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Wei Y, Sandhu E, Yang X, Yang J, Ren Y, Gao X. Bidirectional Functional Effects of Staphylococcus on Carcinogenesis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122353. [PMID: 36557606 PMCID: PMC9783839 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a Gram-positive cocci existing in nature, Staphylococcus has a variety of species, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, etc. Growing evidence reveals that Staphylococcus is closely related to the occurrence and development of various cancers. On the one hand, cancer patients are more likely to suffer from bacterial infection and antibiotic-resistant strain infection compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, there exists an association between staphylococcal infection and carcinogenesis. Staphylococcus often plays a pathogenic role and evades the host immune system through surface adhesion molecules, α-hemolysin, PVL (Panton-Valentine leukocidin), SEs (staphylococcal enterotoxins), SpA (staphylococcal protein A), TSST-1 (Toxic shock syndrom toxin-1) and other factors. Staphylococcal nucleases (SNases) are extracellular nucleases that serve as genomic markers for Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, a human homologue of SNases, SND1 (staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain-containing 1), has been recognized as an oncoprotein. This review is the first to summarize the reported basic and clinical evidence on staphylococci and neoplasms. Investigations on the correlation between Staphylococcus and the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of breast, skin, oral, colon and other cancers, are made from the perspectives of various virulence factors and SND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Wei
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Esha Sandhu
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (X.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-022-83336806 (X.G.)
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (X.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-022-83336806 (X.G.)
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2
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Gutierrez‐Beltran E, Elander PH, Dalman K, Dayhoff GW, Moschou PN, Uversky VN, Crespo JL, Bozhkov PV. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease is a docking platform for stress granule components and is essential for SnRK1 activation in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105043. [PMID: 34287990 PMCID: PMC8447601 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (TSN; also known as Tudor-SN, p100, or SND1) is a multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved regulator of gene expression, exhibiting cytoprotective activity in animals and plants and oncogenic activity in mammals. During stress, TSN stably associates with stress granules (SGs), in a poorly understood process. Here, we show that in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, TSN is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) acting as a scaffold for a large pool of other IDPs, enriched for conserved stress granule components as well as novel or plant-specific SG-localized proteins. While approximately 30% of TSN interactors are recruited to stress granules de novo upon stress perception, 70% form a protein-protein interaction network present before the onset of stress. Finally, we demonstrate that TSN and stress granule formation promote heat-induced activation of the evolutionarily conserved energy-sensing SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1), the plant orthologue of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results establish TSN as a docking platform for stress granule proteins, with an important role in stress signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gutierrez‐Beltran
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y FotosíntesisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)‐Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología MolecularFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Pernilla H Elander
- Department of Molecular SciencesUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Kerstin Dalman
- Department of Molecular SciencesUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Guy W Dayhoff
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Art and SciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ HellasHeraklionGreece
- Department of Plant BiologyUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CreteHeraklionGreece
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of SciencesFederal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”PushchinoRussia
| | - Jose L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y FotosíntesisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)‐Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular SciencesUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
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3
