1
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Angelini A, Trial J, Saltzman AB, Malovannaya A, Cieslik KA. A defective mechanosensing pathway affects fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in the old male mouse heart. iScience 2023; 26:107283. [PMID: 37520701 PMCID: PMC10372839 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast interacts with an extracellular matrix (ECM), enabling myofibroblast maturation via a process called mechanosensing. Although in the aging male heart, ECM is stiffer than in the young mouse, myofibroblast development is impaired, as demonstrated in 2-D and 3-D experiments. In old male cardiac fibroblasts, we found a decrease in actin polymerization, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Kindlin-2 expressions, the latter an effector of the mechanosensing. When Kindlin-2 levels were manipulated via siRNA interference, young fibroblasts developed an old-like fibroblast phenotype, whereas Kindlin-2 overexpression in old fibroblasts reversed the defective phenotype. Finally, inhibition of overactivated extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the old male fibroblasts rescued actin polymerization and α-SMA expression. Pathological ERK1/2 overactivation was also attenuated by Kindlin-2 overexpression. In contrast, old female cardiac fibroblasts retained an operant mechanosensing pathway. In conclusion, we identified defective components of the Kindlin/ERK/actin/α-SMA mechanosensing axis in aged male fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Angelini
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander B. Saltzman
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katarzyna A. Cieslik
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Ma L, Tian Y, Qian T, Li W, Liu C, Chu B, Kong Q, Cai R, Bai P, Ma L, Deng Y, Tian R, Wu C, Sun Y. Kindlin-2 promotes Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of androgen receptor and contributes to breast cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:482. [PMID: 35595729 PMCID: PMC9122951 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays important roles in breast cancer progression. We show here that Kindlin-2, a focal adhesion protein, is critically involved in the promotion of AR signaling and breast cancer progression. Kindlin-2 physically associates with AR and Src through its two neighboring domains, namely F1 and F0 domains, resulting in formation of a Kindlin-2-AR-Src supramolecular complex and consequently facilitating Src-mediated AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation and signaling. Depletion of Kindlin-2 was sufficient to suppress Src-mediated AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation and signaling, resulting in diminished breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Re-expression of wild-type Kindlin-2, but not AR-binding-defective or Src-binding-defective mutant forms of Kindlin-2, in Kindlin-2-deficient cells restored AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation, signaling, breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, re-introduction of phosphor-mimic mutant AR-Y534D, but not wild-type AR reversed Kindlin-2 deficiency-induced inhibition of AR signaling and breast cancer progression. Finally, using a genetic knockout strategy, we show that ablation of Kindlin-2 from mammary tumors in mouse significantly reduced AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation, breast tumor progression and metastasis in vivo. Our results suggest a critical role of Kindlin-2 in promoting breast cancer progression and shed light on the molecular mechanism through which it functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yeteng Tian
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Tao Qian
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Wenjun Li
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Chengmin Liu
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Bizhu Chu
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Qian Kong
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Renwei Cai
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Panzhu Bai
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Lisha Ma
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yi Deng
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Ruijun Tian
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Ying Sun
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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3
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Lin W, Lin J, Li J, Lin Y, Chen S, Wu Y, Chen L, Cheng H, Liu L, Chen X, Ye Y. Kindlin-2-miR-1258-TCF4 feedback loop promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:372-386. [PMID: 35244769 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulated Kindlin-2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Kindlin-2 in HCC. METHODS Kindlin-2 downstream pathways were explored through microRNA sequencing. The Kindlin-2-miR-1258-TCF4 axis was verified using bisulfite sequencing, a luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and rescue assays. Binding of TCF4 to the Kindlin-2 promoter was confirmed by promoter activity analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS MiRNA sequencing identified miR-1258 as a downstream effector of Kindlin-2. MiR-1258 expression was increased following Kindlin-2 knockdown and decreased after Kindlin-2 overexpression. Next, we identified transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2 or TCF4) as a target of miR-1258 and found that Kindlin-2 upregulated TCF4 expression by epigenetically suppressing miR-1258 in HCC. Furthermore, our results suggest that TCF4 binds to the Kindlin-2 promotor to enhance its transcription. Therefore, Kindlin-2-miR-1258-TCF4 interaction creates a positive feedback loop. Functional assays and animal experiments demonstrated critical roles of miR-1258 and TCF4 in HCC cell migration in vitro and HCC metastasis in vivo. In HCC tissues, Kindlin-2 expression correlated negatively with miR-1258 expression and positively with TCF4 expression. Meanwhile, miR-1258 expression correlated negatively with TCF4 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates a novel integrin-independent signaling pathway, Kindlin-2-miR-1258-TCF4, that regulates HCC invasion and metastasis and identifies Kindlin-2 as a promising therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134, Dong Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Jieyu Li
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134, Dong Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China
| | - Yijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134, Dong Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134, Dong Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134, Dong Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134, Dong Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134, Dong Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yunbin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, No.420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
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4
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Godbout E, Son DO, Hume S, Boo S, Sarrazy V, Clément S, Kapus A, Wehrle-Haller B, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C, Hinz B. Kindlin-2 Mediates Mechanical Activation of Cardiac Myofibroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122702. [PMID: 33348602 PMCID: PMC7766948 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify the focal adhesion protein kindlin-2 as player in a novel mechanotransduction pathway that controls profibrotic cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast activation. Kindlin-2 is co-upregulated with the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibrotic rat hearts and in human cardiac fibroblasts exposed to fibrosis-stiff culture substrates and pro-fibrotic TGF-β1. Stressing fibroblasts using ferromagnetic microbeads, stretchable silicone membranes, and cell contraction agonists all result in kindlin-2 translocation to the nucleus. Overexpression of full-length kindlin-2 but not of kindlin-2 missing a putative nuclear localization sequence (∆NLS kindlin-2) results in increased α-SMA promoter activity. Downregulating kindlin-2 with siRNA leads to decreased myofibroblast contraction and reduced α-SMA expression, which is dependent on CC(A/T)-rich GG(CArG) box elements in the α-SMA promoter. Lost myofibroblast features under kindlin-2 knockdown are rescued with wild-type but not ∆NLS kindlin-2, indicating that myofibroblast control by kindlin-2 requires its nuclear translocation. Because kindlin-2 can act as a mechanotransducer regulating the transcription of α-SMA, it is a potential target to interfere with myofibroblast activation in tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Godbout
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Dong Ok Son
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Stephanie Hume
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Stellar Boo
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincent Sarrazy
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Sophie Clément
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Medical Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (L.B.-T.); (C.H.)
| | - Cristina Has
- Medical Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (L.B.-T.); (C.H.)
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (E.G.); (D.O.S.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-978-8728
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5
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Wang W, Kansakar U, Markovic V, Sossey-Alaoui K. Role of Kindlin-2 in cancer progression and metastasis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:901. [PMID: 32793745 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex and multistep process whereby cancer cells escape the confines of the primary site to establish a new residency at distant sites. This multistep process is also known as the invasion-metastasis cascade. The biological and molecular mechanisms that control the invasion-metastasis cascade, which ultimately leads to the spread of cancer cells into distant sites, remain poorly understood. Kindlin-2 (K2) belongs to the 4.1-ezrin-ridixin-moesin (FERM) domain family of proteins, which interact with the cytoplasmic tails of β-integrin subunits, leading to the activation of extensive biological functions. These biological functions include cell migration, differentiation, cancer initiation, development, and invasion. In this review, we will discuss the various molecular signaling pathways that are regulated by K2 during the invasion-metastasis cascade of cancer tumors. These signaling pathways include TGFβ, Wnt/β-Catenin, Hedgehog, p53 and senescence, and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. We will also discuss the molecular signaling pathways that regulate K2 function both at the transcriptional and the posttranslational levels. Finally, we will consider molecular mechanisms to specifically target K2 as novel therapeutic options for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vesna Markovic
- Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
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6
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Zhan J, Zhang H. Kindlins: Roles in development and cancer progression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:93-103. [PMID: 29544897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Kindlins are FERM domain proteins comprising three members (Kindlin-1, -2 and -3) which are evolutionarily conserved. Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival. In light of more and more evidence point to the importance of Kindlin family members in normal development and human diseases especially in cancers, we aim to portrait the profile of Kindlins in the regulation of embryonic development and cancer progression. We first summarize all the known binding proteins for individual member of Kindlin family. We then outline the Kindlin-regulated signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, TGFβ, EGFR, and Hedgehog signalings. Furthermore, we descript the pivotal role of Kindlins in embryonic development in detail with notions that Kindlin-1 is highly expressed in endo/ectodermal originated tissues, Kindlin-2 is highly expressed in mesoderm-derived tissues and Kindlin-3 is highly expressed in mesoderm- and ectoderm-derived tissues. Deregulation of Kindlins is generally reported in cancers from different organs. We also briefly descript the role of Kindlins in other diseases. Finally, we update the recent understanding of how Kindlins are regulated and modified as well as the degradation mechanism of Kindlins, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhan
- Peking University Health Science Center, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
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7
