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Zhang S, Zhai M, Xu Y, Han J, Chen J, Xiong Y, Pan S, Wang Q, Yu C, Rao Z, Sun Q, Sui Y, Fan K, Li H, Guo W, Liu C, Bai Y, Zhou J, Quan D, Zhang X. Decellularised spinal cord matrix manipulates glial niche into repairing phase via serglycin-mediated signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13429. [PMID: 36807637 PMCID: PMC10472524 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant and widespread glial cells in the central nervous system. The heterogeneity of astrocytes plays an essential role in spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Decellularised spinal cord matrix (DSCM) is advantageous for repairing SCI, but little is known regarding the exact mechanisms and niche alterations. Here, we investigated the DSCM regulatory mechanism of glial niche in the neuro-glial-vascular unit using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our single cell sequencing, molecular and biochemical experiments validated that DSCM facilitated the differentiation of neural progenitor cells through increasing the number of immature astrocytes. Upregulation of mesenchyme-related genes, which maintained astrocyte immaturity, causing insensitivity to inflammatory stimuli. Subsequently, we identified serglycin (SRGN) as a functional component of DSCM, which involves inducing CD44-AKT signalling to trigger human spinal cord-derived primary astrocytes (hspASCs) proliferation and upregulation of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thus impeding astrocyte maturation. Finally, we verified that SRGN-COLI and DSCM had similar functions in the human primary cell co-culture system to mimic the glia niche. In conclusion, our work revealed that DSCM reverted astrocyte maturation and altered the glia niche into the repairing phase through the SRGN-mediated signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Man Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiwei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiandong Han
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yucui Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shihua Pan
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qizheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunlai Yu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zilong Rao
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yufei Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Heying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenjing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Cuicui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Bai
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Daping Quan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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2
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Adeniyi PA, Fopiano KA, Banine F, Garcia M, Gong X, Keene CD, Sherman LS, Bagi Z, Back SA. Multispectral LEDs Eliminate Lipofuscin-Associated Autofluorescence for Immunohistochemistry and CD44 Variant Detection by in Situ Hybridization in Aging Human, non-Human Primate, and Murine Brain. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221123138. [PMID: 36164936 PMCID: PMC9520168 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A major limitation of mechanistic studies in aging brains is the lack of routine methods to robustly visualize and discriminate the cellular distribution of tissue antigens using fluorescent immunohistochemical multi-labeling techniques. Although such approaches are routine in non-aging brains, they are not consistently feasible in the aging brain due to the progressive accumulation of autofluorescent pigments, particularly lipofuscin, which strongly excite and emit over a broad spectral range. Consequently, aging research has relied upon colorimetric antibody techniques, where discrimination of tissue antigens is often challenging. We report the application of a simple, reproducible, and affordable protocol using multispectral light-emitting diodes (mLEDs) exposure for the reduction/elimination of lipofuscin autofluorescence (LAF) in aging brain tissue from humans, non-human primates, and mice. The mLEDs lamp has a broad spectral range that spans from the UV to infrared range and includes spectra in the violet/blue and orange/red. After photo quenching, the LAF level was markedly reduced when the tissue background fluorescence before and after mLEDs exposure was compared (p < 0.0001) across the spectral range. LAF elimination was estimated at 95 ± 1%. This approach permitted robust specific fluorescent immunohistochemical co-visualization of commonly studied antigens in aging brains. We also successfully applied this method to specifically visualize CD44 variant expression in aging human cerebral white matter using RNAscope fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Photo quenching provides an attractive means to accelerate progress in aging research by increasing the number of molecules that can be topologically discriminated by fluorescence detection in brain tissue from normative or pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Adeniyi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,Philip A. Adeniyi, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail-Code L481, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon 97239–3098, USA.
| | - Katie-Anne Fopiano
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fatima Banine
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Mariel Garcia
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xi Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Larry S. Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen A. Back
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,Departments of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,Stephen A. Back, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail-Code L481, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon 97239–3098, USA.
