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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative live birth rate in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection (IVF/ICSI) according to the type of chronic viral infection [HIV, hepatitis-B virus (HBV) and hepatitis-C virus (HCV)]. DESIGN A cohort study. SETTING A tertiary-care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Women with a chronic viral illness HIV, HBV or HCV- were followed until four IVF/ICSI cycles had been completed, until delivery or until discontinuation of the treatment before the completion of four cycles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the cumulative live birth rate after up to four IVF/ICSI cycles. RESULTS A total of 235 women were allocated to the HIV-infected group (n = 101), the HBV-infected group (n = 114) and the HCV-infected group (n = 20). The cumulative live birth rate after four cycles was significantly lower in the HIV-infected women than in those with HBV [39.1%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 17.7-60.9 versus 52.8%, 95% CI: 41.6-65.5, respectively; P = 0.004]. Regarding the obstetrical outcomes, the mean birth weight was lower in the HIV-infected women than in those with HBV or HCV. Multivariate analysis indicated that the age, the anti-Müllerian hormone and the number of cycles performed were significantly associated with the chances of a live birth. CONCLUSION HIV-infected women had lower cumulative live birth rate than women with chronic hepatitis, and this was due to less favourable ovarian reserve parameters. These findings underscore the need to better inform practitioners and patients regarding fertility issues and the importance of early fertility assessment. However, larger studies are necessary to gain more in-depth knowledge of the direct impact of HIV on live birth rates.
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Ezzati M, Velaei K, Kheirjou R. Melatonin and its mechanism of action in the female reproductive system and related malignancies. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3177-3190. [PMID: 33864572 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), the main product of pineal gland in vertebrates, is well known for its multifunctional role which has great influences on the reproductive system. Recent studies documented that melatonin is a powerful free radical scavenger that affects the reproductive system function and female infertility by MT1 and MT2 receptors. Furthermore, cancer researches indicate the influence of melatonin on the modulation of tumor cell signaling pathways resulting in growth inhibitor of the both in vivo/in vitro models. Cancer adjuvant therapy can also benefit from melatonin through therapeutic impact and decreasing the side effects of radiation and chemotherapy. This article reviews the scientific evidence about the influence of melatonin and its mechanism of action on the fertility potential, physiological alteration, and anticancer efficacy, during experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ezzati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO. Box: 51376563833, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Kheirjou
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Farsimadan M, Motamedifar M. The effects of human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus-1 and -2, human herpesvirus-6 and -8, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C virus on female fertility and pregnancy. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 78:1-11. [PMID: 32726192 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1803540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female infertility may be defined as a woman of reproductive age being unable to become pregnant after a year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Social, genetic, endocrine, physiological, and psychological factors as well as lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking and alcohol consumption), either alone or in combination with male factors, are major causes. However, approximately 15-30% of cases of female infertility remain unexplained. Numerous investigations have also indicated that microbiomes play an important role in human reproduction. All parts of the female reproductive system may be influenced by infectious and pathological agents, especially viruses, and these may interfere with reproductive function and so are risk factors for infertility, although in many cases an exact role is unclear. We present an overview of the impact of common viral infections on female reproduction, searching Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases for potentially relevant studies of viruses known to have a potential effect. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human herpesvirus (HHV) increase infertility rates whilst human papillomavirus (HPV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV) infections mostly lead to higher abortion and miscarriage rates. Moreover, HPV infection is linked to increased tubal infertility, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. HPV was the most frequently observed infection and with lower pregnancy rate and foetal death in women undergoing IVF treatments. Assisted reproductive treatment could be a safe and effective approach for HIV and HBV infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farsimadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan , Rasht, Iran
| | - M Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, and Shiraz HIV/Aids Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Karampatou A, Han X, Kondili LA, Taliani G, Ciancio A, Morisco F, Critelli RM, Baraldi E, Bernabucci V, Troshina G, Guarino M, Tagliavini S, D'Ambrosio F, Bristot L, Turco L, Rosato S, Vella S, Trenti T, Neri I, La Marca A, Manthena S, Goldstein AS, Bruno S, Bao Y, Gonzalez YS, Villa E. Premature ovarian senescence and a high miscarriage rate impair fertility in women with HCV. J Hepatol 2017; 68:S0168-8278(17)32259-6. [PMID: 28882581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Premenopausal women who are HCV positive (HCV+) have failing ovarian function, which is likely to impact their fertility. Thus, we investigated the reproductive history, risk of infertility, and pregnancy outcomes in women of childbearing age who were HCV+. METHODS Three different groups were studied: (1) Clinical cohort: 100 women who were HCV+ and also had chronic liver disease (CLD), age matched with 50 women who were HBV+ with CLD and with 100 healthy women; all women were consecutively observed in three gastroenterology units in hospitals in Italy; (2) 1,998 women who were HCV+ and enrolled in the Italian Platform for the Study of Viral Hepatitis