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Hou B, Shu M, Liu C, Du Y, Xu C, Jiang H, Hou J, Chen X, Wang L, Wu X. Unveiling the role of UPF3B in hepatocellular carcinoma: Potential therapeutic target. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38889220 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins can regulate nucleotide metabolism and gene expression. UPF3B regulator of nonsense mediated mRNA decay (UPF3B) exhibits dysfunction in cancers. However, its role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still insufficiently understood. Here, we found that UPF3B was markedly upregulated in HCC samples and associated with adverse prognosis in patients. UPF3B dramatically promoted HCC growth both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, UPF3B was found to bind to PPP2R2C, a regulatory subunit of PP2A, boosting its mRNA degradation and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. E2F transcription factor 6 (E2F6) directly binds to the UPF3B promoter to facilitate its transcription. Together, the E2F6/UPF3B/PPP2R2C axis promotes HCC growth through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Hence, it could be a promising therapeutic target for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Min Shu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Chenghao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yunfeng Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Cuicui Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Huijiao Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
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Wu G, Zhang J, Peng R, Cao J, Tu D, Zhou J, Su B, Jin S, Jiang G, Zhang C, Bai D. Establishment of a circRNA-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase signature and nomogram to predict immunotherapeutic efficacy and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:318. [PMID: 38858746 PMCID: PMC11163726 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of malignant tumor where the prognosis is dismal. Circular RNA (CircRNA) is a novel RNA that regulates downstream gene transcription and translation to influence the progression of HCC. However, the regulatory relationship that exists between E3 ligases, which is a class of post-translational modifying proteins, and circRNA remains unclear. METHODS Based on the E3 ubiquitin ligase in the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, a circRNA-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase signature (CRE3UL) was developed. A CRE3UL signature was created using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and Cox regression analysis and merged it with clinicopathologic characteristics to generate a nomogram for prognosis prediction. The pRRophetic algorithm was utilized and immunological checkpoints were analyzed to compare the responses of patients in the high-risk group (HRG) and low-risk group (LRG) to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Finally, experimental research will further elucidate the relationship between E3 ubiquitin ligase signature and HCC. RESULTS HRG patients were found to have a worse prognosis than LRG patients. Furthermore, significant variations in prognosis were observed among different subgroups based on various clinical characteristics. The CRE3UL signature was identified as being an independent prognostic indicator. The nomogram that combined clinical characteristics and the CRE3UL signature was found to accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients and demonstrated greater clinical utility than the current TNM staging approach. According to anticancer medication sensitivity predictions, the tumors of HRG patients were more responsive to gefitinib and nilotinib. From immune-checkpoint markers analysis, immunotherapy was identified as being more probable to assist those in the HRG. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant correlation between the CRE3UL signature and the tumor microenvironment, enabling precise prognosis prediction for HCC patients. Additionally, a nomogram was developed that performs well in predicting the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. This provides valuable guidance for clinicians in devising specific personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoyuan Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingbing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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Kashani E, Vassella E. Pleiotropy of PP2A Phosphatases in Cancer with a Focus on Glioblastoma IDH Wildtype. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5227. [PMID: 36358647 PMCID: PMC9654311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric (or occasionally, heterodimeric) phosphatase with pleiotropic functions and ubiquitous expression. Despite the fact that they all contribute to protein dephosphorylation, multiple PP2A complexes exist which differ considerably by their subcellular localization and their substrate specificity, suggesting diverse PP2A functions. PP2A complex formation is tightly regulated by means of gene expression regulation by transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, a constant competition between PP2A regulatory subunits is taking place dynamically and depending on the spatiotemporal circumstance; many of the integral subunits can outcompete the rest, subjecting them to proteolysis. PP2A modulation is especially important in the context of brain tumors due to its ability to modulate distinct glioma-promoting signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Ras, NF-κb, etc. Furthermore, PP2A is also implicated in DNA repair and survival pathways that are activated upon treatment of glioma cells with chemo-radiation. Depending on the cancer cell type, preclinical studies have shown some promise in utilising PP2A activator or PP2A inhibitors to overcome therapy resistance. This review has a special focus on "glioblastoma, IDH wild-type" (GBM) tumors, for which the therapy options have limited efficacy, and tumor relapse is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kashani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik Vassella
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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Jäger K, Mensch J, Grimmig ME, Neuner B, Gorzelniak K, Türkmen S, Demuth I, Hartmann A, Hartmann C, Wittig F, Sporbert A, Hermann A, Fuellen G, Möller S, Walter M. A conserved long-distance telomeric silencing mechanism suppresses mTOR signaling in aging human fibroblasts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2814. [PMID: 35977016 PMCID: PMC9385144 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of each chromosome. It has been hypothesized that telomere attrition evolved as a tumor suppressor mechanism in large long-lived species. Long telomeres can silence genes millions of bases away through a looping mechanism called telomere position effect over long distances (TPE-OLD). The function of this silencing mechanism is unknown. We determined a set of 2322 genes with high positional conservation across replicatively aging species that includes known and candidate TPE-OLD genes that may mitigate potentially harmful effects of replicative aging. Notably, we identified PPP2R2C as a tumor suppressor gene, whose up-regulation by TPE-OLD in aged human fibroblasts leads to dephosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin suppression. A mechanistic link between telomeres and a tumor suppressor mechanism supports the hypothesis that replicative aging fulfills a tumor suppressor function and motivates previously unknown antitumor and antiaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Jäger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Mensch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Elisabeth Grimmig
