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de Hoog S, Walsh TJ, Ahmed SA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Alexander BD, Arendrup MC, Babady E, Bai FY, Balada-Llasat JM, Borman A, Chowdhary A, Clark A, Colgrove RC, Cornely OA, Dingle TC, Dufresne PJ, Fuller J, Gangneux JP, Gibas C, Glasgow H, Gräser Y, Guillot J, Groll AH, Haase G, Hanson K, Harrington A, Hawksworth DL, Hayden RT, Hoenigl M, Hubka V, Johnson K, Kus JV, Li R, Meis JF, Lackner M, Lanternier F, Leal Jr. SM, Lee F, Lockhart SR, Luethy P, Martin I, Kwon-Chung KJ, Meyer W, Nguyen MH, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Palavecino E, Pancholi P, Pappas PG, Procop GW, Redhead SA, Rhoads DD, Riedel S, Stevens B, Sullivan KO, Vergidis P, Roilides E, Seyedmousavi A, Tao L, Vicente VA, Vitale RG, Wang QM, Wengenack NL, Westblade L, Wiederhold N, White L, Wojewoda CM, Zhang SX. A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0087323. [PMID: 37882528 PMCID: PMC10662369 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00873-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versus the genus level. Some suggestions are made here to reduce the number of name changes. We urge taxonomists to provide diagnostic markers of taxonomic novelties. Given the instability of phylogenetic trees due to variable taxon sampling, we advocate to maintain genera at the largest possible size. Reporting of identified species in complexes or series should where possible comprise both the name of the overarching species and that of the molecular sibling, often cryptic species. Because the use of different names for the same species will be unavoidable for many years to come, an open access online database of the names of all medically important fungi, with proper nomenclatural designation and synonymy, is essential. We further recommend that while taxonomic discovery continues, the adaptation of new name changes by clinical laboratories and clinicians be reviewed routinely by a standing committee for validation and stability over time, with reference to an open access database, wherein reasons for changes are listed in a transparent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren de Hoog
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA)
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics
| | - Sarah A. Ahmed
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, the Netherlands
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara D. Alexander
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maiken Cavling Arendrup
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-AFST)
| | - Esther Babady
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Feng-Yan Bai
- Mycology Committee of Chinese Society for Microbiology
- Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Medical Mycology Society of Chinese Medicine and Education Association
- Asia Pacific Society for Medical Mycology
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health
- Mycological Society of China (MSC)
| | - Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Borman
- National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Fungal Pathogens, Medical Mycology Unit, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Andrew Clark
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C. Colgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA)
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tanis C. Dingle
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philippe J. Dufresne
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Mycology Department, Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeff Fuller
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Department of Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Connie Gibas
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Glasgow
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yvonne Gräser
- Department of Parasitology (Charité), Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Guillot
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health
- Onoris, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - Andreas H. Groll
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Haase
- Laboratory Diagnostic Center, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kimberly Hanson
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda Harrington
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Loyola University Health System, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Jilin Agricultural University, Chanchung, China
- General Committee for Nomenclature, International Botanical Congress (IBC)
- Advisory Board of International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF)
| | - Randall T. Hayden
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Translational Medical Mycology Research Unit, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- European Hematology Association, Specialized Working Group for Infections in Hematology, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristie Johnson
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, UMMC Laboratories of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julianne V. Kus
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Canada and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-AFST)
- Medical Mycology Society of Chinese Medicine and Education Association
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Lackner
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sixto M. Leal Jr.
