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Xu W, Gao L, Li W, Wang J, Yue Y, Li X. The adaptation of bovine embryonic stem cells to the changes of feeder layers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:85-99. [PMID: 36847888 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the feeder-free culture system has been established, the microenvironment provided by the feeder cells still possesses a unique advantage in maintaining the long-term stability and the rapid proliferation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The aim of this study is to discover the adaptive ability of PSCs upon changes of feeder layers. In this study, the morphology, pluripotent marker expression, differentiation ability of bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs) cultured on low-density, or methanol fixed mouse embryonic fibroblasts were examined by immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and RNA-seq. The results showed that the changes of feeder layers did not induce the rapid differentiation of bESCs, while resulting in the differentiation initiation and alteration of pluripotent state of bESCs. More importantly, the expression of endogenous growth factors and extracellular matrix were increased, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules was altered, which indicated that bESCs may compensate some functions of the feeder layers upon its changes. This study shows the PSCs have the self-adaptive ability responded to the feeder layer alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingna Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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Exogenous pyruvate and recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor maintain pluripotency and enhance global metabolic activity of bovine embryonic stem cells grown on low-density feeder layers. Theriogenology 2023; 196:37-49. [PMID: 36379144 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A suitable microenvironment or niche is essential for self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells cultured in vitro, including bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs). Feeder cells participate in the construction of stem cell niche by secreting growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. In this study, metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were used to investigate the effects of low-density feeder cells on bESCs. The results showed that bESCs co-cultured with low-density feeder cells experienced a decrease in pluripotent gene expression, cell differentiation, and a reduction of central carbon metabolic activity. When cell-permeable pyruvate (Pyr) and recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) were added to the culture system, the pluripotency of bESCs on low-density feeder layers was rescued, and acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA) synthesis and fatty acid de novo synthesis increased. In addition, rhbFGF enhances the effects of Pyr and activates the overall metabolic level of bESCs grown on low-density feeder layers. This study explored the rescue effects of exogenous Pyr and rhbFGF on bESCs cultured on low-density feeder layers, which will provide a reference for improvement of the PSC culture system through the supplementation of energy metabolites and growth factors.
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Ren Y, Zhang S, Liang Y, Gong Z, Cui Y, Song W. Feeder cells treated with ethanol can be used to maintain self-renewal and pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:279-292. [PMID: 36537760 PMCID: PMC9900095 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeder cells play an important role in the culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro. Previously, we used methanol as a fixative to prepare feeder cells for the cultivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and this method could maintain the self-renewal and pluripotency of PSCs. However, methanol is toxic, and so here we examined whether ethanol could be used to prepare feeder cells as a fixative for hPSC culturing. Primed, naïve, and extended human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can maintain self-renewal and undifferentiated potential on feeder cells treated with ethanol for an extended period. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the expression of collagen-related genes in hPSCs cultured on feeder cells treated with ethanol was significantly lower as compared with hPSCs cultured on feeder cells treated with mitomycin C. Therefore, we speculate that the signaling pathway mediated by collagen-related genes may, at least in part, contribute to the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of PSCs induced by feeder cells treated with chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ren
- School of Life Science and EngineeringHenan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshanChina
| | - Sijin Zhang
- School of Life Science and EngineeringHenan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshanChina
| | - Yun Liang
- School of Life Science and EngineeringHenan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshanChina
| | - Zichao Gong
- School of Life Science and EngineeringHenan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshanChina
| | - Yongyi Cui
- School of Life Science and EngineeringHenan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshanChina
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Science and EngineeringHenan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshanChina
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4
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Methanol fixed feeder layers altered the pluripotency and metabolism of bovine pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9177. [PMID: 35654935 PMCID: PMC9163156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency maintenance of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) requires the suitable microenvironment, which commonly provided by feeder layers. However, the preparation of feeder layers is time consuming and labor exhaustive, and the feeder cells treated with mitomycin C or γ-ray irradiation bring heterologous contamination. In this study, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were treated by methanol to generate chemical fixed feeder cells, and bovine embryonic stem cells F7 (bESC-F7) cultured on this feeder layer. Then the pluripotency and metabolism of bESC-F7 cultured on methanol-fixed MEFs (MT-MEFs) named MT-F7 was compared with mitomycin C treated MEFs (MC-MEFs). The results showed that bESC-F7 formed alkaline phosphatase positive colonies on MT-MEFs, the relative expression of pluripotent markers of these cells was different from the bESCs cultured on the MC-MEFs (MC-F7). The long-term cultured MT-F7 formed embryoid bodies, showed the ability to differentiate into three germ layers similar to MC-F7. The analyses of RNA-seq data showed that MT-MEFs lead bESCs to novel steady expression patterns of genes regulating pluripotency and metabolism. Furthermore, the bovine expanded pluripotent stem cells (bEPSCs) cultured on MT-MEFs formed classical colonies, maintained pluripotency, and elevated metabolism. In conclusion, MT-MEFs were efficient feeder layer that maintain the distinctive pluripotency and metabolism of PSCs.
