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Juhl OJ, Merife AB, Zhang Y, Lemmon CA, Donahue HJ. Hydroxyapatite Particle Density Regulates Osteoblastic Differentiation Through β-Catenin Translocation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:591084. [PMID: 33490047 PMCID: PMC7820766 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.591084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Substrate surface characteristics such as roughness, wettability and particle density are well-known contributors of a substrate's overall osteogenic potential. These characteristics are known to regulate cell mechanics as well as induce changes in cell stiffness, cell adhesions, and cytoskeletal structure. Pro-osteogenic particles, such as hydroxyapatite, are often incorporated into a substrate to enhance the substrates osteogenic potential. However, it is unknown which substrate characteristic is the key regulator of osteogenesis. This is partly due to the lack of understanding of how these substrate surface characteristics are transduced by cells. In this study substrates composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and carbonated hydroxyapatite particles (HAp) were synthesized. HAp concentration was varied, and a range of surface characteristics created. The effect of each substrate characteristic on osteoblastic differentiation was then examined. We found that, of the characteristics examined, only HAp density, and indeed a specific density (85 particles/cm2), significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation. Further, an increase in focal adhesion maturation and turnover was observed in cells cultured on this substrate. Moreover, β-catenin translocation from the membrane bound cell fraction to the nucleus was more rapid in cells on the 85 particle/cm2 substrate compared to cells on tissue culture polystyrene. Together, these data suggest that particle density is one pivotal factor in determining a substrates overall osteogenic potential. Additionally, the observed increase in osteoblastic differentiation is a at least partly the result of β-catenin translocation and transcriptional activity suggesting a β-catenin mediated mechanism by which substrate surface characteristics are transduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto J Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Anna-Blessing Merife
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Christopher A Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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2
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Klomp JE, Shaaya M, Matsche J, Rebiai R, Aaron JS, Collins KB, Huyot V, Gonzalez AM, Muller WA, Chew TL, Malik AB, Karginov AV. Time-Variant SRC Kinase Activation Determines Endothelial Permeability Response. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1081-1094.e6. [PMID: 31130521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the current model of endothelial barrier regulation, the tyrosine kinase SRC is purported to induce disassembly of endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) via phosphorylation of VE cadherin, and thereby increase junctional permeability. Here, using a chemical biology approach to temporally control SRC activation, we show that SRC exerts distinct time-variant effects on the endothelial barrier. We discovered that the immediate effect of SRC activation was to transiently enhance endothelial barrier function as the result of accumulation of VE cadherin at AJs and formation of morphologically distinct reticular AJs. Endothelial barrier enhancement via SRC required phosphorylation of VE cadherin at Y731. In contrast, prolonged SRC activation induced VE cadherin phosphorylation at Y685, resulting in increased endothelial permeability. Thus, time-variant SRC activation differentially phosphorylates VE cadherin and shapes AJs to fine-tune endothelial barrier function. Our work demonstrates important advantages of synthetic biology tools in dissecting complex signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rima Rebiai
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kerrie B Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Annette M Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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3
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Bai M, Xie J, Liu X, Chen X, Liu W, Wu F, Chen D, Sun Y, Li X, Wang C, Ye L. Microenvironmental Stiffness Regulates Dental Papilla Cell Differentiation: Implications for the Importance of Fibronectin-Paxillin-β-Catenin Axis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26917-26927. [PMID: 30004214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical stiffness of substrates is recognized to be an important physical cue in the microenvironment of local cellular residents in mammalian species due to their great capacity in regulating cell behavior. Dental papilla cells (DPCs) play an important role in the field of dental tissue engineering for their stem cell-like properties. Therefore, it is essential to provide the suitable microenvironment by combining with the physical cues of biomaterials for DPCs to carry out the function of effective tissue regeneration. However, how the substrate stiffness influences the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs is still unclear. Thus, we fabricated poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates with varied stiffness for cell behavior. Both cell morphology and focal adhesion were shown to have significant changes in response to varied stiffness. Paxillin, an important protein adapter of focal adhesion kinase protein, was shown to interact with both ectoplasmic fibronectin and cytoplasmic β-catenin by coimmunoprecipitation. The resultant changes of β-catenin by varied stiffness were confirmed by immunofluorescent stain and western blotting. Further, the higher quantity nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the less phospho-β-catenin on the stiff substrate were detected. This nuclear translocation in the stiff substrate finally led to an increased mineralization of DPCs relative to the soft substrate detected by Von Kossa and Alizarin Red stain. Taken together, this work not only points out that the substrate stiffness can regulate the odontogenic differentiation potential of DPCs via fibronectin/paxillin/β-catenin pathway but also provides significant consequence for biomechanical control of cell behavior in cell-based tooth tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Dian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Yimin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
