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Hu S, Jing Y, Fu Y, Ye X. Association of FSHR gene polymorphisms with poor ovarian response in patients undergoing IVF: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene 2024; 909:148314. [PMID: 38412944 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of studies on the association between polymorphisms in the FSHR gene and the risk of POR undergoing IVF have been inconsistent with each other, so we conducted a meta-analysis of all the available studies to explore the association between polymorphisms in the FSHR gene and the risk of POR. METHODS Literature that met the inclusion criteria was collected by searching six electronic databases and basic data from included studies were extracted. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association between follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene polymorphism and poor ovarian response (POR) risk. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to determine whether there was publication bias, and sensitivity analysis and TSA analysis were used to verify the stability and reliability of the results. RESULTS We included 24 articles, 22 of which explored rs6166, including 2,206 cases and 3,897 controls. 6 articles explored rs6165, including 444 cases and 875 controls. Under additive, heterozygote, and dominant models, rs6166 was significantly associated with POR (S vs. N: OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.59, P = 0.017; NS vs. NN: OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.74, P = 0.038; NS + SS vs. NN: OR = 1.38, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.84, P = 0.025). In ethnicity-based subgroup analyses, the additive, homozygote, heterozygote, and dominant models increased Asian POR risk. Among the five genetic models, rs6165 was significantly associated with POR (T vs. C: OR = 1.64, 95 % CI = 1.25-2.16, P = 0.000; TT vs. CC: OR = 2.76, 95 % CI = 1.43-5.32, P = 0.003; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.19-2.10, P = 0.001; TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 2.32, 95 % CI = 1.67-3.23, P = 0.000; CT + TT vs. CC: OR = 1.80, 95 % CI = 1.22-2.65, P = 0.003). In ethnicity-based subgroup analyses, all five genetic models increased the risk of POR in Caucasians. CONCLUSION According to the current meta-analysis, the rs6166 S allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of POR, especially in Asian populations. The rs6165 T allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of POR, especially in Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunnan Jing
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yiman Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Jiangbei District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Xiuying Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Jiangbei District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400020, China.
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Liu S, Ma S, Li Y. The average gonadotrophin dosage per follicle is predictive of ovarian response and cumulative live birth chances after in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:45. [PMID: 36739381 PMCID: PMC9898889 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of assisted reproduction technology (ART), many indicators have been proposed to evaluate ovarian response, and then predict pregnancy outcomes. In general, the predictive values remain limited. OBJECTIVE To further explore the indicators to evaluate ovarian sensitivity to gonadotrophin (Gn) stimulation more accurately. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 330 women who underwent an entire ART cycle. We aimed to assess whether a new index, termed as average Gn dosage per follicle, could be used as a marker for ovarian response and pregnancy outcomes. It was calculated as the ratio of total Gn dose during ovarian stimulation and the number of pre-ovulatory follicles (PFC) on the trigger day. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to the average Gn dosage per follicle: below the 33rd percentile (Group A), between 33rd and 67th percentiles (Group B), and above the 67th percentile (Group C). Then stimulation data, laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared among the groups. RESULTS The results showed patients in Group A had the best ovarian response, the number of retrieved oocytes was significantly higher than in Group B and C. A multivariate regression analysis showed that average Gn dosage per follicle was an independent predictor of cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-0.98, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that average Gn dosage per follicle appears to be a highly reliable index of ovarian response to exogenous Gn and can be useful to estimate CLBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XMedical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XMedical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. .,Jinxin Fertility Group, No. 301, North Jingsha Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Liu YL, Lee CI, Liu CH, Cheng EH, Yang SF, Tsai HY, Lee MS, Lee TH. Association between Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Gene Polymorphism and Clinical Outcomes among Young Women with Poor Ovarian Response to Assisted Reproductive Technology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030796. [PMID: 36769444 PMCID: PMC9917712 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Does the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene affect ovarian response in infertile young women? METHODS This was a case-control study recruiting 1744 infertile women between January 2014 to December 2015. The 1084 eligible patients were stratified into four groups using the POSEIDON criteria. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and LIF SNP genotypes were compared among the groups. The distributions of LIF and FSHR among younger and older patients were compared. Clinical outcomes were also compared. RESULTS The four groups of poor responders had different distributions of SNP in LIF. The prevalence of LIF genotypes among young poor ovarian responders differed from those of normal responders. Genetic model analyses in infertile young women revealed that the TG or GG genotype in the LIF resulted in fewer oocytes retrieved and fewer mature oocytes relative to the TT genotypes. In older women, the FSHR SNP genotype contributed to fewer numbers of mature oocytes. CONCLUSIONS LIF and FSHR SNP genotypes were associated with a statistically significant reduction in ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in younger and older women with an adequate ovarian reserve, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Liang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40602, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - En-Hui Cheng
