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Gong Y, Liu R, Zha H, Dong D, Lu N, Yan H, Wan L, Nian Y. Analgesic Buxus alkaloids with Enhanced Selectivity for the Low-Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Ca v 3.2 over Ca v 3.1 through a New Binding Mode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313461. [PMID: 37997012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage-gated calcium channels (LVGCCs; Cav 3.1-3.3) represent promising drug targets for epilepsy, pain, and essential tremor. At present, modulators with heightened selectivity for a subtype of LVGCCs are still highly desired. In this study we explored three classes of Buxus alkaloids and identified 9(10/19)abeo-artanes Buxusemine H and Buxusemine L (BXSL) as an unprecedented type of Cav 3.2 inhibitors. Particularly, BXSL exhibited Cav 3.2 inhibition comparable to Z944, a non-subtype-selective LVGCCs inhibitor under clinical trial. While lacking specificity for Cav 3.3, BXSL showed a 30-fold selectivity of Cav 3.2 over Cav 3.1. As compared to several well-known inhibitors, the experimental and computational studies suggested BXSL exhibits a distinct binding mode to Cav 3.2, notably through the essential interaction with serine-1543 in domain III. Furthermore, BXSL showed minimal impact on various recombinant and native nociceptive ion channels, while significantly reducing the excitability of isolated mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. Animal studies in wild-type and Cav 3.2 knock-out mice revealed that BXSL (5 mg/kg), by inhibiting Cav 3.2, exhibits an analgesic effect equivalent to Z944 (10 mg/kg) or mibefradil (10 mg/kg). Moreover, we proposed a structural rationale for the high selectivity of 9(10/19)abeo-artane-type alkaloids towards Cav 3.2 over Cav 3.1. This study introduces a novel analgesic agent and valuable molecular insight for structure-based innovative Cav 3.2 drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Zha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ding Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Nihong Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650041, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Luosheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China
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Abdollah S, Reza ZH, Abbas AS, Jafar A. Investigating DNA barcodes of plants growing in some areas of Iran with high crime rate: Quercus brantii, Curpressus arizonica, Crataegus pentagyna, Ziziphus Spina-chtista, and Buxus hyrcana. Sci Justice 2023; 63:624-634. [PMID: 37718009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
According to criminal botany, the offender unknowingly carries plant samples from the crime scene. Therefore, studying the genetic data of plants native to the crime scene can solve many ambiguities in the criminal files. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the genome of 5 endemic plants in some areas of Iran with high crime rate. Quercus brantii, Curpressus arizonica, Crataegus pentagyna, Ziziphus Spina-chtista, and Buxus hyrcana were assessed using 1 genetic fragment on plastid regions (trnH-psbA) as well as 1 gene on nuclear chromosome called ITS. The alignment of DNA sequences of trnH-psbA and ITS genes was done using BioEdit, Clustal X, and Muscle v4.0 software programs. The phylogenetic analysis was performed on aligned data using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and the Bayesian methods. The Splits Tree v.4.14.4 software program was used for phylogenetic network analysis. Finally, the data combinability test was conducted using the Incongruence Length Difference (ILD) test by PAUP* software program. All data from nrDNA ITS and trnH-psbA sequences were consistent with Information Compatibility Test (ICT) results. Moreover, the nrDNA ITS indicated more resolved relationship than trnH-psbA. The results from MP and Bayesian analyses did not differ significantly between singular and combined forms, except for a slight variance in confidence interval of branches. As the phylogenetic trees provide more thorough and deeper conception of species relations, it is hoped that they would be useful to illuminate some forensic gaps in regions with high crime rates enriched by these plants, not only in Iran, but also in all areas over the world with this vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajadian Abdollah
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zamanizadeh Hamid Reza
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran.
