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Moulana M. Androgen-Induced Cardiovascular Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Role of T Lymphocytes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041010. [PMID: 37109539 PMCID: PMC10145997 DOI: 10.3390/life13041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimated 15-20% of reproductive-age women are affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is associated with substantial metabolic and cardiovascular long-term consequences. In young women with PCOS, several cardiovascular risk factors may be found, including chronic inflammation, high blood pressure, and elevated leukocytes. These women are at an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), not only during the reproductive years, but also with aging and menopause; therefore, the early prevention and treatment of future cardiovascular adverse effects are necessary. The fundamental characteristic of PCOS is hyperandrogenemia, which is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and T lymphocytes. Whether these factors play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, a risk factor of CVD, due to PCOS is not well established. This review will briefly discuss how a modest increase in androgens in females is linked to the development of hypertension through pro-inflammatory cytokines and T lymphocyte subsets and the promotion of renal injury. Moreover, it reveals a few existing research gaps in this area, including the lack of specific therapy directed at androgen-induced inflammation and immune activation, thus emphasizing the necessity to explore the systemic inflammation in women with PCOS to halt the inevitable inflammatory process targeting the underlying abnormalities of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadetheh Moulana
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Chiaffarino F, Cipriani S, Dalmartello M, Ricci E, Esposito G, Fedele F, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Parazzini F. Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in European countries and USA: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 279:159-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Krentowska A, Kowalska I. Metabolic syndrome and its components in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3464. [PMID: 33988288 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting reproductive-age women. Important factors in its pathogenesis are hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, which lead to higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its complications. With the implementation of the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria in 2003, the group of PCOS patients became highly heterogeneous, with varying metabolic risk reported for different phenotypes of the syndrome. The aim of the present review is to assess the prevalence and severity of MetS and its components in patients with the four phenotypes of PCOS. A comprehensive search of Pubmed database was performed to identify studies comparing metabolic characteristics between PCOS patients with different phenotypes of the syndrome. The results of 60 studies published between 2004 and 2020 were retrieved and analysed. More adverse metabolic profile was observed in PCOS patients with hyperandrogenic phenotypes in comparison to normoandrogenic patients, as well as in classic phenotypes, defined by National Institutes of Health criteria, in comparison to newer phenotypes introduced by the Rotterdam criteria. In the majority of observations, normoandrogenic PCOS patients did not differ significantly from controls in terms of metabolic characteristics, although some East Asian studies reported more adverse metabolic profile in normoandrogenic phenotype in comparison to healthy women. In conclusion, metabolic abnormalities in PCOS seem to be associated with joint effects of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and visceral obesity. The differences observed between the four phenotypes of PCOS underline the need for individualised diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krentowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Controversies and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041667. [PMID: 33562271 PMCID: PMC7915804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is quite complex and different mechanisms could contribute to hyperandrogenism and anovulation, which are the main features of the syndrome. Obesity and insulin-resistance are claimed as the principal factors contributing to the clinical presentation; in normal weight PCOS either, increased visceral adipose tissue has been described. However, their role is still debated, as debated are the biochemical markers linked to obesity per se. Oxidative stress (OS) and low-grade inflammation (LGI) have recently been a matter of researcher attention; they can influence each other in a reciprocal vicious cycle. In this review, we summarize the main mechanism of radical generation and the link with LGI. Furthermore, we discuss papers in favor or against the role of obesity as the first pathogenetic factor, and show how OS itself, on the contrary, can induce obesity and insulin resistance; in particular, the role of GH-IGF-1 axis is highlighted. Finally, the possible consequences on vitamin D synthesis and activation on the immune system are briefly discussed. This review intends to underline the key role of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the physiopathology of PCOS, they can cause or worsen obesity, insulin-resistance, vitamin D deficiency, and immune dyscrasia, suggesting an inverse interaction to what is usually considered.