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Alluri RK, Li Z, McCrae KR. Stress Granule-Mediated Oxidized RNA Decay in P-Body: Hypothetical Role of ADAR1, Tudor-SN, and STAU1. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:672988. [PMID: 34150849 PMCID: PMC8211916 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.672988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under oxidative stress (OS) cause oxidative damage to RNA. Recent studies have suggested a role for oxidized RNA in several human disorders. Under the conditions of oxidative stress, mRNAs released from polysome dissociation accumulate and initiate stress granule (SG) assembly. SGs are highly enriched in mRNAs, containing inverted repeat (IR) Alus in 3′ UTRs, AU-rich elements, and RNA-binding proteins. SGs and processing bodies (P-bodies) transiently interact through a docking mechanism to allow the exchange of RNA species. However, the types of RNA species exchanged, and the mechanisms and outcomes of exchange are still unknown. Specialized RNA-binding proteins, including adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1-p150), with an affinity toward inverted repeat Alus, and Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) are specifically recruited to SGs under OS along with an RNA transport protein, Staufen1 (STAU1), but their precise biochemical roles in SGs and SG/P-body docking are uncertain. Here, we critically review relevant literature and propose a hypothetical mechanism for the processing and decay of oxidized-RNA in SGs/P-bodies, as well as the role of ADAR1-p150, Tudor-SN, and STAU1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Alluri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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4
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Ao J, Ma Z, Li R, Zhang S, Gao X, Zhang M. Phospho-Tudor-SN coordinates with STAT5 to regulate prolactin-stimulated milk protein synthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1161-1169. [PMID: 33849380 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1879824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) participates in milk synthesis and cell proliferation in response to prolactin (PRL) and plays a regulatory role on mTOR phosphorylation. However, the complicated molecular mechanism of Tudor-SN regulating milk protein synthesis and cell proliferation still remains to be illustrated. In present study, we observed that the proteins level of phosphorylated Tudor-SN and phosphorylated STAT5 were simultaneously enhanced upon PRL treatment in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Tudor-SN overexpression and knockdown experiment showed that Tudor-SN positively regulated the synthesis of milk protein, cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of STAT5, which was dependent on Tudor-SN phosphorylation. STAT5 knockdown experiment showed that Tudor-SN stimulated mTOR pathway through regulating STAT5 activation, which was required for PRL to activate the mTOR pathway. Thus, these results demonstrate the primary mechanism of Tudor-SN coordinating with STAT5 to regulate milk protein synthesis and cell proliferation under stimulation of PRL in BMECs, which may provide some new perspectives for increasing milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Ao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zonghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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5
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Merkling SH, Raquin V, Dabo S, Henrion-Lacritick A, Blanc H, Moltini-Conclois I, Frangeul L, Varet H, Saleh MC, Lambrechts L. Tudor-SN Promotes Early Replication of Dengue Virus in the Aedes aegypti Midgut. iScience 2020; 23:100870. [PMID: 32059176 PMCID: PMC7054812 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by mosquito-borne viruses have been on the rise for the last decades, and novel methods aiming to use laboratory-engineered mosquitoes that are incapable of carrying viruses have been developed to reduce pathogen transmission. This has stimulated efforts to identify optimal target genes that are naturally involved in mosquito antiviral defenses or required for viral replication. Here, we investigated the role of a member of the Tudor protein family, Tudor-SN, upon dengue virus infection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Tudor-SN knockdown reduced dengue virus replication in the midgut of Ae. aegypti females. In immunofluorescence assays, Tudor-SN localized to the nucleolus in both Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus cells. A reporter assay and small RNA profiling demonstrated that Tudor-SN was not required for RNA interference function in vivo. Collectively, these results defined a novel proviral role for Tudor-SN upon early dengue virus infection of the Ae. aegypti midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hélène Merkling
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Raquin
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, UMR3569, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Lionel Frangeul
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, UMR3569, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756, CNRS, Paris, France; Plate-forme Technologique Biomics - Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, UMR3569, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.
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6
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Ochoa B, Chico Y, Martínez MJ. Insights Into SND1 Oncogene Promoter Regulation. Front Oncol 2018; 8:606. [PMID: 30619748 PMCID: PMC6297716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 gene (SND1), also known as Tudor-SN, TSN or p100, encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with invariant domain composition. SND1 contains four repeated staphylococcal nuclease domains and a single Tudor domain, which confer it endonuclease activity and extraordinary capacity for interacting with nucleic acids, individual proteins and protein complexes. Originally described as a transcriptional coactivator, SND1 plays fundamental roles in the regulation of gene expression, including RNA splicing, interference, stability, and editing, as well as in the regulation of protein and lipid homeostasis. Recently, SND1 has gained attention as a potential disease biomarker due to its positive correlation with cancer progression and metastatic spread. Such functional diversity of SND1 marks this gene as interesting for further analysis in relation with the multiple levels of regulation of SND1 protein production. In this review, we summarize the SND1 genomic region and promoter architecture, the set of transcription factors that can bind the proximal promoter, and the evidence supporting transactivation of SND1 promoter by a number of signal transduction pathways operating in different cell types and conditions. Unraveling the mechanisms responsible for SND1 promoter regulation is of utmost interest to decipher the SND1 contribution in the realm of both normal and abnormal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María José Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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7