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bruno Neuner
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gorzelniak
- Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seval Türkmen
- LNS Hematooncogenetics, National Center of Genetics Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxemburg
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christiane Hartmann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Wittig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Vriend J, Klonisch T. Genes of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System Qualify as Differential Markers in Malignant Glioma of Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Origin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1425-1452. [PMID: 35896929 PMCID: PMC10079750 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have mined public genomic datasets to identify genes coding for components of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) that may qualify as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the three major glioma types, astrocytoma (AS), glioblastoma (GBM), and oligodendroglioma (ODG). In the Sun dataset of glioma (GEO ID: GSE4290), expression of the genes UBE2S and UBE2C, which encode ubiquitin conjugases important for cell-cycle progression, distinguished GBM from AS and ODG. KEGG analysis showed that among the ubiquitin E3 ligase genes differentially expressed, the Notch pathway was significantly over-represented, whereas among the E3 ligase adaptor genes the Hippo pathway was over-represented. We provide evidence that the UPS gene contributions to the Notch and Hippo pathway signatures are related to stem cell pathways and can distinguish GBM from AS and ODG. In the Sun dataset, AURKA and TPX2, two cell-cycle genes coding for E3 ligases, and the cell-cycle gene coding for the E3 adaptor CDC20 were upregulated in GBM. E3 ligase adaptor genes differentially expressed were also over-represented for the Hippo pathway and were able to distinguish classic, mesenchymal, and proneural subtypes of GBM. Also over-expressed in GBM were PSMB8 and PSMB9, genes encoding subunits of the immunoproteasome. Our transcriptome analysis provides a strong rationale for UPS members as attractive therapeutic targets for the development of more effective treatment strategies in malignant glioma. Ubiquitin proteasome system and glioblastoma: E1-ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2-ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3-ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitinated substrates of E3 ligases may be degraded by the proteasome. Expression of genes for specific E2 conjugases, E3 ligases, and genes for proteasome subunits may serve as differential markers of subtypes of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm34, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E0J9, Canada.
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm34, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E0J9, Canada
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Nail AN, McCaffrey LM, Banerjee M, Ferragut Cardoso AP, States JC. Chronic arsenic exposure suppresses ATM pathway activation in human keratinocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 446:116042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Aobchey P, Utama K, Niamsup H, Sangthong P. Gene expression analysis of RCC1, VAV2, RPA3, and SRPK1 for human cervical cancer biomarkers. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Chen S, Chen L, Ye L, Jiang Y, Li Q, Zhang H, Zhang R, Li H, Yu D, Zhang R, Niu Y, Zhao Q, Liu J, Ouyang G, Aschner M, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Chen W, Li D. PP2A-mTOR-p70S6K/4E-BP1 axis regulates M1 polarization of pulmonary macrophages and promotes ambient particulate matter induced mouse lung injury. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127624. [PMID: 34740159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To identify key signaling pathways involved in ambient particulate matter (PM)-induced pulmonary injury, we generated a mouse model with myeloid-specific deletion of Ppp2r1a gene (encoding protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) A subunit), and conducted experiments in a real-ambient PM exposure system. PP2A Aα-/- homozygote (Aα HO) mice and matched wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to PM over 3-week and 6-week. The effects of PM exposure on pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were significantly enhanced in Aα HO compared to WT mice. The number of pulmonary macrophages increased by 74.8~88.0% and enhanced M1 polarization appeared in Aα HO mice upon PM exposure. Secretion of M1 macrophage-related inflammatory cytokines was significantly increased in Aα HO vs. WT mice following PM exposure. Moreover, we demonstrated that PP2A-B56α holoenzyme regulated M1 polarization and that the mTOR signaling pathway mediated the persistent M1 polarization upon PM2.5 exposure. Importantly, PP2A-B56α holoenzyme was shown to complex with mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1, and suppression of B56α led to enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1. These observations demonstrate that the PP2A-mTOR-p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling is a critical pathway in mediating macrophage M1 polarization, which contributes to PM-induced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lizhu Ye
