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Xu Y, Wang H, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang L. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel chitosanase cloned from the gene of Kitasatospora setae KM-6054 and its application in the production of chitooligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:111. [PMID: 36905451 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitosanase could degrade chitosan efficiently under mild conditions to prepare chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs). COS possesses versatile physiological activities and has wide application prospects in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Herein, a new glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (CscB) was cloned from Kitasatospora setae KM-6054 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant chitosanase CscB was purified by Ni-charged magnetic beads and showed a relative molecular weight of 29.19 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). CscB showed the maximal activity (1094.21 U/mg) at pH 6.0 and 30 °C. It was revealed that CscB is a cold-adapted enzyme. CscB was determined to be an endo-type chitosanase with a polymerization degree of the final product mainly in the range of 2-4. This new cold-adapted chitosanase provides an efficient enzyme tool for clean production of COSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiao Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhang RX, Wu ZW, Zhang SJ, Wei HM, Hua CW, Li L, Yang TY. Gene cloning and molecular characterization of a thermostable chitosanase from Bacillus cereus TY24. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:30. [PMID: 36303174 PMCID: PMC9615241 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An important conceptual advance in health and the environment has been recognized that enzymes play a key role in the green processing industries. Of particular interest, chitosanase is beneficial for recycling the chitosan resource and producing chitosan oligosaccharides. Also, chitosan gene expression and molecular characterization will promote understanding of the biological function of bacterial chitosanase as well as explore chitosanase for utilizing chitosan resources. Results A chitosanase-producing bacterium TY24 was isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus. Moreover, the chitosanase gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis reveals that the recombinant chitosanase (CHOE) belongs to the glycoside hydrolases 8 family. The purified CHOE has a molecular weight of about 48 kDa and the specific activity of 1150 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature of CHOE were 5.5 and 65 °C, respectively. The enzyme was observed stable at the pH range of 4.5–7.5 and the temperature range of 30–65 °C. Especially, the half-life of CHOE at 65 °C was 161 min. Additionally, the activity of CHOE was remarkably enhanced in the presence of Mn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and K+, beside Ca2+ at 5 mM. Especially, the activity of CHOE was enhanced to more than 120% in the presence of 1% of various surfactants. CHOE exhibited the highest substrate specificity toward colloid chitosan. Conclusion A bacterial chitosanase was cloned from B. cereus and successfully expressed in E. coli (BL21) DE3. The recombinant enzyme displayed good stability under acid pH and high-temperature conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-022-00762-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Wei Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Hua
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-You Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
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Su H, Sun J, Jia Z, Zhao H, Mao X. Insights into promiscuous chitosanases: the known and the unknown. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6887-6898. [PMID: 36178516 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanase, a glycoside hydrolase (GH), catalyzes the cleavage of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides and is widely distributed in nature. Many organisms produce chitosanases, and numerous chitosanases in the GH families have been intensely studied. The reported chitosanases mainly cleaved the inter-glucosamine glycosidic bonds, while substrate specificity is not strictly unique due to the existence of bifunctional or multifunctional activity profiles. The promiscuity of chitosanases is essential for the different pathways of biomass polysaccharide conversion and understanding of the chitosanase evolutionary process. However, the reviews for this aspect are completely unknown. This review provides an overview of the promiscuous activities, also considering the substrate and product specificity of chitosanases observed to date. These contribute to important implications for the future discovery and research of promiscuous chitosanases and applications related to biomass conversion. KEY POINTS: • The promiscuity of chitosanases is reviewed for the first time. • The current review provides insights into the substrate specificity of chitosanases. • The mode-product relationship and prospect of promiscuous chitosanases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenrong Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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4
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Aktuganov GE, Safina VR, Galimzianova NF, Gilvanova EA, Kuzmina LY, Melentiev AI, Baymiev AH, Lopatin SA. Constitutive chitosanase from Bacillus thuringiensis B-387 and its potential for preparation of antimicrobial chitooligomers. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:167. [PMID: 35867186 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The article proves the ability of the entomopathogenic strain B. thuringiensis var. dendrolimus B-387 to high the constitutive production (3-12.5 U/mL) of extracellular chitosanase, that was found for the first time. The enzyme was purified in 94-fold by ultrafiltration, affinity sorption and cation-exchange chromatography and characterized biochemically. The molecular mass of the chitosanase determined using SDS-PAGE is 40 kDa. Temperature and pH-optima of the enzyme are 55 °C and pH 6.5, respectively; the chitosanase was stable under 50-60 °C and pH 4-10.5. Purified chitosanase most rapidly (Vmax ~ 43 µM/mL × min, KM ~ 0.22 mg/mL, kcat ~ 4.79 × 104 s-1) hydrolyzed soluble chitosan of the deacetylation degree (DD) 85% by endo-mode, and did not degrade colloidal chitin, CM-cellulose and some other glucans. The main reaction products of the chitosan enzymolysis included chitobiose, chitotriose and chitotetraose. In addition to small chitooligosaccharides (CHOs), the studied chitosanase also generated low-molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) with average Mw in range 14-46 kDa and recovery 14-35%, depending on the enzyme/substrate ratio and incubation temperature. In some cases, the chitosan (DD 85 and 50%) oligomers prepared using crude chitosanase from B. thuringiensis B-387 indicated higher antifungal and antibacterial activities in vitro in comparison with the initial polysaccharides. The data obtained indicate the good prospect of chitosanase B-387 for the production of bioactive CHOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb E Aktuganov
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 69, Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450054.
