1
|
Cheng Y, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu C, Yang L, Chen Z, Wang Y, Yang H, Wang Z. Soluble hydrophobin mutants produced in Escherichia coli can self-assemble at various interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:384-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
2
|
Iwanicki NS, Júnior ID, Eilenberg J, De Fine Licht HH. Comparative RNAseq Analysis of the Insect-Pathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Reveals Specific Transcriptome Signatures of Filamentous and Yeast-Like Development. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:2141-2157. [PMID: 32354703 PMCID: PMC7341153 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is a facultative insect pathogen used as biological control agent of several agricultural pests worldwide. It is a dimorphic fungus that is able to display two growth morphologies, a filamentous phase with formation of hyphae and a yeast-like phase with formation of single-celled blastospores. Blastospores play an important role for M. anisopliae pathogenicity during disease development. They are formed solely in the hemolymph of infected insects as a fungal strategy to quickly multiply and colonize the insect's body. Here, we use comparative genome-wide transcriptome analyses to determine changes in gene expression between the filamentous and blastospore growth phases in vitro to characterize physiological changes and metabolic signatures associated with M. anisopliae dimorphism. Our results show a clear molecular distinction between the blastospore and mycelial phases. In total 6.4% (n = 696) out of 10,981 predicted genes in M. anisopliae were differentially expressed between the two phases with a fold-change > 4. The main physiological processes associated with up-regulated gene content in the single-celled yeast-like blastospores during liquid fermentation were oxidative stress, amino acid metabolism (catabolism and anabolism), respiration processes, transmembrane transport and production of secondary metabolites. In contrast, the up-regulated gene content in hyphae were associated with increased growth, metabolism and cell wall re-organization, which underlines the specific functions and altered growth morphology of M. anisopliae blastospores and hyphae, respectively. Our study revealed significant transcriptomic differences between the metabolism of blastospores and hyphae. These findings illustrate important aspects of fungal morphogenesis in M. anisopliae and highlight the main metabolic activities of each propagule under in vitro growth conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Sant'Anna Iwanicki
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, ESALQ- University of São Paulo, Av Padua Dias, 11-P.O. Box 9-13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil and
| | - Italo Delalibera Júnior
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, ESALQ- University of São Paulo, Av Padua Dias, 11-P.O. Box 9-13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil and
| | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H De Fine Licht
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Curcio JS, Paccez JD, Novaes E, Brock M, Soares CMDA. Cell Wall Synthesis, Development of Hyphae and Metabolic Pathways Are Processes Potentially Regulated by MicroRNAs Produced Between the Morphological Stages of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3057. [PMID: 30619144 PMCID: PMC6297277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. In pathogenic fungi, microRNAs have been described at different morphological stages by regulating targets involved in processes such as morphogenesis and energy production. Members of the Paracoccidioides complex are the main etiological agents of a systemic mycosis in Latin America. Fungi of the Paracoccidioides complex present a wide range of plasticity to colonize different niches. In response to environmental changes these fungi undergo a morphological switch, remodel their cellular metabolism and modulate structural cell wall components. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the gene expression is not well understood. By using high performance sequencing and bioinformatics analyses, this work characterizes microRNAs produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Here, we demonstrated that the transcript encoding proteins involved in microRNA biogenesis were differentially expressed in each morphological stage. In addition, 49 microRNAs were identified in cDNA libraries with 44 differentially regulated among the libraries. Sixteen microRNAs were differentially regulated in comparison to the mycelium in the mycelium-to-yeast transition phase. The yeast parasitic phase revealed a complete remodeling of the expression of these small RNAs. Analyses of targets of the induced microRNAs, from the different libraries, revealed that these molecules may potentially regulate in the cell wall, by repressing genes involved in the synthesis and degradation of glucans and chitin. Furthermore, mRNAs involved in cellular metabolism and development were predicted to be regulated by microRNAs. Therefore, this work describes a putative post transcriptional regulation, mediated by microRNAs in P. brasiliensis and its influence on the adaptive processes of thermal dimorphic fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S. de Curcio
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Juliano D. Paccez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Evandro Novaes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mathias Brock
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Abstract