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Shao J, Gao F, Zhang B, Zhao M, Zhou Y, He J, Ren L, Yao Z, Yang J, Su C, Gao X. Aggregation of SND1 in Stress Granules is Associated with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton During Heat Shock Stimulus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:2192-2199. [PMID: 28758359 PMCID: PMC5697672 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic dense structures in the cytoplasm that form in response to a variety of environmental stress stimuli. Staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is a type of RNA‐binding protein and has been identified as a transcriptional co‐activator. Our previous studies have shown that SND1 is a component of the stress granule, which forms under stress conditions. Here, we observed that SND1 granules were often surrounded by ɑ‐tubulin‐microtubules in 45°C‐treated HeLa cells at 15 min or colocalized with microtubules at 30 or 45 min. Furthermore, Nocodazole‐mediated microtubule depolymerization could significantly affect the efficient recruitment of SND1 proteins to the SGs during heat shock stress. In addition, the 45°C heat shock mediated the enhancement of eIF2α phosphorylation, which was not affected by treatment with Nocodazole, an agent that disrupts the cytoskeleton. The intact microtubule cytoskeletal tracks are important for the efficient assembly of SND1 granules under heat shock stress and may facilitate SND1 shuttling between cytoplasmic RNA foci. Anat Rec, 300:2192–2199, 2017. © 2017 The Authors The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan He
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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8
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Su C, Gao X, Yang W, Zhao Y, Fu X, Cui X, Zhang C, Xin L, Ren Y, Li L, Shui W, Yang X, Wei M, Yang J. Phosphorylation of Tudor-SN, a novel substrate of JNK, is involved in the efficient recruitment of Tudor-SN into stress granules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:562-571. [PMID: 28011284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of certain stress granule (SG) proteins are closely related to the assembly of SGs, a type of cytoplasmic foci structure. Our previous studies revealed that the Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) protein participates in the formation of SGs. However, the functional significance of potential Tudor-SN modifications during stress has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the Tudor-SN protein was phosphorylated at threonine 103 (T103) upon stimulation with arsenite. In addition, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was found to be responsible for Tudor-SN phosphorylation at the T103 site. We further illustrated that either a T103A mutation or the suppression of phosphorylation of T103 by the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited the efficient recruitment of Tudor-SN into SGs. In addition, the T103A mutation could affect the physical binding of Tudor-SN with the G3BP (Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein) protein but not with the HuR (Hu antigen R) protein and AGTR1-3'UTR (3'-untranslated region of angiotensin II receptor, type 1) mRNA cargo. These data suggested that JNK-enhanced Tudor-SN phosphorylation promotes the interaction between Tudor-SN and G3BP and facilitates the efficient recruitment of Tudor-SN into SGs under conditions of sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress. This finding provides novel insights into the physiological function of Tudor-SN modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wendong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lixin Li
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Minxin Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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9
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Tudor staphylococcal nuclease: biochemistry and functions. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1739-1748. [PMID: 27612014 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (TSN, also known as Tudor-SN, SND1 or p100) is an evolutionarily conserved protein with invariant domain composition, represented by tandem repeat of staphylococcal nuclease domains and a tudor domain. Conservation along significant evolutionary distance, from protozoa to plants and animals, suggests important physiological functions for TSN. It is known that TSN is critically involved in virtually all pathways of gene expression, ranging from transcription to RNA silencing. Owing to its high protein-protein binding affinity coexistent with enzymatic activity, TSN can exert its biochemical function by acting as both a scaffolding molecule of large multiprotein complexes and/or as a nuclease. TSN is indispensible for normal development and stress resistance, whereas its increased expression is closely associated with various types of cancer. Thus, TSN is an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy and a potent tumor marker. Considering ever increasing interest to further understand a multitude of TSN-mediated processes and a mechanistic role of TSN in these processes, here we took an attempt to summarize and update the available information about this intriguing multifunctional protein.