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3
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Li F, Xu J, Liu S. Cancer Stem Cells and Neovascularization. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051070. [PMID: 33946480 PMCID: PMC8147173 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) refer to a subpopulation of cancer cells responsible for tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that CSC-associated tumor neovascularization partially contributes to the failure of cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the roles of CSCs on tumor-associated angiogenesis via trans-differentiation or forming the capillary-like vasculogenic mimicry, as well as the roles of CSCs on facilitating endothelial cell-involved angiogenesis to support tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying regulation mechanisms, including the intrinsic signals of CSCs and the extrinsic signals such as cytokines from the tumor microenvironment. Further research is required to identify and verify some novel targets to develop efficient therapeutic approaches for more efficient cancer treatment through interfering CSC-mediated neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkai Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (F.L.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (F.L.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (F.L.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-34771023
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Offeddu GS, Hajal C, Foley CR, Wan Z, Ibrahim L, Coughlin MF, Kamm RD. The cancer glycocalyx mediates intravascular adhesion and extravasation during metastatic dissemination. Commun Biol 2021; 4:255. [PMID: 33637851 PMCID: PMC7910477 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx on tumor cells has been recently identified as an important driver for cancer progression, possibly providing critical opportunities for treatment. Metastasis, in particular, is often the limiting step in the survival to cancer, yet our understanding of how tumor cells escape the vascular system to initiate metastatic sites remains limited. Using an in vitro model of the human microvasculature, we assess here the importance of the tumor and vascular glycocalyces during tumor cell extravasation. Through selective manipulation of individual components of the glycocalyx, we reveal a mechanism whereby tumor cells prepare an adhesive vascular niche by depositing components of the glycocalyx along the endothelium. Accumulated hyaluronic acid shed by tumor cells subsequently mediates adhesion to the endothelium via the glycoprotein CD44. Trans-endothelial migration and invasion into the stroma occurs through binding of the isoform CD44v to components of the sub-endothelial extra-cellular matrix. Targeting of the hyaluronic acid-CD44 glycocalyx complex results in significant reduction in the extravasation of tumor cells. These studies provide evidence of tumor cells repurposing the glycocalyx to promote adhesive interactions leading to cancer progression. Such glycocalyx-mediated mechanisms may be therapeutically targeted to hinder metastasis and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S. Offeddu
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Cynthia Hajal
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Colleen R. Foley
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Lina Ibrahim
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Mark F. Coughlin
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
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5
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Zhang H, Liu J, Chen Q, Mi P. Ligand-installed anti-VEGF genomic nanocarriers for effective gene therapy of primary and metastatic tumors. J Control Release 2020; 320:314-327. [PMID: 31954731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The systemic dosage regimen exhibited low therapeutic efficacy and incurred severe adverse effect, thus, the development of tumor-targeted therapeutics is crucial important for tumor precision therapy. Herein, the active targeted modulation of tumor microenvironments was schemed by developing hyaluronic acid-installed genomic nanocarriers (HA-NPs) for effectively ablation of both primary and metastatic tumors through anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) approach. The anti-VEGF genomic payloads were strategically packaged into the well-defined synthetic nanocarriers by layer-by-layer preparation strategy, exhibiting high colloidal stability and much lower cell viability than the cationic gene carriers. Besides, the HA-NPs could specifically and efficiently internalize with cancer cells for efficient intracellular gene delivery, leading to high gene transfection efficacy. Moreover, it further demonstrated efficient extravasation, high accumulation and deep penetration in tumors, which markedly facilitated tumor-targeted expression of anti-VEGF genomic payloads for inhabitation of neo-vasculature, consecutively contributing to potent ablation of solid tumors. In addition, the ligand-installed nanocarriers facilitated systemic treatment of melanoma lung metastasis by the expressed anti-VEGF proteins, which were extensively spread along blood circulation and metastatic niches to diminish the formation of neovasculature for tumorigenesis. Therefore, the proposed anti-VEGF genomic nanocarriers could shed intriguing implication in effectively treatment of primary tumors and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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6
