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Indrayadi H, Glen M, Alhusaeri Siregar B, Ratkowsky D, Rimbawanto A, Tjahjono B, Mohammed C. Cross-Inoculation of Commercial Forestry, Amenity, and Horticulture Tree Species with Ceratocystis Isolates Collected from Different Host Species. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1491-1500. [PMID: 38780477 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0271-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ceratocystis manginecans has caused significant losses in forestry productivity in Indonesia and neighboring nations. It also infects horticultural trees, but the host range of individual isolates of C. manginecans is poorly studied. So, this study aimed to better understand the potential host range and evaluate aggressiveness against forestry and fruit tree species of C. manginecans isolated from various tree species in Indonesia. Five C. manginecans isolates, four from different tree species and one from the shot-hole borer Euwallacea perbrevis, were used to inoculate seven fruit and six forest tree species, including E. pellita and Acacia mangium. Many of the inoculated trees produced typical canker disease symptoms, such as rough, swollen, and cracked lesions on the bark, but some trees did not have any external symptoms. Mortality in the most susceptible clone of A. mangium was 40% within 8 weeks. Forest tree species were more susceptible than fruit trees, with the length of xylem discoloration ranging from 0.4 to 101 cm. In fruit trees, the average extent of xylem discoloration was lower, ranging from 0.4 to 20.5 cm; however, mortalities were recorded in two fruit tree species, Citrus microcarpa and Durio zibethinus. Host-isolate interaction was evident; isolate Ep106C from Eucalyptus pellita caused the greatest xylem discoloration in Citrus sp., whereas Hy163C from Hymenaea courbaril was the most damaging in D. zibethinus, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Mangifera indica. Increasingly globalized food and fiber systems increase risk of disease spread, and the serious threat of C. manginecans incursions into countries where it is not present must be evaluated more thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru Indrayadi
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Corporate R&D PT Arara Abadi - Sinarmas Forestry, Siak Regency, Riau 28772, Indonesia
| | - Morag Glen
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | | | - David Ratkowsky
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Anto Rimbawanto
- Research Centre for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Budi Tjahjono
- Corporate R&D PT Arara Abadi - Sinarmas Forestry, Siak Regency, Riau 28772, Indonesia
| | - Caroline Mohammed
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Stahr MN, Parada-Rojas C, Childs KL, Alfenas RF, Fernandes FM, Avila K, Quesada-Ocampo LM. Long-Read Sequencing Genome Assembly of Ceratocystis fimbriata Enables Development of Molecular Diagnostics for Sweetpotato Black Rot. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1411-1420. [PMID: 38264989 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-23-0341-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Ceratocystis fimbriata is a destructive fungal pathogen of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) that leads to losses at all stages of sweetpotato production. Accurate detection of C. fimbriata would allow for more efficient deployment of management tactics in sweetpotato production. To develop a diagnostic assay, a hybrid genome assembly of C. fimbriata isolate AS236 was generated. The resulting 31.7-MB assembly was near-chromosome level, with 18 contigs, 6,481 predicted genes, and a BUSCO completion score of 98.4% when compared with the fungus-specific lineage database. Additional Illumina DNA reads from C. manginecans, C. platani, and a second C. fimbriata isolate (C1421) were then mapped to the assembled genome using BOWTIE2 and counted using HTSeq, which identified 148 genes present only within C. fimbriata as molecular diagnostic candidates; 6 single-copy and 35 highly multi-copy (>40 BLAST hits), as determined through a self-BLAST-P alignment. Primers for PCR were designed in the 200-bp flanking region of the first exon for each candidate, and the candidates were validated against a diverse DNA panel containing Ceratocystis species, sweetpotato pathogens, and plants. After validation, two diagnostic candidates amplified only C. fimbriata DNA and were considered to be highly specific to the species. These genetic markers will serve as valuable diagnostic tools with multiple applications including the detection of C. fimbriata in seed, soil, and wash water in sweetpotato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Stahr
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7825, U.S.A
| | - C Parada-Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7825, U.S.A
| | - K L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - R F Alfenas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - F M Fernandes
- Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - K Avila
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7825, U.S.A
| | - L M Quesada-Ocampo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7825, U.S.A
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3