The molecular composition of the cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of each fungal species. Fungal walls are composed of matrix components that are embedded and linked to scaffolds of fibrous load-bearing polysaccharides. Most of the major cell wall components of fungal pathogens are not represented in humans, other mammals, or plants, and therefore the immune systems of animals and plants have evolved to recognize many of the conserved elements of fungal walls. For similar reasons the enzymes that assemble fungal cell wall components are excellent targets for antifungal chemotherapies and fungicides. However, for fungal pathogens, the cell wall is often disguised since key signature molecules for immune recognition are sometimes masked by immunologically inert molecules. Cell wall damage leads to the activation of sophisticated fail-safe mechanisms that shore up and repair walls to avoid catastrophic breaching of the integrity of the surface. The frontiers of research on fungal cell walls are moving from a descriptive phase defining the underlying genes and component parts of fungal walls to more dynamic analyses of how the various components are assembled, cross-linked, and modified in response to environmental signals. This review therefore discusses recent advances in research investigating the composition, synthesis, and regulation of cell walls and how the cell wall is targeted by immune recognition systems and the design of antifungal diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The molecular composition of the cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of each fungal species. Fungal walls are composed of matrix components that are embedded and linked to scaffolds of fibrous load-bearing polysaccharides. Most of the major cell wall components of fungal pathogens are not represented in humans, other mammals, or plants, and therefore the immune systems of animals and plants have evolved to recognize many of the conserved elements of fungal walls. For similar reasons the enzymes that assemble fungal cell wall components are excellent targets for antifungal chemotherapies and fungicides. However, for fungal pathogens, the cell wall is often disguised since key signature molecules for immune recognition are sometimes masked by immunologically inert molecules. Cell wall damage leads to the activation of sophisticated fail-safe mechanisms that shore up and repair walls to avoid catastrophic breaching of the integrity of the surface. The frontiers of research on fungal cell walls are moving from a descriptive phase defining the underlying genes and component parts of fungal walls to more dynamic analyses of how the various components are assembled, cross-linked, and modified in response to environmental signals. This review therefore discusses recent advances in research investigating the composition, synthesis, and regulation of cell walls and how the cell wall is targeted by immune recognition systems and the design of antifungal diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil A R Gow
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB252ZD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carol A Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB252ZD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qi X, Liu B, Song Q, Zou B, Bu Y, Wu H, Ding L, Zhou G. Assessing Fungal Population in Soil Planted with Cry1Ac and CPTI Transgenic Cotton and Its Conventional Parental Line Using 18S and ITS rDNA Sequences over Four Seasons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1023. [PMID: 27462344 PMCID: PMC4940383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-term growth of genetically modified plants (GMPs) has raised concerns regarding their ecological effects. Here, FLX-pyrosequencing of region I (18S) and region II (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) rDNA was used to characterize fungal communities in soil samples after 10-year monoculture of one representative transgenic cotton line (TC-10) and 15-year plantation of various transgenic cotton cultivars (TC-15mix) over four seasons. Soil fungal communities in the rhizosphere of non-transgenic control (CC) were also compared. No notable differences were observed in soil fertility variables among CC, TC-10, and TC-15mix. Within seasons, the different estimations were statistically indistinguishable. There were 411 and 2 067 fungal operational taxonomic units in the two regions, respectively. More than 75% of fungal taxa were stable in both CC and TC except for individual taxa with significantly different abundance between TC and CC. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between CC and TC-10, while discrimination of separating TC-15mix from CC and TC-10 with 37.86% explained variance in PCoA and a significant difference of Shannon indexes between TC-10 and TC-15mix were observed in region II. As TC-15mix planted with a mixture of transgenic cottons (Zhongmian-29, 30, and 33B) for over 5 years, different genetic modifications may introduce variations in fungal diversity. Further clarification is necessary by detecting the fungal dynamic changes in sites planted in monoculture of various transgenic cottons. Overall, we conclude that monoculture of one representative transgenic cotton cultivar may have no effect on fungal diversity compared with conventional cotton. Furthermore, the choice of amplified region and methodology has potential to affect the outcome of the comparison between GM-crop and its parental line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiemin Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Qinxin Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ying Bu
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and BiotechnicsNanjing, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and BiotechnicsNanjing, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kudo T, Sato Y, Hara T, Joh T, Tasaki Y. Heterogeneous expression and emulsifying activity of class I hydrophobin from Pholiota nameko. MYCOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-010-0097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Novel hydrophobins from Trichoderma define a new hydrophobin subclass: protein properties, evolution, regulation and processing. J Mol Evol 2011; 72:339-51. [PMID: 21424760 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-011-9438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small proteins, characterised by the presence of eight positionally conserved cysteine residues, and are present in all filamentous asco- and basidiomycetes. They are found on the outer surfaces of cell walls of hyphae and conidia, where they mediate interactions between the fungus and the environment. Hydrophobins are conventionally grouped into two classes (class I and II) according to their solubility in solvents, hydropathy profiles and spacing between the conserved cysteines. Here we describe a novel set of hydrophobins from Trichoderma spp. that deviate from this classification in their hydropathy, cysteine spacing and protein surface pattern. Phylogenetic analysis shows that they form separate clades within ascomycete class I hydrophobins. Using T. atroviride as a model, the novel hydrophobins were found to be expressed under conditions of glucose limitation and to be regulated by differential splicing.