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Cannonier SA, Gonzales CB, Ely K, Guelcher SA, Sterling JA. Hedgehog and TGFβ signaling converge on Gli2 to control bony invasion and bone destruction in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76062-76075. [PMID: 27738315 PMCID: PMC5340177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. OSCC invasion into the lymph nodes and mandible correlates with increased rates of recurrence and lower overall survival. Tumors that infiltrate mandibular bone proliferate rapidly and induce bone destruction. While survival rates have increased 12% over the last 20 years, this improvement is attributed to general advances in prevention, earlier detection, and updated treatments. Additionally, despite decades of research, the molecular mechanisms of OSCC invasion into the mandible are not well understood. Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP), has been shown to be essential for mandibular invasion in OSCC animal models, and our previous studies demonstrate that the transcription factor Gli2 increases PTHrP expression in tumor metastasis to bone. In OSCC, we investigated regulators of Gli2, including Hedgehog, TGFβ, and Wnt signaling to elucidate how PTHrP expression is controlled. Here we show that canonical Hedgehog and TGFβ signaling cooperate to increase PTHrP expression and mandibular invasion in a Gli2-dependent manner. Additionally, in an orthotopic model of mandibular invasion, inhibition of Gli2 using shRNA resulted in a significant decrease of both PTHrP expression and bony invasion. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that multiple signaling pathways converge on Gli2 to mediate PTHrP expression and bony invasion, highlighting Gli2 as a therapeutic target to prevent bony invasion in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellese A Cannonier
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville TN 37212, USA.,Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232, USA
| | - Cara B Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kim Ely
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232, USA
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville TN 37212, USA.,Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232, USA
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8
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Lin J, Lin W, Ye Y, Wang L, Chen X, Zang S, Huang A. Kindlin-2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis by increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:134. [PMID: 28969700 PMCID: PMC5623973 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Kindlin-2 is a member of the focal adhesion protein family that regulates invasion and metastasis in multiple malignancies; however, little is known about the role of Kindlin-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate Kindlin-2 expression in 177 pairs of human HCC and adjacent liver tissue samples. The role of Kindlin-2 in the in vitro invasion and migration of HCC cell lines was evaluated in MHCC97H, LM3 and SMMC7721 cells. Microarray expression analysis was applied to explore the molecular mechanism through which Kindlin-2 promoted HCC progression. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to verify the microarray results. Results High Kindlin-2 expression was found to significantly correlate with aggressive HCC clinicopathological features including tumor encapsulation, microvascular invasion, extrahepatic metastasis and poor prognosis. In vitro, Kindlin-2 knockout or knockdown inhibited HCC cell adhesion, migration and invasion, while ectopic Kindlin-2 expression promoted these processes. Importantly, Kindlin-2 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and increased β-catenin expression, especially levels of non-phosphorylated β-catenin, as well as two Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway targets, Axin2 and MMP7. Kindlin-2 also induced a change in the expression profile of HCC cells, suggesting the cells underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition. For example, the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was downregulated, while the mesenchymal markers Vimentin, N-cadherin and Snail were upregulated. Conclusion Kindlin-2 promotes HCC invasion, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No.1, Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wansong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Yunbin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Shengbing Zang
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No.1, Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No.1, Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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9
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Rognoni E, Ruppert R, Fässler R. The kindlin family: functions, signaling properties and implications for human disease. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:17-27. [PMID: 26729028 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.161190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kindlin (or fermitin) family of proteins comprises three members (kindlin-1,-2 and -3) of evolutionarily conserved focal adhesion (FA) proteins, whose best-known task is to increase integrin affinity for a ligand (also referred as integrin activation) through binding of β-integrin tails. The consequence of kindlin-mediated integrin activation and integrin-ligand binding is cell adhesion, spreading and migration, assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Another hallmark of kindlins is their involvement in disease. Mutations in the KINDLIN-1 (also known as FERMT1) gene cause Kindler syndrome (KS)--in which mainly skin and intestine are affected, whereas mutations in the KINDLIN-3 (also known as FERMT3) gene cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III (LAD III), which is characterized by impaired extravasation of blood effector cells and severe, spontaneous bleedings. Also, aberrant expression of kindlins in various forms of cancer and in tissue fibrosis has been reported. Although the malfunctioning of integrins represent a major cause leading to kindlin-associated diseases, increasing evidence also point to integrin-independent functions of kindlins that play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain disease aspects. Furthermore, isoform-specific kindlin functions have been discovered, explaining, for example, why loss of kindlins differentially affects tissue stem cell homeostasis or tumor development. This Commentary focuses on new and isoform-specific kindlin functions in different tissues and discusses their potential role in disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Rognoni
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Raphael Ruppert