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Parada-Rojas CH, Stahr M, Childs KL, Quesada-Ocampo LM. Effector Repertoire of the Sweetpotato Black Rot Fungal Pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:315-326. [PMID: 38353601 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0146-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In 2015, sweetpotato producers in the United States experienced one of the worst outbreaks of black rot recorded in history, with up to 60% losses reported in the field and packing houses and at shipping ports. Host resistance remains the ideal management tool to decrease crop losses. Lack of knowledge of Ceratocystis fimbriata biology represents a critical barrier for the deployment of resistance to black rot in sweetpotato. In this study, we scanned the recent near chromosomal-level assembly for putative secreted effectors in the sweetpotato C. fimbriata isolate AS236 using a custom fungal effector annotation pipeline. We identified a set of 188 putative effectors on the basis of secretion signal and in silico prediction in EffectorP. We conducted a deep RNA time-course sequencing experiment to determine whether C. fimbriata modulates effectors in planta and to define a candidate list of effectors expressed during infection. We examined the expression profile of two C. fimbriata isolates, a pre-epidemic (1990s) isolate and a post-epidemic (2015) isolate. Our in planta expression profiling revealed clusters of co-expressed secreted effector candidates. Based on fold-change differences of putative effectors in both isolates and over the course of infection, we suggested prioritization of 31 effectors for functional characterization. Among this set, we identified several effectors that provide evidence for a marked biotrophic phase in C. fimbriata during infection of sweetpotato storage roots. Our study revealed a catalog of effector proteins that provide insight into C. fimbriata infection mechanisms and represent a core catalog to implement effector-assisted breeding in sweetpotato. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo H Parada-Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A
| | - Madison Stahr
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Lina M Quesada-Ocampo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A
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4
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Ramos-Lizardo GN, Mucherino-Muñoz JJ, Aguiar ERGR, Pirovani CP, Corrêa RX. A repertoire of candidate effector proteins of the fungus Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16368. [PMID: 37773261 PMCID: PMC10542334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Ceratocystis includes many phytopathogenic fungi that affect different plant species. One of these is Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, which is pathogenic to the cocoa tree and causes Ceratocystis wilt, a lethal disease for the crop. However, little is known about how this pathogen interacts with its host. The knowledge and identification of possible genes encoding effector proteins are essential to understanding this pathosystem. The present work aimed to predict genes that code effector proteins of C. cacaofunesta from a comparative analysis of the genomes of five Ceratocystis species available in databases. We performed a new genome annotation through an in-silico analysis. We analyzed the secretome and effectorome of C. cacaofunesta using the characteristics of the peptides, such as the presence of signal peptide for secretion, absence of transmembrane domain, and richness of cysteine residues. We identified 160 candidate effector proteins in the C. cacaofunesta proteome that could be classified as cytoplasmic (102) or apoplastic (58). Of the total number of candidate effector proteins, 146 were expressed, presenting an average of 206.56 transcripts per million. Our database was created using a robust bioinformatics strategy, followed by manual curation, generating information on pathogenicity-related genes involved in plant interactions, including CAZymes, hydrolases, lyases, and oxidoreductases. Comparing proteins already characterized as effectors in Sordariomycetes species revealed five groups of protein sequences homologous to C. cacaofunesta. These data provide a valuable resource for studying the infection mechanisms of these pathogens in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Ramos-Lizardo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Jonathan J Mucherino-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Eric R G R Aguiar
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Ronan Xavier Corrêa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
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5
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Maguvu TE, Travadon R, Cantu D, Trouillas FP. Whole genome sequencing and analysis of multiple isolates of Ceratocystis destructans, the causal agent of Ceratocystis canker of almond in California. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14873. [PMID: 37684350 PMCID: PMC10491840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceratocystis canker caused by Ceratocystis destructans is a severe disease of almond, reducing the longevity and productivity of infected trees. Once the disease has established in an individual tree, there is no cure, and management efforts are often limited to removing the infected area of cankers. In this study, we present the genome assemblies of five C. destructans isolates isolated from symptomatic almond trees. The genomes were assembled into a genome size of 27.2 ± 0.9 Mbp with an average of 6924 ± 135 protein-coding genes and an average GC content of 48.8 ± 0.02%. We concentrated our efforts on identifying putative virulence factors of canker pathogens. Analysis of the secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes showed that the genomes harbored 83.4 ± 1.8 secreted CAZymes. The secreted CAZymes covered all the known categories of CAZymes. AntiSMASH revealed that the genomes had at least 7 biosynthetic gene clusters, with one of the non-ribosomal peptide synthases encoding dimethylcoprogen, a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes. From the predicted proteome, we also annotated cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and transporters, these are well-established virulence determinants of canker pathogens. Moreover, we managed to identify 57.4 ± 2.1 putative effector proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation was applied to compare gene content with two closely related species C. fimbriata, and C. albifundus. This study provides the first genome assemblies for C. destructans, expanding genomic resources for an important almond canker pathogen. The acquired knowledge provides a foundation for further advanced studies, such as molecular interactions with the host, which is critical for breeding for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda E Maguvu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA.