| | - Akhavan Sepahi Abbas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran Iran
| | - Amani Jafar
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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González Gutiérrez PA, Fuentes-Bazan S, Di Vincenzo V, Berazaín-Iturralde R, Borsch T. The diversification of Caribbean Buxus in time and space: elevated speciation rates in lineages that accumulate nickel and spreading to other islands from Cuba in non-obligate ultramafic species. Ann Bot 2023; 131:1133-1147. [PMID: 37208295 PMCID: PMC10457035 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The genus Buxus has high levels of endemism in the Caribbean flora, with ~50 taxa. In Cuba, 82 % grow on ultramafic substrates and 59 % are nickel (Ni) accumulators or Ni hyperaccumulators. Hence it is an ideal model group to study if this diversification could be related to adaptation to ultramafic substrates and to Ni hyperaccumulation. METHODS We generated a well-resolved molecular phylogeny, including nearly all of the Neotropical and Caribbean Buxus taxa. To obtain robust divergence times we tested for the effects of different calibration scenarios, and we reconstructed ancestral areas and ancestral character states. Phylogenetic trees were examined for trait-independent shifts in diversification rates and we used multi-state models to test for state-dependent speciation and extinction rates. Storms could have contributed to Cuba acting as a species pump and to Buxus reaching other Caribbean islands and northern South America'. KEY RESULTS We found a Caribbean Buxus clade with Mexican ancestors, encompassing three major subclades, which started to radiate during the middle Miocene (13.25 Mya). Other Caribbean islands and northern South America were reached from ~3 Mya onwards. CONCLUSIONS An evolutionary scenario is evident in which Buxus plants able to grow on ultramafic substrates by exaptation became ultramafic substrate endemics and evolved stepwise from Ni tolerance through Ni accumulation to Ni hyperaccumulation, which has triggered species diversification of Buxus in Cuba. Storms could have contributed to Cuba acting as a species pump and to Buxus reaching other Caribbean islands and northern South America'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A González Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales de Holguín, Calle 18 s/n, entre 1ª y Maceo, Holguín 80100, Cuba
| | - Susy Fuentes-Bazan
- Institut für Biologie der Freien Universität Berlin. Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Di Vincenzo
- Institut für Biologie der Freien Universität Berlin. Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Borsch
- Institut für Biologie der Freien Universität Berlin. Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Brand T, Beltz H, Ehsen B, Adhikari U, Daughtrey M, Luster DG, Kong P, Hong C. Multi-Year Field Plantings Evaluating Boxwood Cultivars for Susceptibility to the Blight Pathogens ( Calonectria spp.) in Northern Germany. Plant Dis 2023; 107:713-719. [PMID: 35869584 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1102-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two multiyear field trials were conducted to evaluate boxwood cultivars for their susceptibility to the blight pathogens Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae in northern Germany. Fifteen cultivars were included in the first trial from 2007 to 2012, and 46 cultivars were included in the second trial from 2014 to 2017. Both trials were done in a naturally infested field that was supplemented with infected plant tissue added to the soil before planting. Each cultivar had three replicate hedge sections with 10 plants per section, and they were assessed annually for blight severity expressed as proportion of leaves blighted and fallen. Blight severity varied significantly among years (P < 0.0001) and cultivars (P < 0.05) within each trial. In the first trial, mean severity ranged from 0.03 to 0.11 for the most resistant cultivars and 0.35 to 0.96 for the most susceptible ones. Similarly, in the second trial, mean severity ranged from 0.06 to 0.27 and 0.71 to 0.97 for the most resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. 'Suffruticosa' was consistently the most susceptible cultivar, followed by 'Marianne', 'Myosotidifolia', 'Raket', and 'Morris Midget'. 'Herrenhausen' was the most resistant cultivar, followed by B. microphylla var. japonica, B. microphylla var. koreana, 'Green Mound', 'Faulkner', and 'Winter Beauty'. This study provides field data showing the performance of boxwood cultivars under different levels of disease pressure in an area where C. henricotiae was dominant. This knowledge will help boxwood growers and gardeners to choose less susceptible cultivars and help plant breeders to select for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brand
- Chamber of Agriculture, Plant Protection Office, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Beltz
- Chamber of Agriculture, Research and Teaching Institute for Horticulture, 26160 Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Björn Ehsen
- Chamber of Agriculture, Research and Teaching Institute for Horticulture, 26160 Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Urmila Adhikari