| | - Violetta R Safina
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 69, Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450054
| | - Nailya F Galimzianova
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 69, Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450054
| | - Elena A Gilvanova
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 69, Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450054
| | - Lyudmila Yu Kuzmina
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 69, Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450054
| | - Alexander I Melentiev
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 69, Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450054
| | - Andrei H Baymiev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450054
| | - Sergey A Lopatin
- Institute of Bioengineering of Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7, bld. 1, 60 let Oktyabrya prospect, Moscow, Russia, 117312
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Guo J, Wang Y, Gao W, Wang X, Gao X, Man Z, Cai Z, Qing Q. Gene Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of a Novel GH46 Chitosanase from Streptomyces avermitilis (SaCsn46A). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:813-826. [PMID: 34542822 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A n ovel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (SaCsn46A) from Streptomyces avermitilis was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) strains. SaCsn46A consists of 271 amino acids, which includes a 34-amino acid signal peptide. The protein sequence of SaCsn46A shows maximum identity (83.5%) to chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E. Then, the mature enzyme was purified to homogeneity through Ni-chelating affinity chromatography with a recovery yield of 78% and the molecular mass of purified enzyme was estimated to be 29 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant enzyme possessed a temperature optimum of 45 °C and a pH optimum of 6.2, and it was stable at pH ranging from 4.0 to 9.0 and below 30 °C. The Km and Vmax values of this enzyme were 1.32 mg/mL, 526.32 U/mg/min, respectively (chitosan as substrate). The enzyme activity can be enhanced by Mg2+ and especially Mn2+, which could enhance the activity about 3.62-fold at a 3-mM concentration. The enzyme can hydrolyze a variety of polysaccharides which are linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds such as chitin, xylan, and cellulose, but it could not hydrolyze polysaccharides linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The results of thin-layer chromatography and HPLC showed that the enzyme exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern and could hydrolyze chitosan to glucosamine (GlcN) and (GlcN)2. This study demonstrated that SaCsn46A is a promising enzyme to produce glucosamine and chitooligosaccharides (COS) from chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinrou Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Zaozhuang Key Laboratory of Corn Bioengineering, Zaozhuang Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Enzyme, Shandong Hengren Gongmao Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Qing Qing
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
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6
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Jiang Z, Ma S, Guan L, Yan Q, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel bifunctional chitosanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii for chitooligosaccharide production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:83. [PMID: 33855634 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitosanase gene, designated as PbCsn8, was cloned from Paenibacillus barengoltzii. It shared the highest identity of 73% with the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 8 chitosanase from Bacillus thuringiensis JAM-GG01. The gene was heterologously expressed in Bacillus subtilis as an extracellular protein, and the highest chitosanase yield of 1, 108 U/mL was obtained by high-cell density fermentation in a 5-L fermentor. The recombinant chitosanase (PbCsn8) was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. PbCsn8 was most active at pH 5.5 and 70 °C, respectively. It was stable in a wide pH range of 5.0-11.0 and up to 55 °C. PbCsn8 was a bifunctional enzyme, exhibiting both chitosanase and glucanase activities, with the highest specificity towards chitosan (360 U/mg), followed by barley β-glucan (72 U/mg) and lichenan (13 U/mg). It hydrolyzed chitosan to release mainly chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-3, while hydrolyzed barley β-glucan to yield mainly glucooligosaccharides with DP > 5. PbCsn8 was further applied in COS production, and the highest COS yield of 79.3% (w/w) was obtained. This is the first report on a GH family 8 chitosanase from P. barengoltzii. The high yield and remarkable hydrolysis properties may make PbCsn8 a good candidate in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suai Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Cahyaningtyas HAA, Suyotha W, Cheirsilp B, Yano S. Statistical optimization of halophilic chitosanase and protease production by Bacillus cereus HMRSC30 isolated from Terasi simultaneous with chitin extraction from shrimp shell waste. