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Zhang M, Vuist I, Rottschäfer V, de Lange EC. Exploring Kp,uu,BBB Values Smaller than Unity in Remoxipride: A Physiologically-Based CNS Model Approach Highlighting Brain Metabolism in Drugs with Passive Blood-Brain Barrier Transport. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024:106883. [PMID: 39181172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
(AIM) Kp,uu,BBB values are crucial indicators of drug distribution into the brain, representing the steady-state relationship between unbound concentrations in plasma and in brain extracellular fluid (brainECF). Kp,uu,BBB values < 1 are often interpreted as indicators of dominant active efflux transport processes at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the potential impact of brain metabolism on this value is typically not addressed. In this study, we investigated the brain distribution of remoxipride, as a paradigm compound for passive BBB transport with yet unexplained brain elimination that was hypothesized to represent brain metabolism. (METHODS) The physiologically-based LeiCNS pharmacokinetic predictor (LeiCNS-PK model) was used to compare brain distribution of remoxipride with and without Michaelis-Menten kinetics at the BBB and/or brain cell organelle levels. To that end, multiple in-house (IV 0.7, 3.5, 4, 5.2, 7, 8, 14 and 16 mg/kg) and external (IV 4 and 8 mg/kg) rat microdialysis studies plasma and brainECF data were analysed. (RESULTS) The incorporation of active elimination through presumed brain metabolism of remoxipride in the LeiCNS-PK model significantly improved the prediction accuracy of experimentally observed brainECF profiles of this drug. The model integrated with brain metabolism in both barriers and organelles levels is named LeiCNS-PK3.5. (CONCLUSION) For drugs with Kp,uu,BBB values < 1, not only the current interpretation of dominant BBB efflux transport, but also potential brain metabolism needs to be considered, especially because these may be concentration dependent. This will improve the mechanistic understanding of the processes that determine brain PK profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxu Zhang
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Predictive Pharmacology group, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona Vuist
- Charles River Laboratories, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi Rottschäfer
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Cm de Lange
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Predictive Pharmacology group, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Zou H, Hao P, Cao Y, Li L, Ding R, Bai X, Xue Y. Hippophae rhamnoides reverses decreased CYP2D6 expression in rats with BCG-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17425. [PMID: 37833431 PMCID: PMC10575986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HRP) on the activity of CYP2D6 via the CAMP/PKA/NF-κB pathway in rats with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced immunological liver injury. BCG (125 mg/kg) was injected to establish the rat model of liver injury. HRP was administered intragastrically for one week as the intervention drug. Proteomics techniques were used to analyze protein expression levels, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the liver injury process. ELISA or western blotting was used to detect specific protein levels. Dextromethorphan was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography to reflect the metabolic activity of CYP2D6. BCG downregulated the expression of CYP2D6, cAMP, PKA, IκB, and P-CREB and upregulated that of NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CREB in the liver; HRP administration reversed these effects. Therefore, HRP may restore the metabolic function of the liver by reversing the downregulation of CYP2D6 through inhibition of NF-κB signal transduction and regulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB/CYP2D6 pathway. These findings highlight the role of HRP as an alternative clinical drug for treating hepatitis B and other immune-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Zou
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Peipei Hao
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Ruifeng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Pathology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Yongzhi Xue
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou, 014060, China.
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Chen JH, Lin IH, Hsueh TY, Dalley JW, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetics and transplacental transfer of codeine and codeine metabolites from Papaver somniferum L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115623. [PMID: 36007718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Papaveris Pericarpium, which is the dried husk of Papaver somniferum L., has been used as a phytomedicine to relieve cough, diarrhea and pain. The alkaloid codeine contained therein via biotransformation converts to morphine and potentially produces addictive and toxic effects. Due to the healthy concern for a pregnant woman, our hypothesis is that codeine and its metabolites can penetrate the placental barrier to reach the foetus and amniotic fluid, and these processes may be modulated by the transporter. AIM OF THE STUDY Because codeine is also considered a prodrug of morphine, it has a good analgesic effect. It is often used by pregnant women but may expose the foetus to the risk of morphine harm. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic rate, distribution and transplacental transfer mechanism of codeine and its metabolites morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) in pregnant rats and to assess the risk of medication for pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with a microdialysis system was developed to monitor codeine, morphine and M3G in multiple sites of maternal blood, placenta, foetus and amniotic fluid after codeine administration. A compartmental model was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of codeine in blood after codeine administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.). The area under the concentration (AUC) ratio of AUCmetabolite/AUCcodeine and AUCtissue/AUCblood was used to represent the metabolic biotransformation ratio and the drug from blood-to-tissue transfer ratio, respectively. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that codeine fit well with a two-compartment model and went through rapid metabolism to morphine and M3G in pregnant rats after codeine administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.). The biotransformation ratios of AUCmorphine/AUCcodeine, AUCM3G/AUCmorphine and AUCM3G/AUCcodeine were 0.12 ± 0.03, 54.45 ± 20.61 and 6.53 ± 2.47, respectively, after codeine administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.), which suggested that codeine was easily metabolized into M3G through morphine. The tissue distribution results demonstrated that all of the analytes penetrated into the foetus through the placenta; however, the blood-to-tissue transfer ratio (AUCtissue/AUCblood) of morphine and M3G was relatively lower than that of codeine after codeine administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.), which suggested that the blood-placenta barrier blocks the penetration of morphine and M3G into the foetus. Thus, the tissue transfer of morphine in the placenta and foetus was significantly enhanced by treatment with corticosterone, an inhibitor of organic cation transporter (OCT). CONCLUSION Based on microdialysis coupled to a validated UHPLC-MS/MS system, the pharmacokinetics and metabolic biotransformation of codeine and its metabolites were analyzed and clarified. The potential mechanism of morphine placental transfer was modulated by OCT transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hung Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Y Hsueh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
