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Lu W, Yu H, Liang Y, Zhai S. Effects of White Fish Meal Replaced by Low-Quality Brown Fish Meal with Compound Additives on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Juvenile American Eel ( Anguilla rostrata). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2873. [PMID: 37760273 PMCID: PMC10526026 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With a reduced supply and increased price of white fish meal (WFM), the exploration of a practical strategy to replace WFM is urgent for sustainable eel culture. A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing WFM with low-quality brown fish meal (LQBFM) with compound additives (CAs) on the growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata). The 300 fish (11.02 ± 0.02 g/fish) were randomly distributed in triplicate to four groups (control group, LQBFM20+CAs group, LQBFM30+CAs group and LQBFM40+CAs group). They were fed the diets with LQBFM replacing WFM at 0, 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively. The CAs were a mixture of Macleaya cordata extract, grape seed proanthocyanidins and compound acidifiers; its level in the diets of the trial groups was 0.50%. No significant differences were found in the growth performance between the control and LQBFM20+CAs groups (p > 0.05), whereas those values were significantly decreased in LQBFM30+CAs and LQBFM40+CAs groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was significantly increased in LQBFM30+CAs and LQBFM40+CAs groups, while lysozyme activity and complement 3 level were significantly decreased in those two groups (p < 0.05). There were decreased antioxidant potential and intestinal morphological indexes in the LQBFM30+CAs and LQBFM40+CAs groups, and no significant differences in those parameters were observed between the control group and LQBFM20+CAs group (p > 0.05). The intestinal microbiota at the phylum level or genus level was beneficially regulated in the LQBFM20+CAs group; similar results were not shown in the LQBFM40+CAs group. In conclusion, with 0.50% CA supplementation in the diet, LQBFM could replace 20% of WFM without detrimental effects on the growth and intestinal health of juvenile American eels and replacing 30% and 40%WFM with LQBFM might exert negative effects on this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaowei Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (W.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
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Chen X, Zhang F, Li H, Liu J, Jiang Y, Ren F, Huang L, Yuan X, Li Y, Yang W, Yang C, Li S, Jiao N, Jiang S. The combination of macleaya extract and glucose oxidase improves the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and cecal microbiota of piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1173494. [PMID: 37576836 PMCID: PMC10421655 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1173494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of macleaya extract and glucose oxidase combination (MGO) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and cecal microbiota in piglets. A total of 120 healthy 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into two treatments of six replicates. Piglets were either received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg MGO (2 g/kg sanguinarine, 1 g/kg chelerythrine, and 1 × 106 U/kg glucose oxidase). The results showed that MGO supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed:gain ratio (F/G) (p < 0.05). MGO increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) content (p < 0.05), but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) content (p < 0.05). The jejunal mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were increased in MGO group (p < 0.05), while that of kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) was decreased (p < 0.05). The Firmicutes was significantly increased at phylum levels in MGO group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 250 mg/kg MGO improved piglet growth, and regulated intestinal flora of piglets, which provided a theoretical basis for MGO as an alternative additive for antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Huirong Li
- Shandong Livestock Product Quality and Safety Center, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shandong Livestock Product Quality and Safety Center, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Shandong Livestock Product Quality and Safety Center, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Ren
- Zhongcheng Feed Technology Co., Ltd., Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Weiren Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Ciyao Animal Husbandry Station, Ningyang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ning Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Shi Y, Liu Y, Xie K, Zhang J, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhong L. Sanguinarine Improves Intestinal Health in Grass Carp Fed High-Fat Diets: Involvement of Antioxidant, Physical and Immune Barrier, and Intestinal Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1366. [PMID: 37507906 PMCID: PMC10376639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An eight-week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of sanguinarine supplementation (600 μg and 1200 μg/kg) in high-fat (crude fat: 10%) diets (HF) on the intestinal physiological function of Ctenopharyngodon idellus (initial weight 50.21 ± 0.68 g), based on a basic diet (5% crude fat, CON), which were named HFLS and HFHS, respectively. The results showed that the HF diet significantly impaired the intestinal immune and physical barrier function, and disrupted the balance of the intestinal microbiota in grass carp. Compared to the HF diet, sanguinarine supplementation significantly improved the levels of serum C4, C3, AKP, IgA, and IgM, and enhanced the intestinal antioxidant capacity (gr, CuZnsod, gpx4, cat, gsto, and nrf2 expression were significantly up-regulated). Sanguinarine significantly down-regulated the expression of claudin-15 and up-regulated the expression of claudin-b, claudin-c, occludin, and zo-1 by inhibiting MLCK signaling molecules. Additionally, sanguinarine significantly down-regulated the expression of il-6, il-1β, and tnf-α and up-regulated the expression of il-10, tgf-β2, and tgf-β1 by inhibiting NF-κB signaling molecules, thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation caused by HF diets. Furthermore, compared to the HF diet, the abundance of Fusobacterium and Cetobacterium in the HFHS diet increased significantly, while the abundance of Firmicutes and Streptococcus showed the opposite trend. In conclusion, the HF diet had a negative impact on grass carp, while sanguinarine supplementation enhanced intestinal antioxidant ability, alleviated intestinal barrier damage, and ameliorated the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanxiang Liu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Rao