1
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Abstract
Changes in the abundances of animals, such as with the ongoing concern about insect declines, are often assumed to be general across taxa. However, this assumption is largely untested. Here, we used a database of assemblage-wide long-term insect and arachnid monitoring to compare abundance trends among co-occurring pairs of taxa. We show that 60% of co-occurring taxa qualitatively showed long-term trends in the same direction-either both increasing or both decreasing. However, in terms of magnitude, temporal trends were only weakly correlated (mean freshwater r = 0.05 (±0.03), mean terrestrial r = 0.12 (±0.09)). The strongest correlation was between trends of beetles and those of moths/butterflies (r = 0.26). Overall, even though there is some support for directional similarity in temporal trends, we find that changes in the abundance of one taxon provide little information on the changes of other taxa. No clear candidate for umbrella or indicator taxa emerged from our analysis. We conclude that obtaining a better picture of changes in insect abundances will require monitoring of multiple taxa, which remains uncommon, especially in the terrestrial realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research – iDiv - Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University-Halle Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana E. Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research – iDiv - Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany,Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin B. Gongalsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research – iDiv - Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University-Halle Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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2
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Kumari K, Naskar M, Aftabuddin M, Das Sarkar S, Ghosh BD, Sarkar UK, Nag SK, Jana C, Das BK. Evaluation of Three Prokaryote Primers for Identification of Prokaryote Community Structure and Their Abode Preference in Three Distinct Wetland Ecosystems. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643945. [PMID: 34335488 PMCID: PMC8317468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultimate role of prokaryote (bacteria and archaea), the decomposer of the wetland ecosystem, depends on its community structure and its interaction with the environment. The present study has used three universal prokaryote primers to compare prokaryote community structure and diversity of three distinctly different wetlands. The study results revealed that α-diversity indices and phylogenetic differential abundance patterns did not differ significantly among primers, but they did differ significantly across wetlands. Microbial community composition revealed a distinct pattern for each primer in each wetland. Overall comparison of prokaryote communities in sediments of three wetlands revealed the highest prokaryote richness and diversity in Bhomra (freshwater wetland) followed by Malencho (brackish-water wetland) and East Kolkata wetland (EKW) (sewage-fed wetland). Indicator genus analysis identified 21, 4, and 29 unique indicator genera, having preferential abode for Bhomra, EKW, and Malencho, respectively. Prediction of potential roles of these microbes revealed a preference for sulfate-reducing microbes in Malencho and methanogens in Bhomra. The distinct phylogenetic differential abundance pattern, microbial abode preference, and their potential functional role predict ecosystem variables shaping microbial diversity. The variation in community composition of prokaryotes in response to ecosystem variables can serve as the most sensitive bioindicator of wetland ecosystem assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kumari
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Malay Naskar
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Informatics Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Md Aftabuddin
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Informatics Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Soma Das Sarkar
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Informatics Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Bandana Das Ghosh
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- Reservoir and Wetland Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Subir Kumar Nag
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Informatics Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Chayna Jana
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Informatics Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
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Zhang W, Bahadur A, Sajjad W, Zhang G, Nasir F, Zhang B, Wu X, Liu G, Chen T. Bacterial Diversity and Community Composition Distribution in Cold-Desert Habitats of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020262. [PMID: 33514038 PMCID: PMC7911287 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities in cold-desert habitats play an important ecological role. However, the variation in bacterial diversity and community composition of the cold-desert ecosystem in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau remains unknown. To fill this scientific gape, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was performed on 15 soil samples collected from different cold-desert habitats, including human-disturbed, vegetation coverage, desert land, and sand dune. The abundance-based coverage estimator, Shannon, and Chao indices showed that the bacterial diversity and abundance of the cold-desert were high. A significant variation reported in the bacterial diversity and community composition across the study area. Proteobacteria accounted for the largest proportion (12.4–55.7%) of all sequences, followed by Actinobacteria (9.2–39.7%), Bacteroidetes (1.8–21.5%), and Chloroflexi (2.7–12.6%). Furthermore, unclassified genera dominated in human-disturbed habitats. The community profiles of GeErMu, HongLiangHe, and CuoNaHu sites were different and metagenomic biomarkers were higher (22) in CuoNaHu sites. Among the soil physicochemical variables, the total nitrogen and electric conductivity significantly influenced the bacterial community structure. In conclusion, this study provides information regarding variation in diversity and composition of bacterial communities and elucidates the association between bacterial community structures and soil physicochemical variables in cold-desert habitats of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.Z.); (G.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.Z.); (G.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
| | - Binglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.Z.); (G.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.Z.); (G.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China; (A.B.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (T.C.); Tel.: +86-0931-8273670 (T.C.)