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Rios de la Rosa JM, Pingrajai P, Pelliccia M, Spadea A, Lallana E, Gennari A, Stratford IJ, Rocchia W, Tirella A, Tirelli N. Binding and Internalization in Receptor-Targeted Carriers: The Complex Role of CD44 in the Uptake of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanoparticles (siRNA Delivery). Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901182. [PMID: 31738017 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is an endocytic hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor, and is overexpressed in many carcinomas. This has encouraged the use of HA to design CD44-targeting carriers. This paper is about dissecting the mechanistic role of CD44. Here, HA-decorated nanoparticles are used to deliver siRNA to both tumoral (AsPC-1, PANC-1, HT-29, HCT-116) and non-tumoral (fibroblasts, differently polarized THP-1 macrophages, HUVEC) human cell lines, evaluating the initial binding of the nanoparticles, their internalization rate, and the silencing efficiency (cyclophilin B (PPIB) gene). Tumoral cells internalize faster and experience higher silencing than non-tumoral cells. This is promising as it suggests that, in a tumor, HA nanocarriers may have limited off-target effects. More far-reaching is the inter-relation between the four parameters of the study: CD44 expression, HA binding on cell surfaces, internalization rate, and silencing efficiency. No correlation is found between binding (an early event) and any of the other parameters, whereas silencing correlates both with speed of the internalization process and CD44 expression. This study confirms on one hand that HA-based carriers can perform a targeted action, but on the other it suggests that this may not be due to a selective binding event, but rather to a later recognition leading to selective internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M Rios de la Rosa
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ponpawee Pingrajai
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maria Pelliccia
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alice Spadea
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Enrique Lallana
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Arianna Gennari
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Ian J Stratford
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Walter Rocchia
- CONCEPT Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
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7
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Pranda MA, Gray KM, DeCastro AJL, Dawson GM, Jung JW, Stroka KM. Tumor Cell Mechanosensing During Incorporation into the Brain Microvascular Endothelium. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:455-480. [PMID: 31719927 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor metastasis to the brain occurs in approximately 20% of all cancer cases and often occurs due to tumor cells crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The brain microenvironment is comprised of a soft hyaluronic acid (HA)-rich extracellular matrix with an elastic modulus of 0.1-1 kPa, whose crosslinking is often altered in disease states. Methods To explore the effects of HA crosslinking on breast tumor cell migration, we developed a biomimetic model of the human brain endothelium, consisting of brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) monolayers on HA and gelatin (HA/gelatin) films with different degrees of crosslinking, as established by varying the concentration of the crosslinker Extralink. Results and Discussion Metastatic breast tumor cell migration speed, diffusion coefficient, spreading area, and aspect ratio increased with decreasing HA crosslinking, a mechanosensing trend that correlated with tumor cell actin organization but not CD44 expression. Meanwhile, breast tumor cell incorporation into endothelial monolayers was independent of HA crosslinking density, suggesting that alterations in HA crosslinking density affect tumor cells only after they exit the vasculature. Tumor cells appeared to exploit both the paracellular and transcellular routes of trans-endothelial migration. Quantitative phenotyping of HBMEC junctions via a novel Python software revealed a VEGF-dependent decrease in punctate VE-cadherin junctions and an increase in continuous and perpendicular junctions when HBMECs were treated with tumor cell-secreted factors. Conclusions Overall, our quantitative results suggest that a combination of biochemical and physical factors promote tumor cell migration through the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Pranda
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Kelsey M Gray
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Ariana Joy L DeCastro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Gregory M Dawson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Jae W Jung
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742 USA.,Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742 USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 3110 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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8
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Mrozik KM, Blaschuk OW, Cheong CM, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K. N-cadherin in cancer metastasis, its emerging role in haematological malignancies and potential as a therapeutic target in cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:939. [PMID: 30285678 PMCID: PMC6167798 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many types of solid tumours, the aberrant expression of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resulting in the acquisition of an aggressive tumour phenotype. This transition endows tumour cells with the capacity to escape from the confines of the primary tumour and metastasise to secondary sites. In this review, we will discuss how N-cadherin actively promotes the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells, including its involvement in critical signalling pathways which mediate these events. In addition, we will explore the emerging role of N-cadherin in haematological malignancies, including bone marrow homing and microenvironmental protection to anti-cancer agents. Finally, we will discuss the evidence that N-cadherin may be a viable therapeutic target to inhibit cancer metastasis and increase tumour cell sensitivity to existing anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marek Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Chee Man Cheong