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He S, Mao X, Lei H, Dong B, Guo D, Zheng B, Sun P. Peripheral Blood Inflammatory-Immune Cells as a Predictor of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:441-450. [PMID: 32884325 PMCID: PMC7443446 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s260770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory-immune cells in the peripheral blood of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assessed the potential correlation between inflammatory-immune cells and infertility in PCOS women. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, the profiles of lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. White blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (Neu), lymphocytes, Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) score, testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, fasting blood glucose, and fasting plasma insulin were measured, together with body mass index. Association between inflammatory-immune cells and PCOS was evaluated. Moreover, inflammatory-immune cells of the PCOS women with infertility were evaluated, and the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve and cutoff values were calculated. Results The number of WBC, Neu, and lymphocytes was higher in PCOS women than controls (P<0.05). The percentages of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T, and NK were significantly increased in the PCOS group (P<0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio was obviously elevated for increasing CD4+T (P<0.05). Consequently, T%, CD4+T%, and NK% were found to be the independent risk factors of PCOS by ROC curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, only NK% was significantly higher in PCOS women with infertility than those who had PCOS without infertility (P<0.001). To diagnose infertility in PCOS, the cutoff value of NK% was calculated as 16.43%. Conclusion These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of PCOS is related to immune cells including T, CD4+T, and NK cells. NK cells are likely to be a potential predictive factor for PCOS women with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuQiong He
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoDan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - HuiFang Lei
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - BinHua Dong
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - DanHua Guo
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - BeiHong Zheng
- Department of Reproduction, Fujian, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - PengMing Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
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Immunophenotypic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5894768. [PMID: 32256193 PMCID: PMC7106920 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5894768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a long-known endocrinopathy and one of the most common endocrine-reproductive-metabolic disorders in women, which can lead to infertility. Although the precise etiology remains unclear, PCOS is considered as a complex genetic trait, with a high degree of heterogeneity. Besides, hormones and immune cells, including both innate and adaptive immune cells, are reportedly a cross talk in PCOS. Chronic low-grade inflammation increases autoimmune disease risk. This proinflammatory condition may, in turn, affect vital physiological processes that ultimately cause infertility, such as ovulation failure and embryo implantation. Here, we review the accumulating evidence linking PCOS with inflammatory status providing an overview of the underlying hormone-mediated dysregulation of immune cells. We mainly focus on the correlational evidence of associations between immune status in women and the increased prevalence of PCOS, along with the specific changes in immune responses. Further recognition and exploration of these interactions may help elucidate PCOS pathophysiology and highlight targets for its treatment and prevention.
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Zarei E, Mohajery H, Aliakbari F, Zadeh FM, Veghari G, Mansourian A. Association of Perforin and Granzyme-B Levels with Hyperandrogenism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:393-399. [PMID: 31930827 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.393.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is shown to be associated with hyperandrogenemia and has some features such as cytotoxic T-cells activation and release of perforin and granzyme-B. Present work was aimed to investigate the relation of perforin and granzyme-B to androgenic state in PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty three PCOS and 40 control women were recruited. After recording demographic data, sex hormone status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were evaluated. Perforin and granzyme-B levels were measured using sandwich ELISA kits. RESULTS Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were lower in patients. Luteinizing hormone (LH), free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), free androgen index (FAI), perforin and granzyme-B values were higher in PCOS group. Perforin and granzyme-B were positively correlated with FT and FAI and with each other in PCOS group. In patients, granzyme-B and perforin were related with FT and FAI, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of present study together with evidences about the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in insulin resistance, CVD and PCOS suggest that perforin/granzyme-B may be involved in interactions of sex hormones system in PCOS patients.