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huiyao Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Ma W, Cao Q, She W. Identification and clinical validation of gene signatures with grade and survival in head and neck carcinomas. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11069. [PMID: 34550272 PMCID: PMC8457684 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e11069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore gene expression profiles that drive malignancy from low- to high-grade head and neck carcinomas (HNC), as well as to analyze their correlations with survival. Gene expressions and clinical data of HNC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. The significantly differential genes (SDGs) between low- and high-grade HNC were screened. Cox regressions were performed to identify prognostic SDGs of progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The genes were experimentally validated by RT-PCR in clinical tissue specimens. Thirty-five SDGs were identified in 47 low-grade and 30 high-grade HNC samples. Cox regression analyses showed that CXCL14, SLC44A1, and UBD were significantly associated with DSS, and PPP2R2C and SLC44A1 were associated with PFS. Patients were grouped into high-risk or low-risk groups for prognosis based on gene signatures. High-risk patients had significantly shorter DSS and PFS than low-risk patients (P=0.033 and P=0.010, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression showed HPV (P=0.033), lymph node status (P=0.032), and residual status (P<0.044) were independent risk factors for PFS. ROC curves showed the risk score had better efficacy to predict survival both for DSS and PFS (AUC=0.858 and AUC=0.901, respectively). The results showed CXCL14 and SLC44A1 were significantly overexpressed in the low-grade HNC tissues and the UBD were overexpressed in the high-grade HNC tissues. Our results suggested that SDGs had different expression profiles between the low-grade and high-grade HNC, and these genes may serve as prognostic biomarkers to predict survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wandong She
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Sandal P, Jong CJ, Merrill RA, Song J, Strack S. Protein phosphatase 2A - structure, function and role in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:270819. [PMID: 34228795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability (ID), autism and schizophrenia, have high socioeconomic impact, yet poorly understood etiologies. A recent surge of large-scale genome or exome sequencing studies has identified a multitude of mostly de novo mutations in subunits of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme that are strongly associated with NDDs. PP2A is responsible for at least 50% of total Ser/Thr dephosphorylation in most cell types and is predominantly found as trimeric holoenzymes composed of catalytic (C), scaffolding (A) and variable regulatory (B) subunits. PP2A can exist in nearly 100 different subunit combinations in mammalian cells, dictating distinct localizations, substrates and regulatory mechanisms. PP2A is well established as a regulator of cell division, growth, and differentiation, and the roles of PP2A in cancer and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, have been reviewed in detail. This Review summarizes and discusses recent reports on NDDs associated with mutations of PP2A subunits and PP2A-associated proteins. We also discuss the potential impact of these mutations on the structure and function of the PP2A holoenzymes and the etiology of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sandal
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Chian Ju Jong
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Ronald A Merrill
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Xia Y, Ying S, Jin R, Wu H, Shen Y, Yin T, Yan F, Zhang W, Lan F, Zhang B, Zhu C, Li C, Li W, Shen H. Application of a classifier combining bronchial transcriptomics and chest computed tomography features facilitates the diagnostic evaluation of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1290-1301. [PMID: 33963762 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer screening by computed tomography (CT) reduces mortality but exhibited high false-positive rates. We established a diagnostic classifier combining chest CT features with bronchial transcriptomics. Patients with CT-detected suspected lung cancer were enrolled. The sample collected by bronchial brushing was used for RNA sequencing. The e1071 and pROC packages in R software was applied to build the model. Eventually, a total of 283 patients, including 183 with lung cancer and 100 with benign lesions, were included into final analysis. When incorporating transcriptomic data with radiological characteristics, the advanced model yielded 0.903 AUC with 81.1% NPV. Moreover, the classifier performed well regardless of lesion size, location, stage, histologic type or smoking status. Pathway analysis showed enhanced epithelial differentiation, tumor metastasis, and impaired immunity were predominant in smokers with cancer, whereas tumorigenesis played a central role in nonsmokers with cancer. Apoptosis and oxidative stress contributed critically in metastatic lung cancer; by contrast, immune dysfunction was pivotal in locally advanced lung cancer. Collectively, we devised a minimal-to-noninvasive, efficient diagnostic classifier for smokers and nonsmokers with lung cancer, which provides evidence for different mechanisms of cancer development and metastasis associated with smoking. A negative classifier result will help the physician make conservative diagnostic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Hangzhou Mitigenomics Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Hangzhou Mitigenomics Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fugui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hangzhou Mitigenomics Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Thomas PB, Jeffery P, Gahete MD, Whiteside E, Walpole C, Maugham M, Jovanovic L, Gunter J, Williams E, Nelson C, Herington A, Luque RM, Veedu R, Chopin LK, Seim I. The long non-coding RNA GHSROS reprograms prostate cancer cell lines toward a more aggressive phenotype. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10280. [PMID: 33585078 PMCID: PMC7860111 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now appreciated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important players in orchestrating cancer progression. In this study we characterized GHSROS, a human lncRNA gene on the opposite DNA strand (antisense) to the ghrelin receptor gene, in prostate cancer. The lncRNA was upregulated by prostate tumors from different clinical datasets. Transcriptome data revealed that GHSROS alters the expression of cancer-associated genes. Functional analyses in vitro showed that GHSROS mediates tumor growth, migration and survival, and resistance to the cytotoxic drug docetaxel. Increased cellular proliferation of GHSROS-overexpressing PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines in vitro was recapitulated in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Conversely, in vitro antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of the lncRNA reciprocally regulated cell growth and migration, and gene expression. Notably, GHSROS modulates the expression of PPP2R2C, the loss of which may drive androgen receptor pathway-independent prostate tumor progression in a subset of prostate cancers. Collectively, our findings suggest that GHSROS can reprogram prostate cancer cells toward a more aggressive phenotype and that this lncRNA may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eliza Whiteside
