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Colussi A, Bokhari SNH, Mijovilovich A, Koník P, Küpper H. Acclimation to medium-level non-lethal iron limitation: Adjustment of electron flow around the PSII and metalloprotein expression in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149015. [PMID: 37742749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how acclimation to medium-level, long-term, non-lethal iron limitation changes the electron flux around the Photosystem II of the oceanic diazotroph Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101. Fe availability of about 5× and 100× lower than a replete level, i.e. conditions common in the natural environment of this cyanobacterium, were applied in chemostats. The response of the cells was studied not only in terms of growth, but also mechanistically, measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence of dark-adapted filaments via imaging fluorescence kinetic microscopy (FKM) with 0.3 ms time resolution. Combining these measurements with those of metal binding to proteins via online coupling of metal-free HPLC (size exclusion chromatography SEC) to sector-field ICP-MS allowed to track the fate of the photosystems, together with other metalloproteins. General increase of fluorescence has been observed, with the consequent decrease in the quantum yields φ of the PSII, while the efficiency ψ of the electron flux between PSII and the PSI remained surprisingly unchanged. This indicates the ability of Trichodesmium to cope with a situation that makes assembling the many iron clusters in Photosystem I a particular challenge, as shown by decreasing ratios of Fe to Mg in these proteins. The negative effect of Fe limitation on PSII may also be due to its fast turnover. A broader view was obtained from metalloproteomics via HPLC-ICP-MS, revealing a differential protein expression pattern under iron limitation with a drastic down-regulation especially of iron-containing proteins and some increase in low MW metal-binding complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Colussi
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Syed Nadeem Hussain Bokhari
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Mijovilovich
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Koník
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Reineke W, Schlömann M. Biotechnology and Environmental Protection. Environ Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-66547-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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3
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Bender ML, Zhu XG, Falkowski P, Ma F, Griffin K. On the rate of phytoplankton respiration in the light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:267-279. [PMID: 35652738 PMCID: PMC9434318 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rate of algal and cyanobacterial respiration in the light is an important ecophysiological term that remains to be completely characterized and quantified. To address this issue, we exploited process-specific decarboxylation rates from flux balance analysis and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis. Our study, based on published data, suggested that decarboxylation is about 22% of net CO2 assimilation when the tricarboxylic acid cycle is completely open (characterized by the commitment of alpha ketoglutarate to amino acid synthesis and very low rates of succinate formation). This estimate was supported by calculating the decarboxylation rates required to synthesize the major components of biomass (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) at their typical abundance. Of the 22 CO2 molecules produced by decarboxylation (normalized to net assimilation = 100), approximately 13 were from pyruvate and 3 were from isocitrate. The remaining six units of decarboxylation were in the amino acid synthesis pathways outside the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A small additional flux came from photorespiration, decarboxylations of six phosphogluconate in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and decarboxylations in the syntheses of lower-abundance compounds, including pigments and ribonucleic acids. This general approach accounted for the high decarboxylation rates in algae and cyanobacteria compared to terrestrial plants. It prompts a simple speculation for the origin of the Kok effect and helps constrain the photoautotrophic respiration rate, in the light, in the euphotic zone of the ocean and lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Paul Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Fangfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kevin Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
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Bečková M, Sobotka R, Komenda J. Photosystem II antenna modules CP43 and CP47 do not form a stable 'no reaction centre complex' in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:363-371. [PMID: 35015206 PMCID: PMC9458580 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The repair of photosystem II is a key mechanism that keeps the light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis functional. During this process, the PSII central subunit D1 is replaced with a newly synthesized copy while the neighbouring CP43 antenna with adjacent small subunits (CP43 module) is transiently detached. When the D2 protein is also damaged, it is degraded together with D1 leaving both the CP43 module and the second PSII antenna module CP47 unassembled. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the released CP43 and CP47 modules have been recently suggested to form a so-called no reaction centre complex (NRC). However, the data supporting the presence of NRC can also be interpreted as a co-migration of CP43 and CP47 modules during electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation without forming a mutual complex. To address the existence of NRC, we analysed Synechocystis PSII mutants accumulating one or both unassembled antenna modules as well as Synechocystis wild-type cells stressed with high light. The obtained results were not compatible with the existence of a stable NRC since each unassembled module was present as a separate protein complex with a mutually similar electrophoretic mobility regardless of the presence of the second module. The non-existence of NRC was further supported by isolation of the His-tagged CP43 and CP47 modules from strains lacking either D1 or D2 and their migration patterns on native gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bečková
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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5
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Advances in the Understanding of the Lifecycle of Photosystem II. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050836. [PMID: 35630282 PMCID: PMC9145668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II is a light-driven water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase present in cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It produces molecular oxygen and protons to drive ATP synthesis, fueling life on Earth. As a multi-subunit membrane-protein-pigment complex, Photosystem II undergoes a dynamic cycle of synthesis, damage, and repair known as the Photosystem II lifecycle, to maintain a high level of photosynthetic activity at the cellular level. Cyanobacteria, oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, are frequently used as model organisms to study oxygenic photosynthetic processes due to their ease of growth and genetic manipulation. The cyanobacterial PSII structure and function have been well-characterized, but its lifecycle is under active investigation. In this review, advances in studying the lifecycle of Photosystem II in cyanobacteria will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on new structural findings enabled by cryo-electron microscopy. These structural findings complement a rich and growing body of biochemical and molecular biology research into Photosystem II assembly and repair.