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, U.S.A
| | - Margery Daughtrey
- Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901, U.S.A
| | - Douglas G Luster
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Ping Kong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, U.S.A
| | - Chuanxue Hong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, U.S.A
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Kodati S, Allan-Perkins E, Cowles R, LaMondia J. Effect of Temperature, Leaf Wetness Period, and Cultivar Susceptibility on Boxwood Blight Disease Development and Sporulation. Plant Dis 2023; 107:142-148. [PMID: 35668058 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1022-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boxwood blight causes great losses to the boxwood nursery industry and landscapes in 30 states in the United States. Understanding the epidemiological factors governing disease development will be important for disease forecasting and design of best management practices. We evaluated the effect of leaf wetness period (lwp) and temperature on lesion development and sporulation on three boxwood cultivars under controlled conditions to develop predictive models for disease development. We conducted detached leaf assays at 18 to 27°C and various lwp with the cultivars Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa' (highly susceptible), B. sempervirens × B. microphylla var. koreana 'Green Velvet' (moderately susceptible), and B. microphylla var. japonica 'Winter Gem' (less susceptible). Detached leaves were inoculated with 200 conidia in 50 µl of suspension and disease incidence was recorded at 3 to 13 days postinoculation (dpi). Cultivar, lwp, temperature, and most interactions significantly influenced disease development. A minimum of 5 h of leaf wetness was required for any disease. Lesion development increased most rapidly between 12 and 15 h and continued to increase to about 21 h of leaf wetness. Temperatures between 21 and 25°C were optimal for lesion development. There was about a 7-day lag between appearance of lesions and maximal incidence of sporulation. The two less-susceptible cultivars had fewer lesions than Suffruticosa under the same infection conditions; in addition, leaf lesions of Winter Gem exhibited delayed sporulation and sporulation from a smaller proportion of symptomatic leaves. Response surfaces were developed for each cultivar to predict the disease incidence using the lwp and dpi. Our findings will help refine disease forecast models to improve management of boxwood blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Kodati
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095
| | - Elisha Allan-Perkins
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095
| | - Richard Cowles
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095
| | - James LaMondia
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095
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Gorobtsova ON, Chadaeva VA, Pshegusov RK, Gedgafova FV, Uligova TS, Tembotov RK. The current state of forest ecosystems in the Khosta Yew-Boxwood Grove. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 195:183. [PMID: 36481928 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess the current state of forest ecosystems on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus after the mass mortality of boxwoods. Soil and geobotanical studies were carried out in the Khosta Yew-Boxwood Grove, a convenient proving ground for assessment of the consequences of Cydalima perspectalis expansion. Hierarchical cluster analysis (nearest-neighbour and Euclidean distance methods), One-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis (Euclidean distance matrices for standardised data) were applied to process the soil and vegetation data. An increase in the illumination of the lower forest tiers due to the Buxus colchica destruction resulted in an intensive growth of vegetation cover and the formation of a soddy horizon in soils. These processes contributed to the accumulation of organic matter and high biological activity of the soils. The number of Buxus colchica seedlings was negatively correlated with the vegetation coverage and the number of grass and shrub species, as well as with some biological parameters of the soils. The most intensive seed regeneration of Buxus colchica was observed in forest plots with high crown density in the upper tier, undeveloped vegetation cover, and soddy soil horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Gorobtsova
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, I. Armand 37a, Nalchik, Russian Federation
| | - V A Chadaeva
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, I. Armand 37a, Nalchik, Russian Federation
| | - R Kh Pshegusov
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, I. Armand 37a, Nalchik, Russian Federation
| | - F V Gedgafova
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, I. Armand 37a, Nalchik, Russian Federation
| | - T S Uligova
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, I. Armand 37a, Nalchik, Russian Federation
| | - R Kh Tembotov
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, I. Armand 37a, Nalchik, Russian Federation.