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raul M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rakesh Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Advani D, Gupta R, Tripathi R, Sharma S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Protective role of anticancer drugs in neurodegenerative disorders: A drug repurposing approach. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104841. [PMID: 32853752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disease heterogeneity and little therapeutic progress in neurodegenerative diseases justify the need for novel and effective drug discovery approaches. Drug repurposing is an emerging approach that reinvigorates the classical drug discovery method by divulging new therapeutic uses of existing drugs. The common biological background and inverse tuning between cancer and neurodegeneration give weight to the conceptualization of repurposing of anticancer drugs as novel therapeutics. Many studies are available in the literature, which highlights the success story of anticancer drugs as repurposed therapeutics. Among them, kinase inhibitors, developed for various oncology indications evinced notable neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we shed light on the salient role of multiple protein kinases in neurodegenerative disorders. We also proposed a feasible explanation of the action of kinase inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders with more attention towards neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of neurotoxicity associated with some anticancer drugs is also highlighted. Our review encourages further research to better encode the hidden potential of anticancer drugs with the aim of developing prospective repurposed drugs with no toxicity for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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14
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Seo J, Park M. Molecular crosstalk between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2659-2680. [PMID: 31884567 PMCID: PMC7326806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The progression of cancers and neurodegenerative disorders is largely defined by a set of molecular determinants that are either complementarily deregulated, or share remarkably overlapping functional pathways. A large number of such molecules have been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of both diseases. In this review, we particularly discuss our current knowledge on p53, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, Pin1 and protein phosphatase 2A, and their implications in the shared or distinct pathways that lead to cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we focus on the inter-dependent regulation of brain cancers and neurodegeneration, mediated by intercellular communication between tumor and neuronal cells in the brain through the extracellular microenvironment. Finally, we shed light on the therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of both cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Seo
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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15
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Leonard D, Huang W, Izadmehr S, O'Connor CM, Wiredja DD, Wang Z, Zaware N, Chen Y, Schlatzer DM, Kiselar J, Vasireddi N, Schüchner S, Perl AL, Galsky MD, Xu W, Brautigan DL, Ogris E, Taylor DJ, Narla G. Selective PP2A Enhancement through Biased Heterotrimer Stabilization. Cell 2020; 181:688-701.e16. [PMID: 32315618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of protein phosphatases, including the family of serine/threonine phosphatases designated PP2A, is essential for the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. The ability of PP2A to dephosphorylate hundreds of proteins is regulated by over 40 specificity-determining regulatory "B" subunits that compete for assembly and activation of heterogeneous PP2A heterotrimers. Here, we reveal how a small molecule, DT-061, specifically stabilizes the B56α-PP2A holoenzyme in a fully assembled, active state to dephosphorylate selective substrates, such as its well-known oncogenic target, c-Myc. Our 3.6 Å structure identifies molecular interactions between DT-061 and all three PP2A subunits that prevent dissociation of the active enzyme and highlight inherent mechanisms of PP2A complex assembly. Thus, our findings provide fundamental insights into PP2A complex assembly and regulation, identify a unique interfacial stabilizing mode of action for therapeutic targeting, and aid in the development of phosphatase-based therapeutics tailored against disease specific phospho-protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leonard
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Caitlin M O'Connor
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danica D Wiredja
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- PEPCC Facility, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniela M Schlatzer
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Janna Kiselar
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nikhil Vasireddi
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stefan Schüchner
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Abbey L Perl
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David L Brautigan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Egon Ogris
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Derek J Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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RNA-seq Reveals Dysregulation of Novel Melanocyte Genes upon Oxidative Stress: Implications in Vitiligo Pathogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2841814. [PMID: 31871544 PMCID: PMC6913168 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2841814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to induce melanocyte death, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. To identify oxidative stress-induced global gene expression changes in melanocytes, we treated PIG1 melanocytes with H2O2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and performed RNA-seq. This approach allowed us to capture the events occurring early as well as late phase after treatment with H2O2. Our bioinformatics analysis identified differentially expressed genes involved in various biological processes of melanocytes which are known to contribute to the vitiligo development, such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, immune and inflammatory responses, melanocyte pluripotency, and developmental signaling such as WNT and NOTCH pathways. We uncovered several novel genes that are not previously described to be involved in melanocytic response to stress nor in vitiligo pathogenesis. Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis of selected proteins, performed on PIG1 and primary human epidermal melanocytes, confirmed the RNA-seq data. Interestingly, we discovered an aberrant regulation of several transcription factors that are involved in diabetes, neurological, and psychiatric diseases, all of which are comorbid conditions in patients with vitiligo. Our results may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying vitiligo pathogenesis and help developing new drug targets for effective treatment.