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40602, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yu Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40602, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Conforti A, Esteves SC, Iorio GG, Carbone L, Alviggi C. Pharmacogenomic approach in controlled ovarian stimulation: time to take the plunge? Gynecol Obstet Invest 2022; 87:173-175. [PMID: 35350015 DOI: 10.1159/000524265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Gabriele Iorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Guo J, Guo W, Zhang T, Zheng Y, Han B, Zhang Z, Liang N, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhang X, Nashun B. Gestational exposure to phenanthrene induces follicular atresia and endocrine dyscrasia in F1 adult female. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113291. [PMID: 35158277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations and animal studies demonstrate a significantly positive relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and reproductive disorders. However, few researches are focused on the reproductive toxicity of low-molecular-weight PAHs (number of benzene ring ≤ 3) which occupy a large part of PAHs. Phenanthrene (Phe), a typical low-molecular-weight PAH, is one of the most abundant PAHs detected in foods. In the present study, oral treatment with Phe at a human exposure related level during gestation (60 μg/kg body weight every three days, six times in total) induced reproductive disorders in F1 adult female mice: the number of antral follicles (an immature stage of follicular development) were significantly increased, while the maturation of oocytes was inhibited and aggravated follicular atresia was observed; the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and estradiol were significantly reduced; the receptor of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHR) and aromatase in the ovary were significantly upregulated; transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signal pathway was upregulated, and the calcium signal pathway was disturbed, which probably accounts for the exacerbated atresia of the growing follicles and the excessive consumption of follicles. The reproductive toxicity of low-molecular-weight PAHs could not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yajie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Nan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunshu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Buhe Nashun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Liu Y, Bai S, Wang Y, Li X, Qu J, Han M, Zhai J, Li W, Liu J, Zhang Q. Intensive masculinization caused by chronic heat stress in juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis: Growth performance, gonadal histology and gene responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113250. [PMID: 35121259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sea temperature has been observed to chronically increase during the past decades, leaving unpredictable influences to the marine biological resources. Thus, it is of vital significance to study the biological responses of ocean inhabited organisms with the artificially stimulated heat stress environment. Cynoglossus semilaevis provides us with an ideal model to study the influence of chronic heat stress on the sexual differentiation in marine teleosts for its genetic sex determination (GSD) + environmental effected (EE) sex determination system. In this study, the comparative experiment was conducted employing heated seawater (HT group) and ambient seawater (CT group) to cultivate juvenile C. semilaevis respectively. Significant differences were exhibited in growth performance and a delayed germ cell development effect was found in pseudomales formed under chronic heat stress. Using transcriptome analysis, the transcription profile of 55 days post fertilization (dpf) and 100 dpf juveniles' gonads were studied. A total of 47 libraries were constructed with an average mapping rate of 94.63% after assembling. GO and KEGG enrichment were proceeded using DEGs screened out between (1) pseudomale gonads at 55 dpf and 100 dpf in HT and CT group (2) pseudomale and female gonads at 55 dpf and 100 dpf in HT and CT group. Terms and pathways involved in steroid stimulation, reproduction ability, germ cell proliferation et al. were shed light on. The expression pattern of 29 DEGs including amh, hsp90b1, pgr et al. were also provided to supplement the results of functional enrichment. Weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) was constructed and hspb8-like, histone H2A.V were exhibited to play vital roles in the heat-induced masculinization. Our findings facilitate the understanding for transcriptional variations in intensive masculinization cause by chronic heat stress of C. semilaevis and provide referable study of the influences on the teleosts in elevated sea temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Bai
- Laboratory of Fisheries Oceanography, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jiangbo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jieming Zhai
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Laizhou, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Laizhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China.
