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Arias A, Quiroz A, Santander N, Morselli E, Busso D. Implications of High-Density Cholesterol Metabolism for Oocyte Biology and Female Fertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941539. [PMID: 36187480 PMCID: PMC9518216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of animal cells. Different regulatory mechanisms converge to maintain adequate levels of this lipid because both its deficiency and excess are unfavorable. Low cell cholesterol content promotes its synthesis and uptake from circulating lipoproteins. In contrast, its excess induces the efflux to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and their transport to the liver for excretion, a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. Different studies suggest that an abnormal HDL metabolism hinders female fertility. HDL are the only lipoproteins detected in substantial amounts in follicular fluid (FF), and their size and composition correlate with embryo quality. Oocytes obtain cholesterol from cumulus cells via gap junctions because they cannot synthesize cholesterol de novo and lack HDL receptors. Recent evidence has supported the possibility that FF HDL play a major role in taking up excess unesterified cholesterol (UC) from the oocyte. Indeed, genetically modified mouse models with disruptions in reverse cholesterol transport, some of which show excessive circulating UC levels, exhibit female infertility. Cholesterol accumulation can affect the egg´s viability, as reported in other cell types, and activate the plasma membrane structure and activity of membrane proteins. Indeed, in mice deficient for the HDL receptor Scavenger Class B Type I (SR-B1), excess circulating HDL cholesterol and UC accumulation in oocytes impairs meiosis arrest and hinders the developmental capacity of the egg. In other cells, the addition of cholesterol activates calcium channels and dysregulates cell death/survival signaling pathways, suggesting that these mechanisms may link altered HDL cholesterol metabolism and infertility. Although cholesterol, and lipids in general, are usually not evaluated in infertile patients, one study reported high circulating UC levels in women showing longer time to pregnancy as an outcome of fertility. Based on the evidence described above, we propose the existence of a well-regulated and largely unexplored system of cholesterol homeostasis controlling traffic between FF HDL and oocytes, with significant implications for female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Arias
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alonso Quiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Santander
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Busso
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Dolores Busso,
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Huang Q, Liu Y, Yang Z, Xie Y, Mo Z. The Effects of Cholesterol Metabolism on Follicular Development and Ovarian Function. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:719-730. [PMID: 31526349 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190916155004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important substrate for the synthesis of ovarian sex hormones and has an important influence on follicular development. The cholesterol in follicular fluid is mainly derived from plasma. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) play important roles in ovarian cholesterol transport. The knockout of related receptors in the mammalian HDL and LDL pathways results in the reduction or absence of fertility, leading us to support the importance of cholesterol homeostasis in the ovary. However, little is known about ovarian cholesterol metabolism and the complex regulation of its homeostasis. Here, we reviewed the cholesterol metabolism in the ovary and speculated that regardless of the functioning of cholesterol metabolism in the system or the ovarian microenvironment, an imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis is likely to have an adverse effect on ovarian structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Nursing School, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuanjie Xie
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Zi XD, Lu JY, Zhou H, Ma L, Xia W, Xiong XR, Lan DL, Wu XH. Comparative analysis of ovarian transcriptomes between prolific and non-prolific goat breeds via high-throughput sequencing. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:344-351. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X-D Zi
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
| | - J-Y Lu
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
| | - H Zhou
- The Hospital of Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
| | - L Ma
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
| | - W Xia
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
| | - X-R Xiong
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
| | - D-L Lan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
| | - X-H Wu
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu China