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Li Z, Peng A, Feng Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Chen C, Ye X, Qu J, Jin C, Wang M, Qiu H, Qi Y, Huang J, Yang Q. Detection of T lymphocyte subsets and related functional molecules in follicular fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6040. [PMID: 30988342 PMCID: PMC6465402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets in PCOS remain insufficiently understood. In this study, lymphocytes of follicular fluid (FF) were obtained from oocyte retrieval before in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in infertile women with or without PCOS. The levels of cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25), CD69, programmed death 1 (PD-1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 in T lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the percentage of FF CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased in infertile patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of CD69 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased and the level of PD-1 was increased in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infertile patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells was positively correlated with the estradiol (E2) levels in the serum and reversely correlated with the expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in infertile patients with PCOS. These results suggested that T cell dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Li
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anping Peng
- Clinical laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong province, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Quan Yang
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
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Moulana M. Immunophenotypic profile of leukocytes in hyperandrogenemic female rat an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2019; 220:44-49. [PMID: 30708097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an intriguing area. However, whether there is alteration in the leukocyte populations in different tissues remain ambiguous. AIM To characterize the leukocyte populations of hyperandrogenemic female (HAF) rat tissues. METHODS Female Sprague Dawley rats at 3 weeks of age were implanted subcutaneously with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo pellets. The rats were aged to 14-15 weeks and tissues were collected. RESULTS Peripheral blood (PB) and renal CD4+ (P < 0.03, P < 0.007), Th17 (P < 0.05, P < 0.002), and CD4+CD28null (P < 0.04, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in HAF rats compared to placebo, respectively, in spite of their lower percentage in the spleen. Although, the percentage of Treg T lymphocytes were significantly higher in the PB (P < 0.001) of HAF rats, the splenic (P < 0.01) and renal Treg cells (P < 0.03) were found to be significantly lower. Remarkably, HAF rats had higher renal mast cells (P < 0.00009) despite lower splenic (P < 0.002). The number of PB, renal, and splenic CD8+ T cells and IgM+-B cells in HAF rats remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Results from this study 1) provide the first evidence of significant alteration of T lymphocyte subsets and different leukocyte populations profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome, 2) demonstrate alteration of the immunological niche of blood, spleen, and kidney tissues in Hyperandrogenemia state in female rats, 3) imply potential immune system dysregulation in HAF rats which may suggest a link between excess androgen, chronic inflammation, and immune-mediated diseases in polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadetheh Moulana
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, United States of America; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, United States of America.
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Lizneva D, Kirubakaran R, Mykhalchenko K, Suturina L, Chernukha G, Diamond MP, Azziz R. Phenotypes and body mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome identified in referral versus unselected populations: systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1510-1520.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Oztas E, Ozler S, Tokmak A, Yilmaz N, Celik HT, Kazancı FH, Danisman N, Ergin M, Yakut HI. Increased levels of serum granzyme-B is associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk in adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 198:89-93. [PMID: 26802256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine serum perforin and granzyme-B levels in adolescent PCOS patients, and to investigate whether they are associated with some of the insulin sensitivity, obesity and cardiovascular (CV) risk markers and metabolic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study was carried out including a total of 172 adolescents (83 PCOS patients and 89 age-matched healthy controls). Participants were recruited consecutively. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), lipid parameters, and anthropometric measurements were determined. Serum perforin and granzyme B levels were measured by commercially available ELISA kits. HOMA-IR>3.16 was considered to indicate the presence of insulin resistance. Logistic regression analysis was applied for the predictive value of granzyme-B for increased CV risk in PCOS patients. RESULTS As body mass index (BMI) of the PCOS patients was significantly higher than the controls (median 24.6kg/m(2) and 21.4kg/m(2), respectively, p<0.001) all parameters were evaluated after adjustment for BMI. Adolescents with PCOS had significantly higher levels of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and granzyme-B when compared with controls. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, granzyme-B levels were found to be significantly associated with increased HOMA-IR (OR=6.120, 95% CI: 2.352-15.926, p<0.001) in adolescent PCOS patients. Additionally, elevated levels of serum granzyme-B were predictive for increased CV risk in PCOS patients (OR=0.237, 95% CI: 0.091-0.616, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of serum granzyme-B are independently associated with insulin resistance and also with increased CV risk in adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efser Oztas
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Ozler
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Tokmak
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nafiye Yilmaz
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Tugrul Celik
- Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nuri Danisman
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Ergin
- Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Yakut