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Song D, Hong L, Zhang ZF, Xu JH, Zhang HQ, Huang XL, Du J. The FSHR G-29A variant is not associated with the ovarian response to exogenous FSH stimulation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13500. [PMID: 34558137 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A common genetic variant in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) 5'-untranslated region has been previously reported to influence FSHR gene expression. However, studies on the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of variants at positions -29 of the FSHR gene with the ovarian response to exogenous FSH stimulation in Chinese women. The genotypes of the FSHR gene were assayed using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Total RNA and protein was extracted from granulosa cells, and FSHR expression at the mRNA and protein levels was assessed using quantitative PCR and western blotting. Our data revealed that there was no association between the FSHR genotype at the -29 position and the outcome of controlled ovarian stimulation. The expression of FSHR, at both the mRNA and protein levels, was similar amongst the different FSHR genotypes assessed, but was significantly reduced in the low responders. These results indicate that the variants caused by mutations at position -29 are not associated with ovarian response, and the low ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation may be caused by decreased FSHR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Song
- Naval Medical University, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Qin Zhang
- Naval Medical University, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Liang Huang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Moiseeva AV, Kudryavtseva VA, Nikolenko VN, Gevorgyan MM, Unanyan AL, Bakhmet AA, Sinelnikov MY. Genetic determination of the ovarian reserve: a literature review. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:102. [PMID: 34362406 PMCID: PMC8349022 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovarian reserve is one of the most important indicators of female fertility. It allows for the evaluation of the number of viable oocytes. This parameter is actively used in pregnancy planning and in assisted reproductive technology application, as it determines chances of successful fertilization and healthy pregnancy. Due to increased attention towards diagnostic tests evaluating the ovarian reserve, there has been a growing interest in factors that influence the state of the ovarian reserve. True reasons for pathological changes in the ovarian reserve and volume have not yet been explored in depth, and current diagnostic screening methods often fall short in efficacy. In the following review we analyze existing data relating to the study of the ovarian reserve through genetic testing, determining specific characteristics of the ovarian reserve through genetic profiling. We explore existing studies dedicated to finding specific genetic targets influencing the state of the ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Sechenov University, Mohovaya 11c10, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Ara L Unanyan
- Sechenov University, Mohovaya 11c10, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Sechenov University, Mohovaya 11c10, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Association between GnRH Receptor Polymorphisms and Luteinizing Hormone Levels for Low Ovarian Reserve Infertile Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137006. [PMID: 34209056 PMCID: PMC8295745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The choice of ovarian stimulation protocols in assisted reproduction technology (ART) cycles for low ovarian reserve patients is challenging. Our previous report indicated that the gonadotrophin-releasing (GnRH) agonist (GnRHa) protocol is better than the GnRH antagonist (GnRHant) protocol for young age poor responders. Here, we recruited 269 patients with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) < 1.2 ng/mL undergoing their first ART cycles for this nested case-control study. We investigated the genetic variants of the relevant genes, including follicular stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR; rs6166), AMH (rs10407022), GnRH (rs6185), and GnRH receptor (GnRHR; rs3756159) in patients <35 years (n = 86) and patients ≥35 years of age (n = 183). Only the genotype of GnRHR (rs3756159) is distributed differently in young (CC 39.5%, CT/TT 60.5%) versus advanced (CC 24.0%, CT/TT 76.0%) age groups (recessive model, p = 0.0091). Furthermore, the baseline luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (3.60 (2.45 to 5.40) vs. 4.40 (2.91 to 6.48)) are different between CC and CT/TT genotype of GnRHR (rs3756159). In conclusion, the genetic variants of GnRHR (rs3756159) could modulate the release of LH in the pituitary gland and might then affect the outcome of ovarian stimulation by GnRHant or GnRHa protocols for patients with low AMH levels.