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5
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Differentiated Chondrocytes Repair Cartilage Defect in a Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8867349. [PMID: 33224204 PMCID: PMC7671807 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8867349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of iPSC-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived chondrocytes in a rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model. The iPSCs were characterized by gene expressions, immunostaining of pluripotent markers, and in vivo teratoma formation. iPSC-differentiated MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and trilineage differentiation. A rabbit OA model was established by the transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. The therapeutic effect of transplanted iPSC-MSC-chondrocytes on the OA was evaluated by the histology, immunostaining, and qPCR of defective cartilage. The results showed iPSC could express pluripotency markers such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG and form an embryoid body and a teratoma. After differentiation of iPSCs for 30 days, MSCs were established. The iPSC-MSC could express typical MSC markers such as CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and HLA-ABC. They could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. In this model, iPSC-MSC-chondrocytes significantly improved the histology and ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) scores. The transplanted cartilage expressed less IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP13 than control cartilage. In conclusion, the iPSCs we derived might represent an emerging source for differentiated MSC-chondrocyte and might rescue cartilage defects through its anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects.
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Hanafiah A, Geng Z, Wang Q, Gao Z. Differentiation and Characterization of Neural Progenitors and Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32478755 DOI: 10.3791/61446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the step-by-step procedure for culturing and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells into neuronal lineages, followed by a series of assays to characterize the differentiated cells. The E14 mouse embryonic stem cells were used to form embryoid bodies through the hanging drop method, and then induced to differentiate into neural progenitor cells by retinoic acid, and finally differentiated into neurons. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the neural progenitors and neurons exhibit corresponding markers (nestin for neural progenitors and neurofilament for neurons) at day 8 and 12 post-differentiation, respectively. Flow cytometry experiments on an E14 line expressing a Sox1 promoter-driven GFP reporter showed that about 60% of cells at day 8 are GFP positive, indicating the successful differentiation of neural progenitor cells at this stage. Finally, RNA-seq analysis was used to profile the global transcriptomic changes. These methods are useful for analyzing the involvement of specific genes and pathways in regulating the cell identity transition during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aflah Hanafiah
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute
| | - Zhuangzhuang Geng
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute
| | - Qiang Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute
| | - Zhonghua Gao
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute;
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Wei J, Fan Z, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Da F, Zhou L, Tao W, Wang D. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Is Essential for the Self-Renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Through Stat3 Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:123-132. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Da
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wong CW, Chen YT, Chien CL, Yu TY, Rwei SP, Hsu SH. A simple and efficient feeder-free culture system to up-scale iPSCs on polymeric material surface for use in 3D bioprinting. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou Y, Mao H, Joddar B, Umeki N, Sako Y, Wada KI, Nishioka C, Takahashi E, Wang Y, Ito Y. The significance of membrane fluidity of feeder cell-derived substrates for maintenance of iPS cell stemness. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11386. [PMID: 26065582 PMCID: PMC4464345 DOI: 10.1038/srep11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of cell-derived substrates to maintain undifferentiated murine-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was correlated to membrane fluidity as a new parameter of cell culture substrates. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were employed as feeder cells and their membrane fluidity was tuned by chemical fixation using formaldehyde (FA). Membrane fluidity was evaluated by real-time single-molecule observations of green fluorescent protein-labeled epidermal growth factor receptors on chemically fixed MEFs. Biological activity was monitored by colony formation of iPS cells. Treatment with a low concentration of FA sustained the membrane fluidity and biological activity, which were comparable to those of mitomycin C-treated MEFs. The biological activity was further confirmed by sustained expression of alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, and other pluripotency markers in iPS cells after 3-5 days of culture on FA-fixed MEFs. Chemical fixation of feeder cells has several advantages such as providing ready-to-use culture substrates without contamination by proliferating feeder cells. Therefore, our results provide an important basis for the development of chemically fixed culture substrates for pluripotent stem cell culture as an alternative to conventional treatment by mitomycin C or x-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, No.1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Binata Joddar
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Umeki
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wada
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chieko Nishioka
- Support Unit for Animal Experiment, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eiki Takahashi
- Support Unit for Animal Experiment, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, No.1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Replacement of mouse embryonic fibroblasts with bone marrow stromal cells for use in establishing and maintaining embryonic stem cells in mice. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:537-43. [PMID: 22309225 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the use of BMSC (bone marrow stromal cell) as a feeder cell for improving culture efficiency of ESC (embryonic stem cell). B6CBAF1 blastocysts or ESC stored after their establishment were seeded on to a feeder layer of either SCA-1+/CD45-/CD11b- BMSC or MEF (mouse embryonic fibroblast). Feeder cell activity in promoting ESC establishment from the blastocysts and in supporting ESC maintenance did not differ significantly between BMSC and MEF feeders. However, the highest efficiency of colony formation after culturing of inner cell mass cells of blastocysts was observed with the BMSC line that secreted the largest amount of LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor). Exogenous LIF was essential for the ESC establishment on BMSC feeder, but not for ESC maintenance. Neither change in stem cell-specific gene expression nor increase in stem cell aneuploidy was detected after the use of BMSC feeder. We conclude that BMSC can be utilized as the feeder of ESC, which improves culture efficiency.