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Sun Y, Yu X, Li M, Liu J. P44/42 MAPK signal pathway-mediated hyperphosphorylation of paxillin and redistribution of E-cadherin was involved in microcystin-LR-reduced cellular adhesion in a human liver cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:594-602. [PMID: 29505932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most common and toxic variant of microcystins. We hypothesize that p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signal pathway is involved in MC-LR-induced cell adhesion alteration in a human liver cell line-HL7702. We identified that MC-LR constantly activated MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signal pathway for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h in vitro. MC-LR reduced hepatocytes adhesion efficiency. Furthermore, as the focal adhesion biomarker, hyperphosphorylation of paxillin (ser83) was induced by MC-LR, which can be blocked by ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor (U0126) and was enhanced after hepatocytes transfected with pCMV6-MAPK plasmid. E-cadherin, as a biomarker which reflects the dynamic of cell-cell adhesion, its redistribution in hepatocytes was induced by MC-LR, and these redistribution and colocalization can be attenuated by U0126. Furthermore, MC-LR increased the co-localization efficiency of p-ERK1/2 with E-cadherin and paxillin. Finally, MC-LR-induced adhesive alteration of hepatocytes can be blocked by ERK1/2 signal pathway inhibitor. These data suggest ERK1/2-phospho-paxillin (ser83)/E-cadherin axis is involved in MC-LR toxic mechanism, which probably provides adaptive protection against MC-LR-induced hepatocytes adhesion changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xiaomu Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Mo Li
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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5
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Liu Q, Wang J, Tang M, Chen L, Qi X, Li J, Yu J, Qiu H, Wang Y. The overexpression of PXN promotes tumor progression and leads to radioresistance in cervical cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:241-253. [PMID: 29318915 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aim to investigate the functions of PXN in cervical cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS PXN protein was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a panel of cervical cancer. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the efficacy of PXN. RESULTS PXN was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer, which associated with tumor stage, poor differentiation, lymphovascular space invasion and lymphatic metastasis. Knockdown of PXN notably impaired cellular growth and colony formation by suppressing Bcl-2 and inducing marked apoptosis. Moreover, PXN led to resistance to radiation, and downregulation of PXN resensitized C33A cells to radiation. CONCLUSION PXN was frequently upregulated and acted as an oncogene via regulating Bcl-2 in cervical cancer, which supports PXN as a potent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Hospital For Maternal & Child Health Care, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
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6
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Cassandri M, Smirnov A, Novelli F, Pitolli C, Agostini M, Malewicz M, Melino G, Raschellà G. Zinc-finger proteins in health and disease. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17071. [PMID: 29152378 PMCID: PMC5683310 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger proteins (ZNFs) are one of the most abundant groups of proteins and have a wide range of molecular functions. Given the wide variety of zinc-finger domains, ZNFs are able to interact with DNA, RNA, PAR (poly-ADP-ribose) and other proteins. Thus, ZNFs are involved in the regulation of several cellular processes. In fact, ZNFs are implicated in transcriptional regulation, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, signal transduction, actin targeting, DNA repair, cell migration, and numerous other processes. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge of this class of proteins. Firstly, we describe the actual classification of ZNFs, their structure and functions. Secondly, we focus on the biological role of ZNFs in the development of organisms under normal physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Flavia Novelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Consuelo Pitolli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Michal Malewicz
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Giuseppe Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Via Anguillarese, Rome, Italy
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7
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Dragoni S, Hudson N, Kenny BA, Burgoyne T, McKenzie JA, Gill Y, Blaber R, Futter CE, Adamson P, Greenwood J, Turowski P. Endothelial MAPKs Direct ICAM-1 Signaling to Divergent Inflammatory Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4074-4085. [PMID: 28373581 PMCID: PMC5421301 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) is critically dependent on intraendothelial signaling triggered by adhesion to ICAM-1. Here we show that endothelial MAPKs ERK, p38, and JNK mediate diapedesis-related and diapedesis-unrelated functions of ICAM-1 in cerebral and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). All three MAPKs were activated by ICAM-1 engagement, either through lymphocyte adhesion or Ab-mediated clustering. MAPKs were involved in ICAM-1-dependent expression of TNF-α in cerebral and dermal MVECs, and CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, VCAM-1, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in cerebral MVECs. Endothelial JNK and to a much lesser degree p38 were the principal MAPKs involved in facilitating diapedesis of CD4+ lymphocytes across both types of MVECs, whereas ERK was additionally required for TEM across dermal MVECs. JNK activity was critical for ICAM-1-induced F-actin rearrangements. Furthermore, activation of endothelial ICAM-1/JNK led to phosphorylation of paxillin, its association with VE-cadherin, and internalization of the latter. Importantly ICAM-1-induced phosphorylation of paxillin was required for lymphocyte TEM and converged functionally with VE-cadherin phosphorylation. Taken together we conclude that during lymphocyte TEM, ICAM-1 signaling diverges into pathways regulating lymphocyte diapedesis, and other pathways modulating gene expression thereby contributing to the long-term inflammatory response of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dragoni