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Weiland JE, Ohkura M, Scagel CF, Davis EA, Beck BR. Cool Temperatures Favor Growth of Oregon Isolates of Calonectria pseudonaviculata and Increase Severity of Boxwood Blight on Two Buxus Cultivars. Plant Dis 2022; 106:3100-3108. [PMID: 35581912 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0769-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled environment experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature on Calonectria pseudonaviculata mycelial growth and the effects of temperature and infection period on boxwood blight severity. In experiment 1, 15 Oregon isolates (representing five genotypes) were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) at six temperatures from 5 to 30°C. Growth (culture diameter) was measured after 2 weeks. Optimal growth occurred at 25°C on PDA and 20°C on MEA. Isolates of genotype G1 also grew faster than genotype G2, but only on MEA at 25°C. In experiment 2, Buxus cultivars Green Velvet (GV, more susceptible) and Winter Gem (WG, more resistant) were inoculated and incubated in moist chambers for 9 or 24 h at 22°C (infection period), then moved into growth chambers at 15 or 25°C. After 4 weeks, chamber temperatures were switched, and plants were incubated for 4 more weeks. Disease severity was evaluated weekly. During the first 4 weeks, disease was generally more severe on GV than WG, on plants with a 24-h versus a 9-h infection period, and on plants incubated at 15°C versus 25°C. However, disease was just as severe on WG as GV when the 24-h infection period was followed by incubation at 15°C. After the temperatures were switched, disease increased only on WG that were cooled from 25 to 15°C. Results show that Oregon isolates of C. pseudonaviculata are capable of growing faster and causing more severe disease at temperatures cooler than those reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry E Weiland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - Mana Ohkura
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Carolyn F Scagel
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - E Anne Davis
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - Bryan R Beck
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
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Ren Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Ge S, Ye H, Shi Y, Xia C, Sheng Y, Zhang Z. Innovative Conversion of Pretreated Buxus sinica into High-Performance Biocomposites for Potential Use as Furniture Material. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:47176-47187. [PMID: 36214472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional wood-based panels are usually made from large-diameter trees and rely on adhesives for compactness, which negatively impacts the environment and human health. However, the widely distributed small-diameter shrubs are good raw materials for wood-based panels with abundant fibers, but are often under-exploited. This research reports the preparation of self-bonding biocomposites from Buxus sinica by an innovative combined approach of extraction, alkali treatment, and hot molding. The resulted biocomposites show better mechanical properties in which the flexural modulus (7.79 GPa) and the tensile modulus (4.33 GPa) were 5 times and 1.7 times higher than the conventional fiberboard, respectively, and also demonstrated better hydrophobicity than fiberboard, which could be due to the layer of lignin that formed on its surface preventing the infiltration of water. To sum up, the biocomposites prepared from small-diameter shrubs meet the requirement of the furniture and architectural decoration materials, suggesting that the proposed approach can be used to produce high-performance biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- College of Furniture and Art Design, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Green Furniture Engineering Technology Research Center in Hunan, National Forestry & Grassland Administration, Green Home Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan410004, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Furniture and Art Design, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Green Furniture Engineering Technology Research Center in Hunan, National Forestry & Grassland Administration, Green Home Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan410004, China
| | - Jijuan Zhang
- College of Furniture and Art Design, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Green Furniture Engineering Technology Research Center in Hunan, National Forestry & Grassland Administration, Green Home Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan410004, China
| | - Shengbo Ge
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210037, China
| | - Haoran Ye
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210037, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210037, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210037, China
| | - Yequan Sheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210037, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- College of Furniture and Art Design, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Green Furniture Engineering Technology Research Center in Hunan, National Forestry & Grassland Administration, Green Home Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan410004, China