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
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Abstract
Kindlins are 4.1-ezrin-ridixin-moesin (FERM) domain containing proteins. There are three kindlins in mammals, which share high sequence identity. Kindlin-1 is expressed primarily in epithelial cells, kindlin-2 is widely distributed and is particularly abundant in adherent cells, and kindlin-3 is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells. These distributions are not exclusive; some cells express multiple kindlins, and transformed cells often exhibit aberrant expression, both in the isoforms and the levels of kindlins. Great interest in the kindlins has emerged from the recognition that they play major roles in controlling integrin function. In vitro studies, in vivo studies of mice deficient in kindlins, and studies of patients with genetic deficiencies of kindlins have clearly established that they regulate the capacity of integrins to mediate their functions. Kindlins are adaptor proteins; their function emanate from their interaction with binding partners, including the cytoplasmic tails of integrins and components of the actin cytoskeleton. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of kindlin structure and function, a consideration of their binding partners, and then to focus on the relationship of each kindlin family member with cancer. In view of many correlations of kindlin expression levels and neoplasia and the known association of integrins with tumor progression and metastasis, we consider whether regulation of kindlins or their function would be attractive targets for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Plow
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitali Das
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bialkowska
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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The Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Tumor Induced Bone Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1658-83. [PMID: 26343726 PMCID: PMC4586789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer treatments, tumor induced bone disease continues to cause significant morbidities. While tumors show distinct mutations and clinical characteristics, they behave similarly once they establish in bone. Tumors can metastasize to bone from distant sites (breast, prostate, lung), directly invade into bone (head and neck) or originate from the bone (melanoma, chondrosarcoma) where they cause pain, fractures, hypercalcemia, and ultimately, poor prognoses and outcomes. Tumors in bone secrete factors (interleukins and parathyroid hormone-related protein) that induce RANKL expression from osteoblasts, causing an increase in osteoclast mediated bone resorption. While the mechanisms involved varies slightly between tumor types, many tumors display an increase in Hedgehog signaling components that lead to increased tumor growth, therapy failure, and metastasis. The work of multiple laboratories has detailed Hh signaling in several tumor types and revealed that tumor establishment in bone can be controlled by both canonical and non-canonical Hh signaling in a cell type specific manner. This review will explore the role of Hh signaling in the modulation of tumor induced bone disease, and will shed insight into possible therapeutic interventions for blocking Hh signaling in these tumors.
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Liu Z, Lu D, Wang X, Wan J, Liu C, Zhang H. Kindlin-2 phosphorylation by Src at Y193 enhances Src activity and is involved in Migfilin recruitment to the focal adhesions. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2001-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Guo B, Gao J, Zhan J, Zhang H. Kindlin-2 interacts with and stabilizes EGFR and is required for EGF-induced breast cancer cell migration. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:271-81. [PMID: 25790908 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, migration and tumor invasion. Kindlin-2 has been known as a focal adhesion molecule that binds to integrin to control cell migration and invasion. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Kindlin-2 in breast cancer progression remain elusive. Here we report that Kindlin-2 interacts with EGFR and mediates EGF-induced breast cancer cell migration. We found that EGF treatment dramatically increases Kindlin-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a variety of cancer cells. Inhibitors specific for EGFR or PI3K blocked Kindlin-2 induction by EGF. Importantly, Kindlin-2 interacted with EGFR kinase domain, which was independent of Kindlin-2 binding to integrin cytoplasmic domain. Intriguingly, Kindlin-2 stabilized EGFR protein by blocking its ubiquitination and degradation. Depletion of Kindlin-2 impaired EGF-induced cell migration. Our results demonstrated that Kindlin-2 participates in EGFR signaling and regulates breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianchao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Cooperative integration between HEDGEHOG-GLI signalling and other oncogenic pathways: implications for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17:e5. [PMID: 25660620 PMCID: PMC4836208 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The HEDGEHOG-GLI (HH-GLI) signalling is a key pathway critical in embryonic development, stem cell biology and tissue homeostasis. In recent years, aberrant activation of HH-GLI signalling has been linked to several types of cancer, including those of the skin, brain, lungs, prostate, gastrointestinal tract and blood. HH-GLI signalling is initiated by binding of HH ligands to the transmembrane receptor PATCHED and is mediated by transcriptional effectors that belong to the GLI family, whose activity is finely tuned by a number of molecular interactions and post-translation modifications. Several reports suggest that the activity of the GLI proteins is regulated by several proliferative and oncogenic inputs, in addition or independent of upstream HH signalling. The identification of this complex crosstalk and the understanding of how the major oncogenic signalling pathways interact in cancer is a crucial step towards the establishment of efficient targeted combinatorial treatments. Here we review recent findings on the cooperative integration of HH-GLI signalling with the major oncogenic inputs and we discuss how these cues modulate the activity of the GLI proteins in cancer. We then summarise the latest advances on SMO and GLI inhibitors and alternative approaches to attenuate HH signalling through rational combinatorial therapies.