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Yi L, Liu B, Nixon PJ, Yu J, Chen F. Recent Advances in Understanding the Structural and Functional Evolution of FtsH Proteases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837528. [PMID: 35463435 PMCID: PMC9020784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The FtsH family of proteases are membrane-anchored, ATP-dependent, zinc metalloproteases. They are universally present in prokaryotes and the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. Most bacteria bear a single ftsH gene that produces hexameric homocomplexes with diverse house-keeping roles. However, in mitochondria, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, multiple FtsH homologs form homo- and heterocomplexes with specialized functions in maintaining photosynthesis and respiration. The diversification of FtsH homologs combined with selective pairing of FtsH isomers is a versatile strategy to enable functional adaptation. In this article we summarize recent progress in understanding the evolution, structure and function of FtsH proteases with a focus on the role of FtsH in photosynthesis and respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanbo Yi
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Peter J. Nixon, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-6937
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Jianfeng Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-3803
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Feng Chen, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-943X
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Wang J, Gisriel CJ, Reiss K, Huang HL, Armstrong WH, Brudvig GW, Batista VS. Heterogeneous Composition of Oxygen-Evolving Complexes in Crystal Structures of Dark-Adapted Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3374-3384. [PMID: 34714055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a homodimeric protein complex that catalyzes water oxidation at the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), a heterocubanoid calcium-tetramanganese cluster. Here, we analyze the omit electron density peaks of the OEC's metal ions in five X-ray free-electron laser PSII structures at resolutions between 2.15 and 1.95 Å. The omit peaks can be described by the total number of electrons and approximated by the variance of electron density distribution when the distributions are spherically symmetric. We show that the number of electrons of metal centers is different in the two OECs of PSII dimers, implying that the oxidation states and/or occupancies of individual metal ions are different in the two monomers. In either case, we find that the two OECs of dark-adapted PSII dimers in crystals are not fully synchronized in the S1 state. Differences in redox states of the OEC in PSII only partially account for the observation that the electron densities integrate to a smaller number of electrons than expected. Differences between the determined and expected relative electron numbers are much larger than the estimated errors, indicating heterogeneity in the OEC composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, United States
| | - Christopher J Gisriel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Krystle Reiss
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Hao-Li Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - William H Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Dobson Z, Ahad S, Vanlandingham J, Toporik H, Vaughn N, Vaughn M, Williams D, Reppert M, Fromme P, Mazor Y. The structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria. eLife 2021; 10:e67518. [PMID: 34435952 PMCID: PMC8428864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have adapted to survive a myriad of extreme environments from the earth's deserts to its poles, yet the proteins that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis are highly conserved from the cyanobacteria to modern day crops. To investigate adaptations of the photosynthetic machinery in cyanobacteria to excessive light stress, we isolated a new strain of cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium aponinum 0216, from the extreme light environment of the Sonoran Desert. Here we report the biochemical characterization and the 2.7 Å resolution structure of trimeric photosystem I from this high-light-tolerant cyanobacterium. The structure shows a new conformation of the PsaL C-terminus that supports trimer formation of cyanobacterial photosystem I. The spectroscopic analysis of this photosystem I revealed a decrease in far-red absorption, which is attributed to a decrease in the number of long- wavelength chlorophylls. Using these findings, we constructed two chimeric PSIs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 demonstrating how unique structural features in photosynthetic complexes can change spectroscopic properties, allowing organisms to thrive under different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Dobson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Safa Ahad
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Jackson Vanlandingham
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Hila Toporik
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Reppert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Yuval Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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9
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Zaspa AA, Vitukhnovskaya LA, Mamedova AM, Semenov AY, Mamedov MD. Photovoltage generation by photosystem II core complexes immobilized onto a Millipore filter on an indium tin oxide electrode. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:495-504. [PMID: 33190172 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The light-induced functioning of photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II (PSII) is linked to the vectorial translocation of charges across the membrane, which results in the formation of voltage. Direct measurement of the light-induced voltage (∆V) generated by spinach oxygen-evolving PSII core complexes adsorbed onto a Millipore membrane filter (MF) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode under continuous illumination has been performed. PSII was shown to participate in electron transfer from water to the ITO electrode, resulting in ∆V generation. No photovoltage was detected in PSII deprived of the water-oxidizing complex. The maximal and stable photoelectric signal was observed in the presence of disaccharide trehalose and 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, acting as a redox mediator between the primary quinone acceptor QA of PSII and electrode surface. Long time preservation of the steady-state photoactivity at room temperature in a simple in design ITO|PSII-MF|ITO system may be related to the retention of water molecules attached to the PSII surface in the presence of trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Zaspa
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liya A Vitukhnovskaya
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aida M Mamedova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahir D Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Lemke P, Moerschbacher BM, Singh R. Transcriptome Analysis of Solanum Tuberosum Genotype RH89-039-16 in Response to Chitosan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1193. [PMID: 32903855 PMCID: PMC7438930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the worldwide most important nongrain crop after wheat, rice, and maize. The autotetraploidy of the modern commercial potato makes breeding of new resistant and high-yielding cultivars challenging due to complicated and time-consuming identification and selection processes of desired crop features. On the other hand, plant protection of existing cultivars using conventional synthetic pesticides is increasingly restricted due to safety issues for both consumers and the environment. Chitosan is known to display antimicrobial activity against a broad range of plant pathogens and shows the ability to trigger resistance in plants by elicitation of defense responses. As chitosan is a renewable, biodegradable and nontoxic compound, it is considered as a promising next-generation plant-protecting agent. However, the molecular and cellular modes of action of chitosan treatment are not yet understood. In this study, transcriptional changes in chitosan-treated potato leaves were investigated via RNA sequencing. Leaves treated with a well-defined chitosan polymer at low concentration were harvested 2 and 5 h after treatment and their expression profile was compared against water-treated control plants. We observed 32 differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 1; p-value ≤ 0.05) 2 h after treatment and 83 differentially expressed genes 5 h after treatment. Enrichment analysis mainly revealed gene modulation associated with electron transfer chains in chloroplasts and mitochondria, accompanied by the upregulation of only a very limited number of genes directly related to defense. As chitosan positively influences plant growth, yield, and resistance, we conclude that activation of electron transfer might result in the crosstalk of different organelles via redox signals to activate immune responses in preparation for pathogen attack, concomitantly resulting in a generally improved metabolic state, fostering plant growth and development. This conclusion is supported by the rapid and transient production of reactive oxygen species in a typical oxidative burst in the potato leaves upon chitosan treatment. This study furthers our knowledge on the mode of action of chitosan as a plant-protecting agent, as a prerequisite for improving its ability to replace or reduce the use of less environmentally friendly agro-chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno M. Moerschbacher