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Christopher William Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
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9
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Krisp C, Parker R, Pascovici D, Hayward NK, Wilmott JS, Thompson JF, Mann GJ, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Molloy MP. Proteomic phenotyping of metastatic melanoma reveals putative signatures of MEK inhibitor response and prognosis. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:713-723. [PMID: 30116025 PMCID: PMC6173697 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotyping of melanomas is used to identify patients for treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, but clinical responses are highly variable. This study investigated the utility of protein expression phenotyping to provide an integrated assessment of gene expression programs in BRAF/NRAS melanoma which would be useful for prognosis and may predict response to MEK inhibition. METHODS Mass spectrometry profiling of early passage cell lines established from Stage III cutaneous melanomas was conducted. Basal protein expression was correlated with in vitro response to the MEK inhibitor, selumetinib. Protein expression in a cohort of 32 drug naïve BRAF/NRAS metastatic melanoma specimens was examined. The prognostic utility of a subset of these proteins and mRNA transcripts from a separate cohort was determined. RESULTS Unsupervised analysis of basal cell line protein abundances delineated response to selumetinib, but BRAF/NRAS genotype did not. Resistance was associated with functions including cell motility, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Several of these response biomarkers were observed in lymph node biospecimens and correlated with melanoma-specific survival. Loss of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression was a strong prognosticator of diminished survival in BRAF/NRAS mutant melanoma. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the utility of proteomic phenotyping to identify both putative biomarkers of response to MEK inhibition and prognostication associated with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Krisp
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University Medical Center Hamburg, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Parker
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Irani S, Dehghan A. The Expression and Functional Significance of Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin, CD44, and Vimentin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:110-117. [PMID: 29780735 PMCID: PMC5946518 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_408_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ninety percent of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinoma which develops in the oral cavity. Metastasis is the main causative factor for death in 90% of all cancer-related deaths and begins with the invasion of tumor cells through the walls of small blood vessels or lymph vessels. A growing body of evidence has shown that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) facilitates tumor growth and cancer metastasis. The current study aimed to present the role of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin in inducing VM and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to identify the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods A total of 63 OSCC samples (21 samples each grade) were collected from the archive of Pathology Department of Besat educational hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from 2000 to 2015. VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double-staining were used to validate VM. VM was identified by the detection of PAS-positive loops surrounded by tumor cells. Chi-square test was used to examine the differences between the variables. Significant level was set at 0.05. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the co-localization of the markers. Results There were statistically significant differences between tumor grade and the expression levels of VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin (P = 0.000). In addition, significant differences were found between tumor grade and microvessel density (P = 0.000) and between tumor grade and VM (P = 0.000). Conclusion Our results may disclose a definite relationship between VE-cadherin, CD44 and vimentin expression levels, VM formation, EMT, CSCs, and microvessel count in OSCC samples. For this reason, it is suggested that VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin are related to angiogenesis and VM formation in OSCC, therefore, in tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, antitumor angiogenic therapies have been challenged. The presence of VM may explain the failure of antiangiogenic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Research Centre, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arash Dehghan
- Department of Pathology, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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11