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Zeng TT, Tang DJ, Ye YX, Su J, Jiang H. Influence of SCARB1 gene SNPs on serum lipid levels and susceptibility to coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction in a Chinese population. Gene 2017; 626:319-325. [PMID: 28552715 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The SCARB1 gene encodes human scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), the primary receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesteryl ester uptake, and polymorphisms in this gene may influence SR-BI protein expression and serum lipid levels, modulating susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebral infarction (CI). Therefore, we investigated the association between singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SCARB1 gene and serum lipid levels as well as risk of CHD and CI in the Chinese Han population. Genotypes in 295 CHD patients, 302 CI patients and 312 healthy controls matched for age and gender were determined by high-resolution melting (HRM). Among the 5 SNPs investigated in this study, rs10846744 and rs2278986 were significantly associated with CHD risk. The frequency of the C allele for rs10846744 and that of the T allele for rs2278986 appeared to be significantly increased in the CHD group (OR: 1.416, 95%CI: 1.128-1.778, P=0.0058 and OR: 1.681, 95%CI: 1.327-2.130, P<0.0001, respectively). CHD patients with genotypes CC and CG for rs10846744 had a higher HDL-c level than those with genotype GG, and CHD patients with genotypes CC and CT for the rs2278986 SNP had a higher HDL-c level compared to those with the TT allele. The other 3 SNPs, rs5888, rs10744182 and rs838893, showed no significant association with serum lipid levels and CHD or CI risk in the Chinese population. The CCCTT and CCTTC haplotypes of rs5888, rs10846744, rs10744182, rs2278986 and rs838893 appear to significantly increase CHD risk, whereas the CGTTC, CCTCT and TGCTC haplotypes appear to significantly reduce risk. Overall, the CCTTC and TGTTC haplotypes acted as a significant risk for CI, with the CGCTC and CCCCT haplotypes conferring significantly reduced risk. These results suggest that SCARB1 gene polymorphisms may contribute to genetic susceptibility to CHD; in particular, the C allele of rs10846744 and the C allele of rs2278986 may serve as risk and protective factors for CHD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Di-Jiao Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, PR China
| | - Yuan-Xin Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Hoekstra M. SR-BI as target in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease - A comprehensive appraisal of the cellular functions of SR-BI in physiology and disease. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Excess cholesterol induces mouse egg activation and may cause female infertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4972-80. [PMID: 25368174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418954111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The HDL receptor scavenger receptor, class B type I (SR-BI) controls the structure and fate of plasma HDL. Female SR-BI KO mice are infertile, apparently because of their abnormal cholesterol-enriched HDL particles. We examined the growth and meiotic progression of SR-BI KO oocytes and found that they underwent normal germinal vesicle breakdown; however, SR-BI KO eggs, which had accumulated excess cholesterol in vivo, spontaneously activated, and they escaped metaphase II (MII) arrest and progressed to pronuclear, MIII, and anaphase/telophase III stages. Eggs from fertile WT mice were activated when loaded in vitro with excess cholesterol by a cholesterol/methyl-β-cyclodextrin complex, phenocopying SR-BI KO oocytes. In vitro cholesterol loading of eggs induced reduction in maturation promoting factor and MAPK activities, elevation of intracellular calcium, extrusion of a second polar body, and progression to meiotic stages beyond MII. These results suggest that the infertility of SR-BI KO females is caused, at least in part, by excess cholesterol in eggs inducing premature activation and that cholesterol can activate WT mouse eggs to escape from MII arrest. Analysis of SR-BI KO female infertility raises the possibility that abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism might underlie some cases of human female infertility of unknown etiology.
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van Montfoort AP, Plösch T, Hoek A, Tietge UJ. Impact of maternal cholesterol metabolism on ovarian follicle development and fertility. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 104-105:32-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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DeAngelis AM, Roy-O'Reilly M, Rodriguez A. Genetic alterations affecting cholesterol metabolism and human fertility. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:117. [PMID: 25122065 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent genetic variations among individuals in a population. In medicine, these small variations in the DNA sequence may significantly impact an individual's response to certain drugs or influence the risk of developing certain diseases. In the field of reproductive medicine, a significant amount of research has been devoted to identifying polymorphisms which may impact steroidogenesis and fertility. This review discusses current understanding of the effects of genetic variations in cholesterol metabolic pathways on human fertility that bridge novel linkages between cholesterol metabolism and reproductive health. For example, the role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in cellular metabolism and human reproduction has been well studied, whereas there is now an emerging body of research on the role of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in human lipid metabolism and female reproduction. Identifying and understanding how polymorphisms in the SCARB1 gene or other genes related to lipid metabolism impact human physiology is essential and will play a major role in the development of personalized medicine for improved diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annabelle Rodriguez