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ratna Singh
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Liu D, Johnson VM, Pakrasi HB. A Reversibly Induced CRISPRi System Targeting Photosystem II in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1441-1449. [PMID: 32379958 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is used as a model organism to study photosynthesis, as it can utilize glucose as the sole carbon source to support its growth under heterotrophic conditions. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been widely applied to repress the transcription of genes in a targeted manner in cyanobacteria. However, a robust and reversible induced CRISPRi system has not been explored in Synechocystis 6803 to knock down and recover the expression of a targeted gene. In this study, we built a tightly controlled chimeric promoter, P rhaBAD-RSW, in which a theophylline responsive riboswitch was integrated into a rhamnose-inducible promoter system. We applied this promoter to drive the expression of ddCpf1 (DNase-dead Cpf1 nuclease) in a CRISPRi system and chose the PSII reaction center gene psbD (D2 protein) to target for repression. psbD was specifically knocked down by over 95% of its native expression, leading to severely inhibited photosystem II activity and growth of Synechocystis 6803 under photoautotrophic conditions. Significantly, removal of the inducers rhamnose and theophylline reversed repression by CRISPRi. Expression of PsbD recovered following release of repression, coupled with increased photosystem II content and activity. This reversibly induced CRISPRi system in Synechocystis 6803 represents a new strategy for study of the biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Virginia M Johnson
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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12
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Tanniche I, Collakova E, Denbow C, Senger RS. Characterizing glucose, illumination, and nitrogen-deprivation phenotypes of Synechocystis PCC6803 with Raman spectroscopy. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8585. [PMID: 32266111 PMCID: PMC7115749 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is a model cyanobacterium that has been studied widely and is considered for metabolic engineering applications. Here, Raman spectroscopy and Raman chemometrics (Rametrix™) were used to (i) study broad phenotypic changes in response to growth conditions, (ii) identify phenotypic changes associated with its circadian rhythm, and (iii) correlate individual Raman bands with biomolecules and verify these with more accepted analytical methods. Methods Synechocystis cultures were grown under various conditions, exploring dependencies on light and/or external carbon and nitrogen sources. The Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox for MATLAB® was used to process Raman spectra and perform principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox was used to validate these models through leave-one-out routines that classified a Raman spectrum when growth conditions were withheld from the model. Performance was measured by classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Raman spectra were also subjected to statistical tests (ANOVA and pairwise comparisons) to identify statistically relevant changes in Synechocystis phenotypes. Finally, experimental methods, including widely used analytical and spectroscopic assays were used to quantify the levels of glycogen, fatty acids, amino acids, and chlorophyll a for correlations with Raman data. Results PCA and DAPC models produced distinct clustering of Raman spectra, representing multiple Synechocystis phenotypes, based on (i) growth in the presence of 5 mM glucose, (ii) illumination (dark, light/dark [12 h/12 h], and continuous light at 20 µE), (iii) nitrogen deprivation (0–100% NaNO3 of native BG-11 medium in continuous light), and (iv) throughout a 24 h light/dark (12 h/12 h) circadian rhythm growth cycle. Rametrix™ PRO was successful in identifying glucose-induced phenotypes with 95.3% accuracy, 93.4% sensitivity, and 96.9% specificity. Prediction accuracy was above random chance values for all other studies. Circadian rhythm analysis showed a return to the initial phenotype after 24 hours for cultures grown in light/dark (12 h/12 h) cycles; this did not occur for cultures grown in the dark. Finally, correlation coefficients (R > 0.7) were found for glycogen, all amino acids, and chlorophyll a when comparing specific Raman bands to other experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Tanniche
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Eva Collakova
- School of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Denbow
- School of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Ryan S Senger
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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13
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Reineke W, Schlömann M. Biotechnologie und Umweltschutz. UMWELTMIKROBIOLOGIE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7253657 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-59655-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Die Belange einer umweltgemäßen Schädlingsbekämpfung führen in zunehmendem Maße zur Suche nach Mikroorganismen, die als Antagonisten gegen sogenannte Schadinsekten eingesetzt werden können oder deren Stoffwechselprodukte sich als neue Wirkstoffe eignen.
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Zhang JZ, Reisner E. Advancing photosystem II photoelectrochemistry for semi-artificial photosynthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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A novel chlorophyll protein complex in the repair cycle of photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21907-21913. [PMID: 31594847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909644116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, photosystem II (PSII) is a unique membrane protein complex that catalyzes light-driven oxidation of water. PSII undergoes frequent damage due to its demanding photochemistry. It must undergo a repair and reassembly process following photodamage, many facets of which remain unknown. We have discovered a PSII subcomplex that lacks 5 key PSII core reaction center polypeptides: D1, D2, PsbE, PsbF, and PsbI. This pigment-protein complex does contain the PSII core antenna proteins CP47 and CP43, as well as most of their associated low molecular mass subunits, and the assembly factor Psb27. Immunoblotting, mass spectrometry, and ultrafast spectroscopic results support the absence of a functional reaction center in this complex, which we call the "no reaction center" complex (NRC). Analytical ultracentrifugation and clear native PAGE analysis show that NRC is a stable pigment-protein complex and not a mixture of free CP47 and CP43 proteins. NRC appears in higher abundance in cells exposed to high light and impaired protein synthesis, and genetic deletion of PsbO on the PSII luminal side results in an increased NRC population, indicative that NRC forms in response to photodamage as part of the PSII repair process. Our finding challenges the current model of the PSII repair cycle and implies an alternative PSII repair strategy. Formation of this complex may maximize PSII repair economy by preserving intact PSII core antennas in a single complex available for PSII reassembly, minimizing the risk of randomly diluting multiple recycling components in the thylakoid membrane following a photodamage event.