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17
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Kimura R, Nakata M, Funabiki Y, Suzuki S, Awaya T, Murai T, Hagiwara M. An epigenetic biomarker for adult high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13662. [PMID: 31541176 PMCID: PMC6754433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, several studies have attempted to identify epigenetic biomarkers for ASD. However, reliable markers remain to be established and most of these studies have focused on pediatric patients with ASD. In this study, we sought to find an epigenetic DNA methylation biomarker from peripheral blood for adult patients with high-functioning ASD. DNA methylation profiles were analyzed using the Illumina 450 K methylation array. To identify robust candidate markers, we employed two types of machine-learning algorithms for marker selection. We identified a potential marker (cg20793532) for which is the AUC value was 0.79. Notably, cg20793532 was annotated to the PPP2R2C gene, which was hypermethylated and down-regulated in blood from ASD patients compared to that in the controls. Although requiring careful interpretation, this pilot study seems to provide a potential blood biomarker for identifying individuals with high-functioning ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Nakata
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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18
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Protein Phosphatases-A Touchy Enemy in the Battle Against Glioblastomas: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020241. [PMID: 30791455 PMCID: PMC6406705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor arising from brain parenchyma. Although many efforts have been made to develop therapies for GBM, the prognosis still remains poor, mainly because of the difficulty in total resection of the tumor mass from brain tissue and the resistance of the residual tumor against standard chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, novel adjuvant therapies are urgently needed. Recent genome-wide analyses of GBM cases have clarified molecular signaling mechanisms underlying GBM biology. However, results of clinical trials targeting phosphorylation-mediated signaling have been unsatisfactory to date. Protein phosphatases are enzymes that antagonize phosphorylation signaling by dephosphorylating phosphorylated signaling molecules. Recently, the critical roles of phosphatases in the regulation of oncogenic signaling in malignant tumor cells have been reported, and tumorigenic roles of deregulated phosphatases have been demonstrated in GBM. However, a detailed mechanism underlying phosphatase-mediated signaling transduction in the regulation of GBM has not been elucidated, and such information is necessary to apply phosphatases as a therapeutic target for GBM. This review highlights and summarizes the phosphatases that have crucial roles in the regulation of oncogenic signaling in GBM cells.
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19
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Raman D, Pervaiz S. Redox inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A: Potential implications in oncogenesis and its progression. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101105. [PMID: 30686777 PMCID: PMC6859563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes are dictated by the active signaling of proteins relaying messages to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell communications. An intricate web of protein kinases and phosphatases are critical to the proper transmission of signals across such cascades. By governing 30–50% of all protein dephosphorylation in the cell, with prominent substrate proteins being key regulators of signaling cascades, the phosphatase PP2A has emerged as a celebrated player in various developmental and tumorigenic pathways, thereby posing as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in various pathologies wherein its activity is deregulated. This review is mainly focused on refreshing our understanding of the structural and functional complexity that cocoons the PP2A phosphatase, and its expression in cancers. Additionally, we focus on its physiological regulation as well as into recent advents and strategies that have shown promise in countering the deregulation of the phosphatase through its targeted reactivation. Finally, we dwell upon one of the key regulators of PP2A in cancer cells-cellular redox status-its multifarious nature, and its integration into the reactome of PP2A, highlighting some of the significant impacts that ROS can inflict on the structural modifications and functional aspect of PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Daily JW, Liu M, Park S. High genetic risk scores of SLIT3, PLEKHA5 and PPP2R2C variants increased insulin resistance and interacted with coffee and caffeine consumption in middle-aged adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:79-89. [PMID: 30454882 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Insulin resistance is a common feature of metabolic syndrome that may be influenced by genetic risk factors. We hypothesized that genetic risk scores (GRS) of SNPs that influence insulin resistance and signaling interact with lifestyles to modulate insulin resistance in Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of subjects aged 40-65 years who participated in the Ansung/Ansan cohorts (8842 adults) in Korea revealed 52 genetic variants that influence insulin resistance. The best gene-gene interaction model was explored using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. GRS from the best model were calculated and the GRS were divided into low, medium and high groups. The best model for representing insulin resistance included SLIT3_rs2974430, PLEKHA5_rs1077044, and PPP2R2C_rs16838853. The odds ratios for insulin resistance were increased by 150% in the High-GRS group compared to the Low-GRS group. However, ORs for insulin secretion capacity, measured by HOMA-B, were not associated with GRS. Coffee and caffeine intake and GRS had an interaction with insulin resistance: In subjects with high coffee (≥10 cups/week) or caffeine intake (≥220 mg caffeine/day), insulin resistance was significantly elevated in the High-GRS group, but not in the Low-GRS. However, alcohol intake, smoking and physical activity did not have an interaction with GRS. Insulin secretion capacity was not significantly influenced by GRS when evaluating the adjusted odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with High-GRS may be susceptible to increased insulin resistance by 50% and its risk may be exacerbated by consuming more than 10 cups coffee/week or 220 mg caffeine/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Daily