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6
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Wingfield BD, Berger DK, Coetzee MPA, Duong TA, Martin A, Pham NQ, van den Berg N, Wilken PM, Arun-Chinnappa KS, Barnes I, Buthelezi S, Dahanayaka BA, Durán A, Engelbrecht J, Feurtey A, Fourie A, Fourie G, Hartley J, Kabwe ENK, Maphosa M, Narh Mensah DL, Nsibo DL, Potgieter L, Poudel B, Stukenbrock EH, Thomas C, Vaghefi N, Welgemoed T, Wingfield MJ. IMA genome‑F17 : Draft genome sequences of an Armillaria species from Zimbabwe, Ceratocystis colombiana, Elsinoë necatrix, Rosellinia necatrix, two genomes of Sclerotinia minor, short‑read genome assemblies and annotations of four Pyrenophora teres isolates from barley grass, and a long-read genome assembly of Cercospora zeina. IMA Fungus 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 36411457 PMCID: PMC9677705 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dave K. Berger
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Martin P. A. Coetzee
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anke Martin
- grid.1048.d0000 0004 0473 0844Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
| | - Nam Q. Pham
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Noelani van den Berg
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P. Markus Wilken
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kiruba Shankari Arun-Chinnappa
- grid.1048.d0000 0004 0473 0844Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia ,PerkinElmer Pty Ltd., Level 2, Building 5, Brandon Business Park, 530‑540, Springvale Road, Glen Waverley, VIC 3150 Australia
| | - Irene Barnes
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sikelela Buthelezi
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Alvaro Durán
- Plant Health Program, Research and Development, Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau 28300 Indonesia
| | - Juanita Engelbrecht
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alice Feurtey
- grid.419520.b0000 0001 2222 4708Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arista Fourie
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gerda Fourie
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jesse Hartley
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eugene N. K. Kabwe
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mkhululi Maphosa
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Deborah L. Narh Mensah
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa ,grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672CSIR, Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - David L. Nsibo
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Lizel Potgieter
- grid.419520.b0000 0001 2222 4708Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Barsha Poudel
- grid.1048.d0000 0004 0473 0844Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
| | - Eva H. Stukenbrock
- grid.419520.b0000 0001 2222 4708Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Chanel Thomas
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- grid.1048.d0000 0004 0473 0844Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Tanya Welgemoed
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
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Rodrigues ASB, Silva DN, Várzea V, Paulo OS, Batista D. Worldwide Population Structure of the Coffee Rust Fungus Hemileia vastatrix Is Strongly Shaped by Local Adaptation and Breeding History. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1998-2011. [PMID: 35322716 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0376-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The devastating disease coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, has been a major constraint to worldwide coffee production. Recently, H. vastatrix populations were shown to be structured into three divergent genetic lineages with marked host specialization (C1, C2, and C3). However, there is yet no overall understanding of the population dynamics and adaptation of the most widespread and epidemiological relevant H. vastatrix group (C3). We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to generate 13,804 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a worldwide collection of 99 H. vastatrix isolates. Phylogenetic analyses uncovered a well-supported structuring within C3, with three main subgroups (SGs; SGI, SGII, and SGIII), which seem to reflect the historical distribution, breeding, and exchange of coffee cultivars. SGI shows a ladder-like diversification pattern and occurs across all four continents sampled, SGII is mainly restricted to Africa, and SGIII is observed only in Timor, revealing a higher genetic differentiation. Outlier and association tests globally identified 112 SNPs under putative positive selection, which impacted population structure. In particular, 29 overlapping SNPs per se seemed to have an extremely strong effect on H. vastatrix population divergence. We also found exclusive and fixed alleles associated with the SGs supporting local adaptation. Functional annotation revealed that transposable elements may play a role in host adaptation. Our study provides a higher-resolution perspective on the evolutionary history of H. vastatrix on cultivated coffee, showing its strong ability to adapt and the strength of the selective force imposed by coffee hosts, which should be taken into account when designing strategies for pathogen dissemination control and selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia B Rodrigues