Collapse
|
10
|
Salgado-Salazar C, Jones LR, Restrepo Á, McEwen JG. The human fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Onygenales: Ajellomycetaceae) is a complex of two species: phylogenetic evidence from five mitochondrial markers. Cladistics 2010; 26:613-624. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
11
|
Expression and purification of a functionally active class I fungal hydrophobin from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in E. coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:327-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Monteiro JP, Clemons KV, Mirels LF, Coller JA, Wu TD, Shankar J, Lopes CR, Stevens DA. Genomic DNA microarray comparison of gene expression patterns in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelia and yeasts in vitro. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:2795-2808. [PMID: 19406900 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.027441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermally dimorphic fungus, and causes the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia or mycelial fragments by the host, followed by further differentiation into the yeast form. Information regarding gene expression by either form has rarely been addressed with respect to multiple time points of growth in culture. Here, we report on the construction of a genomic DNA microarray, covering approximately 25 % of the genome of the organism, and its utilization in identifying genes and gene expression patterns during growth in vitro. Cloned, amplified inserts from randomly sheared genomic DNA (gDNA) and known control genes were printed onto glass slides to generate a microarray of over 12,000 elements. To examine gene expression, mRNA was extracted and amplified from mycelial or yeast cultures grown in semi-defined medium for 5, 8 and 14 days. Principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated that yeast gene expression profiles differed greatly from those of mycelia, especially at earlier time points, and that mycelial gene expression changed less than gene expression in yeasts over time. Genes upregulated in yeasts were found to encode proteins shown to be involved in methionine/cysteine metabolism, respiratory and metabolic processes (of sugars, amino acids, proteins and lipids), transporters (small peptides, sugars, ions and toxins), regulatory proteins and transcription factors. Mycelial genes involved in processes such as cell division, protein catabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis and toxin and sugar transport showed differential expression. Sequenced clones were compared with Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides posadasii genome sequences to assess potentially common pathways across species, such as sulfur and lipid metabolism, amino acid transporters, transcription factors and genes possibly related to virulence. We also analysed gene expression with time in culture and found that while transposable elements and components of respiratory pathways tended to increase in expression with time, genes encoding ribosomal structural proteins and protein catabolism tended to sharply decrease in expression over time, particularly in yeast. These findings expand our knowledge of the different morphological forms of P. brasiliensis during growth in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jomar Patrício Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.,Genetics Department, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Karl V Clemons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Laurence F Mirels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - John A Coller
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas D Wu
- Bioinformatics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jata Shankar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Catalina R Lopes
- Genetics Department, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Viterbo A, Chet I. TasHyd1, a new hydrophobin gene from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum, is involved in plant root colonization. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2006; 7:249-58. [PMID: 20507444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY A hydrophobin-like clone (TasHyd1) was isolated during a PCR differential mRNA display analysis conducted on Trichoderma asperellum mycelia interacting with plant roots. The open reading frame encodes a 145-amino-acid protein showing similarity to Pbhyd1, a Class I hydrophobin from the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. TasHyd1 expression was detected in planta up to 5 days after Trichoderma root inoculation. TasHyd1 is constitutively expressed at low levels in mycelia in young cultures but gene expression is not detected in sporulating hyphae or in non-germinating spores. Carbon limitation stimulates expression of TasHyd1 whereas nitrogen or phosphate starvation down-regulate expression. TasHyd1 fused to an HA tag was over-expressed in Trichoderma and the protein was detected with an anti-HA antibody in the trifluoroacetic-acid-soluble fraction of mycelial cell walls. Over-expressor mutants were not affected in their mycoparasitic activity when tested in vitro against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and retained root colonization capacity comparable with that of the wild-type. TasHyd1 deletion mutants had no significant reduction in in vitro mycoparasitic activity but were altered in their wettability and were severely impaired in root attachment and colonization. These phenotypes were recovered by complementation of TasHyd1, indicating that the protein is a new hydrophobin that contributes to Trichoderma interaction with the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Viterbo