- Dept. of R&D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, NC, USA
| | - M Liu
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - S Park
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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21
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Ueda T, Kohama Y, Sakurai H. IER family proteins are regulators of protein phosphatase PP2A and modulate the phosphorylation status of CDC25A. Cell Signal 2018; 55:81-89. [PMID: 30599213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteins encoded by immediate-early response (IER) family genes, IER2, IER5, and IER5L, share homology at their N-terminal regions. IER5 binds to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and enhances dephosphorylation of PP2A target proteins such as heat shock factor HSF1. Here, we show the expression of IER family genes and the target protein-specific function of IER proteins. The IER homology regions of IER2 and IER5L are required for the interaction with PP2A. Expression of IER2 and IER5L in cells leads to reduced phosphorylation of HSF1 and derepression of its transcriptional activity. Although IER5 and IER5L enhance dephosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase, IER2 fails to do so. IER2, IER5, and IER5L all bind to the cell cycle regulator CDC25A and convert it to the hypophosphorylated form, which causes dissociation from 14-3-3 regulatory protein. IER5 differentially regulates CDC25A levels in cells under normal and thermal stress conditions. These results suggest that IER proteins are target protein-specific regulators of PP2A activity and modulate cell proliferation through CDC25A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ueda
- Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Yuri Kohama
- Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan.
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Herviou L, Kassambara A, Boireau S, Robert N, Requirand G, Müller-Tidow C, Vincent L, Seckinger A, Goldschmidt H, Cartron G, Hose D, Cavalli G, Moreaux J. PRC2 targeting is a therapeutic strategy for EZ score defined high-risk multiple myeloma patients and overcome resistance to IMiDs. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:121. [PMID: 30285865 PMCID: PMC6171329 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease with a poor survival, characterized by the accumulation of myeloma cells (MMCs) within the bone marrow. Epigenetic modifications in MM are associated not only with cancer development and progression, but also with drug resistance. METHODS We identified a significant upregulation of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core genes in MM cells in association with proliferation. We used EPZ-6438, a specific small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity, to evaluate its effects on MM cells phenotype and gene expression prolile. RESULTS PRC2 targeting results in growth inhibition due to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis together with polycomb, DNA methylation, TP53, and RB1 target genes induction. Resistance to EZH2 inhibitor is mediated by DNA methylation of PRC2 target genes. We also demonstrate a synergistic effect of EPZ-6438 and lenalidomide, a conventional drug used for MM treatment, activating B cell transcription factors and tumor suppressor gene expression in concert with MYC repression. We establish a gene expression-based EZ score allowing to identify poor prognosis patients that could benefit from EZH2 inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PRC2 targeting in association with IMiDs could have a therapeutic interest in MM patients characterized by high EZ score values, reactivating B cell transcription factors, and tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Boireau
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Robert
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guilhem Requirand
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laure Vincent
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- UFR de Médecine, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR CNRS 5235, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- UFR de Médecine, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi-CHRU de Montpellier, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
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Kolupaeva V. Serine-threonine protein phosphatases: Lost in translation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:83-89. [PMID: 30401537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein synthesis is one of the most complex and energy-consuming processes in eukaryotic cells and therefore is tightly regulated. One of the main mechanisms of translational control is post-translational modifications of the components of translational apparatus. Phosphorylation status of translation factors depends on the balanced action of kinases and phosphatases. While many kinase-dependent events are well defined, phosphatases that counteract phosphorylation are rarely determined. This mini-review focuses on the regulation of activity of translational initiation factors by serine/threonine phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kolupaeva
- NYU College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, 345 E 24th St, New York, NY 10010, United States of America.