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Polyzos NP, Neves AR, Drakopoulos P, Spits C, Alvaro Mercadal B, Garcia S, Ma PQM, Le LH, Ho MT, Mertens J, Stoop D, Tournaye H, Vuong NL. The effect of polymorphisms in FSHR and FSHB genes on ovarian response: a prospective multicenter multinational study in Europe and Asia. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1711-1721. [PMID: 33889959 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FSH receptor gene (FSHR) and/or FSH beta subunit-encoding gene (FSHB) influence ovarian response in predicted normal responders treated with rFSH? SUMMARY ANSWER The presence of FSHR SNPs (rs6165, rs6166, rs1394205) has a statistically significant impact in ovarian response, although this effect is of minimal clinical relevance in predicted normal responders treated with a fixed dose of 150 IU rFSH. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Ovarian reserve markers have been a breakthrough in response prediction following ovarian stimulation. However, a significant percentage of patients show a disproportionate lower ovarian response, as compared with their actual ovarian reserve. Studies on pharmacogenetics have demonstrated a relationship between FSHR or FSHB genotyping and drug response, suggesting a potential effect of individual genetic variability on ovarian stimulation. However, evidence from these studies is inconsistent, due to the inclusion of patients with variable ovarian reserve, use of different starting gonadotropin doses, and allowance for dose adjustments during treatment. This highlights the necessity of a well-controlled prospective study in a homogenous population treated with the same fixed protocol. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a multicenter multinational prospective study, including 368 patients from Vietnam, Belgium, and Spain (168 from Europe and 200 from Asia), from November 2016 until June 2019. All patients underwent ovarian stimulation followed by oocyte retrieval in an antagonist protocol with a fixed daily dose of 150 IU rFSH until triggering. Blood sampling and DNA extraction was performed prior to oocyte retrieval, followed by genotyping of four SNPs from FSHR (rs6165, rs6166, rs1394205) and FSHB (rs10835638). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Eligible were predicted normal responder women <38 years old undergoing their first or second ovarian stimulation cycle. Laboratory staff and clinicians were blinded to the clinical results and genotyping, respectively. The prevalence of hypo-responders, the number of oocytes retrieved, the follicular output rate (FORT), and the follicle to oocyte index (FOI) were compared between different FSHR and FSHB SNPs genotypes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The prevalence of derived allele homozygous SNPs in the FSHR was rs6166 (genotype G/G) 15.8%, rs6165 (genotype G/G) 34.8%, and rs1394205 (genotype A/A) 14.1%, with significant differences between Caucasian and Asian women (P < 0.001). FSHB variant rs10835638 (c.-211 G>T) was very rare (0.5%). Genetic model analysis revealed that the presence of the G allele in FSHR variant rs6166 resulted in less oocytes retrieved when compared to the AA genotype (13.54 ± 0.46 vs 14.81 ± 0.61, estimated mean difference (EMD) -1.47 (95% CI -2.82 to -0.11)). In FSHR variant rs1394205, a significantly lower number of oocytes was retrieved in patients with an A allele when compared to G/G (13.33 ± 0.41 vs 15.06 ± 0.68, EMD -1.69 (95% CI -3.06 to -0.31)). A significantly higher prevalence of hypo-responders was found in patients with the genotype A/G for FSHR variant rs6166 (55.9%, n = 57) when compared to A/A (28.4%, n = 29), ORadj 1.87 (95% CI 1.08-3.24). No significant differences were found regarding the FORT across the genotypes for FSHR variants rs6166, rs6165, or rs1394205. Regarding the FOI, the presence of the G allele for FSHR variant rs6166 resulted in a lower FOI when compared to the A/A genotype, EMD -13.47 (95% CI -22.69 to -4.24). Regarding FSHR variant rs6165, a lower FOI was reported for genotype A/G (79.75 ± 3.35) when compared to genotype A/A (92.08 ± 6.23), EMD -13.81 (95% CI -25.41 to -2.21). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study was performed in relatively young women with normal ovarian reserve to eliminate biases related to age-related fertility decline; thus, caution is needed when extrapolating results to older populations. In addition, no analysis was performed for FSHB variant rs10835638 due to the very low prevalence of the genotype T/T (n = 2). WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Based on our results, genotyping FSHR SNPs rs6165, rs6166, rs1394205, and FSHB SNP rs10835638 prior to initiating an ovarian stimulation with rFSH in predicted normal responders should not be recommended, taking into account the minimal clinical impact of such information in this population. Future research may focus on other populations and other genes related to folliculogenesis or steroidogenesis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by an unrestricted grant by Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD). N.P.P. reports grants and/or personal fees from MSD, Merck Serono, Roche Diagnostics, Ferring International, Besins Healthcare, Gedeon Richter, Theramex, and Institut Biochimique SA (IBSA). N.L.V. and M.T.H. report consultancy and conference fees from Merck, Ferring, and MSD, outside the submitted work. P.D. has received honoraria for lecturing and/or research grants from MSD, Ferring International, and Merck. D.S. reports grants and/or personal fees from MSD, Ferring International, Merck Serono, Cook, and Gedeon Richter. A.R.N., B.A.M., C.S., J.M., L.H.L., P.Q.M.M., H.T., and S.G. report no conflict of interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03007043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P Polyzos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University (UZ Gent), Gent, Belgium