Therapies (PITER); (3) 6,085 women, who were mono-infected with HCV, and 20,415 women, who were HCV-, from a large de-identified insurance database from the USA. MEASUREMENTS total fertility rate (TFR) defined as the average number of children that a woman would bear during her lifetime. To define the reproductive stage of each participant, levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and 17β-estradiol were measured. RESULTS Clinical cohort: women who were either HCV+ or HBV+ had similar CLD severity and age at first pregnancy. Based on a multivariate analysis, women who were HCV+ had a higher risk of miscarriage than those who were HBV+ (odds ratio [OR] 6,905; 95% CI 1.771-26.926). Among women who were HCV+, incidence of miscarriage was correlated with median AMH level (1.0 ng/ml). Achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR) after antiviral treatment reduced the risk of miscarriage (OR 0.255; 95% CI 0.090-0.723). In the PITER-HCV cohort, miscarriage occurred in 42.0% of women (44.6% had multiple miscarriages). TFR for women who were HCV+ and between 15 and 49 years of age was 0.7 vs. 1.37 of Italian population of the same age range. In the US cohort: compared with women who were HCV-, women who were HCV+ positive were significantly more likely to have infertility (OR 2.439; 95% CI 2.130-2.794), premature birth (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.060-1.690), gestational diabetes (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.020-1.510), and pre-eclampsia (OR 1.206; 95% CI 0.935-1.556), and were less likely to have a live birth (OR 0.754; 95% CI 0.622-0.913). CONCLUSIONS Ovarian senescence in women of childbearing age who are HCV+ is associated with a lower chance of live birth, greater risk of infertility, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and miscarriage. Such risks could be positively influenced by successful HCV cure. LAY SUMMARY Most new cases of HCV infection are among people who inject drugs, many of whom are young women in their childbearing years. Women of reproductive age who are HCV+ display markers of ovarian senescence. This is associated with an increased burden in terms of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirth, miscarriage, fewer live births, and gestational diabetes. Early viral suppression with therapy is likely to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia Karampatou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Xue Han
- Leonard D. Schaeffer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loreta A Kondili
- Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Taliani
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciancio
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Rosina Maria Critelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrica Baraldi
- Clinical Pathology-Toxicology, Ospedale S Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Bernabucci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Troshina
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Guarino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | | | - Federica D'Ambrosio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bristot
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Turco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Rosato
- Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vella
- Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Clinical Pathology-Toxicology, Ospedale S Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Neri
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Savino Bruno
- Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Erica Villa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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5
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Segna D, Dufour JF. Other Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection (Pulmonary, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Nondiabetes Endocrine Disorders). Clin Liver Dis 2017; 21:607-629. [PMID: 28689597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are a rare but serious condition. This article summarizes the current literature on the association between HCV and endocrine and pulmonary manifestations, as well as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). HCV may directly infect extrahepatic tissues and interact with the immune system predisposing for obstructive and interstitial lung disease, ITP, autoimmune thyroiditis, infertility, growth hormone and adrenal deficiencies, osteoporosis, and potentially lung and thyroid cancers. However, in many cases, the current evidence is divergent and cannot sufficiently confirm a true association, which emphasizes the need for future targeted projects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Segna
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital - Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, Bern 3010, Switzerland; Division of Hepatology, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital- Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital- Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
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6
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In vitro fertilization for women infected by hepatitis C virus: a matched case-control study and a systematic literature review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:587-597. [PMID: 28236107 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether infection of women by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) reduces the chance of conceiving after in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS We performed a retrospective blind matched case-control study where IVF outcomes for the first 37 cycles of HCV sero-positive women were compared to those of 107 cycles of an uninfected control group. Our results were included in a systematic literature review. RESULTS Out of five eligible studies, ours included, three observed an impact of HCV infection, though at various levels including response to stimulation, fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy rates. Two studies differentiated results for patients with confirmed active viral replication. Matching criteria and populations studied varied between studies. CONCLUSIONS More and larger studies with well-defined groups are needed to clarify the eventual impact of the HCV on IVF outcomes. Data concerning the infectious status of a patient as well as her health state should be systematically recorded. A multi-disciplinary approach as well as a thorough knowledge of the patient's general health state might prove useful in the management and counseling of these patients in terms of success in conceiving.