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Hudson
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget-Ann Kenny
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A McKenzie
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Yadvinder Gill
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Blaber
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E Futter
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Adamson
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenwood
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Patric Turowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
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8
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Birukova AA, Shah AS, Tian Y, Moldobaeva N, Birukov KG. Dual role of vinculin in barrier-disruptive and barrier-enhancing endothelial cell responses. Cell Signal 2016; 28:541-51. [PMID: 26923917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption induced by edemagenic agonists such as thrombin is a result of increased actomyosin contraction and enforcement of focal adhesions (FA) anchoring contracting stress fibers, which leads to cell retraction and force-induced disruption of cell junctions. In turn, EC barrier enhancement by oxidized phospholipids (OxPAPC) and other agonists is a result of increased tethering forces due to enforcement of the peripheral actin rim and enhancement of cell-cell adherens junction (AJ) complexes promoting EC barrier integrity. This study tested participation of the mechanosensitive adaptor, vinculin, which couples FA and AJ to actin cytoskeleton, in control of the EC permeability response to barrier disruptive (thrombin) and barrier enhancing (OxPAPC) stimulation. OxPAPC and thrombin induced different patterns of FA remodeling. Knockdown of vinculin attenuated both, OxPAPC-induced decrease and thrombin-induced increase in EC permeability. Thrombin stimulated the vinculin association with FA protein talin and suppressed the interaction with AJ protein, VE-cadherin. In contrast, OxPAPC stimulated the vinculin association with VE-cadherin. Thrombin and OxPAPC induced different levels of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and caused different patterns of intracellular phospho-MLC distribution. Thrombin-induced talin-vinculin and OxPAPC-induced VE-cadherin-vinculin association were abolished by myosin inhibitor blebbistatin. Expression of the vinculin mutant unable to interact with actin attenuated EC permeability changes and MLC phosphorylation caused by both, thrombin and OxPAPC. These data suggest that the specific vinculin interaction with FA or AJ in different contexts of agonist stimulation is defined by development of regional actyomyosin-based tension and participates in both, the barrier-disruptive and barrier-enhancing endothelial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Birukova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alok S Shah
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nurgul Moldobaeva
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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9
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Petridou NI, Skourides PA. FAK transduces extracellular forces that orient the mitotic spindle and control tissue morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5240. [PMID: 25341507 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle orientation is critical for proper morphogenesis of organs and tissues as well as for the maintenance of tissue morphology. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms linking the cell cortex to the spindle and the well-documented role that extracellular forces play in spindle orientation, how such forces are transduced to the cortex remains poorly understood. Here we report that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is necessary for correct spindle orientation and as a result, indispensable for proper epithelial morphogenesis in the vertebrate embryo. We show that FAK's role in spindle orientation is dependent on its ability to localize at focal adhesions and its interaction with paxillin, but is kinase activity independent. Finally, we present evidence that FAK is required for external force-induced spindle reorientation, suggesting that FAK's involvement in this process stems from a role in the transduction of external forces to the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta I Petridou
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and BioImaging, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, University Ave 1, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Paris A Skourides
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and BioImaging, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, University Ave 1, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
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10
