellular and organ levels. The antioxidants supplementation, hormesis and calorie restriction as the prominent anti-aging strategies have also been discussed. The relevance and the efficacy of the antiaging strategies at system level have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bio-engineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Preeti Solanki
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bayliak MM, Mosiichuk NM, Sorochynska OM, Kuzniak OV, Sishchuk LO, Hrushchenko AO, Semchuk AO, Pryimak TV, Vasylyk YV, Gospodaryov DV, Storey KB, Garaschuk O, Lushchak VI. Middle aged turn point in parameters of oxidative stress and glucose catabolism in mouse cerebellum during lifespan: minor effects of every-other-day fasting. Biogerontology 2021; 22:315-328. [PMID: 33786674 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is considered to develop aging markers more slowly than other parts of the brain. Intensification of free radical processes and compromised bioenergetics, critical hallmarks of normal brain aging, may be slowed down by caloric restriction. This study aimed to evaluate the intensity of oxidative stress and the enzymatic potential to utilize glucose via glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the cerebellum of mice under ad libitum versus every-other-day fasting (EODF) feeding regimens. Levels of lipid peroxides, activities of antioxidant and key glycolytic and PPP enzymes were measured in young (6-month), middle-aged (12-month) and old (18-month) C57BL/6J mice. The cerebellum showed the most dramatic increase in lipid peroxide levels, antioxidant capacity and PPP key enzyme activities and the sharpest decline in the activities of key glycolytic enzymes under transition from young to middle age but these changes slowed when transiting from middle to old age. A decrease in the activity of the key glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which may suggest that during normal cerebellar aging glucose metabolism shifts from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway. The data indicate that intensification of free radical processes in the cerebellum occurred by middle age and that activation of the PPP together with increased antioxidant capacity can help to resist these changes into old age. However, the EODF regime did not significantly modulate or alleviate any of the metabolic processes studied in this analysis of the aging cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia M Mosiichuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oksana M Sorochynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oksana V Kuzniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Lesia O Sishchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia O Hrushchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Alina O Semchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Taras V Pryimak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Yulia V Vasylyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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Palomar-Bonet M, Atienza M, Hernández-Ledesma B, Cantero JL. Associations of salivary total antioxidant capacity with cortical amyloid beta burden, cortical glucose uptake and cognitive function in normal aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1839-1845. [PMID: 33522564 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognizing vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires from non-invasive, simple, and inexpensive markers that can be easily obtained in primary care settings. While saliva meets all these requirements, there is lack of evidence linking salivary constituents to in vivo AD pathology in aging. METHODS We examined the potential of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for identifying global cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden, deficits in regional glucose uptake, and poorer cognition in 71 cognitively normal older adults. We further assessed whether salivary TAC-related cognitive performance was associated with higher Aβ load and lower cortical glucose consumption. RESULTS Linear regression analyses adjusted by age, sex, years of education, and ApoE4 status showed that salivary TAC was associated with slower processing speed and poorer sustained attention, as well as with higher Aβ load and lower glucose metabolism in cortical regions vulnerable to cognitive aging and AD. Results also revealed that lower scores in processing speed and sustained attention were associated with greater Aβ burden and lower regional glucose consumption, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings support the use of salivary TAC for preventive screening and detection of cerebral vulnerability to AD. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of salivary TAC as a clinical marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Palomar-Bonet
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Blood total antioxidant status is associated with cortical glucose uptake and factors related to accelerated aging. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:841-851. [PMID: 32048020 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cerebral vulnerability in late life is of paramount importance to prevent pathological trajectories of aging before the onset of symptoms. Considerable evidence suggests that impaired antioxidant mechanisms are a fingerprint of aging-related conditions, but there is a lack of human research linking total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured in peripheral blood to in vivo brain changes and other factors featuring accelerated aging. To address this issue, we have assessed in cognitively normal elderly subjects (N = 100) correlations between serum TAC, using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, surface-based cortical thickness, surface-based 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography cortical uptake, and different factors associated with accelerated aging [i.e., serum homocysteine (HCY), self-reported memory problems, and self-reported patterns of physical activity]. While no relationship was observed between serum TAC and variations in cortical thickness, decreased TAC level was significantly associated with lower FDG uptake in temporal lobes bilaterally. Remarkably, decreased TAC level was linked to increased HCY concentrations, more subjective memory complaints, and lower frequency of physical activity. Overall, our results suggest that decreased serum TAC level may be helpful to detect vulnerable trajectories of aging.