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Kaur H, Singh R, Doyle V, Valverde R. A Diagnostic TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay for In Planta Detection and Quantification of Colletotrichum theobromicola, Causal Agent of Boxwood Dieback. Plant Dis 2021; 105:2395-2401. [PMID: 33630686 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2439-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boxwood dieback, caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola, is spreading at an alarming rate in the boxwood industry in the United States. Although C. theobromicola has been accepted as a distinct species within the C. gloeosporioides species complex, it is difficult to distinguish it from other closely related species based on morphology. Moreover, molecular identification of C. theobromicola requires amplification and sequencing of multiple loci, which can be expensive and time consuming. Therefore, a diagnostic TaqMan real-time PCR assay was developed for early and accurate detection and quantification of C. theobromicola in boxwood. The study involved the design of species-specific primers and a TaqMan probe to differentiate C. theobromicola from other closely related Colletotrichum species. The primers and probe discriminate between C. theobromicola and other species in the C. gloeosporioides species complex and can detect C. theobromicola at very low concentrations, illustrating the high specificity and sensitivity of the assay. This TaqMan real-time PCR assay accurately and rapidly distinguishes boxwood dieback from other diseases with similar symptomatology, including Macrophoma blight, Phytophthora root rot, and Volutella blight, as well as some disorders produced by abiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Raghuwinder Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Vinson Doyle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Rodrigo Valverde
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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10
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Guo Y, Pooler M. Real-Time and Conventional PCR Tools for Detection and Discrimination of Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae Causing Boxwood Blight. Plant Dis 2021; 105:164-168. [PMID: 33197379 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-19-2053-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae are the causal agents of boxwood blight, a devastating disease of boxwood that has caused significant economic impact on the nursery and landscape industries in the U.S. and in Europe. The two species are genetically distinct and are found in different geographic areas but are difficult to distinguish based on morphology and pathogenicity. Fast, accurate, and inexpensive methods to detect and differentiate these species is critical in stopping the spread of the disease. We designed primer pairs based on available sequences of four conserved regions-calmodulin, histone H3, internal transcribed spacer, and β-tubulin-and tested their ability to differentiate the two Calonectria species. Here we report three primer pairs derived from sequence differences in the histone H3 region that can be used to specifically detect C. pseudonaviculata, C. henricotiae, or both species. Specificity of these primers was tested against nine isolates of C. pseudonaviculata, three isolates of C. henricotiae, 13 other Calonectria species, and five isolates from related genera using conventional and real-time PCR. These are the first primers available that can be used with either a multiplexed conventional PCR or SYBR-based real-time PCR to specifically detect and differentiate the two fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Guo
- U.S. National Arboretum - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Margaret Pooler
- U.S. National Arboretum - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
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LeBlanc N, Cubeta MA, Crouch JA. Population Genomics Trace Clonal Diversification and Intercontinental Migration of an Emerging Fungal Pathogen of Boxwood. Phytopathology 2021; 111:184-193. [PMID: 33048629 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0219-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boxwood blight was first documented in Europe, prior to its recent colonization of North America, where it continues to have significant negative impacts on the ornamental industry. Due to near genetic uniformity in the two sister species of fungal plant pathogens that cause boxwood blight, understanding historical disease emergence and predicting future outbreaks is limited. The goal of this research was to apply population genomics to understand the role of pathogen diversification and migration in disease emergence. Specifically, we tested whether the primary pathogen species Calonectria pseudonaviculata has remained genetically isolated from its European-limited sister species C. henricotiae, while diversifying into clonal lineages that have migrated among continents. Whole-genome sequencing identified 1,608 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 67 C. pseudonaviculata isolates from four continents and 1,017 SNPs in 13 C. henricotiae isolates from Europe. Interspecific genetic differentiation and an absence of shared polymorphisms indicated lack of gene flow between the sister species. Tests for intraspecific genetic structure in C. pseudonaviculata identified four genetic clusters, three of which corresponded to monophyletic phylogenetic clades. Comparison of evolutionary divergence scenarios among the four genetic clusters using approximate Bayesian computation indicated that the two C. pseudonaviculata genetic clusters currently found in the United States were derived from different sources, one from the first genetic cluster found in Europe and the second from an unidentified population. Evidence for multiple introductions of this pathogen into the United States and intercontinental migration indicates that future introductions are likely to occur and should be considered in plant disease quarantine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas LeBlanc
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Raleigh, NC
| | - Marc A Cubeta
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