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10
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Fu X, Gao X, Ge L, Cui X, Su C, Yang W, Sun X, Zhang W, Yao Z, Yang X, Yang J. Malonate induces the assembly of cytoplasmic stress granules. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:22-33. [PMID: 26787461 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Malonate, a classic inhibitor of respiratory electron transport chain, induces mitochondrial stress. Stress granules (SGs) are a kind of dynamic foci structure during stress. The study on the connection of mitochondrial stress and SG assembly is still limited. Here, we demonstrated that malonate treatment leads to SG formation and translation inhibition, apart from mitochondrial stress, including enhanced ROS formation, reduced mitochondrial Δψm and ATP level. The phosphorylation levels of eIF2α and 4EBP1 protein were affected upon mitochondrial dysfunction. However, knockdown of 4EBP1 affected SG formation, rather than eIF2α. In addition, an increase of ATP level under mitochondrial stress enhanced malonate-induced SG aggregation. Overall, malonate stimulation triggers mitochondrial stress and induces the assembly of non-canonical cellular SGs via 4EBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Wendong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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11
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Ao J, Wei C, Si Y, Luo C, Lv W, Lin Y, Cui Y, Gao X. Tudor-SN Regulates Milk Synthesis and Proliferation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29936-47. [PMID: 26694361 PMCID: PMC4691155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein, related to multiple and diverse cell type- and species-specific cellular processes. Studies have shown that Tudor-SN is mainly expressed in secretory cells, however knowledge of its role is limited. In our previous work, we found that the protein level of Tudor-SN was upregulated in the nucleus of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). In this study, we assessed the role of Tudor-SN in milk synthesis and cell proliferation of BMEC. We exploited gene overexpression and silencing methods, and found that Tudor-SN positively regulates milk synthesis and proliferation via Stat5a activation. Both amino acids (methionine) and estrogen triggered NFκB1 to bind to the gene promoters of Tudor-SN and Stat5a, and this enhanced the protein level and nuclear localization of Tudor-SN and p-Stat5a. Taken together, these results suggest the key role of Tudor-SN in the transcriptional regulation of milk synthesis and proliferation of BMEC under the stimulation of amino acids and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Ao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chengjie Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yu Si
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chaochao Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Wei Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Ye Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yingjun Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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12
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Identification of AGO3-associated miRNAs and computational prediction of their targets in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetics 2015; 200:105-21. [PMID: 25769981 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.174797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii harbors many types of small RNAs (sRNAs) but little is known about their role(s) in the regulation of endogenous genes and cellular processes. To define functional microRNAs (miRNAs) in Chlamydomonas, we characterized sRNAs associated with an argonaute protein, AGO3, by affinity purification and deep sequencing. Using a stringent set of criteria for canonical miRNA annotation, we identified 39 precursor miRNAs, which produce 45 unique, AGO3-associated miRNA sequences including 13 previously reported miRNAs and 32 novel ones. Potential miRNA targets were identified based on the complementarity of miRNAs with candidate binding sites on transcripts and classified, depending on the extent of complementarity, as being likely to be regulated through cleavage or translational repression. The search for cleavage targets identified 74 transcripts. However, only 6 of them showed an increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in a mutant strain almost devoid of sRNAs. The search for translational repression targets, which used complementarity criteria more stringent than those empirically required for a reduction in target protein levels, identified 488 transcripts. However, unlike observations in metazoans, most predicted translation repression targets did not show appreciable changes in transcript abundance in the absence of sRNAs. Additionally, of three candidate targets examined at the protein level, only one showed a moderate variation in polypeptide amount in the mutant strain. Our results emphasize the difficulty in identifying genuine miRNA targets in Chlamydomonas and suggest that miRNAs, under standard laboratory conditions, might have mainly a modulatory role in endogenous gene regulation in this alga.