| | - A R Neves
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P Drakopoulos
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Spits
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Alvaro Mercadal
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Gynecology Department, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Puigvert, Reproductive Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Q M Ma
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - L H Le
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M T Ho
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - J Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Stoop
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University (UZ Gent), Gent, Belgium
| | - H Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproduction, Institute of Professional Education, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N L Vuong
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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11
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Effect of polymorphisms of MTHFR in controlled ovarian stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2237-2249. [PMID: 34032987 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several studies have reported a potential impact of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), the results remain controversial. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of MTHFR polymorphism on COS outcomes. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched up to December 2, 2020. COS clinical outcomes based on gene polymorphisms were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. The primary outcome was the number of oocytes retrieved. The secondary outcomes were the number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes, stimulation duration, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level, FSH dosage, positive pregnancy test, ongoing pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effect model or random-effect model with Review Man 5.3.5. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) was calculated for continuous outcomes. The quality assessment of included studies was evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, and seven studies with 2015 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Basal FSH level was significantly lower in CC homozygotes than TT homozygotes (four studies, 867 participants, MD - 0.54, 95%CI - 0.85 to - 0.23, P = 0.0006; I2 = 0%) of MTHFR (rs1801133). FSH dose was significantly fewer in CC homozygotes compared with CT heterogeneous (three studies, 949 participants, MD - 75.78, 95%CI - 135.23 to - 16.33, P = 0.01; I2 = 32%) or CT/TT model (three studies, 1097 participants, MD - 80.18, 95%CI - 135.54 to - 24.81, P = 0.005; I2 = 42%). Differences in the oocytes retrieved and stimulation duration were insignificant. Gene variants on MTHFR (rs1801133) and MTHFR (rs1801131) were reported in ongoing pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate. CONCLUSION Studies to date indicate that polymorphisms of MTHFR could influence basal FSH level and FSH dose. The results could be useful to promote clinical practice on COS protocols. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the multigene combination on COS.
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12
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Tang T, Jiao J, Li D, Sun G, Lin L, Wang C, Wang S, Zou R, Liu W, Zhao Y, Wang X. The function of BAP18 on modulation of androgen receptor action in luteinized granulosa cells from normal weight women with and without PCOS. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 527:111228. [PMID: 33662476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in reproductive-age women. In this study, BPTF associated protein of 18 kDa (BAP18) is decreased in luteinized granulosa cells (GCs) from PCOS women. BAP18 depletion significantly decreases CYP19A1 expression levels, leading to an abrogation in transfer capacity of androgen to estrogen in GCs. Also, BAP18 knockdown delays cell cycle G1 to S phase transition and induces cell apoptosis to decrease GCs proliferation. We also provide evidence showing BAP18 interacts with androgen receptor (AR) and enhances AR-mediated transactivation in GCs. Results indicate that AR or BAP18 recruits to androgen response elements (AREs) of CYP19A1 and FSHR, which are putative AR-induced genes in GCs. BAP18 interacts with Sp1 transcription factor and co-recruits to the promoter region of AR gene, resulting in AR transactivation in GCs. Taken together, these data provide new insights on the pathophysiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Tang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Ge Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Renlong Zou
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Wensu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110122, China.