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Luo S, Qin Z, Chen Q, Fan L, Jiang L, Zhao L. High level production of a Bacillus amlyoliquefaciens chitosanase in Pichia pastoris suitable for chitooligosaccharides preparation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1034-1041. [PMID: 32027900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are hydrolytic products of chitosan that are essential in functional food, medicine, and other fields due to their biological activities. Commercial COS are often prepared by the hydrolysis of chitosan by chitosanase. In this study, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 cluster B chitosanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BaCsn46B) was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme was secreted into the culture medium that reached a total extracellular protein concentration of 4.5 g/L with an activity of 8907.2 U/mL in a high cell density fermenter (5 L). The molecular mass of deglycosylated BaCsn46B was 29.0 kDa. Purified BaCsn46B exhibited excellent enzymatic properties, which had high specific activity (2380.5 U/mg) under optimal reaction conditions (55 °C and pH 6.5). BaCsn46B hydrolyzed chitosan yielded a series of COS with different degrees of polymerization by endo-type cleavage. The end hydrolytic products of BaCsn46B were chitobiose and chitotriose, while no monosaccharide yield was evident in the hydrolytic reaction. The excellent secreted expression level and hydrolytic performance make the enzyme a desirable biocatalyst for the industrial preparation of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Luo
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qiming Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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9
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Aktuganov GE, Melentiev AI, Varlamov VP. Biotechnological Aspects of the Enzymatic Preparation of Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Today, chitosan (CS) is probably considered as a biofunctional polysaccharide with the most notable growth and potential for applications in various fields. The progress in chitin chemistry and the need to replace additives and non-natural polymers with functional natural-based polymers have opened many new opportunities for CS and its derivatives. Thanks to the specific reactive groups of CS and easy chemical modifications, a wide range of physico-chemical and biological properties can be obtained from this ubiquitous polysaccharide that is composed of β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose repeating units. This review is presented to share insights into multiple native/modified CSs and chitooligosaccharides (COS) associated with their functional properties. An overview will be given on bioadhesive applications, antimicrobial activities, adsorption, and chelation in the wine industry, as well as developments in medical fields or biodegradability.
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11
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Guo N, Sun J, Wang W, Gao L, Liu J, Liu Z, Xue C, Mao X. Cloning, expression and characterization of a novel chitosanase from Streptomyces albolongus ATCC 27414. Food Chem 2019; 286:696-702. [PMID: 30827665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding chitosanase from Streptomyces albolongus was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The novel recombinant enzyme (Csn21c) was purified by Ni-NTA Superflow Column and showed a molecular mass of 29.6 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme Csn21c showed the optimal activity in 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, and 50 °C and it was strongly activated (2-fold) by Mn2+. It belonged to glycoside hydrolase 46 family according to NCBI database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and displayed an exo-type cleavage pattern, hydrolyzing chitosan mainly into d-glucosamine (GlcN) and chitobiose ((GlcN)2) as confirmed by TLC and MS analysis. This study demonstrated that Csn21c can be an effective tool to produce abundant glucosamine and chitooligosaccharides (COS) from chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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12
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen VB, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Conversion of Squid Pens to Chitosanases and Proteases via Paenibacillus sp. TKU042. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E83. [PMID: 29517987 PMCID: PMC5867627 DOI: 10.3390/md16030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosanases and proteases have received much attention due to their wide range of applications. Four kinds of chitinous materials, squid pens, shrimp heads, demineralized shrimp shells and demineralized crab shells, were used as the sole carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source to produce chitosanases, proteases and α-glucosidase inhibitors (αGI) by four different strains of Paenibacillus. Chitosanase productivity was highest in the culture supernatants using squid pens as the sole C/N source. The maximum chitosanase activity of fermented squid pens (0.759 U/mL) was compared to that of fermented shrimp heads (0.397 U/mL), demineralized shrimp shells (0.201 U/mL) and demineralized crab shells (0.216 U/mL). A squid pen concentration of 0.5% was suitable for chitosanase, protease and αGI production via Paenibacillus sp. TKU042. Multi-purification, including ethanol precipitation and column chromatography of Macro-Prep High S as well as Macro-Prep DEAE (diethylaminoethyl), led to the isolation of Paenibacillus sp. TKU042 chitosanase and protease with molecular weights of 70 and 35 kDa, respectively. For comparison, 16 chitinolytic bacteria, including strains of Paenibacillus, were investigated for the production of chitinase, exochitinase, chitosanase, protease and αGI using two kinds of chitinous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City 630000, Vietnam.