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16
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On the interface of light-harvesting antenna complexes and reaction centers in oxygenic photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148079. [PMID: 31518567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) accomplish light-energy capture and photochemistry in natural photosynthesis. In this review, we examine three pigment protein complexes in oxygenic photosynthesis: light-harvesting antenna complexes and two reaction centers: Photosystem II (PSII), and Photosystem I (PSI). Recent technological developments promise unprecedented insights into how these multi-component protein complexes are assembled into higher order structures and thereby execute their function. Furthermore, the interfacial domain between light-harvesting antenna complexes and PSII, especially the potential roles of the structural loops from CP29 and the PB-loop of ApcE in higher plant and cyanobacteria, respectively, are discussed. It is emphasized that the structural nuances are required for the structural dynamics and consequently for functional regulation in response to an ever-changing and challenging environment.
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17
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D'Alessandro S, Havaux M. Sensing β-carotene oxidation in photosystem II to master plant stress tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1776-1783. [PMID: 31090944 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Stressful environmental conditions lead to the production of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplasts, due to limited photosynthesis and enhanced excitation pressure on the photosystems. Among these reactive species, singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), which is generated at the level of the PSII reaction center, is very reactive, readily oxidizing macromolecules in its immediate surroundings, and it has been identified as the principal cause of photooxidative damage in plant leaves. The two β-carotene molecules present in the PSII reaction center are prime targets of 1 O2 oxidation, leading to the formation of various oxidized derivatives. Plants have evolved sensing mechanisms for those PSII-generated metabolites, which regulate gene expression, putting in place defense mechanisms and alleviating the effects of PSII-damaging conditions. A new picture is thus emerging which places PSII as a sensor and transducer in plant stress resilience through its capacity to generate signaling metabolites under excess light energy. This review summarizes new advances in the characterization of the apocarotenoids involved in the PSII-mediated stress response and of the pathways elicited by these molecules, among which is the xenobiotic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano D'Alessandro
- CEA, CNRS, UMR 7265, Institut Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA/Cadarache, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA, CNRS, UMR 7265, Institut Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA/Cadarache, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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18
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Ciornii D, Kölsch A, Zouni A, Lisdat F. A precursor-approach in constructing 3D ITO electrodes for the improved performance of photosystem I-cyt c photobioelectrodes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15862-15870. [PMID: 31380869 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the use of photoelectrodes based on conductive metal oxides has become very popular in the field of photovoltaics. The application of 3D electrodes holds great promise since they can integrate large amounts of photoactive proteins. In this study photosystem I (PSI) from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus was immobilized on 3D ITO electrodes and electrically wired via the redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c). The main goal, however, was the investigation of construction parameters of such electrodes for achieving a high performance. For this, ITO electrodes were constructed from liquid precursors resulting in improved transmission compared to previous nanoparticle-based preparation protocols. First, the doping level of Sn was varied for establishing suitable conditions for a fast cyt c electrochemistry on such 3D electrodes. In a second step the pore diameter was varied in order to elucidate optimal conditions. Third, the scalability of the template-based preparation was studied from 3 to 15 layers during spin coating and the subsequent baking step. In the thickness range from 3 to 17 μm no limitation in the protein immobilization and also in the photocurrent generation was found. Consequently, a photocurrent of about 270 μA cm-2 and a turnover number (Te) of 30 e- s-1 at PSI were achieved. Because of the high current flow the withdrawal of electrons at the stromal side of PSI becomes clearly rate limiting. Here improved transport conditions and alternative electron acceptors were studied to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Ciornii
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedical Technologies, Technical University Wildau, 15745 Wildau, Hochschulring 1, Germany.
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19
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Zhao F, Bobrowski T, Ruff A, Hartmann V, Nowaczyk MM, Rögner M, Conzuelo F, Schuhmann W. A light-driven Nernstian biosupercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Dietz KJ, Wesemann C, Wegener M, Seidel T. Toward an Integrated Understanding of Retrograde Control of Photosynthesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1186-1205. [PMID: 29463103 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of eukaryotes, which occupies a large portion of the photosynthetic cell. The chloroplast function and integrity depend on intensive material and signal exchange between all genetic compartments and conditionally secure efficient photosynthesis and high fitness. Recent Advances: During the last two decades, the concept of mutual control of plastid performance by extraplastidic anterograde signals acting on the chloroplast and the feedback from the chloroplast to the extraplastidic space by retrograde signals has been profoundly revised and expanded. It has become clear that a complex set of diverse signals is released from the chloroplast and exceeds the historically proposed small number of information signals. Thus, it is also recognized that redox compounds and reactive oxygen species play a decisive role in retrograde signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES The diversity of processes controlled or modulated by the retrograde network covers all molecular levels, including RNA fate and translation, and also includes subcellular heterogeneity, indirect gating of other organelles' metabolism, and specific signaling routes and pathways, previously not considered. All these processes must be integrated for optimal adjustment of the chloroplast processes. Thus, evidence is presented suggesting that retrograde signaling affects translation, stress granule, and processing body (P-body) dynamics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Redundancy of signal transduction elements, parallelisms of pathways, and conditionally alternative mechanisms generate a robust network and system that only tentatively can be assessed by use of single-site mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Corinna Wesemann
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Wegener
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thorsten Seidel
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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21
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Dynamic marine viral infections and major contribution to photosynthetic processes shown by spatiotemporal picoplankton metatranscriptomes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1169. [PMID: 30862830 PMCID: PMC6414667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses provide top-down control on microbial communities, yet their direct study in natural environments was hindered by culture limitations. The advance of bioinformatics enables cultivation-independent study of viruses. Many studies assemble new viral genomes and study viral diversity using marker genes from free viruses. Here we use cellular metatranscriptomics to study active community-wide viral infections. Recruitment to viral contigs allows tracking infection dynamics over time and space. Our assemblies represent viral populations, but appear biased towards low diversity viral taxa. Tracking relatives of published T4-like cyanophages and pelagiphages reveals high genomic continuity. We determine potential hosts by matching dynamics of infection with abundance of particular microbial taxa. Finally, we quantify the relative contribution of cyanobacteria and viruses to photosystem-II psbA (reaction center) expression in our study sites. We show sometimes >50% of all cyanobacterial+viral psbA expression is of viral origin, highlighting the contribution of viruses to photosynthesis and oxygen production. Here, Sieradzki et al. use metatranscriptomics to study active community-wide viral infections at three coastal California sites throughout a year, identify potential viral hosts, and show that viruses can contribute a substantial amount to photosystem-II psbA expression.