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Castroagudín VL, Weiland JE, Baysal-Gurel F, Cubeta MA, Daughtrey ML, Gauthier NW, LaMondia J, Luster DG, Hand FP, Shishkoff N, Williams-Woodward J, Yang X, LeBlanc N, Crouch JA. One Clonal Lineage of Calonectria pseudonaviculata Is Primarily Responsible for the Boxwood Blight Epidemic in the United States. Phytopathology 2020; 110:1845-1853. [PMID: 32584205 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-20-0130-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boxwood blight caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae is destroying cultivated and native boxwood worldwide, with profound negative economic impacts on the horticulture industry. First documented in the United States in 2011, the disease has now occurred in 30 states. Previous research showed that global C. pseudonaviculata populations prior to 2014 had a clonal structure, and only the MAT1-2 idiomorph was observed. In this study, we examined C. pseudonaviculata genetic diversity and population structure in the United States after 2014, following the expansion of the disease across the country over the past 5 years. Two hundred eighteen isolates from 21 states were genotyped by sequencing 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and by MAT1 idiomorph typing. All isolates presented C. pseudonaviculata-specific alleles, indicating that C. henricotiae is still absent in the U.S. states sampled. The presence of only the MAT1-2 idiomorph and gametic linkage disequilibrium suggests the prevalence of asexual reproduction. The contemporary C. pseudonaviculata population is characterized by a clonal structure and composed of 13 multilocus genotypes (SSR-MLGs) unevenly distributed across the United States. These SSR-MLGs grouped into two clonal lineages (CLs). The predominant lineage CL2 (93% of isolates) is the primary contributor to U.S. disease expansion. The contemporary U.S. C. pseudonaviculata population is not geographically subdivided and not genetically differentiated from the U.S. population prior to 2014, but is significantly differentiated from the main European population, which is largely composed of CL1. Our findings provide insights into the boxwood blight epidemic that are critical for disease management and breeding of resistant boxwood cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina L Castroagudín
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - Jerry E Weiland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97339
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Marc A Cubeta
- Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Margery L Daughtrey
- School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - James LaMondia
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095
| | - Douglas G Luster
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - Nina Shishkoff
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - Xiao Yang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Nicholas LeBlanc
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
- Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Richardson PA, Daughtrey M, Hong C. Indications of Susceptibility to Calonectria pseudonaviculata in Some Common Groundcovers and Boxwood Companion Plants. Plant Dis 2020; 104:1127-1132. [PMID: 32040391 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-19-1582-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the host range of a pathogen is critical to developing and implementing effective disease management programs. Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) is known to attack a number of species, varieties, and cultivars in the genus Buxus as well as three Pachysandra species (Pachysandra terminalis, Pachysandra procumbens, and Pachysandra axillaris) and several Sarcococca species, all in the Buxaceae family. The objective of this study was to evaluate non-Buxaceae groundcovers and companion plants commonly associated with boxwood plantings for their susceptibility to Cps. Twenty-seven plant species belonging to 21 families were exposed to different levels of inoculum: 50 to 300 conidia per drop for detached leaf assays and 30,000 to 120,000 conidia per 1 ml for whole-plant assays. Inoculated plants were incubated in humid environments for at least 48 h to facilitate infection. Cps infection and sporulation were observed on 12 plant species: Alchemilla mollis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Brunnera macrophylla, Epimedium × youngianum, Galium odoratum, Geranium sanguineum, Phlox subulata, Tiarella cordifolia, Callirhoe involucrata, Iberis sempervirens, Mazus reptans, and Vinca minor. These results suggest that there may be more hosts of Cps commonly grown in nurseries and landscapes. If corroborated by observations of natural infection, these findings have implications for the Boxwood Blight Cleanliness Program instituted by the National Plant Board and for planning disease mitigation at production and in the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Richardson
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455
| | - Margery Daughtrey
- Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901
| | - Chuanxue Hong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455
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Abstract