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
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13
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Liang TW, Chen WT, Lin ZH, Kuo YH, Nguyen AD, Pan PS, Wang SL. An Amphiprotic Novel Chitosanase from Bacillus mycoides and Its Application in the Production of Chitooligomers with Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1302. [PMID: 27517920 PMCID: PMC5000699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this investigation were to produce a novel chitosanase for application in industries and waste treatment. The transformation of chitinous biowaste into valuable bioactive chitooligomers (COS) is one of the most exciting applications of chitosanase. An amphiprotic novel chitosanase from Bacillus mycoides TKU038 using squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium was retrieved from a Taiwan soil sample, which was purified by column chromatography, and characterized by biochemical protocol. Extracellular chitosanase (CS038) was purified to 130-fold with a 35% yield, and its molecular mass was roughly 48 kDa. CS038 was stable over a wide range of pH values (4-10) at 50 °C and exhibited an optimal temperature of 50 °C. Interestingly, the optimum pH values were estimated as 6 and 10, whereas CS038 exhibited chitosan-degrading activity (100% and 94%, respectively). CS038 had Km and Vmax values of 0.098 mg/mL and 1.336 U/min, separately, using different concentrations of water-soluble chitosan. A combination of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer data revealed that the chitosan oligosaccharides obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan by CS038 comprise oligomers with multiple degrees of polymerization (DP), varying from 3-9, as well as CS038 in an endolytic fashion. The TKU038 culture supernatant and COS mixture exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. The COS activities were dose dependent and correlated to their DP. The COS with high DP exhibited enhanced DPPH radical scavenging capability compared with COS with low DP. Furthermore, the COS exhibited inhibitory behavior on nitric oxide (NO) production in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, which was induced by Escherichia coli O111 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The COS with low DP possesses a more potent anti-inflammatory capability to decrease NO production (IC50, 76.27 ± 1.49 µg/mL) than that of COS with high DP (IC50, 82.65 ± 1.18 µg/mL). Given its effectiveness in production and purification, acidophilic and alkalophilic properties, stability over ranges of pH values, ability to generate COS, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory, CS038 has potential applications in SPP waste treatment and industries for COS production as a medical prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen Liang
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Po-Shen Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
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A highly Conserved Aspartic Acid Residue of the Chitosanase from Bacillus Sp. TS Is Involved in the Substrate Binding. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1167-1179. [PMID: 27318711 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The chitosanase from Bacillus sp. TS (CsnTS) is an enzyme belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 8. The sequence of CsnTS shares 98 % identity with the chitosanase from Bacillus sp. K17. Crystallography analysis and site-direct mutagenesis of the chitosanase from Bacillus sp. K17 identified the important residues involved in the catalytic interaction and substrate binding. However, despite progress in understanding the catalytic mechanism of the chitosanase from the family GH8, the functional roles of some residues that are highly conserved throughout this family have not been fully elucidated. This study focused on one of these residues, i.e., the aspartic acid residue at position 318. We found that apart from asparagine, mutation of Asp318 resulted in significant loss of enzyme activity. In-depth investigations showed that mutation of this residue not only impaired enzymatic activity but also affected substrate binding. Taken together, our results showed that Asp318 plays an important role in CsnTS activity.