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
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13
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Ahmed I, Abdelateef S, Abdel-Lah MAK, Amor H, Hammadeh ME. Association between FSHR and ESR1 gene variants and ovarian response to gonadotropin in Egyptian women undergoing ICSI treatment. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100499. [PMID: 33740738 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable variability in patients' responses to gonadotropins represents one of the most intractable IVF treatment problems. Identifying the genetic variants associated with ovarian responses to gonadotropins is an important step towards developing individualised pharmacogenetics protocols for ovarian stimulation. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate correlations between FSHR rs6165, FSHR rs616, and ESR1 rs2234693 gene variants and the degree of ovarian response to gonadotropin in Egyptian women undergoing ICSI treatment. Two hundred and eighty Egyptian women (mean age of 20-35) undergoing ICSI treatment were enrolled in a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and May 2019. The women were classified into three groups based on ovarian response: normal responders (retrieved oocytes = 4-15) (n = 80), poor responders (retrieved oocytes < 4) (n = 92), and high responders (retrieved oocytes> 15) (n = 108). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to identify genetic variations in the different study groups. FSHR and ESR1 genetic variants were then compared in normal, poor, and high responders. DNA sequencing results showed significant differences in the frequencies of FSHR rs6166 and ESR1 rs2234693 genotypes in poor responders compared with normal responders (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively). In contrast, no significant differences in the frequencies of FSHR rs6166, FSHR rs6165, or ESR1 rs2234693 genotypes were observed in high responders compared with normal responders (P ≤ 0.074, P ≤ 0.353, and P ≤ 0.060, respectively). These results suggest that FSHR and ESR1 gene variants could predict the degree of ovarian response to Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in Egyptian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Molecular Biology & IVF Unit, University of Saarland, Germany; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Sara Abdelateef
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Molecular Biology & IVF Unit, University of Saarland, Germany
| | | | - Houda Amor
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Molecular Biology & IVF Unit, University of Saarland, Germany
| | - Mohamad Eid Hammadeh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Molecular Biology & IVF Unit, University of Saarland, Germany
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14
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Jiang Y, Xin X, Pan X, Zhang A, Zhang Z, Li J, Yuan X. STAT4 targets KISS1 to promote the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:135. [PMID: 33218349 PMCID: PMC7679982 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, it is known that the estradiol-17β (E2) is mainly synthetized in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), and the excessive apoptosis of GCs induces the follicular atresia. Many studies have implicated the essential role of KISS1, with the pro-synthetic effect of E2 and the anti-apoptotic effect on GCs, in the mammalian folliculogenesis, and several STAT4 potential binding sites were previously predicted on the promoter of KISS1 in pigs. However, the biological effects of STAT4 on GCs and the molecular regulation between STAT4 and KISS1 remained largely unknown. Methods Using the porcine GCs as the cellular model, the overexpression plasmid, small interfering RNA, 5′-deletion and luciferase assay were applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms for STAT4 regulating the expression of KISS1. Results In this study, the STAT4 negatively regulated the mRNA and protein levels of KISS1 in porcine GCs, and the mRNA level of STAT4 was observed to significantly decrease from immature to mature follicles, which was inversed with that of KISS1. The relative luciferase activity of KISS1 promoter was significantly increased with deletion of the fourth potential binding site (− 305/− 295), and ChIP further confirmed that the STAT4 bound at − 305/− 295 region of KISS1. Besides, the STAT4 significantly regulated the mRNA levels of PDK1, FOXO3 and TSC2 of PI3K signaling pathway to promote the cell apoptosis and the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle in GCs. Alternatively, the STAT4 significantly decreased the mRNA levels of CYP17, 3B-HSD, 17B-33 HSD, ESR1, and ESR2, as well as the concentration of E2 in GCs. Furthermore, interfering with the expression of STAT4 was observed to significantly stimulate the pro-synthetic effect of E2 and anti-apoptotic effect of KISS1 in GCs. Conclusions Collectively, the STAT4 might directly target at − 305/− 295 region of KISS1 to negatively regulate the transcription of KISS1, promote the cell apoptosis via PI3K signaling pathway, suppress the synthesis of E2 through the estrogen signaling pathway in porcine GCs. These proposed works could provide useful insight in further investigations on the molecular functionalities of STAT4 and KISS1 in the folliculogenesis of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangchun Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering/Development, Center of Applied Ecology and Ecological Engineering in Universities, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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