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Nuno Silva
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC)/Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor Várzea
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC)/Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octávio S Paulo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG2), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC)/Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Montezano Fernandes F, Vieira de Queiroz M, Lopes da Silva L, Maria Queiroz Azevedo D, Luis Badel J, Couto Alfenas A. Chromosomal polymorphism of the Ceratocystis fimbriata species complex in Brazil. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 162:103728. [PMID: 35932991 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ceratocystis fimbriata is an important pathogen that causes wilt in several plant species. Despite the importance of this pathogen, knowledge about its karyotypic polymorphism and genomic architecture is limited. The main objective of this study was to investigate the karyotype of isolates of the C. fimbriata species complex from different host plants and geographical origins in Brazil. First, the identity of the isolates was confirmed conducting multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) phylogeny using β-tubulin (TUBB), translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α) and mating-type (MAT1 and MAT2) gene sequences. To investigate the chromosomal polymorphism, two conditions of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used and the karyotypes of the isolates obtained. The retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) molecular marker was utilized to assess the genetic variability among isolates. In the MLSA utilizing the concatenated gene sequences, Ceratocystis cacaofunesta and C. fimbriata formed separate clades, but considerable variation among C. fimbriata isolates was observed. Polymorphism in chromosome number and size was found, indicating the existence of genomic differences among isolates and occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements in the species complex. The number of chromosomes varied from seven to nine and the estimated minimum chromosome sizes were estimated to be between 2.7 to 6.0 Mbp. Small polymorphic chromosomes ranging from 1.2 to 1.8 Mbp were observed in all isolates, raising the hypothesis that they could be supernumerary chromosomes. REMAP analysis revealed a high genetic variability and that isolates from the same host tend to group together in a same cluster. Our results bring new insights into the chromosomal diversity and genome organization of the C. fimbriata complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Montezano Fernandes
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Lopes da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Daiana Maria Queiroz Azevedo
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luis Badel
- Laboratory of Molecular Phytobacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Acelino Couto Alfenas
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Boufleur TR, Massola Júnior NS, Tikami Í, Sukno SA, Thon MR, Baroncelli R. Identification and Comparison of Colletotrichum Secreted Effector Candidates Reveal Two Independent Lineages Pathogenic to Soybean. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111520. [PMID: 34832675 PMCID: PMC8625359 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum is one of the most important plant pathogenic genus of fungi due to its scientific and economic impact. A wide range of hosts can be infected by Colletotrichum spp., which causes losses in crops of major importance worldwide, such as soybean. Soybean anthracnose is mainly caused by C. truncatum, but other species have been identified at an increasing rate during the last decade, becoming one of the most important limiting factors to soybean production in several regions. To gain a better understanding of the evolutionary origin of soybean anthracnose, we compared the repertoire of effector candidates of four Colletotrichum species pathogenic to soybean and eight species not pathogenic. Our results show that the four species infecting soybean belong to two lineages and do not share any effector candidates. These results strongly suggest that two Colletotrichum lineages have acquired the capability to infect soybean independently. This study also provides, for each lineage, a set of candidate effectors encoding genes that may have important roles in pathogenicity towards soybean offering a new resource useful for further research on soybean anthracnose management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís R. Boufleur
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.J.); (Í.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain; (S.A.S.); (M.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Nelson S. Massola Júnior
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.J.); (Í.T.)
| | - Ísis Tikami
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.J.); (Í.T.)
| | - Serenella A. Sukno
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain; (S.A.S.); (M.R.T.)
| | - Michael R. Thon
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain; (S.A.S.); (M.R.T.)
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain; (S.A.S.); (M.R.T.)
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.R.B.); (R.B.)
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