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15
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Recent Progress in Chitosanase Production of Monomer-Free Chitooligosaccharides: Bioprocess Strategies and Future Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:883-899. [PMID: 27206559 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are well documented, and numerous reports of COS production using specific and non-specific enzymes are available. However, strategies for improving the overall yield by making it monomer free need to be developed. Continuous enzymatic production from chitosan derived from marine wastes is desirable and is cost-effective. Isolation of potential microbes showing chitosanase activity from various ecological niches, gene cloning, enzyme immobilization, and fractionation/purification of COS are some areas, where lot of work is in progress. This review covers recent measures to improve monomer-free COS production using chitosanase/non-specific enzymes and purification/fractionation of these molecules using ultrafiltration and column chromatographic techniques. Various bioprocess strategies, gene cloning for enhanced chitosanase enzyme production, and other measures for COS yield improvements have also been covered in this review. COS derivative preparation as well as COS-coated nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery are being focused in recent studies.
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16
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Araújo NKD, Pagnoncelli MGB, Pimentel VC, Xavier MLO, Padilha CEA, Macedo GRD, Santos ESD. Single-step purification of chitosanases from Bacillus cereus using expanded bed chromatography. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:291-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Zhou Z, Zhao S, Wang S, Li X, Su L, Ma Y, Li J, Song J. Extracellular overexpression of chitosanase from Bacillus sp. TS in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3271-86. [PMID: 25637506 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The chitosanase gene from a Bacillus sp. strain isolated from soil in East China was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene had 1224 nucleotides and encoded a mature protein of 407 amino acid residues. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified recombinant chitosanase were 5.0 and 60 °C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable below 40 °C. The K m, V max, and specific activity of the enzyme were 1.19 mg mL(-1), 674.71 μmol min(-1) at 50 °C, and 555.3 U mg(-1), respectively. Mn(2+) was an activator of the recombinant chitosanase, while Co(2+) was an inhibitor. Hg(2+) and Cu(2+) inhibited the enzyme at 1 mM. The highest level of enzyme activity (186 U mL(-1)) was achieved in culture medium using high cell-density cultivation in a 7-L fermenter. The main products of chitosan hydrolyzed by recombinant chitosanase were (GlcN)3-6. The chitosanases was successfully secreted to the culture media through the widely used SecB-dependent type II pathway in E. coli. The high yield of the extracellular overexpression, relevant thermostability, and effective hydrolysis of commercial grade chitosan showed that this recombinant enzyme had a great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China,
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18
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Li H, Fei Z, Gong J, Yang T, Xu Z, Shi J. Screening and characterization of a highly active chitosanase based on metagenomic technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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20
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Wang S. Heterologous Expression and Efficient Secretion of Chitosanase from Microbacterium sp. in Escherichia coli. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 55:194-9. [PMID: 25805906 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A recombinant expression vector, pCT7-CHISP6H, was constructed for the secretory expression of mature peptide of chitosanase (mMschito) from Microbacterium sp. OU01. The vector contains several elements, including T7 promoter, signal peptide sequence of mschito, 6 × His-tag sequence and PmaCI restriction enzyme cloning site. In pCT7-CHISP6H, mMschito was fused into signal peptide sequence of mschito gene to construct recombinant plasmid pCT7-CHISP6H-mMschito. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and then expressed. The recombinant protein was secreted into the Luria-Bertani broth and the chitosanase activity in supernatant of the culture could reach up to 67.56 U/mL. The rmMschito in the broth supernatant was purified using HisTrap™ FF Crude column and the purified rmMschito was shown to be apparent homogeneity by 12 % SDS-PAGE analysis. Detected by 4700 MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS, the molecular weight of the purified rmMschito was 26,758.1875 and it was consistent with the predicted molecular weight. Chitosan (degree of deacetylation of 99 %) was mostly hydrolyzed into chitopentaose, chitotriose, and chitobiose by the purified rmMschito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, 222005 China ; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071 China ; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, 222005 China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, 222005 China ; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, 222005 China
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21
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Sinha S, Chand S, Tripathi P. Production, purification and characterization of a new chitosanase enzyme and improvement of chitosan pentamer and hexamer yield in an enzyme membrane reactor. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.934364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Expression patterns of chitinase and chitosanase produced from Bacillus cereus in suppression of phytopathogen. Microb Pathog 2014; 73:31-6. [PMID: 24942773 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus MP-310 was incubated on various culture media substrates as LB, colloidal chitin, chitosan powder, and chitosan beads to investigate the concurrent expression patterns of chitinase and chitosanase isozymes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Chitinase activity increased rapidly with a maximum level after 6 days of incubation in CM-chitin medium. Major bands of chitinase isozymes were strongly expressed on SDS-PAGE in LB medium (four bands) and in colloidal chitin medium (five bands) after 6 days after incubation, and in chitosan powder medium (one band) and in chitosan beads medium (five bands) after 12 days after incubation. A major band of chitosanase isozymes was strongly expressed on SDS-PAGE in chitosan powder medium (one band) and in chitosan beads medium (one band) after 12 days of incubation.