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24
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Meeusen B, Janssens V. Tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention and tumor stratification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:98-134. [PMID: 29031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, and in many cases a prerequisite to sustain tumor development and progression. Like protein kinases, protein phosphatases are key regulators of cell signaling. However, their contribution to aberrant signaling in cancer cells is overall less well appreciated, and therefore, their clinical potential remains largely unexploited. In this review, we provide an overview of tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer. Along their mechanisms of inactivation in defined cancer contexts, we give an overview of their functional roles in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to their tumor suppressive abilities. Finally, we discuss their emerging roles as predictive or prognostic markers, their potential as synthetic lethality targets, and the current feasibility of their reactivation with pharmacologic compounds as promising new cancer therapies. We conclude that their inclusion in clinical practice has obvious potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcome in various ways, and should now definitely be pushed forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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Yan L, Cai K, Liang J, Liu H, Liu Y, Gui J. Interaction between miR-572 and PPP2R2C, and their effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:578-584. [PMID: 28525724 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the how miR-572 regulates PPP2R2C, and studied the effects of miR-572 and PPP2R2C on proliferation and migration as well as invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. NPC tissues and normal tissues were collected, and the expressions of miR-572 and PPP2R2C were detected by real-time PCR. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of PPP2R2C protein. The target relationship between miR-572 and PPP2R2C was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. MTT assay and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the viability and apoptosis levels of NPC cells. Transwell as well as wound healing assays were used, respectively, to detect the invasiveness and migration of NPC cells. MiR-572 was highly expressed in NPC tissues as well as NPC cells, and there was lower expression of PPP2R2C in NPC tissues compared with normal samples. MiR-572 could bind to the 3' UTR of PPP2R2C and decrease its expression. Over-expressed miR-572 and decreased PPP2R2C expression could both inhibit proliferation and invasion and induce apoptosis of NPC cells. Thus, miR-572 promotes the proliferation and invasion of NPC by directly down-regulating PPP2R2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerui Cai
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liang
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- b Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- c Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, No. 3 Tongxiang Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiu Gui
- c Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, No. 3 Tongxiang Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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26
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Protein Phosphatase 2A: a Double-Faced Phosphatase of Cellular System and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1750-1761. [PMID: 28224476 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase, is a vitally important phosphatase for the cellular system. Structurally, it is constituted of three different subunits, namely catalytic subunit (PP2Ac), structural scaffold subunit (PP2A-A), and regulatory subunit (PP2A-B). All subunits have various isoforms, and catalytic and scaffold subunits are ubiquitously expressed, whereas regulatory subunits are more specific to tissue and cell type. It is the numerous possibilities of PP2A holoenzyme assembly with varying isoform components that make it possess a dual nature of activator or the inhibitory character in different signaling pathways, namely neural developmental pathways, Akt/protein kinase B pathway, NF-kB pathway, MAPK pathway, apoptosis pathway, and cell cycle progression to name a few. Importantly, the expression of PP2A in the brain is highest among the serine phosphatases and is known to actively participate in the neural development process. However, the exact mechanism of action of PP2A is still debated and enunciating the holoenzyme components, especially the regulatory subunit of PP2A involved in regulating neural developmental process is still poorly understood. In this review, we try to throw some light on the involvement of various PP2A holoenzyme forms in the process of neurogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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27
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Bi D, Ning H, Liu S, Que X, Ding K. miR-1301 promotes prostate cancer proliferation through directly targeting PPP2R2C. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Sangodkar J, Farrington C, McClinch K, Galsky MD, Kastrinsky DB, Narla G. All roads lead to PP2A: exploiting the therapeutic potential of this phosphatase. FEBS J 2016; 283:1004-24. [PMID: 26507691 PMCID: PMC4803620 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. A confirmed tumor suppressor protein, PP2A is genetically altered or functionally inactivated in many cancers highlighting a need for its therapeutic reactivation. In this review we discuss recent literature on PP2A: the elucidation of its structure and the functions of its subunits, and the identification of molecular lesions and post-translational modifications leading to its dysregulation in cancer. A final section will discuss the proteins and small molecules that modulate PP2A and how these might be used to target dysregulated forms of PP2A to treat cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Sangodkar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Farrington
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly McClinch
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D. Galsky
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B. Kastrinsky
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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29
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Fontanillo M, Köhn M. Phosphatases: Their Roles in Cancer and Their Chemical Modulators. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 917:209-40. [PMID: 27236558 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases are involved in basically all cellular processes by dephosphorylating cellular components such as proteins, phospholipids and second messengers. They counteract kinases of which many are established oncogenes, and therefore kinases are one of the most important drug targets for targeted cancer therapy. Due to this relationship between kinases and phosphatases, phosphatases are traditionally assumed to be tumour suppressors. However, research findings over the last years prove that this simplification is incorrect, as bona-fide and putative phosphatase oncogenes have been identified. We describe here the role of phosphatases in cancer, tumour suppressors and oncogenes, and their chemical modulators, and discuss new approaches and opportunities for phosphatases as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Fontanillo
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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MiR-572 prompted cell proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing PPP2R2C expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:92-7. [PMID: 26796271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most common types of malignant cancer, and the molecular mechanism underlying its proliferation is still largely unclear. It is reported that microRNAs acted as important regulators of cell proliferation by regulating its targeted gene. In this study, our result showed that miR-572 was markedly upregulated in OC cell lines and clinical tissues. Results of both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments revealed that upregulation of miR-572 expression dramatically promoted OC cell proliferation, whereas decreased miR-572 expression significantly reduced cell proliferation. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays further revealed PPP2R2C, a putative tumor suppressor as a potential target of miR-572. Moreover, silencing of PPP2R2C using small interfering RNA (siRNA) counteracted the proliferation arrest by miR-572-in in OC cells. In sum, our data provide that miR-572 promoted cell proliferation in OC by targeting PPP2R2C and might serve as a therapeutic target of OC.