Malla R, Bhamidipati P, Adem M. Insights into the potential of Sanguinarine as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115565. [PMID: 37086811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of BC. A significant proportion of BC is characterized by a hypoxic TME, which contributes to the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Sanguinarine (SAN), an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Papaver plants, has shown promise as an anticancer agent. The present review focuses on exploring the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic TME in BC and the potential of SAN as a therapeutic option. The review presents the current understanding of the hypoxic TME, its signaling pathways, and its impact on the progression of BC. Additionally, the review elaborates on the mechanisms of action of SAN in BC, including its effects on vital cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, drug resistance, and tumor-induced immune suppression. The review highlights the importance of addressing hypoxic TME in treating BC and the potential of SAN as a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Priyamvada Bhamidipati
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meghapriya Adem
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visva vidhyalayam, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Cytotoxic Activity, Apoptosis Induction and Structure–Activity Relationship of 2‐Phenylphthalazin‐2‐ium Salts as Promising Antitumor Agents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lin XL, Shi YN, Cao YL, Tan X, Zeng YL, Luo ST, Li YM, Qin L, Xia BH, Fu RG, Lin LM, Li K, Cao D, Zeng JG, Liao DF. Sanguinarine protects against indomethacin-induced small intestine injury in rats by regulating the Nrf2/NF-κB pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960140. [PMID: 36304153 PMCID: PMC9593053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small intestine as a key target in the treatment of Inflammatory bowel disease caused by NSAIDs has become a hot topic. Sanguinarine (SA) is one of the main alkaloids in the Macleaya cordata extracts with strong pharmacological activity of anti-tumor, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant. SA is reported to inhibit acetic acid-induced colitis, but it is unknown whether SA can relieve NSAIDs-induced small intestinal inflammation. Herein, we report that SA effectively reversed the inflammatory lesions induced by indomethacin (Indo) in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells in culture. Our results showed that SA significantly relieved the symptoms and reversed the inflammatory lesions of Indo as shown in alleviation of inflammation and improvement of colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI) and tissue damage index (TDI) scores. SA decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MDA and LDH in small intestinal tissues and IEC-6 cells, but increased SOD activity and ZO-1 expression. Mechanistically, SA dose-dependently promoted the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 by decreasing Keap-1 level, but inhibited p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in Indo-treated rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, in SA treated cells, the colocalization between p-p65 and CBP in the nucleus was decreased, while the colocalization between Nrf2 and CBP was increased, leading to the movement of gene expression in the nucleus to the direction of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Nrf2 silencing blocked the effects of SA. Together our results suggest that SA can significantly prevent intestinal inflammatory lesions induced by Indo in rats and IEC-6 cells through regulation of the Nrf2 pathway and NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-lian Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-ning Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-ling Cao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-ling Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-teng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo-hou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-geng Fu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-mei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Deliang Cao, ; Jian-guo Zeng, ; Duan-fang Liao,
| | - Jian-guo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Deliang Cao, ; Jian-guo Zeng, ; Duan-fang Liao,
| | - Duan-fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Deliang Cao, ; Jian-guo Zeng, ; Duan-fang Liao,
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7
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Wang M, Huang X, Liu Y, Zeng J. Effects of Macleaya cordata Extract on Blood Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Flora in Heat-Stressed Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192589. [PMID: 36230331 PMCID: PMC9558519 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) leads to disturbance of homeostasis and gut microbiota. Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and gut health maintenance properties. Still, the specific effects of MCE on blood biochemical indices and gut microbiota homeostasis in heat-stressed mice are not entirely understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MCE on blood biochemical indices and gut microbiota in heat-stressed mice. A control group (CON) (25 °C, n = 6) and HS group (42 °C, n = 6) were gavaged with normal saline 0.2 mL/g body weight/day, and HS plus MCE group (HS-MCE) (42 °C, n = 6) was gavaged with 5 mg MCE/kg/day. HS (2 h/d) on 8–14 d. The experiment lasted 14 days. The results showed that HS increased mice’ serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase activities, heat shock protein 70 level, and malondialdehyde concentrations, and decreased serum catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. HS also disrupted microbiota diversity and community structure in mice, increasing the Bacteroidetes and decreasing Firmicutes and Lactobacillus; however, MCE can alleviate the disturbance of biochemical indicators caused by HS and regulate the flora homeostasis. Furthermore, MCE was able to moderate HS-induced metabolic pathways changes in gut microbiota. The Spearman correlation analysis implied that changes in serum redox status potentially correlate with gut microbiota alterations in HS-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiuqiong Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-84686560