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23
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Wang CL, Su JW, Liang TW, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Production, purification and characterisation of a chitosanase from Bacillus cereus. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Sinha S, Chand S, Tripathi P. Microbial degradation of chitin waste for production of chitosanase and food related bioactive compounds. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Liang TW, Chen YY, Pan PS, Wang SL. Purification of chitinase/chitosanase from Bacillus cereus and discovery of an enzyme inhibitor. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 63:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Zhang P, Zhou W, Wang P, Wang L, Tang M. Enhancement of chitosanase production by cell immobilization of Gongronella sp. JG. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:189-95. [PMID: 24159305 PMCID: PMC3804199 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanase production of Gongronella sp. JG cells immobilized in calcium alginate gel and polyurethane foam was compared with that of the free cells, there was a 60% increase in the enzyme yield (2429 U/L) compared to the highest yield obtained from free cells (1513 U/L). The optimal immobilization parameters (concentrations of sodium alginate, calcium chloride, bead inoculums, bead diameter, etc) for the enhanced production of chitosanase were determined as: sodium alginate 2% (w/v), 0.1 M calcium chloride, inoculum 10 mL beads to 100 mL production media and 2.7 mm bead diameter. Maximum chitosanase production was achieved with initial pH of 5.5 and temperature of 30 °C. The alginate beads had well stability, retained 85% ability of enzyme production even after 7 cycles of repeated batch fermentation. These results showed the immobilization technique was a feasible and economical method for chitosansase production by Gongronella sp. JG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China. ; School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
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27
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Liang TW, Hsieh JL, Wang SL. Production and purification of a protease, a chitosanase, and chitin oligosaccharides by Bacillus cereus TKU022 fermentation. Carbohydr Res 2012; 362:38-46. [PMID: 23079238 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A protease- and chitosanase-producing strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus TKU022. The protease and chitosanase were both produced using 1.5% (w/v) shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source, and these enzymes were purified from the culture supernatant. The molecular masses of the TKU022 protease and chitosanase determined using SDS-PAGE were approximately 45 and 44kDa, respectively. The high stability of the TKU022 protease toward surfactants, an optimal pH of 10 and an optimal temperature of 50-60°C suggest that this high-alkaline protease has potential applications for various industrial processes. Concomitant with the production of the TKU022 chitosanase, N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides were also observed in the culture supernatant, including (GlcNAc)(2), (GlcNAc)(4), (GlcNAc)(5), and (GlcNAc)(6) at concentrations of 201.5, 12.4, 0.5, and 0.3μg/mL, respectively, as determined using an HPLC analysis. The chitin oligosaccharides products were also characterized using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. A combination of the HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS results showed that the chitin oligosaccharides of the TKU022 culture supernatant comprise oligomers with degree of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 6. Using this method, the production of a protease, a chitosanase, and chitin oligosaccharides may be useful for various industrial and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen Liang
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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28
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Recombinant expression of chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis HD145 in Pichia pastoris. Carbohydr Res 2012; 352:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Chitooligosaccharides enzymatic production by Metarhizium anisopliae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 33:893-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Wang SL, Chen TR, Liang TW, Wu PC. Conversion and degradation of shellfish wastes by Bacillus cereus TKU018 fermentation for the production of chitosanases and bioactive materials. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Isogawa D, Fukuda T, Kuroda K, Kusaoke H, Kimoto H, Suye SI, Ueda M. Demonstration of catalytic proton acceptor of chitosanase from Paenibacillus fukuinensis by comprehensive analysis of mutant library. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:95-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 05/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Utilization of squid pen for the efficient production of chitosanase and antioxidants through prolonged autoclave treatment. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:979-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Liu YL, Jiang S, Ke ZM, Wu HS, Chi CW, Guo ZY. Recombinant expression of a chitosanase and its application in chitosan oligosaccharide production. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:815-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Characterization of a novel fungal chitosanase Csn2 from Gongronella sp. JG. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2583-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Xia W, Liu P, Liu J. Advance in chitosan hydrolysis by non-specific cellulases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:6751-6762. [PMID: 18328693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Besides the specific chitinase, chitosanase and lysozyme, chitosan also could be hydrolyzed by some non-specific enzymes such as cellulase, protease, lipase and pepsin, especially cellulase, which show high activity on chitosan. Almost all the cellulases produced by different kinds of microorganisms could degrade chitosan to chitooligomers. The existence of bifunctional enzymes with cellulase and chitosanase activity is one of the reasons for cellulase on chitosan hydrolysis. The bifunctional cellulase-chitosanases mainly belong to glycoside hydrolase family 8 (GH-8), few belong to GH-5 and GH-7, according to the homogeneity analysis of amino acids sequences. Their three dimensional structures however have not been clearly determined. This paper may serve as a guide for a further study on the relationship between structure and function of chitosanolytic cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshui Xia
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei, PR China.