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (T.C.); Tel.: +86-0931-8273670 (T.C.)
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4
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Sekhohola-Dlamini L, Selvarajan R, Ogola HJO, Tekere M. Community diversity metrics, interactions, and metabolic functions of bacteria associated with municipal solid waste landfills at different maturation stages. Microbiologyopen 2020; 10:e1118. [PMID: 33314739 PMCID: PMC7818627 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Municipal landfills are hot spots of dynamic bioprocesses facilitated by complex interactions of a multifaceted microbiome, whose functioning in municipal landfills at different maturing stages is poorly understood. This study determined bacterial community composition, interaction conetworks, metabolic functions, and controlling physicochemical properties in two landfills aged 14 and 36 years. High throughput sequencing revealed a similar distribution of bacterial diversity, evenness, and richness in the 14‐ and 36‐year‐old landfills in the 0–90 cm depth. At deeper layers (120–150 cm), the 14‐year‐old landfill had significantly greater bacterial diversity and richness indicating that it is a more active microcosm than the 36‐year‐old landfill, where phylum Epsilonbacteraeota was overwhelmingly dominant. The taxonomic and functional diversity in the 14‐year‐old landfill was further reflected by the abundant presence of indicator genera Pseudomonas,Lutispora,Hydrogenspora, and Sulfurimonas coupled with the presence of biomarker enzymes associated with carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) metabolism. Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis revealed that bacteria in the 14‐year‐old landfill were positively correlated with high C, N, S, and phosphorus resulting in positive cooccurrence interactions. In the 36‐year‐old landfill, negative coexclusion interactions populated by members of N fixing Rhizobiales were dominant, with metabolic functions and biomarker enzymes predicting significant N fixation that, as indicated by interaction network, potentially inhibited ammonia‐intolerant bacteria. Overall, our findings show that diverse bacterial community in the 14‐year‐old landfill was dominated by copiotrophs associated with positive conetworks, whereas the 36‐year‐old landfill was dominated by lithotrophs linked to coexclusion interactions that greatly reduced bacterial diversity and richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerato Sekhohola-Dlamini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Henry Joseph Odour Ogola
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg, South Africa
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5
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Abstract
Dung beetles are increasingly used as a study taxon—both as bioindicators of environmental change, and as a model system for exploring ecosystem functioning. The advantages of this focal taxon approach are many; dung beetles are abundant in a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems, speciose, straightforward to sample, respond to environmental gradients and can be easily manipulated to explore species-functioning relationships. However, there remain large gaps in our understanding of the relationship between dung beetles and the mammals they rely on for dung. Here we review the literature, showing that despite an increase in the study of dung beetles linked to ecosystem functioning and to habitat and land use change, there has been little research into their associations with mammals. We summarize the methods and findings from dung beetle–mammal association studies to date, revealing that although empirical field studies of dung beetles rarely include mammal data, those that do, indicate mammal species presence and composition has a large impact on dung beetle species richness and abundance. We then review the methods used to carry out diet preference and ecosystem functioning studies, finding that despite the assumption that dung beetles are generalist feeders, there are few quantitative studies that directly address this. Together this suggests that conclusions about the effects of habitat change on dung beetles are based on incomplete knowledge. We provide recommendations for future work to identify the importance of considering mammal data for dung beetle distributions, composition and their contributions to ecosystem functioning; a critical step if dung beetles are to be used as a reliable bioindicator taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Raine
- 1 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS , UK
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- 1 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS , UK.,2 Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster , Lancaster LA1 AYQ , UK
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6
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Abstract