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7
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Scherzer R, Greenblatt RM, Merhi ZO, Kassaye S, Lambert-Messerlian G, Maki PM, Murphy K, Karim R, Bacchetti P. Use of antimüllerian hormone to predict the menopausal transition in HIV-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 216:46.e1-46.e11. [PMID: 27473002 PMCID: PMC5182170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection has been associated with early menopausal onset, which may have adverse long-term health consequences. Antimüllerian hormone, a biomarker of ovarian reserve and gonadal aging, is reduced in HIV-infected women. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the relationship of antimüllerian hormone to age of menopause onset in HIV-infected women. STUDY DESIGN We used antimüllerian hormone levels measured in plasma in 2461 HIV-infected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study to model the age at final menstrual period. Multivariable normal mixture models for censored data were used to identify factors associated with age at final menstrual period. RESULTS Higher antimüllerian hormone at age 40 years was associated with later age at final menstrual period, even after multivariable adjustment for smoking, CD4 cell count, plasma HIV RNA, hepatitis C infection, and history of clinical AIDS. Each doubling of antimüllerian hormone was associated with a 1.5-year increase in the age at final menstrual period. Median age at final menstrual period ranged from 45 years for those in the 10th percentile of antimüllerian hormone to 52 years for those in the 90th percentile. Other factors independently associated with earlier age at final menstrual period included smoking, hepatitis C infection, higher HIV RNA levels, and history of clinical AIDS. CONCLUSION Antimüllerian hormone is highly predictive of age at final menstrual period in HIV-infected women. Measuring antimüllerian hormone in HIV-infected women may enable clinicians to predict risk of early menopause, and potentially implement individualized treatment plans to prevent menopause-related comorbidities and to aid in interpretation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Scherzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ruth M Greenblatt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Zaher O Merhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Pauline M Maki
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kerry Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Peter Bacchetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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8
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Stora C, Epelboin S, Devouche E, Matheron S, Epelboin L, Yazbeck C, Damond F, Longuet P, Dzineku F, Rajguru M, Delaroche L, Mandelbrot L, Luton D, Patrat C. Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have poorer assisted reproduction outcomes: a case-control study. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1193-1201. [PMID: 26801068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) versus HIV-negative controls. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING University hospital ART unit. PATIENT(S) Eighty-two women infected with HIV-1 and 82 women as seronegative controls. INTERVENTION(S) Ovarian stimulation, oocytes retrieval, standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Clinical pregnancies and live-birth rates. RESULT(S) After oocyte retrieval, all women infected with HIV-1 infected were matched 1:1 to HIV-negative controls according to the following criteria: date of ART attempt, age, parity, main cause of infertility, ART technique, and rank of attempt. Only the first IVF cycle during the study period was considered for each couple. We found no statistically significant differences between the two groups for ovarian stimulation data, fertilization rate, or average number of embryos transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was statistically significantly lower for the cases compared with the controls (12% vs. 32%), as were the implantation rate (10% vs. 21%) and the live-birth rate (7% vs. 19%). CONCLUSION(S) In one of the largest studies to pair six factors that influence the results of ART, HIV infection in women was associated with poorer outcomes after ART. These results suggest that women with controlled HIV-1-infection should be counseled not to delay ART in cases of self-insemination failure or other causes of infertility. Fertility preservation by vitrification of oocytes in women whose pregnancy should be delayed may be an important future consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Stora
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Epelboin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuel Devouche
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Process, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Matheron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Andrée Rosemon Hospital, Guiana University, Pasteur Institute of Guiana (EPaT) EA 3593, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Chadi Yazbeck
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Florence Damond
- Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Longuet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris France
| | - Frederick Dzineku
- Department of Gynecology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Affilié-Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mandovi Rajguru
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Delaroche