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Francesca Lee
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shawn R. Lockhart
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul Luethy
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, UMMC Laboratories of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella Martin
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA)
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Hong Nguyen
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Palavecino
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Preeti Pancholi
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter G. Pappas
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary W. Procop
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- The American Board of Pathology, Tampa, Florida, USA
- American Board of Pathology (ABP)
| | - Scott A. Redhead
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA)
- National Mycological Herbarium, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel D. Rhoads
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Riedel
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan Stevens
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaede Ota Sullivan
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paschalis Vergidis
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amir Seyedmousavi
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lili Tao
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vania A. Vicente
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roxana G. Vitale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Unidad de Parasitología, Sector Micología, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Nancy L. Wengenack
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lars Westblade
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lewis White
- Public Health Wales Microbiology, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christina M. Wojewoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sean X. Zhang
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Zhou X, Ahmed SA, Tang C, Grisolia ME, Warth JFG, Webster K, Peano A, Uhrlass S, Cafarchia C, Hayette MP, Sacheli R, Matos T, Kang Y, de Hoog GS, Feng P. Human adaptation and diversification in the Microsporum canis complex. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 37488659 PMCID: PMC10367411 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-023-00120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Microsporum canis complex consists of one zoophilic species, M. canis, and two anthropophilic species, M. audouinii and M. ferrugineum. These species are the most widespread zoonotic pathogens causing dermatophytosis in cats and humans worldwide. To clarify the evolutionary relationship between the three species and explore the potential host shift process, this study used phylogenetic analysis, population structure analysis, multispecies coalescent analyses, determination of MAT idiomorph distribution, sexual crosses, and macromorphology and physicochemical features to address the above questions. The complex of Microsporum canis, M. audouinii and M. ferrugineum comprises 12 genotypes. MAT1-1 was present only in M. canis, while the anthropophilic entities contained MAT1-2. The pseudocleistothecia were yielded by the mating behaviour of M. canis and M. audouinii. Growth rates and lipase, keratinolysis and urea hydrolytic capacities of zoophilic M. canis isolates were all higher than those of anthropophilic strains; DNase activity of M. ferrugineum exceeded that of M. canis. The optimum growth temperature was 28 °C, but 22 °C favoured the development of macroconidia. Molecular data, physicochemical properties and phenotypes suggest the adaptation of zoophilic M. canis to anthropophilic M. ferrugineum, with M. audouinii in an intermediate position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-senen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah A Ahmed
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Tang
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Eduarda Grisolia
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Kristen Webster
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Medical Mycology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, USA
| | - Andrea Peano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Silke Uhrlass
- Labor für Medizinische Mikrobiologie Nenoff / Krüger, Mölbis, Germany
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marie Pierre Hayette
- Belgian National Reference Center, Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Rosalie Sacheli
- Belgian National Reference Center, Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tadeja Matos
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yingqian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou & Guizhou Talent Base for Microbiology and Human Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China.
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, The Netherlands.
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou & Guizhou Talent Base for Microbiology and Human Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Peiying Feng
- Department of Dermatology, 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-senen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Nair SS, Abhishek, Saini S, M S C, Sharun K, V A, Thomas P, Kumar B, Chaturvedi VK. Dermatophytosis caused by Nannizzia nana (Microsporum nanum): a comprehensive review on a novel pathogen. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:509-521. [PMID: 36437438 PMCID: PMC9943922 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinophilic fungi are mostly soil-inhabiting organisms with occasional infections in humans and animals. Even though most dermatophytes are host-adapted, cross-species infections are common by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. N. nana is considered an etiological agent of ringworm in pigs but has also been isolated from other animals, including humans. However, it also possesses many characteristics of geophilic dermatophytes including the ability to grow in soil. N. nana produces characteristic pear-shaped macroconidia and usually exhibits an ectothrix pattern of hair infection. It has been isolated from dermatitis lesions as well as from soil. N. nana infections in pigs are not of much concern as far as economy or health is concerned. But it has been associated with onychomycosis and gonathritis in humans, which are significant in human medicine. The shift in the predominance of dermatophytes in humans and the ability to evolve into a potential tinea pathogen necessitates more understanding of the physiology and genetics of N. nana. In this review, we have attempted a detailed analysis of the studies about N. nana, emphasizing growth and cultural characters, physiology, isolation, infection in humans and animals, molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