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Wang Z, Zhao K, Hackert T, Zöller M. CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:97. [PMID: 30211160 PMCID: PMC6122270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, tumor progression proceeding through emigration from the primary tumor, gaining access to the circulation, leaving the circulation, settling in distant organs and growing in the foreign environment. The capacity of a tumor to metastasize relies on a small subpopulation of cells in the primary tumor, so called cancer-initiating cells (CIC). CIC are characterized by sets of markers, mostly membrane anchored adhesion molecules, CD44v6 being the most frequently recovered marker. Knockdown and knockout models accompanied by loss of tumor progression despite unaltered primary tumor growth unraveled that these markers are indispensable for CIC. The unexpected contribution of marker molecules to CIC-related activities prompted research on underlying molecular mechanisms. This review outlines the contribution of CD44, particularly CD44v6 to CIC activities. A first focus is given to the impact of CD44/CD44v6 to inherent CIC features, including the crosstalk with the niche, apoptosis-resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Following the steps of the metastatic cascade, we report on supporting activities of CD44/CD44v6 in migration and invasion. These CD44/CD44v6 activities rely on the association with membrane-integrated and cytosolic signaling molecules and proteases and transcriptional regulation. They are not restricted to, but most pronounced in CIC and are tightly regulated by feedback loops. Finally, we discuss on the engagement of CD44/CD44v6 in exosome biogenesis, loading and delivery. exosomes being the main acteurs in the long-distance crosstalk of CIC with the host. In brief, by supporting the communication with the niche and promoting apoptosis resistance CD44/CD44v6 plays an important role in CIC maintenance. The multifaceted interplay between CD44/CD44v6, signal transducing molecules and proteases facilitates the metastasizing tumor cell journey through the body. By its engagement in exosome biogenesis CD44/CD44v6 contributes to disseminated tumor cell settlement and growth in distant organs. Thus, CD44/CD44v6 likely is the most central CIC biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margot Zöller
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12
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Zatula A, Dikic A, Mulder C, Sharma A, Vågbø CB, Sousa MML, Waage A, Slupphaug G. Proteome alterations associated with transformation of multiple myeloma to secondary plasma cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19427-19442. [PMID: 28038447 PMCID: PMC5386695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm that may either originate de novo (primary PCL) or by leukemic transformation of multiple myeloma (MM) to secondary PCL (sPCL). The prognosis of sPCL is very poor, and currently no standard treatment is available due to lack of prospective clinical studies. In an attempt to elucidate factors contributing to transformation, we have performed super-SILAC quantitative proteome profiling of malignant plasma cells collected from the same patient at both the MM and sPCL stages of the disease. 795 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the MM and sPCL samples. Gene ontology analysis indicated a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis in sPCL as well as marked down-regulation of enzymes involved in glycan synthesis, potentially mediating altered glycosylation of surface receptors. There was no significant change in overall genomic 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the two stages, indicating that epigenetic dysregulation was not a major driver of transformation to sPCL. The present study constitutes the first attempt to provide a comprehensive map of the altered protein expression profile accompanying transformation of MM to sPCL in a single patient, identifying several candidate proteins that can be targeted by currently available small molecule drugs. Our dataset furthermore constitutes a reference dataset for further proteomic analysis of sPCL transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Zatula
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aida Dikic
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Celine Mulder
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Present address: University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Cathrine B Vågbø
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, Department of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
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13
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Poukka M, Bykachev A, Siiskonen H, Tyynelä-Korhonen K, Auvinen P, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Sironen R. Decreased expression of hyaluronan synthase 1 and 2 associates with poor prognosis in cutaneous melanoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:313. [PMID: 27184066 PMCID: PMC4867536 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyaluronan is a large extracellular matrix molecule involved in several biological processes such as proliferation, migration and invasion. In many cancers, hyaluronan synthesis is altered, which implicates disease progression and metastatic potential. We have previously shown that synthesis of hyaluronan and expression of its synthases 1–2 (HAS1-2) decrease in cutaneous melanoma, compared to benign melanocytic lesions. Methods In the present study, we compared immunohistological staining results of HAS1 and HAS2 with clinical and histopathological parameters to investigate whether HAS1 or HAS2 has prognostic value in cutaneous melanoma. The specimens consisted of 129 tissue samples including superficial (Breslow ≤ 1 mm) and deep (Breslow > 4 mm) melanomas and lymph node metastases. The differences