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | - Dominique Luton
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Patrat
- Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Reproductive Biology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
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9
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Abstract
Infertility treatment in couples where one or both parents are infected with hepatitis raises many concerns about transmission of the infection to the baby, laboratory technicians, and medical staff, and contamination of other gametes/embryos that are from virus-free parents in the same laboratory. Exposure to the other partner is only a risk when the couple's hepatitis status is discordant. The management of infertility, in association with HBV or HCV, has sparked debates about the potential risk of spread of infection to virus-free individuals, embryos, and/or semen. This risk can only be minimized or eliminated by the use of SOPs for safety in fertility clinics and by the use of proper initial detection and segregation of potentially hazardous materials. HBV may interfere with the development of embryos and even result in abortion and other adverse outcomes. Although sexual transmission of HCV is very low, in subfertile or infertile couples sperm washing should be used to treat HCV-positive semen before ART. Testing for HBsAg and HCV should be offered to high-risk infertile couples seeking fertility therapy to reduce the potential risk of transmission to an uninfected partner, baby, staff members, and disease-free gametes and embryos in the same laboratory. Testing for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV status should be performed on the couple prior to cryopreservation of semen or embryos.
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10
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Shim HM, Hwang JY, Lee KM, Kim Y, Jeong D, Roh J, Choi H, Hwang JH, Park H. Coxsackievirus B3 infection reduces female mouse fertility. Exp Anim 2015; 64:343-52. [PMID: 26062767 PMCID: PMC4637370 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection during early gestation as a
cause of pregnancy loss. Here, we investigated the impacts of CVB3 infection on female
mouse fertility. Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression and CVB3 replication
in the ovary were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR). CAR was highly expressed in granulosa cells (GCs) and CVB3
replicated in the ovary. Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the number
of atretic follicles in the ovaries of CVB3-infected mice (CVBM). Estrous cycle evaluation
demonstrated that a higher number of CVBM were in proestrus compared to mock mice (CVBM
vs. mock; 61.5%, 28.5%, respectively). Estradiol concentration in GC culture supernatant
and serum were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline and stimulated
levels of estradiol in GC were decreased in CVBM, consistent with significantly reduced
serum levels in these animals. In addition, aromatase transcript levels in GCs from CVBM
were also decreased by 40% relative to the mock. Bone mineral density evaluated by
micro-computed tomography was significantly decreased in the CVBM. Moreover, the fertility
rate was also significantly decreased for the CVBM compared to the mock (CVBM vs. mock;
20%, 94.7%, respectively). This study suggests that CVB3 infection could interfere with
reproduction by disturbing ovarian function and cyclic changes of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 705-703, Republic of Korea
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11
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Shi L, Liu S, Zhao W, Zhou H, Ren W, Shi J. Hepatitis B virus infection reduces fertilization ability during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1099-104. [PMID: 24760595 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection impairs human infertility is unclear. The present retrospective case-controlled study investigated the impact of HBV on sperm parameters, ovarian stimulation, and outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. A total of 224 couples with at least one partner being HBsAg-seropositive undergoing their first IVF and embryo transfer cycle were identified, which included 77 couples with female partners being HBsAg-seropositive, 136 couples with male partners being HBsAg-seropositive, and 11 couples with both partners being HBsAg-seropositive. A total of 448 both HBsAg-seronegative couples served as controls. The percentage of normal sperm morphology was significantly lower in HBsAg-seropositive male partners than that in HBsAg-seronegative male partners (11.9 ± 9.4% vs. 19.0 ± 11.9%, P < 0.01). The duration of infertility was significantly prolonged in HBV-seropositive patients compared with HBV-seronegative patients (4.9 vs. 4.1 years, P < 0.01). Couples with female partners being HBsAg-seropositive had significantly lower top-quality embryo rate than control group (22.4% vs. 31.6%, P < 0.01). In addition, the fertilization rates in groups with male or female partners being HBsAg-seropositive were both significantly lower than the matched controls (80.2% vs. 82.8%, P < 0.05; 76.6% vs. 84.3%, P < 0.01, respectively). HBV infection was also found to be associated negatively with fertilization rate by logistic regression analysis (odds ratios: 0.410, 95% confidence interval: 0.186-0.906, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rates between HBsAg-seropositive and HBsAg-seronegative group. These results suggest that chronic HBV infection is likely to represent a significant cause of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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12