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22
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Cardona T, Sánchez‐Baracaldo P, Rutherford AW, Larkum AW. Early Archean origin of Photosystem II. GEOBIOLOGY 2019; 17:127-150. [PMID: 30411862 PMCID: PMC6492235 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II is a photochemical reaction center that catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. Water oxidation is the distinctive photochemical reaction that permitted the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and the eventual rise of eukaryotes. At what point during the history of life an ancestral photosystem evolved the capacity to oxidize water still remains unknown. Here, we study the evolution of the core reaction center proteins of Photosystem II using sequence and structural comparisons in combination with Bayesian relaxed molecular clocks. Our results indicate that a homodimeric photosystem with sufficient oxidizing power to split water had already appeared in the early Archean about a billion years before the most recent common ancestor of all described Cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, and well before the diversification of some of the known groups of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Based on a structural and functional rationale, we hypothesize that this early Archean photosystem was capable of water oxidation to oxygen and had already evolved protection mechanisms against the formation of reactive oxygen species. This would place primordial forms of oxygenic photosynthesis at a very early stage in the evolutionary history of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
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23
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Zhao F, Hartmann V, Ruff A, Nowaczyk MM, Rögner M, Schuhmann W, Conzuelo F. Unravelling electron transfer processes at photosystem 2 embedded in an Os-complex modified redox polymer. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Cordara A, Re A, Pagliano C, Van Alphen P, Pirone R, Saracco G, Branco Dos Santos F, Hellingwerf K, Vasile N. Analysis of the light intensity dependence of the growth of Synechocystis and of the light distribution in a photobioreactor energized by 635 nm light. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5256. [PMID: 30065870 PMCID: PMC6065478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechocystis gathered momentum in modelling studies and biotechnological applications owing to multiple factors like fast growth, ability to fix carbon dioxide into valuable products, and the relative ease of genetic manipulation. Synechocystis physiology and metabolism, and consequently, the productivity of Synechocystis-based photobioreactors (PBRs), are heavily light modulated. Here, we set up a turbidostat-controlled lab-scale cultivation system in order to study the influence of varying orange–red light intensities on Synechocystis growth characteristics and photosynthetic activity. Synechocystis growth and photosynthetic activity were found to raise as supplied light intensity increased up to 500 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and to enter the photoinhibition state only at 800 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Interestingly, reverting the light to a non-photo-inhibiting intensity unveiled Synechocystis to be able to promptly recover. Furthermore, our characterization displayed a clear correlation between variations in growth rate and cell size, extending a phenomenon previously observed in other cyanobacteria. Further, we applied a modelling approach to simulate the effects produced by varying the incident light intensity on its local distribution within the PBR vessel. Our model simulations suggested that the photosynthetic activity of Synechocystis could be enhanced by finely regulating the intensity of the light incident on the PBR in order to prevent cells from experiencing light-induced stress and induce their exploitation of areas of different local light intensity formed in the vessel. In the latter case, the heterogeneous distribution of the local light intensity would allow Synechocystis for an optimized usage of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cordara
- Applied Science and Technology Department-Biosolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-Biosolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Pascal Van Alphen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raffaele Pirone
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Klaas Hellingwerf
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicolò Vasile
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
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25
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Saper G, Kallmann D, Conzuelo F, Zhao F, Tóth TN, Liveanu V, Meir S, Szymanski J, Aharoni A, Schuhmann W, Rothschild A, Schuster G, Adir N. Live cyanobacteria produce photocurrent and hydrogen using both the respiratory and photosynthetic systems. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2168. [PMID: 29867170 PMCID: PMC5986869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms perform solar energy conversion of water and CO2 to O2 and sugar at a broad range of wavelengths and light intensities. These cells also metabolize sugars using a respiratory system that functionally overlaps the photosynthetic apparatus. In this study, we describe the harvesting of photocurrent used for hydrogen production from live cyanobacteria. A non-harmful gentle physical treatment of the cyanobacterial cells enables light-driven electron transfer by an endogenous mediator to a graphite electrode in a bio-photoelectrochemical cell, without the addition of sacrificial electron donors or acceptors. We show that the photocurrent is derived from photosystem I and that the electrons originate from carbohydrates digested by the respiratory system. Finally, the current is utilized for hydrogen evolution on the cathode at a bias of 0.65 V. Taken together, we present a bio-photoelectrochemical system where live cyanobacteria produce stable photocurrent that can generate hydrogen. Biologically ### produced electrical currents and hydrogen are new energy sources. Here, the authors find that low presser microfluidizer treatment produced cyanobacterium that can utilize electrons from respiratory and photosynthesis to promote current and hydrogen generation, without the addition of exogenous electron mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadiel Saper
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dan Kallmann
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tünde N Tóth
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel.,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Varda Liveanu
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jedrzej Szymanski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research (IPK), Network Analysis and Modelling, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Avner Rothschild
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gadi Schuster
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel. .,Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Noam Adir
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel. .,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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26
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Zhao F, Hardt S, Hartmann V, Zhang H, Nowaczyk MM, Rögner M, Plumeré N, Schuhmann W, Conzuelo F. Light-induced formation of partially reduced oxygen species limits the lifetime of photosystem 1-based biocathodes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1973. [PMID: 29773789 PMCID: PMC5958124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacing photosynthetic proteins specifically photosystem 1 (PS1) with electrodes enables light-induced charge separation processes for powering semiartificial photobiodevices with, however, limited long-term stability. Here, we present the in-depth evaluation of a PS1/Os-complex-modified redox polymer-based biocathode by means of scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy. Focalized local illumination of the bioelectrode and concomitant collection of H2O2 at the closely positioned microelectrode provide evidence for the formation of partially reduced oxygen species under light conditions. Long-term evaluation of the photocathode at different O2 concentrations as well as after incorporating catalase and superoxide dismutase reveals the particularly challenging issue of avoiding the generation of reactive species. Moreover, the evaluation of films prepared with inactivated PS1 and free chlorophyll points out additional possible pathways for the generation of oxygen radicals. To avoid degradation of PS1 during illumination and hence to enhance the long-term stability, the operation of biophotocathodes under anaerobic conditions is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences - Molecular Nanostructures, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Volker Hartmann
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences - Molecular Nanostructures, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicolas Plumeré
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences - Molecular Nanostructures, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany.