| | - Shubham Saini
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Chandana M S
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Athira V
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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4
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Tang C, Ahmed SA, Deng S, Zhang L, Zoll J, Al-Hatmi AMS, Meis JF, Thakur R, Kang Y, de Hoog GS. Detection of emerging genotypes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex: A proposal for handling biodiversity in dermatophytes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960190. [PMID: 36081804 PMCID: PMC9445586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A resistant and hypervirulent dermatophyte from India has been described as a taxonomic novelty, Trichophyton indotineae, a species of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. Rapid detection and correct identification of closely similar dermatophytes with different predilections are essential for efficient clinical management. We evaluated the efficacy of rapid diagnostic methods clinical and environmental strains in the T. mentagrophytes complex. The methods included Real-time-PCR, DermaGenius, LAMP, and MALDI-ToF MS, using rDNA ITS sequences as taxonomic standard. The results show that only MALDI-ToF MS can distinguish 96.97% T. indotineae from other closely related species. The complex comprises numerous clones which may differ in anonymous markers but with similar evolutionary behavior. Therefore, we recommend to distinguish species only when they show an appreciable degree of adaptation and thus are clinically significant. The distinction of remaining clonal diversity is an epidemiological query and can be solved by haplotype numbering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah A. Ahmed
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jan Zoll
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rameshwari Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Yingqian Kang
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yingqian Kang,
| | - G. Sybren de Hoog
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- G. Sybren de Hoog,
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5
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Moskaluk AE, VandeWoude S. Current Topics in Dermatophyte Classification and Clinical Diagnosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090957. [PMID: 36145389 PMCID: PMC9502385 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability to digest keratin and encompasses a wide range of species. Classification of many of these species has recently changed due to genetic analysis, potentially affecting clinical diagnosis and disease management. In this review, we discuss dermatophyte classification including name changes for medically important species, current and potential diagnostic techniques for detecting dermatophytes, and an in-depth review of Microsporum canis, a prevalent zoonotic dermatophyte. Fungal culture is still considered the “gold standard” for diagnosing dermatophytosis; however, modern molecular assays have overcome the main disadvantages of culture, allowing for tandem use with cultures. Further investigation into novel molecular assays for dermatophytosis is critical, especially for high-density populations where rapid diagnosis is essential for outbreak prevention. A frequently encountered dermatophyte in clinical settings is M. canis, which causes dermatophytosis in humans and cats. M. canis is adapting to its primary host (cats) as one of its mating types (MAT1-2) appears to be going extinct, leading to a loss of sexual reproduction. Investigating M. canis strains around the world can help elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of this fungi.
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6
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Moskaluk A, Darlington L, Kuhn S, Behzadi E, Gagne RB, Kozakiewicz CP, VandeWoude S. Genetic Characterization of Microsporum canis Clinical Isolates in the United States. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:676. [PMID: 35887433 PMCID: PMC9321804 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporum canis is the primary agent causing dermatophytosis in cats, and also infects humans, dogs, and other species. Assessment of genetic variation among M. canis isolates in the United States has not been conducted. Further, M. canis mating type and assessment of disease severity associated with genotypic characteristics have not been rigorously evaluated. We therefore isolated M. canis from 191 domestic cats across the US and characterized genotypes by evaluation of ITS sequence, MAT locus, and microsatellite loci analysis. The genes SSU1 and SUB3, which are associated with keratin adhesion and digestion, were sequenced from a subset of isolates to evaluate potential genetic associations with virulence. Analysis of microsatellite makers revealed three M. canis genetic clusters. Both clinic location and disease severity were significant predictors of microsatellite variants. 100% of the M. canis isolates were MAT1-1 mating gene type, indicating that MAT1-2 is very rare or extinct in the US and that asexual reproduction is the dominant form of replication. No genetic variation at SSU1 and SUB3 was observed. These findings pave the way for novel testing modalities for M. canis and provide insights about transmission and ecology of this ubiquitous and relatively uncharacterized agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moskaluk
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Lauren Darlington