Boxwood blight, caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata and Calonectria henricotiae, has had devastating effects in gardens since its first appearance in the United Kingdom in 1994. The disease affects two other plants in the Buxaceae: sweet box (Sarcococca spp.) and pachysandra (Pachysandra spp.). C. pseudonaviculata was likely introduced to Europe by nursery trade from East Asia on an ornamental species and then to western Asia and North America. Thus far, C. henricotiae has been seen only in Europe. Boxwood, valued at $126 million wholesale per year in the United States alone, is now besieged by an aggressive foliar blight active over a broad temperature range when there are long periods of leaf wetness. Research on inoculum, means of dissemination, cultivar susceptibility, environmental influences, fungicides, sanitizers, and detection methods has vastly improved knowledge of this new invasive disease in a short time. Boxwood with genetic resistance to the disease is critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margery L Daughtrey
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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Azizi V, Allahyari F, Hosseini A. The antiepileptic and neuroprotective effect of the Buxus hyrcana Pojark hydroethanolic extract against the pentylentetrazol induced model of the seizures in the male rats. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:913-919. [PMID: 29466898 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1443925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The genus Buxus grows up widespread in Europe and Western Asia. It is an important traditional plant that has been used in the treatment of many illnesses. In the present study, the effect of hydroethanolic extract of Buxus hyrcana Pojark (BHP) on the animal model of seizure was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly selected and were divided into experimental and control groups (six rats per group). The experimental groups were treated by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) single injection of 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 mg kg-1 of hydroalcoholic extracts of BHP. The control negative group received normal saline (0.9%) and the control positive group received phenobarbital (30 mg kg-1, i.p.) pre-treatment. Thirty minutes after the treatments, the seizure behaviors were evaluated by the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (70 mg kg-1, i.p.) challenge. In addition, after the experiment, the rats were put to death and their brains were removed for the histological study. RESULTS The ANOVA demonstrated that compared to the control group, all the BHP doses delayed the initiation and duration of the tonic, colonic and tonic-colonic seizures and significantly reduced the tonic and colonic seizures (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the administration of all five doses of the extract significantly prevented the production of the dark neurons (p < 0.001) in different areas of the hippocampus compared to PTZ group. CONCLUSION We can conclude that the BHP extract has beneficial effects for the prevention of the PTZ induced seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Azizi
- a Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farzin Allahyari
- a Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- a Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
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Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF, Bahramian F, Bekhradnia AR. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of H. officinalis L. var. angustifolius, V. odorata, B. hyrcana and C. speciosum. Pak J Pharm Sci 2010; 23:29-34. [PMID: 20067863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of 4 medicinal and aromatic plants were investigated for their antioxidant potency employing six various established in vitro system: H. officinalis L. var. angustifolius aerial parts, C. speciosum flowers, V. odorata and B. hyrcana leaves.With regard to IC50 values (microg/ml), the order in DPPH radical-scavenging were CS (585.6) > HO (311) > VO (245.1) > and BH (113.1). Effectiveness in reducing powers were high and in a descending order of HO > CS > BH > VO (at the concentrations of 25-800 microg/ml). IC50 for Fe2+ chelating ability were 188, 750 and 980 microg/ml for VO, CS and HO, respectively. BH extract has shown only 38% inhibition at 800 microg/ml. The extracts showed weak nitric oxide-scavenging activity. All extracts exhibited very low and moderate concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in FTC methods. IC50 for scavenging of H2O2 were 169 for BH, 175 for CS, 640 for VO and 663 microg/ml for HO. The content of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were measured in plant extracts. The data obtained in the in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of all extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48189, Sari, Iran.
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Ernst E. [How "ethics arguments" hinder research. With Buxus sempervirens against AIDS?]. Fortschr Med 1998; 116:6-7. [PMID: 9648388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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SPV-30 shows encouraging results. AIDS Patient Care STDS 1996; 10:186-7. [PMID: 11361631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
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VINCENT D, PARANT M. [Effect of boxwood alkaloids on cholinesterase]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1954; 148:1878-80. [PMID: 14365060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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WELLER LE, REDEMANN CT, GOTTSHALL RY, ROBERTS JM, LUCAS EH, SELL HM. Antibacterial substances in seed plants active against tubercle bacilli. II. The antibacterial principles of Primula malacoides and Buxus sempervirens. Antibiot Chemother (Northfield) 1953; 3:603-606. [PMID: 24542685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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PYENSON L. Eradication of boxwood leafminer and the boxwood psyllid. J Econ Entomol 1946; 39:264. [PMID: 20983178 DOI: 10.1093/jee/39.2.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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