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany.
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27
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Weisz DA, Gross ML, Pakrasi HB. Reactive oxygen species leave a damage trail that reveals water channels in Photosystem II. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao3013. [PMID: 29159285 PMCID: PMC5693562 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), a unique membrane-bound oxidoreductase, catalyzes light-driven oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. Although high-resolution structures of PSII are known, the exact path of the substrate water molecules to the catalytic Mn4CaO5 center within the PSII complex remains poorly understood. PSII produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), responsible for the frequent damage and turnover of this megacomplex that occur under physiological conditions. Such ROS are known to specifically modify PSII proteins. Using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we identified oxidative modifications on 36 amino acid residues on the lumenal side of PSII, in the core PSII proteins D1, D2, and CP43 of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Remarkably, these oxidized residues clustered into three nearly continuous formations, tracking the pathways of ROS diffusion from the manganese center all the way out to the surface of PSII. We suggest that these profiles of oxidized residues reveal the locations of water channels within PSII. Our results provide the most comprehensive experimental evidence to date of physiologically relevant oxidized residues in PSII and illuminate three possible channels for water between the catalytic Mn cluster in the PSII complex and the bulk medium around it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Weisz
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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28
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Shubin VV, Terekhova IV, Bolychevtseva YV, El-Mohsnawy E, Rögner M, Mäntele W, Kopczak MJ, Džafić E. Thermostability of photosystem I trimers and monomers from the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 179:17-22. [PMID: 28213141 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of solar energy conversion into alternative energy sources in artificial systems highly depends on the thermostability of photosystem I (PSI) complexes Terasaki et al. (2007), Iwuchukwu et al. (2010), Kothe et al. (2013) . To assess the thermostability of PSI complexes from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus heating induced perturbations on the level of secondary structure of the proteins were studied. Changes were monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra in the mid-IR region upon slow heating (1°C per minute) of samples in D2O phosphate buffer (pD 7.4) from 20°C to 100°C. These spectra showed distinct changes in the Amide I region of PSI complexes as a function of the rising temperature. Absorbance at the Amide I maximum of PSI monomers (centered around 1653cm-1), gradually dropped in two temperature intervals, i.e. 60-75 and 80-90°C. In contrast, absorbance at the Amide I maximum of PSI trimers (around 1656cm-1) dropped only in one temperature interval 80-95°C. The thermal profile of the spectral shift of α-helices bands in the region 1656-1642cm-1 confirms the same two temperature intervals for PSI monomers and only one interval for trimers. Apparently, the observed absorbance changes at the Amide I maximum during heating of PSI monomers and trimers are caused by deformation and unfolding of α-helices. The absence of absorbance changes in the interval of 20-65°C in PSI trimers is probably caused by a greater stability of protein secondary structure as compared to that in monomers. Upon heating above 80°C a large part of α-helices both in trimers and monomers converts to unordered and aggregated structures. Spectral changes of PSI trimers and monomers heated up to 100°C are irreversible due to protein denaturation and non-specific aggregation of complexes leading to new absorption bands at 1618-1620cm-1. We propose that monomers shield the denaturation sensitive sides at the monomer/monomer interface within a trimer, making the oligomeric structure more stable against thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shubin
- Baсh Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld.2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Irina V Terekhova
- Baсh Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld.2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Yulia V Bolychevtseva
- Baсh Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld.2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Eithar El-Mohsnawy
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33511 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Werner Mäntele
- Institut für Biophysik, J.W. Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marta J Kopczak
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Enela Džafić
- Institut für Biophysik, J.W. Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Westermark S, Steuer R. Toward Multiscale Models of Cyanobacterial Growth: A Modular Approach. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:95. [PMID: 28083530 PMCID: PMC5183639 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis dominates global primary productivity ever since its evolution more than three billion years ago. While many aspects of phototrophic growth are well understood, it remains a considerable challenge to elucidate the manifold dependencies and interconnections between the diverse cellular processes that together facilitate the synthesis of new cells. Phototrophic growth involves the coordinated action of several layers of cellular functioning, ranging from the photosynthetic light reactions and the electron transport chain, to carbon-concentrating mechanisms and the assimilation of inorganic carbon. It requires the synthesis of new building blocks by cellular metabolism, protection against excessive light, as well as diurnal regulation by a circadian clock and the orchestration of gene expression and cell division. Computational modeling allows us to quantitatively describe these cellular functions and processes relevant for phototrophic growth. As yet, however, computational models are mostly confined to the inner workings of individual cellular processes, rather than describing the manifold interactions between them in the context of a living cell. Using cyanobacteria as model organisms, this contribution seeks to summarize existing computational models that are relevant to describe phototrophic growth and seeks to outline their interactions and dependencies. Our ultimate aim is to understand cellular functioning and growth as the outcome of a coordinated operation of diverse yet interconnected cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Westermark
- Fachinstitut für Theoretische Biologie (ITB), Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Ralf Steuer
- Fachinstitut für Theoretische Biologie (ITB), Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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Weisz DA, Gross ML, Pakrasi HB. The Use of Advanced Mass Spectrometry to Dissect the Life-Cycle of Photosystem II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:617. [PMID: 27242823 PMCID: PMC4862242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a photosynthetic membrane-protein complex that undergoes an intricate, tightly regulated cycle of assembly, damage, and repair. The available crystal structures of cyanobacterial PSII are an essential foundation for understanding PSII function, but nonetheless provide a snapshot only of the active complex. To study aspects of the entire PSII life-cycle, mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful tool that can be used in conjunction with biochemical techniques. In this article, we present the MS-based approaches that are used to study PSII composition, dynamics, and structure, and review the information about the PSII life-cycle that has been gained by these methods. This information includes the composition of PSII subcomplexes, discovery of accessory PSII proteins, identification of post-translational modifications and quantification of their changes under various conditions, determination of the binding site of proteins not observed in PSII crystal structures, conformational changes that underlie PSII functions, and identification of water and oxygen channels within PSII. We conclude with an outlook for the opportunity of future MS contributions to PSII research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Weisz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Himadri B. Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