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Sally Kuhn
- Behavior Analysis, Simmons University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Elisa Behzadi
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Roderick B. Gagne
- Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Christopher P. Kozakiewicz
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
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7
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Moskaluk A, VandeWoude S. Two novel species of Arthroderma isolated from domestic cats with dermatophytosis in the United States. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6499298. [PMID: 34999826 PMCID: PMC8808258 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissues that can occur in humans and other animals. In domestic cats, the majority of cases are caused by Microsporum canis and can spread to other animals and humans via arthrospores. Between 2019 and 2021, 164 cases of suspected dermatophytosis were recorded in animals from a high-volume shelter in California. Samples (hair, nail, and skin scraping) were collected for routine screening from these individuals. One hundred and twenty-six of these were diagnosed as M. canis by culture and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. In four suspected dermatophytosis cases occurring in kittens in 2019, cultures grown at 20°C yielded fungi with colony morphology more similar to Arthroderma species than Microsporum. Morphologic and microscopic examinations were conducted, and gene segments for the ITS, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) regions were sequenced from DNA extracted from these cultures. Sequences were aligned to other dermatophytes using maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining trees and were compared to previously described fungal species to assess nucleotide homology. We identified two previously undescribed fungal species, herein proposed as Arthroderma lilyanum sp. nov. and Arthroderma mcgillisianum sp. nov. M. canis co-cultured in two of the four cases. Other physiologic tests supported this diagnosis. These species have significance as potential pathogens and should be considered as rule-outs for dermatophytosis in cats. The potential for infection of other species, including humans, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moskaluk
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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8
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Re-discovery of Trichophyton bullosum in North Africa as a cause of severe dermatophytosis in donkeys. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:265-275. [PMID: 34761341 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the first verified cases of infection by Trichophyton bullosum in Africa since the description of the fungus, isolated in 1933 from the coat of horses in Tunisia and Mali. We found the fungus in cutaneous samples obtained from donkeys suffering from severe dermatitis with areas of alopecia and scaling in the surroundings of Cairo (Egypt). Fungal elements (arthroconidia and hyphae) were seen at the microscopy of material collected by skin scraping and digested in NaOH. Fungal colonies grown on various culture media were identified through PCR and sequencing of the ITS rDNA region. Since the original report in Africa and the Middle East, only a few cases have been reported thus far in humans in France and two cases in horses in the Czech Republic and Japan. Trichophyton bullosum seems thus an infrequent cause of dermatophytosis. However, the actual prevalence of this pathogen may be underestimated due to the similarity with T. verrucosum, a predominant cause of infection in cattle, occasionally found on horses and donkeys. Indeed, the two fungi can be distinguished only via molecular methods, which are poorly employed in epidemiological studies on equine and bovine dermatophytosis. The present study results add to our knowledge on the ecology of this poorly explored dermatophyte, supporting the concept that equines are the primary hosts of T. bullosum and confirming the presence of this pathogen in Africa. At the same time, these are the first unequivocally documented infections in donkeys due to T. bullosum.
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9
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Liu J, Ge L, Mei H, Zheng H, Peng J, Liang G, Liu W. Comparative Genomics and Molecular Analysis of Epidermophyton floccosum. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:487-497. [PMID: 34164772 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Epidermophyton floccosum is one of the most common agents of human superficial fungal infections, compared with genus Trichophyton and Microsporum, it possesses uniqueness in ecology traits and rarely causing hair infections. E. floccosum is so far the only representative species of genera Epidermophyton, and it is known as anthropophilic dermatophytes. To further reveal the genome sequences and clues of virulence factors, thus in this study, we sequenced the genome of E. floccosum (CGMCC (F) E1d), and performed comparative genomic analysis with other dermatophytes. It is revealed that E. floccosum owns the largest genome size and similar GC content compared with other dermatophytes. A total of 7565 genes are predicted. By comparing with the closest species N. gypseum, our study reveals that number and structure of adhesion factors, secreted proteases and LysM domain might contribute to the pathogenic and ecological traits of E. floccosum. Mating genes is also detected in genome data. Furthermore, we performed AFLP analysis trying to discuss intraspecific differences of E. floccosum, but no significant relationship is found between genotype and geographical distribution. Upon above, our study provides a deeper understanding and strong foundation for future researches about E. floccosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyu Ge
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Third Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Mei
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Peng