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Chadwick AC, Sahoo D. Functional genomics of the human high-density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor BI: an old dog with new tricks. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2013; 20:124-31. [PMID: 23403740 PMCID: PMC3967407 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32835ed575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The athero-protective role of scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is primarily attributed to its ability to selectively transfer cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to the liver during reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In this review, we highlight recent findings that reveal the impact of SR-BI on lipid levels and cardiovascular disease in humans. Moreover, additional responsibilities of SR-BI in modulating adrenal and platelet function, as well as female fertility in humans, are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Heterozygote carriers of P297S, S112F and T175A-mutant SR-BI receptors were identified in patients with high HDL-cholesterol levels. HDL from P297S-SR-BI carriers was unable to mediate macrophage cholesterol efflux, whereas hepatocytes expressing P297S-SR-BI were unable to mediate the selective uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters. S112F and T175A-mutant receptors exhibited similar impaired cholesterol transport functions in vitro. Reduced SR-BI function in P297S carriers was also associated with decreased steroidogenesis and altered platelet function. Further, human population studies identified SCARB1 variants associated with female infertility. SUMMARY Identification of SR-BI variants confirms the key role of this receptor in influencing lipid levels and RCT in humans. A deeper understanding of the contributions of SR-BI to steroidogenesis, platelet function and fertility is required in light of exploration of HDL-raising therapies aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Chadwick
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: H4930 Health Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, Phone: 1-414-955-7414; Fax: 1-414-456-6570,
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Williams KJ. What does HDL do? A new mechanism to slow atherogenesis – But a new problem in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:36-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Christianson MS, Yates M. Scavenger receptor class B type 1 gene polymorphisms and female fertility. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19:115-20. [PMID: 22261999 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283505771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple studies have demonstrated a role for scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) in female fertility. Recent studies have implicated specific SR-B1 gene polymorphisms in decreased progesterone production and suboptimal fertility outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS The lipoprotein receptor SR-B1 has been known to mediate selective uptake of lipids into steroidogenic tissues such as the ovaries. SR-B1 plays a major role in the ability of the corpus luteum to produce progesterone, which is known to play a key role in sustaining early pregnancy. Animal studies have demonstrated that deficiency in SR-B1 results in subfertility that can be restored with addition of SR-B1 function. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SCARB1, the gene encoding SR-B1, have been associated with human lipid levels. Women undergoing infertility treatment with low SR-B1 expression in granulosa cells were noted to have plasma estradiol levels half the normal levels and a significantly lower number of retrieved oocytes. In vitro, deficiency of SR-B1 is associated with lower progesterone secretion in human granulosa cells. Certain SR-B1 polymorphisms have been associated with lower follicular progesterone levels and a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate. SUMMARY Deficiency of SR-B1, particularly due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms, could explain some features of female human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S Christianson
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, Maryland 20193, USA
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Yates M, Kolmakova A, Zhao Y, Rodriguez A. Clinical impact of scavenger receptor class B type I gene polymorphisms on human female fertility. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1910-6. [PMID: 21531995 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of SCARB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fertility outcomes in women undergoing IVF. METHODS Between November 2007 and March 2010, granulosa cells and follicular fluid were collected from women undergoing IVF. Five SCARB1 SNPs were sequenced and progesterone levels were measured in the follicular fluid. Fertility measurements were defined as the presence of gestational sac(s) and fetal heartbeat(s). RESULTS The study group consisted of 274 women (mean age of 36.4 ± 4.6 years). The racial/ethnic composition was 55% Caucasian (n = 152), 25% African-American (n = 68), 12% Asian (n = 34), 5% Hispanic, (n = 14) and 2% other (n = 6). There was a significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the SCARB1 SNPs across the groups. Subjects who were homozygous for the minor allele in the rs5888 SNP had higher follicular progesterone levels than those who were homozygous for the major allele (P = 0.03). In the Caucasian group, carriers of the minor A allele of the rs4238001 SNP had lower follicular progesterone levels compared with homozygous carriers of the major G allele (P = 0.04). In this group, follicular progesterone levels were highly predictive of the rs4238001 SNP (P = 0.03). In the entire cohort, minor allele carriers of rs4238001 did not have any viable fetuses at Day 42 following embryo transfers (P = 0.04). In the African-American group in particular, there was also an association between rs10846744 and gestational sac(s) (P = 0.006), and fetal heartbeat(s) (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In part, SCARB1 rs4238001 and rs10846744 SNPs may contribute to human female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Yates