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Yanai S, Toyohara J, Ishiwata K, Ito H, Endo S. Long-term cilostazol administration ameliorates memory decline in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) through a dual effect on cAMP and blood-brain barrier. Neuropharmacology 2016; 116:247-259. [PMID: 27979612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which hydrolyze and inactivate 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), play an important role in synaptic plasticity that underlies memory. Recently, several PDE inhibitors were assessed for their possible therapeutic efficacy in treating cognitive disorders. Here, we examined how cilostazol, a selective PDE3 inhibitor, affects brain functions in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8), an animal model of age-related cognitive impairment. Long-term administration of cilostazol restored the impaired context-dependent conditioned fear memory of SAMP8 to match that in normal aging control substrain SAMR1. Cilostazol also increased the number of cells containing phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), a downstream component of the cAMP pathway. Finally, cilostazol improves blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, demonstrated by reduced extravasation of 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-d-glucose and Evans Blue dye in the brains of SAMP8. This improvement in BBB integrity was associated with an increased amount of zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and occludin proteins, components of tight junctions integral to the BBB. The results suggest that long-term administration of cilostazol exerts its beneficial effects on age-related cognitive impairment through a dual mechanism: by enhancing the cAMP system in the brain and by maintaining or improving BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Department of CNS Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Šarić A, Sobočanec S, Mačak Šafranko Ž, Popović Hadžija M, Bagarić R, Farkaš V, Švarc A, Marotti T, Balog T. Diminished Resistance to Hyperoxia in Brains of Reproductively Senescent Female CBA/H Mice. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21:191-9. [PMID: 26373431 PMCID: PMC4588673 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.895356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have explored sex differences in ability to maintain redox balance during acute oxidative stress in brains of mice. We aimed to determine if there were differences in oxidative/antioxidative status upon hyperoxia in brains of reproductively senescent CBA/H mice in order to elucidate some of the possible mechanisms of lifespan regulation. Material/Methods The brains of 12-month-old male and female CBA/H mice (n=9 per sex and treatment) subjected to 18-h hyperoxia were evaluated for lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidative enzyme expression and activity - superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (Sod-1, Sod-2), catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1), heme-oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), nad NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and for 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) uptake. Results No increase in LPO was observed after hyperoxia, regardless of sex. Expression of Nrf-2 showed significant downregulation in hyperoxia-treated males (p=0.001), and upregulation in hyperoxia-treated females (p=0.023). Also, in females hyperoxia upregulated Sod-1 (p=0.046), and Ho-1 (p=0.014) genes. SOD1 protein was upregulated in both sexes after hyperoxia (p=0.009 for males and p=0.011 for females). SOD2 protein was upregulated only in females (p=0.008) while CAT (p=0.026) and HO-1 (p=0.042) proteins were increased after hyperoxia only in males. Uptake of 18FDG was decreased after hyperoxia in the back brain of females. Conclusions We found that females at their reproductive senescence are more susceptible to hyperoxia, compared to males. We propose this model of hyperoxia as a useful tool to assess sex differences in adaptive response to acute stress conditions, which may be partially responsible for observed sex differences in longevity of CBA/H mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Šarić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Sobočanec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Robert Bagarić
- Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alfred Švarc
- Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Marotti
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihomir Balog
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gayarre J, Duran-Trío L, Criado Garcia O, Aguado C, Juana-López L, Crespo I, Knecht E, Bovolenta P, Rodríguez de Córdoba S. The phosphatase activity of laforin is dispensable to rescue Epm2a−/− mice from Lafora disease. Brain 2014; 137:806-18. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Makletsova MG, Rihireva GT, Stvolinsky SL, Sharygin VL. Effect of hypoxia on the state of tissues in samr1 and samp1 mice with various rates of aging. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 152:360-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Mirisola MG, Longo VD. Conserved role of Ras-GEFs in promoting aging: from yeast to mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:340-3. [PMID: 21732566 PMCID: PMC3117446 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Short-term blueberry-enriched diet prevents and reverses object recognition memory loss in aging rats. Nutrition 2010; 27:338-42. [PMID: 21168307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, 4 mo of a blueberry-enriched (BB) antioxidant diet prevented impaired object recognition memory in aging rats. Experiment 1 determined whether 1- and 2-mo BB diets would have a similar effect and whether the benefits would disappear promptly after terminating the diets. Experiment 2 determined whether a 1-mo BB diet could subsequently reverse existing object memory impairment in aging rats. METHODS In experiment 1, Fischer-344 rats were maintained on an appropriate control diet or on 1 or 2 mo of the BB diet before testing object memory at 19 mo postnatally. In experiment 2, rats were tested for object recognition memory at 19 mo and again at 20 mo after 1 mo of maintenance on a 2% BB or control diet. RESULTS In experiment 1, the control group performed no better than chance, whereas the 1- and 2-mo BB diet groups performed similarly and significantly better than controls. The 2-mo BB-diet group, but not the 1-mo group, maintained its performance over a subsequent month on a standard laboratory diet. In experiment 2, the 19-mo-old rats performed near chance. At 20 mo of age, the rats subsequently maintained on the BB diet significantly increased their object memory scores, whereas the control diet group exhibited a non-significant decline. The change in object memory scores differed significantly between the two diet groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a considerable degree of age-related object memory decline can be prevented and reversed by brief maintenance on BB diets.