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanzhao Liang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China. .,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Watanabe R, Furuta H, Ueno Y, Nukada T, Niwa H, Shinyashiki N, Kano R. First isolation of Trichophyton bullosum from a horse with dermatophytosis in Japan. Med Mycol Case Rep 2021; 32:81-83. [PMID: 34012768 PMCID: PMC8113804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton bullosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte that has been rarely isolated from horses and humans in Africa and Europe. This is the first reported isolation of T. bullosum from a horse with dermatophytosis in Japan. The isolate from a skin lesion formed a cream-colored and waxy colony that was slightly elevated in the center. Sequencing of the internal transcribe spacer region of the isolate revealed that it was 100% identical to that of T. bullosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hikaru Furuta
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshio Nukada
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Niwa
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinyashiki
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
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11
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LeBlanc N, Cubeta MA, Crouch JA. Population Genomics Trace Clonal Diversification and Intercontinental Migration of an Emerging Fungal Pathogen of Boxwood. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:184-193. [PMID: 33048629 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0219-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boxwood blight was first documented in Europe, prior to its recent colonization of North America, where it continues to have significant negative impacts on the ornamental industry. Due to near genetic uniformity in the two sister species of fungal plant pathogens that cause boxwood blight, understanding historical disease emergence and predicting future outbreaks is limited. The goal of this research was to apply population genomics to understand the role of pathogen diversification and migration in disease emergence. Specifically, we tested whether the primary pathogen species Calonectria pseudonaviculata has remained genetically isolated from its European-limited sister species C. henricotiae, while diversifying into clonal lineages that have migrated among continents. Whole-genome sequencing identified 1,608 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 67 C. pseudonaviculata isolates from four continents and 1,017 SNPs in 13 C. henricotiae isolates from Europe. Interspecific genetic differentiation and an absence of shared polymorphisms indicated lack of gene flow between the sister species. Tests for intraspecific genetic structure in C. pseudonaviculata identified four genetic clusters, three of which corresponded to monophyletic phylogenetic clades. Comparison of evolutionary divergence scenarios among the four genetic clusters using approximate Bayesian computation indicated that the two C. pseudonaviculata genetic clusters currently found in the United States were derived from different sources, one from the first genetic cluster found in Europe and the second from an unidentified population. Evidence for multiple introductions of this pathogen into the United States and intercontinental migration indicates that future introductions are likely to occur and should be considered in plant disease quarantine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas LeBlanc
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Raleigh, NC
| | - Marc A Cubeta
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
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12
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Čmoková A, Kolařík M, Dobiáš R, Hoyer LL, Janouškovcová H, Kano R, Kuklová I, Lysková P, Machová L, Maier T, Mallátová N, Man M, Mencl K, Nenoff P, Peano A, Prausová H, Stubbe D, Uhrlaß S, Větrovský T, Wiegand C, Hubka V. Resolving the taxonomy of emerging zoonotic pathogens in the Trichophyton benhamiae complex. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Zheng H, Blechert O, Mei H, Ge L, Liu J, Tao Y, Li D, de Hoog G, Liu W. Assembly and analysis of the whole genome of
Arthroderma uncinatum
strain T10, compared with
Microsporum canis
and
Trichophyton rubrum. Mycoses 2020; 63:683-693. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs Nanjing China
| | - Oliver Blechert
- Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Huan Mei
- Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Liyu Ge
- Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Ye Tao
- Shanghai Biozeron Biotechnology Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - G.Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs Nanjing China
- Center for Global Health School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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14
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Shamsizadeh F, Pchelin IM, Makimura K, Alshahni MM, Satoh K, Katiraee F, Ahmadi B, Rezaei-Matehhkolaei A. DNA topoisomerase 2 gene polymorphism in dermatophytes. Mycoses 2020; 63:694-703. [PMID: 32277529 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytes are a group of keratinophilic fungi of medical importance. Despite a relatively long history of molecular taxonomic studies, there is still a need for information on genetic polymorphism in wider variety of genomic loci. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to study partial DNA topoisomerase 2 gene (TOP2) polymorphism in dermatophytes. METHODS We performed DNA sequencing of TOP2 in 26 dermatophyte species along with ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. RESULTS The number of polymorphic sites in TOP2 data set was similar to that one in ITS data set. Nannizzia species formed paraphyletic group in TOP2 tree. Trichophyton simii was paraphyletic in concatenated TOP2-ITS tree, one of its two clades contained solely Iranian isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed several unresolved problems in the taxonomy of dermatophytes, including probable polyphyly of the genus Nannizzia and the species T simii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Shamsizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ivan M Pchelin
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Satoh
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Farzad Katiraee