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kolmakova A, Wang J, Brogan R, Chaffin C, Rodriguez A. Deficiency of scavenger receptor class B type I negatively affects progesterone secretion in human granulosa cells. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5519-27. [PMID: 20844007 PMCID: PMC3208332 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to examine the effect of deficiency of the lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), on progesterone secretion in human granulosa cells (HGL5). Scrambled or SR-BI small interfering RNA [knockdown (KD)] cells were exposed to dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO, vehicle for forskolin (Fo)], Fo, serum, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or Fo plus lipoproteins or serum for 24 h. Progesterone secretion was lower in all of the SR-BI KD cells regardless of treatment. We examined progesterone secretion in SR-BI KD, LDL receptor KD, and double KD cells incubated with DMSO, Fo, LDL, or Fo + LDL for 6-24 h. As compared with scrambled cells, progesterone secretion was lower in SR-BI and double KD cells regardless of treatment; whereas progesterone secretion was only lower in LDL receptor KD cells incubated with LDL and Fo + LDL. We measured phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (pHSL) expression, intracellular total cholesterol (TC) mass, and progesterone secretion in scrambled and SR-BI KD cells incubated with DMSO or Fo for 2-24 h. The expression of pHSL was similar between the cells and conditions. The mean change in TC mass and progesterone secretion was lower in SR-BI KD cells exposed to DMSO and Fo. Incubating SR-BI KD cells with 22-hydroxy cholesterol did not overcome the reduction in progesterone secretion. At different time points, RNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, side-chain cleavage, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was significantly lower in SR-BI KD cells incubated with Fo. In conclusion, SR-BI protein deficiency, in part, might explain progesterone deficiency in some infertile women.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Granulosa Cells/drug effects
- Granulosa Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, HDL/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Progesterone/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Radioimmunoassay
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Kolmakova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21215, USA
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Robker RL, Akison LK, Bennett BD, Thrupp PN, Chura LR, Russell DL, Lane M, Norman RJ. Obese women exhibit differences in ovarian metabolites, hormones, and gene expression compared with moderate-weight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1533-40. [PMID: 19223519 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obese women experience longer times to conception, even if they are young and cycling regularly, which is suggestive of alterations in ovarian function during the periconceptual period. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine whether there are alterations in the preovulatory follicular environment that are likely to influence oocyte developmental competence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Women attending a private infertility clinic were categorized into body mass index (BMI) groups of moderate (n = 33; BMI 20-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (n = 31; BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2)), and obese (n =32; BMI >or=30 kg/m(2)). INTERVENTION For each patient, follicular fluid was recovered from single follicles at oocyte retrieval, granulosa cells were pooled from multiple follicular aspirates and cumulus cells were pooled after separation from the oocytes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Follicle fluid was assayed for hormones and metabolites. Granulosa and cumulus cells were analyzed for mRNA expression of insulin signaling components (IRS-2 and Glut4), glucose-regulated genes (ChREBP, ACC, and FAS) and insulin-regulated genes (SREBP-1, CD36, and SR-BI) associated with obesity/insulin resistance. RESULTS Increasing BMI was associated with increased follicular fluid insulin (P < 0.001), lactate (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P = 0.0003), and C-reactive protein (P < 0.0001) as well as decreased SHBG (P = 0.001). IRS-2, Glut4, ChREBP, and SREBP exhibited cell-type-specific expression but were not affected by BMI. CD36 and SRBI mRNA were modestly altered in granulosa cells of obese compared with moderate-weight women. CONCLUSIONS Obese women exhibit an altered ovarian follicular environment, particularly increased metabolite, C-reactive protein, and androgen activity levels, which may be associated with poorer reproductive outcomes typically observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Robker
- The Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia.
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West M, Greason E, Kolmakova A, Jahangiri A, Asztalos B, Pollin TI, Rodriguez A. Scavenger receptor class B type I protein as an independent predictor of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1451-7. [PMID: 19158204 PMCID: PMC2682469 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In mice, scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) receptor protein deficiency is associated with elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the relationship between SR-BI protein and HDL-C levels in humans. DESIGN This was a prospective study of adults with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Fasting blood was obtained for lipid and lipoprotein measurement, genomic DNA, and monocyte-derived macrophages. SR-BI protein levels were measured by Western blots, and SR-BI activity was measured by cholesteryl ester (CE) uptake of each donor's radiolabeled HDL with their monocyte-derived macrophages, or by degradation and specific cell association of dual-labeled HDL in vitro. SETTING The study was performed in a tertiary university teaching hospital. RESULTS The mean age was 57.2 +/- 10.9 yr (n = 65). SR-BI protein levels were inversely associated with HDL-C levels (P < 0.002), HDL particle size (P < 0.05), and positively associated with CE uptake (P < 0.004); there