- Department of Plant Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Andrade RV, Da Silva SP, Torres FAG, Poças-Fonseca MJ, Silva-Pereira I, Maranhão AQ, Campos EG, Moraes LMP, Jesuíno RSA, Pereira M, Soares CMA, Walter MEMT, Carvalho MJA, Almeida NF, Brigido MM, Felipe MSS. Overview and perspectives on the transcriptome of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Rev Iberoam Micol 2005; 22:203-12. [PMID: 16499412 DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1406(05)70044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic and thermo-regulated fungus which is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, an endemic disease widespread in Latin America that affects 10 million individuals. Pathogenicity is assumed to be a consequence of the dimorphic transition from mycelium to yeast cells during human infection. This review shows the results of the P. brasiliensis transcriptome project which generated 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phases. Computer analysis using the tools of bioinformatics revealed several aspects from the transcriptome of this pathogen such as: general and differential metabolism in mycelium and yeast cells; cell cycle, DNA replication, repair and recombination; RNA biogenesis apparatus; translation and protein fate machineries; cell wall; hydrolytic enzymes; proteases; GPI-anchored proteins; molecular chaperones; insights into drug resistance and transporters; oxidative stress response and virulence. The present analysis has provided a more comprehensive view of some specific features considered relevant for the understanding of basic and applied knowledge of P. brasiliensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela V Andrade
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Felipe MSS, Torres FAG, Maranhão AQ, Silva-Pereira I, Poças-Fonseca MJ, Campos EG, Moraes LMP, Arraes FBM, Carvalho MJA, Andrade RV, Nicola AM, Teixeira MM, Jesuíno RSA, Pereira M, Soares CMA, Brígido MM. Functional genome of the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 45:369-81. [PMID: 16061364 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic and thermo-regulated fungus which is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, an endemic disease widespread in Latin America. Pathogenicity is assumed to be a consequence of the cellular differentiation process that this fungus undergoes from mycelium to yeast cells during human infection. In an effort to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in this process a network of Brazilian laboratories carried out a transcriptome project for both cell types. This review focuses on the data analysis yielding a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism and the molecular adaptations during dimorphism in P. brasiliensis from analysis of 6022 groups, related to expressed genes, which were generated from both mycelium and yeast phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sueli S Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Felipe MSS, Andrade RV, Arraes FBM, Nicola AM, Maranhão AQ, Torres FAG, Silva-Pereira I, Poças-Fonseca MJ, Campos EG, Moraes LMP, Andrade PA, Tavares AHFP, Silva SS, Kyaw CM, Souza DP, Pereira M, Jesuíno RSA, Andrade EV, Parente JA, Oliveira GS, Barbosa MS, Martins NF, Fachin AL, Cardoso RS, Passos GAS, Almeida NF, Walter MEMT, Soares CMA, Carvalho MJA, Brígido MM. Transcriptional Profiles of the Human Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Mycelium and Yeast Cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:24706-14. [PMID: 15849188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500625200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sueli S Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Daher BS, Venancio EJ, de Freitas SM, Báo SN, Vianney PVR, Andrade RV, Dantas AS, Soares CMA, Silva-Pereira I, Felipe MSS. The highly expressed yeast gene pby20 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis encodes a flavodoxin-like protein. Fungal Genet Biol 2005; 42:434-43. [PMID: 15809007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding the entire highly expressed protein previously identified in the proteome of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells as PbY20 has been isolated. The pby20 sequence reveals an open reading frame of 1364bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 203 residues, which shows high identity to benzoquinone reductase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (72.0%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ycp4 (65%), and Schizosaccharomyces pombe p25 (59%), and to allergens from Alternaria alternata Alt a7 (70%) and from Cladosporium herbarum, Cla h5 (68%). Low levels of the pby20 transcript in the mycelium and highly induced ones in infective yeast cells during the transition of this dimorphic fungus indicate transcriptional control of its expression. PbY20 was immunologically detected only in yeast cell extract, suggesting an important role in cell differentiation or even in the maintenance of the yeast form. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that PbY20 is found inside large granules and vacuoles, in the nucleus, and also in the cytoplasm. Through sequence comparisons analysis and fluorescence emission assay, PbY20 was recognized as a member of the flavin mononucleotide flavodoxin-like WrbA family, which are involved in heat shock and oxidative stress in biological systems. Assuming that PbY20 belongs to this family, a similar role could be attributed to this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Daher
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2004; 21:1133-40. [PMID: 15529464 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|