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36
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Gao XA, Ju WT, Jung WJ, Park RD. Purification and characterization of chitosanase from Bacillus cereus D-11. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Purification and characterization of a chitosanase from a nattokinase producing strain Bacillus subtilis TKU007. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Zhou W, Yuan H, Wang J, Yao J. Production, purification and characterization of chitosanase produced by Gongronella sp. JG. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 46:49-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Zhang J, Sun Y. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a chitosanase from Microbacterium sp. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1221-5. [PMID: 17563859 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a chitosanase (mschito) was cloned from Microbacterium sp. OU01. The ORF consists of 801 bp which encoded a polypeptide of 266 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 98% identity to that of the chitosanase reported in Pseudomonas sp. A-01. In addition, the fusion protein containing MSCHITO was expressed in E. coli and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified rMSCHITO protein degraded the chitosan (the degree of deacetylation of 99%) and produced a mixture of chitooligosaccharides. The MSCHITO is thus an endo-chitosanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
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40
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Sun Y, Han B, Liu W, Zhang J, Gao X. Substrate induction and statistical optimization for the production of chitosanase from Microbacterium sp. OU01. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:1548-53. [PMID: 16930999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The chitosanase production was markedly enhanced by substrate induction, statistical optimization of medium composition and culture conditions by Microbacterium sp. OU01 in shake-flask. A significant influence of (NH(4))(2)SO(4), MgSO(4).7H(2)O and initial pH on chitosanase production was noted with Plackett-Burman design. It was then revealed with the method of steepest ascent and response surface methodology (RSM) that 19.0g/L (NH(4))(2)SO(4), 1.3g/L MgSO(4) and an initial pH of 2.0 were optimum for the production of chitosanase; colloidal chitosan appeared to be the best inducer for chitosanase production by Microbacterium sp. OU01. This optimization strategy led to the enhancement of chitosanase from 3.6U/mL to 118U/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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41
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Sun Y, Liu W, Han B, Zhang J, Liu B. Purification and Characterization of Two Types of Chitosanase from a Microbacterium sp. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1393-9. [PMID: 16820974 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two extracellular chitosanases (ChiX and ChiN) were extracted from Microbacterium sp. OU01 with Mr values of 81 kDa (ChiX) and 30 kDa (ChiN). ChiN was optimally active at pH 6.2 and 50 degrees C and ChiX at pH 6.6 and 60 degrees C (assayed over 15 min). Both the activities increased with the degree of deacetylation (DDA) of chitosan. ChiN hydrolyzed oligomers of glucosamine (GlcN) larger than chitopentaose, and chitosan with 62-100% DDA; but ChiX acted on chitosan and released GlcN. Hydrolysis of chitosan with 99% DDA by ChiN released chitobiose, chitotriose and chitotetraose as the major products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R China
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The Effects of Dietary Chitosan or Glucosamine HCl on Liver Lipid Concentrations and Fat Deposition in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.43.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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The Effects of Dietary Chitosan on Liver Lipid Concentrations in Broiler Chickens Treated with Propylthiouracil. J Poult Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.43.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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