in immunostainings were analysed with non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test. Associations between immunohistological staining results and clinical parameters were determined with the χ2 test. Survival between patient groups was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method using log rank test and Cox’s regression model was used for multivariate analyses. Results The expression of HAS1 and HAS2 was decreased in deep melanomas and metastases compared to superficial melanomas. Decreased immunostaining of HAS2 in melanoma cells was significantly associated with several known unfavourable histopathologic prognostic markers like increased mitotic count, absence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and the nodular subtype. Furthermore, reduced HAS1 and HAS2 immunostaining in the melanoma cells was associated with increased recurrence of melanoma (p = 0.041 and p = 0.006, respectively) and shortened disease- specific survival (p = 0.013 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions This study indicates that reduced expression of HAS1 and HAS2 is associated with melanoma progression and suggests that HAS1 and HAS2 have a prognostic significance in cutaneous melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2344-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Poukka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Hanna Siiskonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Päivi Auvinen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Reijo Sironen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Clinical Pathology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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CD82 suppresses CD44 alternative splicing-dependent melanoma metastasis by mediating U2AF2 ubiquitination and degradation. Oncogene 2016; 35:5056-5069. [PMID: 27041584 PMCID: PMC5033661 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal forms of skin cancer because of its early metastatic spread. The variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a cell surface glycoprotein, is highly expressed on metastatic melanoma. The mechanisms of regulation of CD44 alternative splicing in melanoma and its pathogenic contributions are so far poorly understood. Here, we investigated the expression level of CD44 in a large set of melanocytic lesions at different stages. We found that the expression of CD44v8-10 and a splicing factor, U2AF2, is significantly increased during melanoma progression, whereas CD82/KAI1, a tetraspanin family of tumor suppressor, is reduced in metastatic melanoma. CD44v8-10 and U2AF2 expression levels, which are negatively correlated with CD82 levels, are markedly elevated in primary melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi and further increased in metastatic melanoma. We also showed that patients with higher CD44v8-10 and U2AF2 expression levels tended to have shorter survival. By using both in vivo and in vitro assays, we demonstrated that CD82 inhibits the production of CD44v8-10 on melanoma. Mechanistically, U2AF2 is a downstream target of CD82 and in malignant melanoma facilitates CD44v8-10 alternative splicing. U2AF2-mediated CD44 isoform switch is required for melanoma migration in vitro and lung and liver metastasis in vivo. Notably, overexpression of CD82 suppresses U2AF2 activity by inducing U2AF2 ubiquitination. In addition, our data suggested that enhancement of melanoma migration by U2AF2-dependent CD44v8-10 splicing is mediated by Src/focal adhesion kinase/RhoA activation and formation of stress fibers, as well as CD44-E-selectin binding reinforcement. These findings uncovered a hitherto unappreciated function of CD82 in severing the linkage between U2AF2-mediated CD44 alternative splicing and cancer aggressiveness, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications in melanoma.
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15
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Baines A, Martin P, Rorie C. Current and Emerging Targeting Strategies for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:277-320. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Aberrant Splicing of Estrogen Receptor, HER2, and CD44 Genes in Breast Cancer. GENETICS & EPIGENETICS 2015; 7:19-32. [PMID: 26692764 PMCID: PMC4669075 DOI: 10.4137/geg.s35500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women under the age of 50 years. Established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors (estrogen receptor [ER]/progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), play significant roles in the selection of patients for endocrine and trastuzumab therapies. However, the initial treatment response is often followed by tumor relapse with intrinsic resistance to the first-line therapy, so it has been expected to identify novel molecular markers to improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNAs is a ubiquitous and flexible mechanism for the control of gene expression in mammalian cells. It provides cells with the opportunity to create protein isoforms with different, even opposing, functions from a single genomic locus. Aberrant alternative splicing is very common in cancer where emerging tumor cells take advantage of this flexibility to produce proteins that promote cell growth and survival. While a number of splicing alterations have been reported in human cancers, we focus on aberrant splicing of ER, HER2, and CD44 genes from the viewpoint of BC development. ERα36, a splice variant from the ER1 locus, governs nongenomic membrane signaling pathways triggered by estrogen and confers 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistance in BC therapy. The alternative spliced isoform of HER2 lacking exon 20 (Δ16HER2) has been reported in human BC; this isoform is associated with transforming ability than the wild-type HER2 and recapitulates the phenotypes of endocrine therapy-resistant BC. Although both CD44 splice isoforms (CD44s, CD44v) play essential roles in BC development, CD44v is more associated with those with favorable prognosis, such as luminal A subtype, while CD44s is linked to those with poor prognosis, such as HER2 or basal cell subtypes that are often metastatic. Hence, the detection of splice variants from these loci will provide keys to understand the pathogenesis, predict the prognosis, and choose specific therapies for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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17