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Chadwick W, Zhou Y, Park SS, Wang L, Mitchell N, Stone MD, Becker KG, Martin B, Maudsley S. Minimal peroxide exposure of neuronal cells induces multifaceted adaptive responses. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14352. [PMID: 21179406 PMCID: PMC3003681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative exposure of cells occurs naturally and may be associated with cellular damage and dysfunction. Protracted low level oxidative exposure can induce accumulated cell disruption, affecting multiple cellular functions. Accumulated oxidative exposure has also been proposed as one of the potential hallmarks of the physiological/pathophysiological aging process. We investigated the multifactorial effects of long-term minimal peroxide exposure upon SH-SY5Y neural cells to understand how they respond to the continued presence of oxidative stressors. We show that minimal protracted oxidative stresses induce complex molecular and physiological alterations in cell functionality. Upon chronic exposure to minimal doses of hydrogen peroxide, SH-SY5Y cells displayed a multifactorial response to the stressor. To fully appreciate the peroxide-mediated cellular effects, we assessed these adaptive effects at the genomic, proteomic and cellular signal processing level. Combined analyses of these multiple levels of investigation revealed a complex cellular adaptive response to the protracted peroxide exposure. This adaptive response involved changes in cytoskeletal structure, energy metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and selective alterations in transmembrane receptor activity. Our analyses of the global responses to chronic stressor exposure, at multiple biological levels, revealed a viable neural phenotype in-part reminiscent of aged or damaged neural tissue. Our paradigm indicates how cellular physiology can subtly change in different contexts and potentially aid the appreciation of stress response adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhou
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Liyun Wang
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Saint Bonaventure University, Saint Bonaventure, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Stone
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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[Aging and ovariectomy cause a decrease in brain glucose consumption in vivo in Wistar rats]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2010; 45:136-40. [PMID: 20206415 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The life expectancy of the population has been increased steadily over the twentieth century in both genders. The survival of women has always been higher compared to men and these differences in longevity are reproduced in other animal species such as rats. There must be some biological basis to support the differences in longevity between males and females. Differences can be explained by the effects of estrogens because ovariectomy cancels out the benefits shown in females compared to males. AIM Our aims were to study the cerebral glucose consumption in vivo in young and old female Wistar rats and evaluate the effect of ovariectomy on the brain glucose uptake. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used female Wistar rats, divided into young (4-7 months), young control (Sham) and ovariectomized (3 or 6 weeks) and old (22-24 months) groups. After intravenous administration of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) the cerebral glucose uptake was measured in vivo by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). RESULTS There was a significant decrease in cerebral glucose consumption in old rats compared with young rats. Similar results were found in glucose uptake when comparing control rats with ovariectomized rats, i.e., ovariectomy significantly reduces the brain glucose consumption. CONCLUSIONS Aging causes a decrease in cerebral glucose metabolism. Ovariectomy reduces cerebral glucose consumption significantly compared to control rats and is similar to the old group.
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Yap LP, Garcia JV, Han D, Cadenas E. The energy-redox axis in aging and age-related neurodegeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1283-98. [PMID: 19716388 PMCID: PMC2784280 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decrease in mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity is a feature of the aging process that accompanies redox alterations, such as increased generation of mitochondrial oxidants, altered GSH status, and increased protein oxidation. The decrease in mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity and altered redox status should be viewed as a concerted process that embodies the mitochondrial energy-redox axis and is linked through various mechanisms including: (a) an inter-convertible reducing equivalents pool (i.e., NAD(P)(+)/NAD(P)H) and (b) redox-mediated protein post-translational modifications involved in energy metabolism. The energy-redox axis provides the rationale for therapeutic approaches targeted to each or both component(s) of the axis that effectively preserves or improve mitochondrial function and that have implications for aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Yap
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - Jerome V. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
- University of LaVerne, Natural Science Division, Department of Biology, 1950 3 Street, LaVerne, CA 91750, USA
| | - Derick Han
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
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