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Cha HJ, Hwang ES. Current status of biology, bioengineering, and therapeutic potential of stem cells. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:193-6. [PMID: 22370773 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
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12
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Yue XS, Fujishiro M, Nishioka C, Arai T, Takahashi E, Gong JS, Akaike T, Ito Y. Feeder cells support the culture of induced pluripotent stem cells even after chemical fixation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32707. [PMID: 22396791 PMCID: PMC3292564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically fixed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), instead of live feeder cells, were applied to the maintenance of mouse induced pluripotent stem (miPS) cells. Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were used for chemical fixation. The chemically fixed MEF feeders maintained the pluripotency of miPS cells, as well as their undifferentiated state. Furthermore, the chemically fixed MEF feeders were reused several times without affecting their functions. These results indicate that chemical fixation can be applied to modify biological feeders chemically, without losing their original functions. Chemically fixed MEF feeders will be applicable to other stem cell cultures as a reusable extracellular matrix candidate that can be preserved on a long-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Yue
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Fujishiro
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chieko Nishioka
- Support Unit for Animal Resources Development, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Arai
- Support Unit for Animal Resources Development, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiki Takahashi
- Support Unit for Animal Resources Development, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jian-Sheng Gong
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Current approaches aiming to cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) have made a negligible number of patients insulin-independent. In this review, we revisit the role of stem cell (SC)-based applications in curing T1D. The optimal therapeutic approach for T1D should ideally preserve the remaining β-cells, restore β-cell function, and protect the replaced insulin-producing cells from autoimmunity. SCs possess immunological and regenerative properties that could be harnessed to improve the treatment of T1D; indeed, SCs may reestablish peripheral tolerance toward β-cells through reshaping of the immune response and inhibition of autoreactive T-cell function. Furthermore, SC-derived insulin-producing cells are capable of engrafting and reversing hyperglycemia in mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal SCs display a hypoimmunogenic phenotype as well as a broad range of immunomodulatory capabilities, they have been shown to cure newly diabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, and they are currently undergoing evaluation in two clinical trials. Cord blood SCs have been shown to facilitate the generation of regulatory T cells, thereby reverting hyperglycemia in NOD mice. T1D patients treated with cord blood SCs also did not show any adverse reaction in the absence of major effects on glycometabolic control. Although hematopoietic SCs rarely revert hyperglycemia in NOD mice, they exhibit profound immunomodulatory properties in humans; newly hyperglycemic T1D patients have been successfully reverted to normoglycemia with autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic SC transplantation. Finally, embryonic SCs also offer exciting prospects because they are able to generate glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells. Easy enthusiasm should be mitigated mainly because of the potential oncogenicity of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Park Y, Lee SJ, Choi IY, Lee SR, Sung HJ, Kim JH, Yoo YD, Geum DH, Kim SH, Kim BS. The efficacy of human placenta as a source of the universal feeder in human and mouse pluripotent stem cell culture. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:315-28. [PMID: 20698773 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder for culture of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is a widely accepted method, regardless of the ESCs' origin and type. In this study, we performed the undifferentiated propagation of human ES cell lines (hESCs, H1, and HSF6) and mouse ES cell lines (mESCs, D3, and CE3), which were previously maintained on an MEF feeder, using human placenta-derived fibroblast-like cell (HPC) feeders originated from chorionic villi of women who had undergone therapeutic abortion due to known maternal disease that is aggravated by pregnancy. Moreover, we tried to introduce the HPC feeder for the establishment of inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human placental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). On the HPC feeder we were able to propagate ESCs and iPSCs colonies as an undifferentiated state up to the 50th passage and 20th passage, respectively. Maintenance of undifferentiated ESCs was identified by the expression of ALP, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-81, TRA-60, Oct-4, Nanog, or Rex-1. Also, addition of leukemia inhibitory factor was not required for undifferentiated propagation of mESCs on the HPC feeder. The efficiency and expression of three germ layer markers of embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs were satisfactory in both the MEF and HPC group. EBs formed from iPSCs were scant, and differentiation to the three germ layers was identifiable by reverst transcription-polymerase chain reactio (RT-PCR) only in the HPC group. In conclusion, the HPC feeder can efficiently support the undifferentiated propagation of hESCs, mESCs, and iPSCs, suggesting that human placenta may be a useful source of universal feeder cells for hESC, mESC, and iPSC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Park
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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