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Zhang C, Cho S, Napolitano JG, Russell D, Gu C, Deese A, Han C, Chen Y, Ma S. Elucidating the Structure and Cytochrome P450-mediated Mechanism for Novel Metabolites of GDC-0575 in Rats. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:219-228. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2062685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.Z, S.C, Y.C, S.M)
| | - Sungjoon Cho
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.Z, S.C, Y.C, S.M)
| | - José G. Napolitano
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G.N, D.R, C.G, A.D, C.H), Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - David Russell
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G.N, D.R, C.G, A.D, C.H), Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Christine Gu
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G.N, D.R, C.G, A.D, C.H), Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Alan Deese
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G.N, D.R, C.G, A.D, C.H), Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G.N, D.R, C.G, A.D, C.H), Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.Z, S.C, Y.C, S.M)
| | - Shuguang Ma
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.Z, S.C, Y.C, S.M)
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Evaluation of Zhenwu Decoction Effects on CYP450 Enzymes in Rats Using a Cocktail Method by UPLC-MS/MS. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4816209. [PMID: 32461991 PMCID: PMC7240782 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4816209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This thesis is aimed at shedding light on the effects of the Zhenwu decoction (ZWD) on the activities and mRNA expressions of seven CYP450 isoenzymes. In the first step, we determined the main chemical compounds of ZWD by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Next, 48 male (SD) rats were randomly divided into the normal saline (NS) group and the ZWD low- (2.1875 g/kg), medium- (4.375 g/kg), and high- (8.75 g/kg) dose groups (12 per group). All rats were gavaged once daily for 28 consecutive days. A mixed solution of seven probe drugs was injected into 24 rats through the caudal vein after the last intragastric administration. Lastly, a validated cocktail method and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect pharmacokinetic parameters and mRNA expressions, respectively. Compared with the NS group, ZWD at medium- and high-dose groups could significantly induce CYP2C6 (P < 0.05) activity, while the mRNA expression (P < 0.05) increased only in the high-dose group. Additionally, CYP2C11 activity was induced and consistent with mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, ZWD could induce the activity of CYP3A1 (P < 0.05), but the mRNA expression showed no significant differences except in high-dose groups. Additionally, ZWD has no effects on CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C7, and CYP2D2. In conclusion, the significant inductive effects of ZWD on three CYP450 isoenzymes indicated that when ZWD was coadministrated with drugs mediated by these enzymes, not only should the potential herb-drug interactions (HDIs) be observed, but the dosage adjustment and tissue drug concentration should also be considered. Furthermore, the approach described in this article can be applied to study the importance of gender, age, and disease factors to HDI prediction.
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McMillan DM, Tyndale RF. Inducing rat brain CYP2D with nicotine increases the rate of codeine tolerance; predicting the rate of tolerance from acute analgesic response. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 145:158-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Alkaloids Profiling of Fumaria capreolata by Analytical Platforms Based on the Hyphenation of Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:5178729. [PMID: 29348751 PMCID: PMC5733964 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5178729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two analytical platforms, gas chromatography (GC) coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and reversed-phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to diode array (DAD) and QTOF detection, were applied in order to study the alkaloid profile of Fumaria capreolata. The use of these mass analyzers enabled tentatively identifying the alkaloids by matching their accurate mass signals and suggested molecular formulae with those previously reported in libraries and databases. Moreover, the proposed structures were corroborated by studying their fragmentation pattern obtained by both platforms. In this way, 8 and 26 isoquinoline alkaloids were characterized using GC-QTOF-MS and RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS, respectively, and they belonged to the following subclasses: protoberberine, protopine, aporphine, benzophenanthridine, spirobenzylisoquinoline, morphinandienone, and benzylisoquinoline. Moreover, the latter analytical method was selected to determine at 280 nm the concentration of protopine (9.6 ± 0.7 mg/g), a potential active compound of the extract. In conclusion, although GC-MS has been commonly used for the analysis of this type of phytochemicals, RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS provided essential complementary information. This analytical method can be applied for the quality control of phytopharmaceuticals containing Fumaria extracts currently found in the market.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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9