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Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:453-61. [PMID: 24419931 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin on development of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/vitrified two-cell mouse embryos were evaluated in this study. METHODS The IVF two-cell embryos were vitrified by cryotop, and were cultured in KSOM medium in different concentrations of melatonin (10(-6), 10(-9), 10(-12) M) and without melatonin. The blastocyst cell number, apoptotic cells and glutathione (GSH) level were evaluated by differential, TUNEL and cell tracker blue staining, respectively. The expression of Bax and Bcl-xl genes was evaluated by qPCR. The expression of melatonin receptors (Mtnr1a and Mtnr1b) in mouse 2-cell embryos and blastocysts was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS Melatonin increased the rate of cleavage and blastulation at 10(-12) M concentration (p < 0.05). The number of trophectoderm and inner cell mass showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in 10(-9) M melatonin. The 10(-9) M and 10(-12) M melatonin treatments significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the apoptotic index. The significant increase in the expression of Bcl-xl observed at 10(-9) M concentration however, reduced expression of Bax was not statistically significant. The levels of GSH in 10(-9) and 10(-12) M groups were significantly improved relative to the control group (p < 0.05). The Mtnr1a was expressed in 2-cell embryos and blastocysts in all groups, but the expression of Mntr1b was not detected. CONCLUSION Melatonin may have a special role against oxidative stress in protection of IVF/vitrified embryos.
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Thomson TC, Schneemann A, Johnson J. Oocyte destruction is activated during viral infection. Genesis 2012; 50:453-65. [PMID: 22173880 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection has been associated with a starvation-like state in Drosophila melanogaster. Because starvation and inhibiting TOR kinase activity in vivo result in blocked oocyte production, we hypothesized that viral infection would also result in compromised oogenesis. Wild-type flies were injected with flock house virus (FHV) and survival and embryo production were monitored. Infected flies had a dose-responsive loss of fecundity that corresponded to a global reduction in Akt/TOR signaling. Highly penetrant egg chamber destruction mid-way through oogenesis was noted and FHV coat protein was detected within developing egg chambers. As seen with in vivo TOR inhibition, oogenesis was partially rescued in loss of function discs large and merlin mutants. As expected, mutants in genes known to be involved in virus internalization and trafficking [Clathrin heavy chain (chc) and synaptotagmin] survive longer during infection. However, oogenesis was rescued only in chc mutants. This suggests that viral response mechanisms that control fly survival and egg chamber survival are separable. The genetic and signaling requirements for oocyte destruction delineated here represent a novel host-virus interaction with implications for the control of both fly and virus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Thomson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences/Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Hanafi NF, Abo Ali AH, Abo el kheir HF. ICSI outcome in women who have positive PCR result for hepatitis C virus. Hum Reprod 2010; 26:143-7. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ohl J, Partisani M, Demangeat C, Binder-Foucard F, Nisand I, Lang JM. [Alterations of ovarian reserve tests in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected women]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 38:313-7. [PMID: 20430670 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy or HIV infection itself on the ovarian function. The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian function in HIV-infected women in comparison with normal values from non-HIV infected women. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective pilot study using markers of ovarian function: the antral follicular count (AFC) defined between cycle days 7 and 10 and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) for early follicular phase hormonal assessments. A descriptive analysis according to age was performed. RESULTS Results from 78 HIV positive women are presented. AFC shows a high rate of abnormal values (63 %) occurring surprisingly early. The hormonal markers are concordant with a 36, 57 and 23 % abnormal rate for FSH, inhibin B and AMH respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In our series, HIV seropositivity was associated with stigmas of premature ovarian insufficiency. This may explain impaired fertility but also suggests premature menopause in this population that should therefore be monitored early for such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ohl
- Centre d'AMP de Strasbourg, CMCO-SIHCUS, 1, rue Louis-Pasteur, 67303 Schiltigheim, France.
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HIV-1 or hepatitis C chronic infection in serodiscordant infertile couples has no impact on infertility treatment outcome. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:1020-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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