Beetles have colonized water many times during their history, with some of these events involving extensive evolutionary radiations and multiple transitions between land and water. With over 13,000 described species, they are one of the most diverse macroinvertebrate groups in most nonmarine aquatic habitats and occur on all continents except Antarctica. A combination of wide geographical and ecological range and relatively accessible taxonomy makes these insects an excellent model system for addressing a variety of questions in ecology and evolution. Work on water beetles has recently made important contributions to fields as diverse as DNA taxonomy, macroecology, historical biogeography, sexual selection, and conservation biology, as well as predicting organismal responses to global change. Aquatic beetles have some of the best resolved phylogenies of any comparably diverse insect group, and this, coupled with recent advances in taxonomic and ecological knowledge, is likely to drive an expansion of studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Bilton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom;
| | - Ignacio Ribera
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Pompeu Fabra University), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrew Edward Z Short
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA;
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García de León D, Davison J, Moora M, Öpik M, Feng H, Hiiesalu I, Jairus T, Koorem K, Liu Y, Phosri C, Sepp SK, Vasar M, Zobel M. Anthropogenic disturbance equalizes diversity levels in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:2649-2659. [PMID: 29573508 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a key plant-microbe interaction in sustainable functioning ecosystems. Increasing anthropogenic disturbance poses a threat to AM fungal communities worldwide, but there is little empirical evidence about its potential negative consequences. In this global study, we sequenced AM fungal DNA in soil samples collected from pairs of natural (undisturbed) and anthropogenic (disturbed) plots in two ecosystem types (10 naturally wooded and six naturally unwooded ecosystems). We found that ecosystem type had stronger directional effects than anthropogenic disturbance on AM fungal alpha and beta diversity. However, disturbance increased alpha and beta diversity at sites where natural diversity was low and decreased diversity at sites where natural diversity was high. Cultured AM fungal taxa were more prevalent in anthropogenic than natural plots, probably due to their efficient colonization strategies and ability to recover from disturbance. We conclude that anthropogenic disturbance does not have a consistent directional effect on AM fungal diversity; rather, disturbance equalizes levels of diversity at large scales and causes changes in community functional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Huyuan Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Teele Jairus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Siim-Kaarel Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martti Vasar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Tang T, Ren Z, Tang T, Cai QH. [Total nitrogen and total phosphorus thresholds for epilithic diatom assemblages in inflow tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2016; 27:2670-2678. [PMID: 29733157 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201608.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To study the relationships between in-stream total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) loads and responses of epilithic algal metrics, nonparametric change-point analysis (nCPA) and thresholds indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) were used to detect possible TN and TP thresholds for algal chlorophyll a, diatom richness, Shannon diversity index, and diatom community composition for tributary rivers of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). We found that nCPA simulated similar TP thresholds for all the four algal metrics (-0.03 mg·L-1), with similar TN thresholds (-0.8 mg·L-1) for all metrics but community composition. In contrast, TITAN provided specific nutrient thresholds for both sensitive and tolerant taxa within the whole community, and the threshold ranges covered thresholds for the other metrics. Additionally, nine (one sensitive and eight tolerant taxa) and ten indicator taxa (five sensitive and five tolerant taxa) for TN and TP were detected by TITAN, respectively. Therefore, we used the results of TITAN to define nutrient thresholds for the study rivers. That is, when in-stream TN concentration exceeded 0.382 mg·L-1 or TP concentration exceeded 0.016 mg·L-1(i.e. negative response threshold), sensitive taxa within river epilithic diatom assemblages would respond with decrease in density. When TN exceeded 1.298 mg·L-1 or TP exceeded 0.065 mg·L-1(i.e. positive response threshold), even tolerant taxa would be influenced and the whole assemblage would be changed significantly. Based on such criteria, we found that 87% sites had TN concentrations higher than the negative response threshold, with 22% sites being higher than the TN positive response threshold. As for TP, 94% and 14% sites exceeded the negative and positive response threshold, respectively. Our findings suggest that although most of the inflow tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir were disturbed by human disturbance, yet the disturbance was not so extensive. Our findings provided significant information for managing river ecosystems of the TGR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ze Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qing Hua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Qi X, Liu B, Song Q, Zou B, Bu Y, Wu H, Ding L, Zhou G. Assessing Fungal Population in Soil Planted with Cry1Ac and CPTI Transgenic Cotton and Its Conventional Parental Line Using 18S and ITS rDNA Sequences over Four Seasons. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1023. [PMID: 27462344 PMCID: PMC4940383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-term growth of genetically modified plants (GMPs) has raised concerns regarding their ecological effects. Here, FLX-pyrosequencing of region I (18S) and region II (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) rDNA was used to characterize fungal communities in soil samples after 10-year monoculture of one representative transgenic cotton line (TC-10) and 15-year plantation of various transgenic cotton cultivars (TC-15mix) over four seasons. Soil fungal communities in the rhizosphere of non-transgenic control (CC) were also compared. No notable differences were observed in soil fertility variables among CC, TC-10, and TC-15mix. Within seasons, the different estimations were statistically indistinguishable. There were 411 and 2 067 fungal operational taxonomic units in the two regions, respectively. More than 75% of fungal taxa were stable in both CC and TC except for individual taxa with significantly different abundance between TC and CC. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between CC and TC-10, while discrimination of separating TC-15mix from CC and TC-10 with 37.86% explained variance in PCoA and a significant difference of Shannon indexes between TC-10 and TC-15mix were observed in region II. As TC-15mix planted with a mixture of transgenic cottons (Zhongmian-29, 30, and 33B) for over 5 years, different genetic modifications may introduce variations in fungal diversity. Further clarification is necessary by detecting the fungal dynamic changes in sites planted in monoculture of various transgenic cottons. Overall, we conclude that monoculture of one representative transgenic cotton cultivar may have no effect on fungal diversity compared with conventional cotton. Furthermore, the choice of amplified region and methodology has potential to affect the outcome of the comparison between GM-crop and its parental line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiemin Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Qinxin Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ying Bu
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and BiotechnicsNanjing, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and BiotechnicsNanjing, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
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de la Peña-Cuéllar E, Benítez-Malvido J, Avila-Cabadilla LD, Martínez-Ramos M, Estrada A. Structure and diversity of phyllostomid bat assemblages on riparian corridors in a human-dominated tropical landscape. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:903-13. [PMID: 25750716 PMCID: PMC4338972 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests around the world have been lost, mainly because of agricultural activities. Linear elements like riparian vegetation in fragmented tropical landscapes help maintain the native flora and fauna. Information about the role of riparian corridors as a reservoir of bat species, however, is scanty. We assessed the value of riparian corridors on the conservation of phyllostomid bat assemblage in an agricultural landscape of southern Mexico. For 2 years (2011-2013), mist-netting at ground level was carried out twice during the dry season (December to May) and twice during the wet season (June to November) in different habitats: (1) riparian corridors in mature forest, (2) riparian corridors in pasture, (3) continuous forest away from riparian vegetation, and (4) open pastures. Each habitat was replicated three times. To determine the influence of vegetation structure on bat assemblages, all trees (≥10 cm dbh) were sampled in all habitats. Overall, 1752 individuals belonging to 28 species of Phyllostomidae were captured with Sternodermatinae being the most rich and abundant subfamily. Riparian corridors in mature forest and pastures had the greatest species richness and shared 65% of all species. Open pastures had the lowest richness and abundance of bats with no Phyllostominae species recorded. Six of the 18 species recorded could be considered as habitat indicators. There was a positive relationship between bat species composition and tree basal area. Our findings suggest that contrary to our expectations, bats with generalist habits and naturally abundant could be useful detector taxa of habitat modification, rather than bats strongly associated with undisturbed forest. Also in human-dominated landscapes, the maintenance of habitat elements such as large trees in riparian corridors can serve as reservoirs for bat species, especially for those that are strongly associated with undisturbed forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika de la Peña-Cuéllar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMorelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Julieta Benítez-Malvido
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMorelia, Michoacán, México
| | | | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMorelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Alejandro Estrada
- Estacion de Biología Tropical “Los Tuxtlas”, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMorelia, Michoacán, México
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