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Wang Y, Jiang YM, Wang YT, Kang JW, Yu T, Zhao HY, Bian BL, Huang M, Bi HC. Inhibiton of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and P-gp activity by multiple extracts of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:175-181. [PMID: 25219605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decotion (HLJDD), an important traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used for various diseases in clinical practice, and thus has high potential to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated herb-drug interactions (HDIs) with other co-administered drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of multiple extracts including aqueous extracts, total flavonoids, iridoids, alkaloids from HLJDD on the activities of CYPs in rats (CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2D2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A1) and P-gp, and then to predict potential interactions with co-administered drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of the four extracts from HLJDD on the CYPs activity were evaluated in rat liver microsomes incubation system, and then determined by LC-MS/MS-based CYPs probe substrate assay. Caco-2 cell monolayer was used to investigate the effect of the four extracts on the efflux of Rhodamine 123 to evaluate their influences on P-gp activity. RESULTS The results show that total flavonoids and alkaloids exibited strong inhibition on rat CYP isoenzymes activities. Total flavonoids exhibited different inhibitory effects on CYPs activities with an order of CYP3A1>CYP2C6>CYP2E1>CYP1A2>CYP2D2, and the values of IC₅₀ were 4.24, 8.16, 17.56, 19.03, 29.51 μg/mL, respectively. Total alkaloids possessed similar inhibition on CYPs and could strongly inhibit the activity of CYP2D2 (IC₅₀=2.38 μg/mL), CYP3A1 (IC₅₀=2.61 μg/mL), CYP2E1 (IC₅₀=22.35 μg/mL), CYP1A2 (IC₅₀=23.2 μg/mL) and CYP2C6 (IC₅₀=43.09 μg/mL). Moderate degree of inhibition on CYPs activities was observed in aqueous and total iridoids extracts. Results from transport assay revealed that total flavonoids and alkaloids exhibited significant inhibitory effect on P-gp activity as evidenced by strong inhibition on the efflux of Rhodamine-123 with IC₅₀ of 104.6 and 82.6 μg/mL. But aqueous extract showed weak and iridoids had negligible effect on P-gp activity. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly demonstrated that total flavonoids and alkaloids from HLJDD can significantly inhibit the activities of CYPs and P-gp, which should be taken into consideration to predict any potential HDIs when HLJDD and its bioactive components are co-administered with other therapeutic drugs metabolized by CYPs or transported by P-gp.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/chemistry
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Iridoids/chemistry
- Iridoids/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/enzymology
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi-ming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong-tao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-wei Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bao-Lin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui-Chang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Hasegawa T, Eiki JI, Chiba M. Interindividual variations in metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 3-(6-methylpyridine-3-yl-sulfanyl)-6-(4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-yl-sulfanyl)-N-(1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-2-pyridine carboxamide, a glucokinase activator, in rats caused by the genetic polymorphism of CYP2D1. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1548-55. [PMID: 24924387 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3-(6-Methylpyridine-3-yl-sulfanyl)-6-(4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-yl-sulfanyl)-N-(1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-2-pyridine carboxamide (Cpd-D) is a novel glucokinase activator that is being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Large interindividual variations were observed in the pharmacokinetics of Cpd-D in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were subsequently divided into two phenotypes; >6-fold longer terminal-phase half-life and ∼10-fold larger AUC0-∞ values were observed in slow metabolizers (SM) than in fast metabolizers (FM) after the oral administration of Cpd-D. The thiohydantoic acid analog (M2) was the predominant metabolite detected in the urine, bile, and plasma after the oral administration of [(14)C]Cpd-D to the FM phenotypes of bile-duct cannulated SD rats. The liver microsomes prepared from FM phenotyped rats extensively formed M2 with the highest affinity (Km = 0.09 μM) and largest Vmax/Km value in primary metabolism, whereas those from SM phenotypes had little capacity to form M2. Of the rat cytochrome P450 isoforms tested, the formation of M2 was only catalyzed by recombinant CYP2D1. Sequence substitutions (418A/421C and 418G/421T) were detected in the CYP2D1 gene and were designated F and S alleles, respectively. The genotype-phenotype correlation analysis indicated that two S alleles were homozygous (S/S) in the SM phenotypes, whereas the FM phenotypes were either homozygous for the F-alleles (F/F) or heterozygous (F/S). These results indicated that the CYP2D1 polymorphism caused by nucleotide substitutions (418A/421C versus 418G/421T) was responsible for interindividual variations leading to the polymorphism in the major metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Cpd-D in male SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Hasegawa
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, MSD K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Eiki
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, MSD K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masato Chiba
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, MSD K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Legendre A, Fleury MJ, Allora I, Naudot M, Bricks T, Jacques S, Leclerc E. Cellular Responses of Hepatocytes Induced by Hypothermia: Modulation of Cytokinesis and Drug Metabolism-Related Functions. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/ther.2013.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Legendre
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio Ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Marie-José Fleury
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio Ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Ilaria Allora
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio Ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Marie Naudot
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio Ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Thibault Bricks
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio Ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | | | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio Ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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12
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Iba MM. The Effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) on the Activities of ‘Rat’ CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Phytother Res 2013; 28:150-1. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Iba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Rutgers University; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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