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31
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Plumeré N, Nowaczyk MM. Biophotoelectrochemistry of Photosynthetic Proteins. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 158:111-136. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Akulinkina DV, Bolychevtseva YV, Elanskaya IV, Karapetyan NV, Yurina NP. Association of High Light-Inducible HliA/HliB Stress Proteins with Photosystem 1 Trimers and Monomers of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:1254-61. [PMID: 26567568 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hlip (high light-inducible proteins) are important for protection of the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria from light stress. However, the interaction of these proteins with chlorophyll-protein complexes of thylakoids remains unclear. The association of HliA/HliB stress proteins with photosystem 1 (PS1) complexes of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 was studied to understand their function. Western blotting demonstrated that stress-induced HliA/HliB proteins are associated with PS1 trimers in wild-type cells grown under moderate light condition (40 µmol photons/m(2) per sec). The content of these proteins increased 1.7-fold after light stress (150 µmol photons/m(2) per sec) for 1 h. In the absence of PS1 trimers (ΔpsaL mutant), the HliA/HliB proteins are associated with PS1 monomers and the PS2 complex. HliA/HliB proteins are associated with PS1 monomers but not with PS1 trimers in Synechocystis PS2-deficient mutant grown at 5 µmol photons/m(2) per sec; the content of Hli proteins associated with PS1 monomers increased 1.2-fold after light stress. The HliA/HliB proteins were not detected in wild-type cells of cyanobacteria grown in glucose-supplemented medium at 5 µmol photons/m(2) per sec, but light stress induces the synthesis of stress proteins associated with PS1 trimers. Thus, for the first time, the association of HliA/HliB proteins not only with PS1 trimers, but also with PS1 monomers is shown, which suggests a universal role of these proteins in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus from excess light.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Akulinkina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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Braun A, Boudoire F, Bora DK, Faccio G, Hu Y, Kroll A, Mun BS, Wilson ST. Biological components and bioelectronic interfaces of water splitting photoelectrodes for solar hydrogen production. Chemistry 2014; 21:4188-99. [PMID: 25504590 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis (AP) is inspired by photosynthesis in nature. In AP, solar hydrogen can be produced by water splitting in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). The necessary photoelectrodes are inorganic semiconductors. Light-harvesting proteins and biocatalysts can be coupled with these photoelectrodes and thus form bioelectronic interfaces. We expand this concept toward PEC devices with vital bio-organic components and interfaces, and their integration into the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Braun
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf (Switzerland).
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Yang H, Liao L, Bo T, Zhao L, Sun X, Lu X, Norling B, Huang F. Slr0151 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is required for efficient repair of photosystem II under high-light condition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:1136-50. [PMID: 25146729 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes that have adapted successfully to adverse environments including high-light irradiation. Although it is known that the repair of photodamaged photosystem II (PSII) in the organisms is a highly regulated process, our knowledge of the molecular components that regulate each step of the process is limited. We have previously identified a hypothetical protein Slr0151 in the membrane fractions of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Here, we report that Slr0151 is involved in PSII repair of the organism. We generated a mutant strain (Δslr0151) lacking the protein Slr0151 and analyzed its characteristics under normal and high-light conditions. Targeted deletion of slr0151 resulted in decreased PSII activity in Synechocystis. Moreover, the mutant exhibited increased photoinhibition due to impairment of PSII repair under high-light condition. Further analysis using in vivo radioactive labeling and 2-D blue native/sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the PSII repair cycle was hindered at the levels of D1 synthesis and disassembly and/or assembly of PSII in the mutant. Protein interaction assays demonstrated that Slr0151 interacts with D1 and CP43 proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that Slr0151 plays an important role in regulating PSII repair in the organism under high-light stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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35
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Nelson CJ, Alexova R, Jacoby RP, Millar AH. Proteins with high turnover rate in barley leaves estimated by proteome analysis combined with in planta isotope labeling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:91-108. [PMID: 25082890 PMCID: PMC4149734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.243014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein turnover is a key component in cellular homeostasis; however, there is little quantitative information on degradation kinetics for individual plant proteins. We have used (15)N labeling of barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free amino acids and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of proteins to track the enrichment of (15)N into the amino acid pools in barley leaves and then into tryptic peptides derived from newly synthesized proteins. Using information on the rate of growth of barley leaves combined with the rate of degradation of (14)N-labeled proteins, we calculate the turnover rates of 508 different proteins in barley and show that they vary by more than 100-fold. There was approximately a 9-h lag from label application until (15)N incorporation could be reliably quantified in extracted peptides. Using this information and assuming constant translation rates for proteins during the time course, we were able to quantify degradation rates for several proteins that exhibit half-lives on the order of hours. Our workflow, involving a stringent series of mass spectrometry filtering steps, demonstrates that (15)N labeling can be used for large-scale liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry studies of protein turnover in plants. We identify a series of abundant proteins in photosynthesis, photorespiration, and specific subunits of chlorophyll biosynthesis that turn over significantly more rapidly than the average protein involved in these processes. We also highlight a series of proteins that turn over as rapidly as the well-known D1 subunit of photosystem II. While these proteins need further verification for rapid degradation in vivo, they cluster in chlorophyll and thiamine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark J Nelson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and Centre for Comparative Analysis of Biomolecular Networks, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ralitza Alexova
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and Centre for Comparative Analysis of Biomolecular Networks, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Richard P Jacoby
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and Centre for Comparative Analysis of Biomolecular Networks, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and Centre for Comparative Analysis of Biomolecular Networks, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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36