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13
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Gutierrez-Beltran E, Moschou PN, Smertenko AP, Bozhkov PV. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease links formation of stress granules and processing bodies with mRNA catabolism in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:926-43. [PMID: 25736060 PMCID: PMC4558657 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease (TSN or Tudor-SN; also known as SND1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in animals. Although TSN was found to be indispensable for normal plant development and stress tolerance, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions remain elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana TSN is essential for the integrity and function of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes called stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), sites of posttranscriptional gene regulation during stress. TSN associates with SGs following their microtubule-dependent assembly and plays a scaffolding role in both SGs and PBs. The enzymatically active tandem repeat of four SN domains is crucial for targeting TSN to the cytoplasmic mRNA complexes and is sufficient for the cytoprotective function of TSN during stress. Furthermore, our work connects the cytoprotective function of TSN with its positive role in stress-induced mRNA decapping. While stress led to a pronounced increase in the accumulation of uncapped mRNAs in wild-type plants, this increase was abrogated in TSN knockout plants. Taken together, our results establish TSN as a key enzymatic component of the catabolic machinery responsible for the processing of mRNAs in the cytoplasmic mRNP complexes during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gutierrez-Beltran
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei P Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Gao X, Fu X, Song J, Zhang Y, Cui X, Su C, Ge L, Shao J, Xin L, Saarikettu J, Mei M, Yang X, Wei M, Silvennoinen O, Yao Z, He J, Yang J. Poly(A)(+) mRNA-binding protein Tudor-SN regulates stress granules aggregation dynamics. FEBS J 2015; 282:874-90. [PMID: 25559396 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) comprise the main types of cytoplasmic RNA foci during stress. Our previous data indicate that knockdown of human Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) affects the aggregation of SGs. However, the precise molecular mechanism has not been determined fully. In the present study, we demonstrate that Tudor-SN binds and colocalizes with many core components of SGs, such as poly(A)(+) mRNA binding protein 1, T-cell internal antigen-1-related protein and poly(A)(+) mRNA, and SG/PB sharing proteins Argonaute 1/2, but not PB core proteins, such as decapping enzyme 1 a/b, confirming that Tudor-SN is an SG-specific protein. We also demonstrate that the Tudor-SN granule actively communicates with the nuclear and cytosolic pool under stress conditions. Tudor-SN can regulate the aggregation dynamics of poly(A)(+) mRNA-containing SGs and selectively stabilize the SG-associated mRNA during cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
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15
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Armengol S, Arretxe E, Enzunza L, Mula S, Ochoa B, Chico Y, Martínez MJ. The promoter of cell growth- and RNA protection-associated SND1 gene is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in human hepatoma cells. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 15:25. [PMID: 25494629 PMCID: PMC4266219 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-014-0025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Staphyloccocal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1) is involved in the regulation of gene expression and RNA protection. While numerous studies have established that SND1 protein expression is modulated by cellular stresses associated with tumor growth, hypoxia, inflammation, heat-shock and oxidative conditions, little is known about the factors responsible for SND1 expression. Here, we have approached this question by analyzing the transcriptional response of human SND1 gene to pharmacological endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver cancer cells. Results We provide first evidence that SND1 promoter activity is increased in human liver cancer cells upon exposure to thapsigargin or tunicamycin or by ectopic expression of ATF6, a crucial transcription factor in the unfolded protein response triggered by ER stress. Deletion analysis of the 5’-flanking region of SND1 promoter identified maximal activation in fragment (-934, +221), which contains most of the predicted ER stress response elements in proximal promoter. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a near 3 fold increase in SND1 mRNA expression by either of the stress-inducers; whereas SND1 protein was maximally upregulated (3.4-fold) in cells exposed to tunicamycin, a protein glycosylation inhibitor. Conclusion Promoter activity of the cell growth- and RNA-protection associated SND1 gene is up-regulated by ER stress in human hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María José Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
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16
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Jariwala N, Rajasekaran D, Srivastava J, Gredler R, Akiel MA, Robertson CL, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Role of the staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 in oncogenesis (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:465-73. [PMID: 25405367 PMCID: PMC4277250 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is a multifunctional protein overexpressed in breast, prostate, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas and malignant glioma. Molecular studies have revealed the multifaceted activities of SND1 involved in regulating gene expression at transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional levels. Early studies identified SND1 as a transcriptional co-activator. SND1 is also a component of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) thus mediating RNAi function, a regulator of mRNA splicing, editing and stability, and plays a role in maintenance of cell viability. Such diverse actions allow the SND1 to modulate a complex array of molecular networks, thereby promoting carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the crucial role of SND1 in cancer development and progression, and highlight SND1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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