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15
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Tracing the evolution of FERM domain of Kindlins. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 80:193-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy associated with high mortality. Hedgehog signaling has been found to be important for cell proliferation and tumor growth for multiple cancers, including ovarian cancer. The present study showed that the drug cyclopamine, which blocks the hedgehog signaling pathway, could reduce cancer cell growth and proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. In addition, the silencing of the glioma-associated oncogene (Gli)3, a downstream component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, could further enhance the antitumor effects of cyclopamine. Our results suggest that Gli3 may act as resistance to cyclopamine’s effect on tumor growth. The combined treatment of cyclopamine application and Gli3 silencing therapy, therefore, may provide novel directions for clinical management of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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Hu J, Niu M, Li X, Lu D, Cui J, Xu W, Li G, Zhan J, Zhang H. FERM domain-containing protein FRMD5 regulates cell motility via binding to integrin β5 subunit and ROCK1. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4348-56. [PMID: 25448675 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
FRMD5 is a novel FERM domain-containing protein depicted in tumor progression. However, the mechanisms underlying FRMD5 inhibition of cell migration is largely unknown. Here, we show that FRMD5 regulates cell migration by interacting with integrin β5 cytoplasmic tail and ROCK1 in human lung cancer cells. FRMD5 promotes cell-matrix adhesion and cell spreading on vitronectin, and thus inhibits cell migration. Furthermore, FRMD5 interacts with ROCK1 and inhibits its activation that leads to the inhibition of myosin light chain phosphorylation and the actin stress fiber formation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the putative tumor suppressive protein FRMD5 regulates tumor cell motility via a dual pathway involving FRMD5 binding to integrin β5 tail and to ROCK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Danyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weizhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Moutasim KA, Mellows T, Mellone M, Lopez MA, Tod J, Kiely PC, Sapienza K, Greco A, Neill GW, Violette S, Weinreb PH, Marshall JF, Ottensmeier CH, Sayan AE, Jenei V, Thomas GJ. Suppression of Hedgehog signalling promotes pro-tumourigenic integrin expression and function. J Pathol 2014; 233:196-208. [PMID: 24573955 DOI: 10.1002/path.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signalling has been reported in a number of malignancies, particularly basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. Clinical trials of Hh inhibitors are underway in many cancers, and these have produced significant clinical benefit in BCC patients, although regrowth of new, or clinically aggressive, variants, as well as development of secondary malignancies, has been reported. αvβ6 integrin is expressed in many cancers, where it has been shown to correlate with an aggressive tumour phenotype and poor prognosis. We have previously reported αvβ6 up-regulation in aggressive, morphoeic BCC variants, where it modulates the stromal response and induces invasion. To examine a possible link between Hh and αvβ6 function, we generated BCC models, overexpressing Gli1 in immortalized keratinocytes (NTert1, HaCaT). Unexpectedly, we found that suppressing Gli1 significantly increased αvβ6 expression. This promoted tumour cell motility and also stromal myofibroblast differentiation through integrin-dependent TGF-β1 activation. Gli1 inhibited αvβ6 expression by suppressing TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 activation, blocking a positive feedback loop maintaining high αvβ6 levels. A similar mechanism was observed in AsPC1 pancreatic cancer cells expressing endogenous Gli1, suggesting a common mechanism across tumour types. In vitro findings were supported using human clinical samples, where we showed an inverse correlation between αvβ6 and Gli1 expression in different BCC subtypes and pancreatic cancers. In summary, we show that expression of Gli1 and αvβ6 inversely correlates in tumours in vivo, and Hh targeting up-regulates TGF-β1/Smad2/3-dependent αvβ6 expression, promoting pro-tumourigenic cell functions in vitro. These results have potential clinical significance, given the reported recurrence of BCC variants and secondary malignancies in patients treated by Hh targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karwan A Moutasim