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31
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Immediate-early response 5 (IER5) interacts with protein phosphatase 2A and regulates the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase and heat shock factor 1. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3679-85. [PMID: 26496226 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immediate-early response 5 (IER5) is a growth factor-inducible protein with homology to the N-terminus of IER2. Deletion analysis shows that a large region of IER5, including the N-terminal region, is involved in cell growth and stress resistance. The N-terminal region mediates IER5 oligomerization and binding to the B55 regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). IER5 physically interacts with the PP2A target proteins ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and the interactions are essential for the reduced phosphorylation of S6K and HSF1. Our data indicate that oligomeric IER5 regulates PP2A activity and cell growth.
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32
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Routila J, Mäkelä JA, Luukkaa H, Leivo I, Irjala H, Westermarck J, Mäkitie A, Ventelä S. Potential role for inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A tumor suppressor in salivary gland malignancies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:69-81. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Routila
- The Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Tykistökatu BioCity Turku FI-20521 Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Department of Physiology; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 Turku FI-20520 Finland
| | - Heikki Luukkaa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Turku University Hospital; Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 Turku FI-20521 Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 Turku FI-20520 Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Turku University Hospital; Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 Turku FI-20521 Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- The Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Tykistökatu BioCity Turku FI-20521 Finland
- Department of Pathology; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 Turku FI-20520 Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; HUCH Helsinki FI-00029 Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- The Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Tykistökatu BioCity Turku FI-20521 Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Turku University Hospital; Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 Turku FI-20521 Finland
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Zhi F, Wang Q, Xue L, Shao N, Wang R, Deng D, Wang S, Xia X, Yang Y. The Use of Three Long Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Prognostic Indicators of Astrocytoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135242. [PMID: 26252651 PMCID: PMC4529097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed and play a key role in tumorigenesis. The aim of the study was to determine the lncRNA expression profile in astrocytomas and to assess its potential clinical value. We performed a three-step analysis to establish the lncRNA profile for astrocytoma: a) the lncRNA expression was examined on 3 astrocytomas as well as 3 NATs (normal adjacent tissues) using the lncRNA microarray; b) the top-hits were validated in 40 astrocytomas (WHO grade II-IV) by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR); c) the hits with significant differences were re-evaluated using qRT-PCR in 90 astrocytomas. Finally, 7 lncRNAs were found to have a significantly different expression profile in astrocytoma samples compared to the NAT samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis further revealed the potential of the 7-lncRNA profile to differentiate between tumors and NAT samples. The upregulation of ENST00000545440 and NR_002809 was associated with advanced clinical stages of astrocytoma. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we showed that the low expression of BC002811 or XLOC_010967, or the high expression of NR_002809 was significantly associated with poor patient survival. Moreover, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that this prognostic impact was independent of other clinicopathological factors. Our results indicate that the lncRNA profile may be a potential prognostic biomarker for the prediction of post-surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhi
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danni Deng
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suinuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiwei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (XX)
| | - Yilin Yang
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (XX)
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Li YN, Cao YQ, Wu X, Han GS, Wang LX, Zhang YH, Chen X, Hao B, Yue ZJ, Liu JM. The association between Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) and gamma isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 of PP2A (B55gamma) contributes to the survival of glioma cells under glucose depletion through inhibiting the phosphorylation of S6K. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:21. [PMID: 25792973 PMCID: PMC4365562 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PPP2R2C encodes a gamma isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily consisting PP2A heterotrimeric with A and C subunits. Currently, the precise functions of B55gamma in cancer are still under investigating. In this project, we reported a novel function of B55gamma in the regulation of glucose metabolism in Glioma cells. Methods Western blot and immunoprecipitation were performed to determine protein expression and interaction. Cell viability was measured by Typan Blue staining and direct cell counting using hematocytometer. siRNA technology was used to down regulate protein expression. Results Glucose uptake and lactate product were suppressed by overexpression of B55gamma in Glioma cells. In addition, cancer cells with larger amount of B55gamma showed higher survival advantages in response to glucose starvation through the dephosphorylation of S6K. From proteomic analysis, we found B55gamma binds with and up regulates SIK2 through the stabilization of SIK2 protein which is required for the B55gamma-mediated suppression of S6K pathway. Knocking down of SIK2 in B55gamma over expressing cells recovered the phosphorylation of S6K. Conclusion In summary, our project will provide novel insight into the design and development of therapeutic strategies to target the B55gamma-mediated glucose metabolism for the treatment of human brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yi-Qun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Guo-Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Lai-Xing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
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