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
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Nascimento JXPT, Chein MBDC, de Sousa RML, Ferreira ADS, Navarro PA, Brito LMO. Importance of lipid accumulation product index as a marker of CVD risk in PCOS women. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:62. [PMID: 26104466 PMCID: PMC4482191 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered the most common endocrine disease during the woman's reproductive life, with prevalence ranging from 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age. There is a paucity of studies regarding the use of the lipid accumulation product (LAP) as a risk marker for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 women aged 18 to 42 years seen at University Hospital of Maranhão, with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome according to the Rotterdam criteria. The following variables of interest were recorded on a protocol form: sociodemographic and behavioral data, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS Logistic regression showed that, except for HDL, all cardiovascular risk markers presented a higher chance of being altered when the lipid accumulation product was above the cut off value of 37.9 cm.mmol/L. CONCLUSION The lipid accumulation product seems to be sufficient to indicate a risk of cardiovascular diseases in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelma Ximenes Prado Teixeira Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
- , Rua Boa Esperança, Cond. Bosque dos Pinheiros Qd. 03, C. 02 - Bairro: Turú, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Maria Bethânia da Costa Chein
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
- , Rua Boa Esperança, Cond. Bosque dos Pinheiros Qd. 03, C. 02 - Bairro: Turú, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Moro F, Tropea A, Scarinci E, Federico A, De Simone C, Caldarola G, Leoncini E, Boccia S, Lanzone A, Apa R. Psoriasis and polycystic ovary syndrome: a new link in different phenotypes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 191:101-5. [PMID: 26115053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women affected by PCOS and psoriasis are more likely to have insulin-resistance, hyperinsulinemia, reduced HDL cholesterol levels and a more severe degree of skin disease than those with psoriasis alone. The mechanism underlying this association between PCOS and psoriasis is currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the features of psoriasis and the psoriasis severity scores in the different PCOS phenotypes and in age and body mass index (BMI)-matched psoriatic control patients. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed on 150 psoriatic patients: 94 PCOS and 56 age- and BMI-matched controls. PCOS patients were diagnosed and divided into four phenotypes according to Rotterdam criteria: A - patients with complete phenotype with hyperandrogenism (H) plus oligoamenorrhea (O) plus polycystic ovary (PCO) on ultrasound examination; B - patients with H plus O (without PCO); C - patients with H plus PCO (ovulatory phenotype); D - patients with O plus PCO (without H). The patient's Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) as well as the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) were calculated. A PASI score ≥10 was correlated with common indicator of severe disease. A PGA ≥4 was considered as a condition of moderate to severe disease. RESULTS Among the four phenotypes investigated, the group with complete phenotype (H plus O plus PCO) had a higher prevalence of patients with patient's PASI ≥10 compared to controls (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.71, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.59-13.95). The group with O plus PCO had a higher prevalence of patients with PGA ≥4 compared to controls (OR 26.79, 95% CI 3.40-211.02) while the ovulatory group had a lower prevalence of patients with PGA ≥4 (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.51). CONCLUSIONS The ovulatory phenotype displays a milder psoriasis form than other phenotypes while the phenotypes with oligoamenorrhea presented higher severity scores of disease than other phenotypes and control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moro
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Tropea
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Scarinci
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alex Federico
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Caldarola
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Leoncini
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Apa
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Palomba S, Falbo A, Chiossi G, Tolino A, Tucci L, La Sala GB, Zullo F. Early trophoblast invasion and placentation in women with different PCOS phenotypes. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:370-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Moro F, Morciano A, Tropea A, Sagnella F, Palla C, Scarinci E, Ciardulli A, Martinez D, Familiari A, Liuzzo G, Tritarelli A, Cosentino N, Niccoli G, Crea F, Lanzone A, Apa R. Effects of drospirenone-ethinylestradiol and/or metformin on CD4(+)CD28(null) T lymphocytes frequency in women with hyperinsulinemia having polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1508-17. [PMID: 23690338 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113488444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of drospirenone (DRSP)/ethinylestradiol (EE) alone, metformin alone, and DRSP/EE-metformin on CD4(+)CD28(null) T lymphocytes frequency, a cardiovascular risk marker, in patients with hyperinsulinemic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. INTERVENTIONS Ninety three patients with hyperinsulinemic PCOS were age matched and body mass index matched and randomized to receive a 6 months daily treatment with DRSP (3 mg)/EE (0.03 mg), or metformin (1500 mg), or DRSP/EE combined with metformin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CD4(+)CD28(null) T-cell frequencies. RESULTS The DRSP/EE and metformin groups did not show any significant change in the CD4(+)CD28(null) frequency compared to the baseline. Interestingly, a statistically significant decrease in CD4(+)CD28(null) frequency occurred after 6 months of DRSP/EE-metformin (median 3-1.5; P < .01). Of note, this statistically significant association was confirmed after adjusting for baseline values in DRSP/EE-metformin group by analysis of covariance (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In women with hyperinsulinemic PCOS, combined therapy with DRSP/EE and metformin may reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moro
- 1Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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