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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He Y, Sonnenwald T, Sprenger A, Hansen U, Dengjel J, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Schmidt G, Has C. RhoA activation by CNFy restores cell-cell adhesion in kindlin-2-deficient keratinocytes. J Pathol 2014; 233:269-80. [PMID: 24615351 DOI: 10.1002/path.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kindlins are a family of integrin adapter and cell-matrix adhesion proteins causally linked to human genetic disorders. Kindlin-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with manifold functions and interactions. The contribution of kindlin-2 to integrin-based cell-matrix adhesions has been extensively explored, while other integrin-independent roles emerge. Because of the early involvement of kindlin-2 in development, no viable animal models with its constitutional knockout are available to study its physiological functions in adult skin. Here, we uncovered a critical physiological role of kindlin-2 in the epidermis by using a skin-equivalent model with shRNA-mediated knock-down of kindlin-2 in keratinocytes. Kindlin-2-deficient keratinocytes built stratified epidermal layers, but displayed impaired dermal-epidermal and intra-epidermal adhesion and barrier function. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that kindlin-2 interacts with both integrin- and cadherin-based adhesions. In kindlin-2-deficient keratinocytes, reduced cell-cell adhesion was associated with abnormal cytoplasmic distribution of adherens junctions and desmosomal proteins, which was dependent on RhoA activation. Direct activation of RhoA with recombinant bacterial cytotoxic necrotizing factor y (CNFy) reverted the abnormal phenotype and barrier function of kindlin-2-deficient keratinocytes and skin equivalents. These findings have physiological and pathological significance, since kindlin-2 expression modulates the phenotype in Kindler syndrome, a skin fragility disorder caused by kindlin-1 deficiency. Our results suggest that pharmacological regulation of RhoGTPase activity may represent a therapeutic option for skin fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Germany
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Guo J, Gao J, Li Z, Gong Y, Man X, Jin J, Wu H. Adenovirus vector-mediated Gli1 siRNA induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer with Smo-dependent or Smo-independent Hh pathway activation in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2013; 339:185-94. [PMID: 23791879 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a core molecular mechanism in pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, the inhibition of upstream Hh signals does not inhibit the growth of a subset of pancreatic cancer (PC). This study was to examine the effect of siRNA targeting Gli1, the downstream component of Hh pathway, on PC cells and to provide some insight into the underlying mechanisms. A Gli1siRNA-expressing adenovirus (Ad-U6-Gli1siRNA) was constructed, and its effect on PC cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Gli1 was expressed in 83.3% (20/24) PC tissues, whereas no expression was found in normal pancreatic ductal epithelium. Gli1 was expressed in SW1990 and CFPAC cells in which Smo was completely absent, as well as in PaTu8988, Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells in which Smo was concomitantly present. Ad-U6-Gli1siRNA induced cell growth inhibition, strong G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in all five human PC cell lines. Meanwhile, Ad-U6-Gli1siRNA significantly suppressed the expression of Gli1, Ptch1 and two target genes, Cyclin D2 and Bcl-2, in all five lines. Furthermore, two tumor xenograft nude mice models were established by subcutaneously injecting Smo-positive Panc-1 cells or Smo-negative SW1990 cells. The in vivo experimental results demonstrated that Ad-U6-Gli1siRNA inhibited the growth of both Panc1-derived and SW1990-derived tumors and induced cell apoptosis. Our study indicates that Gli1-targeting siRNA could induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in PC through knockdown of Gli1 and its target genes; and this method may represent a more effective therapeutic strategy for PC with Smo-dependent or Smo-independent Hh pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Bouvard D, Pouwels J, De Franceschi N, Ivaska J. Integrin inactivators: balancing cellular functions in vitro and in vivo. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:430-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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