was no association with plasma apolipoprotein levels. SR-BI protein levels (P = 0.01) were independent predictors of HDL-C levels. Subjects who were carriers of the A allele for the rs4238001 (glycine to serine at position 2) polymorphism [single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)] had lower SR-BI protein levels (P = 0.01), whereas carriers of the C allele for the rs2278986 SNP also had lower SR-BI protein levels (P = 0.02). Body mass index (P = 0.05), rs4238001 (P = 0.01), and rs2278986 (P = 0.01) SNPs were independent predictors of SR-BI protein levels. In vitro studies of murine macrophages stably expressing the glycine to serine at position 2 SNP showed less degradation (P < 0.0004) and specific cell association (P < 0.0004) of [(125)I, (3)H]-CE-labeled HDL. CONCLUSIONS SR-BI protein has an independent effect on HDL-C levels in women with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Two SNPs were significantly associated with lower SR-BI protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Cherian-Shaw M, Puttabyatappa M, Greason E, Rodriguez A, VandeVoort CA, Chaffin CL. Expression of scavenger receptor-BI and low-density lipoprotein receptor and differential use of lipoproteins to support early steroidogenesis in luteinizing macaque granulosa cells. Endocrinology 2009; 150:957-65. [PMID: 18832102 PMCID: PMC2646541 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An ovulatory hCG stimulus to rhesus macaques undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation protocols results in a rapid and sustained increase in progesterone synthesis. The use of lipoproteins as a substrate for progesterone synthesis remains unclear, and the expression of lipoprotein receptors [very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI)] soon after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (<12 h) has not been characterized. This study investigated lipoprotein receptor expression and lipoprotein (VLDL, LDL, and HDL) support of steroidogenesis during luteinization of macaque granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were aspirated from rhesus monkeys undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation before or up to 24 h after an ovulatory hCG stimulus. The expression of VLDLR decreased within 3 h of hCG, whereas LDLR and SR-BI increased at 3 and 12 h, respectively. Granulosa cells isolated before hCG were cultured for 24 h in the presence of FSH or FSH plus hCG with or without VLDL, LDL, or HDL. Progesterone levels increased in the presence of hCG regardless of lipoprotein addition, although LDL, but not HDL, further augmented hCG-induced progesterone. Other cells were cultured with FSH or FSH plus hCG without an exogenous source of lipoprotein for 24 h, followed by an additional 24 h culture with or without lipoproteins. Cells treated with hCG in the absence of any lipoprotein were unable to maintain progesterone levels through 48 h, whereas LDL (but not HDL) sustained progesterone synthesis. These data suggest that an ovulatory stimulus rapidly mobilizes stored cholesterol esters for use as a progesterone substrate and that as these are depleted, new cholesterol esters are obtained through an LDLR- and/or SR-BI-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Diabetes and the endocrine pancreas II. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:329-57. [PMID: 17940461 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282c3a898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Roberts CG, Shen H, Mitchell BD, Damcott CM, Shuldiner AR, Rodriguez A. Variants in scavenger receptor class B type I gene are associated with HDL cholesterol levels in younger women. Hum Hered 2007; 64:107-13. [PMID: 17476110 PMCID: PMC2861530 DOI: 10.1159/000101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variants within the scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) receptor gene have been previously associated with lipid levels, especially in women, with some studies reporting the association to be stronger in the presence of diabetes or post-menopausal estrogen use. Based on the reported gender-specific association and modification effect of estrogen on lipid levels according to SCARB1 variants, we explored the relationship between SCARBI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lipid levels in an Amish population to assess sex and age differences. METHODS Eight SCARB1 SNPs, identified from public databases, were genotyped in 919 subjects. RESULTS Rs5888 and rs3782287 were in high linkage disequilibrium (LD), with r(2) > 0.8. None of the SNPs were significantly associated with lipid levels in men; however in women, rs5888 (p = 0.04) and rs5891 (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels. Rs5891 had an allele frequency of 3% and predicts a missense mutation (Ile135Val), which may be functional. Moreover, rs3782287 (p = 0.023) and rs5888 (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels in women younger than 50 years but not in women aged 50 years or older (p for interaction between age and rs5888 = 0.045). None of the SNP effects on HDL-C were modified in the presence of diabetes, in either men or women. CONCLUSIONS SCARB1 SNPs influence HDL-C levels in women, particularly in those less than 50 years old. CONDENSED ABSTRACT We assessed associations between SCARB1 SNPs and lipid traits in 919 Amish men and women. Two SNPs, rs3782287 and rs5888, were significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels in women younger than 50 years but not in women aged 50 years or older, supporting an interaction between common sequence variants in SCARB1 and estrogen on HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G.P. Roberts
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Haiqing Shen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Coleen M. Damcott
- Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Annabelle Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
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