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Mattheolabakis G, Milane L, Singh A, Amiji MM. Hyaluronic acid targeting of CD44 for cancer therapy: from receptor biology to nanomedicine. J Drug Target 2015; 23:605-18. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1052072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Zhang P, Feng S, Bai H, Zeng P, Chen F, Wu C, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Ye Q, Xue Q, Xu X, Song E, Song Y. Polychlorinated biphenyl quinone induces endothelial barrier dysregulation by setting the cross talk between VE-cadherin, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1205-14. [PMID: 25770237 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00005.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental hazardous material polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer metastasis. Our previous studies illustrated the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and genotoxic effects of a synthetic, quinone-type, highly reactive metabolite of PCB, 2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-[1,4]benzoquinone (PCB29-pQ). Here, we used it as the model compound to investigate its effects on vascular endothelial integrity and permeability. We demonstrated that noncytotoxic doses of PCB29-pQ induced vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junction disassembly by increasing the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Y658. We also found that focal adhesion assembly was required for PCB29-pQ-induced junction breakdown. Focal adhesion site-associated actin stress fibers may serve as holding points for cytoskeletal tension to regulate the cellular contractility. PCB29-pQ exposure promoted the association of actin stress fibers with paxillin-containing focal adhesion sites and enlarged the size/number of focal adhesions. In addition, PCB29-pQ treatment induced phosphorylation of paxillin at Y118. By using pharmacological inhibition, we further demonstrated that p38 activation was necessary for paxillin phosphorylation, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 activation regulated VE-cadherin phosphorylation. In conclusion, these results indicated that PCB29-pQ stimulates endothelial hyperpermeability by mediating VE-cadherin disassembly, junction breakdown, and focal adhesion formation. Intervention strategies targeting focal adhesion and MAPK signaling could be used as therapeutic approaches for preventing adverse cardiovascular health effects induced by environmental toxicants such as PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Shan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Panying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Yi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Qiuyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Qichao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Qiang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and
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Zhang P, Bai H, Liu G, Wang H, Chen F, Zhang B, Zeng P, Wu C, Peng C, Huang C, Song Y, Song E. MicroRNA-33b, upregulated by EF24, a curcumin analog, suppresses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migratory potential of melanoma cells by targeting HMGA2. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:151-61. [PMID: 25725129 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl difluoroketone (EF24), a curcumin analog, exhibits potent anti-tumor activities by arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. However, the efficacy and modes of action of EF24 on melanoma metastasis remain elusive. In this study, we found that at non-cytotoxic concentrations, EF24 suppressed cell motility and epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of melanoma cell lines, Lu1205 and A375. EF24 also suppressed HMGA2 expression at mRNA and protein levels. miR-33b directly bound to HMGA2 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) to suppress its expression as measured by dual-luciferase assay. EF24 increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of the mesenchymal markers, vimentin and N-cadherin. miR-33b inhibition or HMGA2 overexpression reverted EF24-mediated suppression of EMT phenotypes. In addition, EF24 modulated the HMGA2-dependent actin stress fiber formation, focal adhesion assembly and FAK, Src and RhoA activation by targeting miR-33b. Thus, the results suggest that EF24 suppresses melanoma metastasis via upregulating miR-33b and concomitantly reducing HMGA2 expression. The observed activities of EF24 support its further evaluation as an anti-metastatic agent in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, United States.
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Gentao Liu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Rd, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyong Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Rd, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Panying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjin Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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