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Ihermann-Hella A, Lume M, Miinalainen IJ, Pirttiniemi A, Gui Y, Peränen J, Charron J, Saarma M, Costantini F, Kuure S. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates branching by remodeling epithelial cell adhesion. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004193. [PMID: 24603431 PMCID: PMC3945187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the growth factor (GF) signaling guiding renal branching is well characterized, the intracellular cascades mediating GF functions are poorly understood. We studied mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway specifically in the branching epithelia of developing kidney by genetically abrogating the pathway activity in mice lacking simultaneously dual-specificity protein kinases Mek1 and Mek2. Our data show that MAPK pathway is heterogeneously activated in the subset of G1- and S-phase epithelial cells, and its tissue-specific deletion results in severe renal hypodysplasia. Consequently to the deletion of Mek1/2, the activation of ERK1/2 in the epithelium is lost and normal branching pattern in mutant kidneys is substituted with elongation-only phenotype, in which the epithelium is largely unable to form novel branches and complex three-dimensional patterns, but able to grow without primary defects in mitosis. Cellular characterization of double mutant epithelium showed increased E-cadherin at the cell surfaces with its particular accumulation at baso-lateral locations. This indicates changes in cellular adhesion, which were revealed by electron microscopic analysis demonstrating intercellular gaps and increased extracellular space in double mutant epithelium. When challenged to form monolayer cultures, the mutant epithelial cells were impaired in spreading and displayed strong focal adhesions in addition to spiky E-cadherin. Inhibition of MAPK activity reduced paxillin phosphorylation on serine 83 while remnants of phospho-paxillin, together with another focal adhesion (FA) protein vinculin, were augmented at cell surface contacts. We show that MAPK activity is required for branching morphogenesis, and propose that it promotes cell cycle progression and higher cellular motility through remodeling of cellular adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lume
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Yujuan Gui
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Peränen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de l'Université Laval, CRCHUQ, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Costantini
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Satu Kuure
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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11
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Chen Y, Yi B, Wang Z, Gu J, Li Y, Cui J, Lu K. Paxillin suppresses the proliferation of HPS rat serum treated PASMCs by up-regulating the expression of cytoskeletal proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:759-66. [PMID: 24457422 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a triad of advanced liver disease, intrapulmonary vasodilatation (IPVD), and arterial hypoxemia. The arterial hypoxemia induces pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR). In recent studies, the role of the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PVR associated with HPS has been established; the changes in cytoskeletal proteins play an essential role in the proliferation of PASMCs. Little is known about the relevance of cytoskeletal protein expression or the molecular mechanisms of PVR associated with HPS. In addition, it has been identified that paxillin could influence the cytoskeletal protein expression by some important signaling pathways in many diseases, including lung cancer and liver cancer. In this study, we found that HPS rat serum from a common bile duct ligation (CBDL) rat model decreased the expression of cytoskeletal proteins (α-actin, α-tubulin, and destrin) and enhanced the expression levels of paxillin mRNA and protein in PASMCs. After silencing paxillin with siRNA, we found that the down-regulation of cytoskeletal protein expression, induced by the HPS rat serum, was reversed. Additionally, we reported that HPS rat serum improved the proliferation of PASMCs and down-regulation of paxillin could significantly inhibit this variation. These findings suggest that the up-regulation of cytoskeletal protein expression, induced by the paxillin, may cause the dysregulation of PASMC proliferation as well as play a fundamental role in PVR associated with HPS. In conclusion, down-regulation of paxillin by siRNA results in the inhibition of the dysregulation of cytoskeletal proteins and proliferation of PASMCs, suggesting a potential therapeutic effect on PVR associated with HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Tian X, Tian Y, Gawlak G, Sarich N, Wu T, Birukova AA. Control of vascular permeability by atrial natriuretic peptide via a GEF-H1-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5168-83. [PMID: 24352660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.493924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT) dynamics is involved in a variety of cell functions, including control of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier. Release of Rho-specific nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 from microtubules activates the Rho pathway of EC permeability. In turn, pathologic vascular leak can be prevented by treatment with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). This study investigated a novel mechanism of vascular barrier protection by ANP via modulation of GEF-H1 function. In pulmonary ECs, ANP suppressed thrombin-induced disassembly of peripheral MT and attenuated Rho signaling and cell retraction. ANP effects were mediated by the Rac1 GTPase effector PAK1. Activation of Rac1-PAK1 promoted PAK1 interaction with the Rho activator GEF-H1, inducing phosphorylation of total and MT-bound GEF-H1 and leading to attenuation of Rho-dependent actin remodeling. In vivo, ANP attenuated lung injury caused by excessive mechanical ventilation and TRAP peptide (TRAP/HTV), which was further exacerbated in ANP(-/-) mice. The protective effects of ANP against TRAP/HTV-induced lung injury were linked to the increased pool of stabilized MT and inactivation of Rho signaling via ANP-induced, PAK1-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of GEF-H1. This study demonstrates a novel protective mechanism of ANP against pathologic hyperpermeability and suggests a novel pharmacological intervention for the prevention of increased vascular leak via PAK1-dependent modulation of GEF-H1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Tian
- From the Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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