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de Vries J, Habicht J, Woehle C, Huang C, Christa G, Wägele H, Nickelsen J, Martin WF, Gould SB. Is ftsH the key to plastid longevity in sacoglossan slugs? Genome Biol Evol 2014; 5:2540-8. [PMID: 24336424 PMCID: PMC3879987 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastids sequestered by sacoglossan sea slugs have long been a puzzle. Some sacoglossans feed on siphonaceous algae and can retain the plastids in the cytosol of their digestive gland cells. There, the stolen plastids (kleptoplasts) can remain photosynthetically active in some cases for months. Kleptoplast longevity itself challenges current paradigms concerning photosystem turnover, because kleptoplast photosystems remain active in the absence of nuclear algal genes. In higher plants, nuclear genes are essential for plastid maintenance, in particular, for the constant repair of the D1 protein of photosystem II. Lateral gene transfer was long suspected to underpin slug kleptoplast longevity, but recent transcriptomic and genomic analyses show that no algal nuclear genes are expressed from the slug nucleus. Kleptoplast genomes themselves, however, appear expressed in the sequestered state. Here we present sequence data for the chloroplast genome of Acetabularia acetabulum, the food source of the sacoglossan Elysia timida, which can maintain Acetabularia kleptoplasts in an active state for months. The data reveal what might be the key to sacoglossan kleptoplast longevity: plastids that remain photosynthetically active within slugs for periods of months share the property of encoding ftsH, a D1 quality control protease that is essential for photosystem II repair. In land plants, ftsH is always nuclear encoded, it was transferred to the nucleus from the plastid genome when Charophyta and Embryophyta split. A replenishable supply of ftsH could, in principle, rescue kleptoplasts from D1 photodamage, thereby influencing plastid longevity in sacoglossan slugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Dinc E, Ramundo S, Croce R, Rochaix JD. Repressible chloroplast gene expression in Chlamydomonas: a new tool for the study of the photosynthetic apparatus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:1548-52. [PMID: 24333785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A repressible/inducible chloroplast gene expression system has been used to conditionally inhibit chloroplast protein synthesis in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This system allows one to follow the fate of photosystem II and photosystem I and their antennae upon cessation of chloroplast translation. The main results are that the levels of the PSI core proteins decrease at a slower rate than those of PSII. Amongst the light-harvesting complexes, the decrease of CP26 proceeds at the same rate as for the PSII core proteins whereas it is significantly slower for CP29, and for the antenna complexes of PSI this rate is comprised between that of CP26 and CP29. In marked contrast, the components of trimeric LHCII, the major PSII antenna, persist for several days upon inhibition of chloroplast translation. This system offers new possibilities for investigating the biosynthesis and turnover of individual photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membranes. This article is part of a special issue entitled: photosynthesis research for sustainability: keys to produce clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Dinc
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Ramundo
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Knoop H, Gründel M, Zilliges Y, Lehmann R, Hoffmann S, Lockau W, Steuer R. Flux balance analysis of cyanobacterial metabolism: the metabolic network of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003081. [PMID: 23843751 PMCID: PMC3699288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are versatile unicellular phototrophic microorganisms that are highly abundant in many environments. Owing to their capability to utilize solar energy and atmospheric carbon dioxide for growth, cyanobacteria are increasingly recognized as a prolific resource for the synthesis of valuable chemicals and various biofuels. To fully harness the metabolic capabilities of cyanobacteria necessitates an in-depth understanding of the metabolic interconversions taking place during phototrophic growth, as provided by genome-scale reconstructions of microbial organisms. Here we present an extended reconstruction and analysis of the metabolic network of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Building upon several recent reconstructions of cyanobacterial metabolism, unclear reaction steps are experimentally validated and the functional consequences of unknown or dissenting pathway topologies are discussed. The updated model integrates novel results with respect to the cyanobacterial TCA cycle, an alleged glyoxylate shunt, and the role of photorespiration in cellular growth. Going beyond conventional flux-balance analysis, we extend the computational analysis to diurnal light/dark cycles of cyanobacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Knoop
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Biologie, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (HK); (RS)
| | - Marianne Gründel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Zilliges
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Lehmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hoffmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lockau
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Steuer
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Biologie, Berlin, Germany
- CzechGlobe - Global Change Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (HK); (RS)
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Nagao R, Tomo T, Narikawa R, Enami I, Ikeuchi M. Light-independent biosynthesis and assembly of the photosystem II complex in the diatomChaetoceros gracilis. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Salomon E, Bar-Eyal L, Sharon S, Keren N. Balancing photosynthetic electron flow is critical for cyanobacterial acclimation to nitrogen limitation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012. [PMID: 23201479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen limitation forces photosynthetic organisms to reallocate available nitrogen to essential functions. At the same time, it increases the probability of photo-damage by limiting the rate of energy-demanding metabolic processes, downstream of the photosynthetic apparatus. Non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria cope with this situation by decreasing the size of their phycobilisome antenna and by modifying their photosynthetic apparatus. These changes can serve two purposes: to provide extra amino-acids and to decrease excitation pressure. We examined the effects of nitrogen limitation on the form and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our aim was to study which of the two demands serve as the driving force for the remodeling of the photosynthetic apparatus, under different growth conditions. We found that a drastic reduction in light intensity allowed cells to maintain a more functional photosynthetic apparatus: the phycobilisome antenna was bigger, the activity of both photosystems was higher and the levels of photosystem (PS) proteins were higher. Pre-acclimating cells to Mn limitation, under which the activity of both PSI and PSII is diminished, results in a very similar response. The rate of PSII photoinhibition, in nitrogen limited cells, was found to be directly related to the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. These data indicate that, under our experimental conditions, photo-damage avoidance was the more prominent determinant during the acclimation process. The combinations of limiting factors tested here is by no means artificial. Similar scenarios can take place under environmental conditions and should be taken into account when estimating nutrient limitations in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Salomon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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