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehhkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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15
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Metin B, Heitman J. She Loves Me, She Loves Me Not: On the Dualistic Asexual/Sexual Nature of Dermatophyte Fungi. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:87-101. [PMID: 31578669 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are ascomycetous fungi whose sexuality is greatly influenced by their ecology. Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous among soil-related geophiles and some animal-associated zoophiles. In contrast, anthropophiles are generally present as a single mating type in the population and appear to reproduce asexually. In this article, the current knowledge on the sexuality of dermatophytes including reproduction modes, mating conditions, mating type distributions and the mating type (MAT) locus is presented in the context of revised taxonomy and discussed from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Metin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali Cad, No: 2, Halkali, Kucukcekmece, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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16
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Zheng H, Blechert O, Mei H, Ge L, Liu J, Tao Y, Li D, de Hoog GS, Liu W. Whole-genome resequencing of Trichophyton rubrum provides insights into population differentiation and drug resistance. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:103-112. [PMID: 31538279 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is anthropophilic fungus and thus a very common cause of dermatophyte infections around the world. Infection of T. rubrum could result in conditions such as tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea inguinalis, tinea manus, tinea unguium, or tinea pedis. Because of this, the resistance of T. rubrum to antifungal therapies has drawn extensive research interest. However, the pathogenic characteristics of T. rubrum, such as site of infections, geographic location and host groups, have yet to be explored. In this study, the whole genome of 48 strains from different regions is resequenced and the population structure and association of single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to six widely used antifungal drugs are analyzed. A total of 23,394 genomic variations are detected, which cover 2165 genes with only 15.14% of the variations located in exons. The population structure of T. rubrum is monomorphic, and genetic diversity is very low. Population structure analysis shows that the 48 sampled strains can be divided into two sub-populations. The gene TERG_08771 harboring the highest SNPs density is found to be associated with resistance to voriconazole. Although many proteins have yet to be identified and explored, association studies could still be useful to identify drug resistance or drug-susceptible loci, which would warrant further insightful investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Oliver Blechert
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Mei
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Ge
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tao
- Shanghai Biozeron Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - G S de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Kupsch C, Czaika V, Deutsch C, Gräser Y. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
– ein neuer Genotyp des zoophilen Dermatophyten verursacht sexuell übertragbare Infektionen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:493-502. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13776_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kupsch
- Nationales Konsiliarlabor für DermatophytenInstitut für Mikrobiologie und InfektionsimmunologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | | | - Cornelia Deutsch
- Klinik für DermatologieVenerologie und AllergologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Yvonne Gräser
- Nationales Konsiliarlabor für DermatophytenInstitut für Mikrobiologie und InfektionsimmunologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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Kupsch C, Czaika VA, Deutsch C, Gräser Y. Trichophyton mentagrophytes - a new genotype of zoophilic dermatophyte causes sexually transmitted infections. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:493-501. [PMID: 30775844 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new genotype of the zoophilic fungal species Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes was recently described in two studies. It was isolated from three patients who had visited Southeast Asia and one patient who had visited Egypt. In contrast to these studies, we have observed a number of cases with the dimensions of an epidemic outbreak. PATIENTS AND METHODS At the University Hospital Charité Berlin, 43 patients, mostly suffering from highly inflammatory, painful and persistent infections of the pubogenital region were observed between January 2016 and July 2017. Mycological examination was performed with fungal culture and sequencing of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region of the ribosomal DNA. Three additional genomic regions were spot-checked. RESULTS In 37 of the cases, a new genotype of T. mentagrophytes (referred to here as T. mentagrophytes VII) was isolated as the etiological agent, and sequencing revealed identical sequences for all isolates. Most of the infected patients had no history of travel, and only two patients reported contact with animals. CONCLUSIONS The new genotype clustered phylogenetically among the strains of the zoophilic species T. mentagrophytes with four different DNA markers. While human-to-human transmission of zoophilic dermatophytes is rare, transmission via sexual contact seemed to be quite effective here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kupsch
- National Reference Laboratory for Dermatophytes, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Deutsch
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Gräser
- National Reference Laboratory for Dermatophytes, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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