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Popovic A, Deljanin M, Popovic S, Todorovic D, Djurdjevic P, Matic S, Stankovic M, Avramovic D, Baskic D. Chelidonium majus crude extract induces activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhances their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1554-1566. [PMID: 33706629 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1897534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the immunomodulatory effect of crude Chelidonium majus L ethanolic extract on ex vivo harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). PBMNCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The PBMNC cytotoxicity assay was performed with HeLa tumor cells as target cells. MTT assay was used to estimate the proliferation effect of extract and cytotoxic efficiency of treated PBMNCs. Flow cytometric analysis was used for immunophenotyping. Treatment induced moderate proliferative response, perturbation in PBMNC ratios, and the emergence of some unconventional subpopulations. The percentage ratio of double positive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and monocytes, ratio of T and B lymphocytes expressing CD14, and percentage of NK cells expressing CD57 increased after treatment, indicating activation of PBMNC subpopulations. Cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells was enhanced. Activation of PBMNCs and enhancement of their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells indicate the immunostimulatory effect of Ch. majus ethanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Popovic
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Suzana Popovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Todorovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Predrag Djurdjevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matic
- Doctoral Academic Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Stankovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Baskic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Shi Y, Zhong L, Chen K, Fan Y, Xie K, Zhang J, Dai J, Hu Y. Sanguinarine attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in liver of Monopterus albus: Role of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:190-199. [PMID: 35569777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic animals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a source of oxidative stress, can cause physiological dysfunction, inflammation, and death. Sanguinarine (SAN) is a plant extract known to improve antioxidant and immune capacity. However, the roles of SAN in H2O2-induced liver tissue toxicity is unclear. The effects on hepatic oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were investigated by feeding rice field eel with 0, 375, and 750 μg/kg of SAN for eight weeks and then intraperitoneally injected with H2O2. The results showed that after 24 h of H2O2 injection, the activities of ALT and AST in serum were significantly increased, oxidative damage and inflammatory response occurred in the liver, and apoptosis was induced, which indicated that H2O2 induced liver damage in rice field eel. However, dietary supplemented with 375 or 750 μg/kg SAN significantly decreased the activities of ALT and AST in serum, and significantly increased the antioxidant function (decreased ROS, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes levels, downregulated antioxidant-related gene expression, and inhibited the transcription level of nrf2). The addition of SAN at 375 or 750 μg/kg ameliorated H2O2-induced inflammatory response of liver (upregulated tgf-β1 mRNA expression, downregulated il-1β, il-6, il-8, and il-12β mRNA expression, and inhibited the transcription levels of tlr-3 tlr-7, and nf-κb). In addition, dietary supplemented with 375 or 750 μg/kg SAN alleviated the apoptosis of liver induced by H2O2 (downregulated bax mRNA expression, upregulated caspase3 mRNA expression, and reduced the number of apoptotic cells by TUNEL staining). Overall, these results suggested that SAN could alleviate the liver injury in rice field eel induced by H2O2, mainly by improving antioxidant capacity, alleviating inflammatory response and inhibiting apoptosis, and the effect of 750 μg/kg SAN addition is better than 375 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Kaijian Chen
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jihong Dai
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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10
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Huang W, Kong L, Cao Y, Yan L. Identification and Quantification, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Activities, and Botanical Preparations of Protopine: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010215. [PMID: 35011447 PMCID: PMC8746401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through pharmacological activity research, an increasing number of natural products and their derivatives are being recognized for their therapeutic value. In recent years, studies have been conducted on Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a valuable medicinal herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Protopine, one of its components, has also become a research hotspot. To illustrate the identification, metabolism, and broad pharmacological activity of protopine and the botanical preparations containing it for further scientific studies and clinical applications, an in-depth and detailed review of protopine is required. We collected data on the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine from 1986 to 2021 from the PubMed database using “protopine” as a keyword. It has been shown that protopine as an active ingredient of many botanical preparations can be rapidly screened and quantified by a large number of methods (such as the LC-ESI-MS/MS and the TLC/GC-MS), and the possible metabolic pathways of protopine in vivo have been proposed. In addition, protopine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, analgesic, vasodilatory, anticholinesterase, anti-addictive, anticonvulsant, antipathogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. In this paper, the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine are reviewed in detail to lay a foundation for further scientific research and clinical applications of protopine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Huang
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Sanguinarine and Chelidonine Synergistically Induce Endosomal Toll-like Receptor and M1-Associated Mediators Expression. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds represent the great capability to stimulate several cell types. Macrophage plays an important role for an effective immune response for infection and inflammation. Isoquinoline alkaloid, sanguinarine, and chelidonine are active compounds that exhibit activity on various tumor cells and immune cells. However, the effect of these compounds on the endosomal toll-like receptor (enTLR) and type I interferon (IFN) are still unclear. The monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were cultured and were determined their cell viability and phagocytic activity to Staphylococcus aureus DMST8840. The nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were also examined. The expression of enTLRs, type I IFN, and cytokines were determined by real-time PCR. Result shows that the compounds did not affect on MDM cell viability. Sanguinarine and chelidonine enhance phagocytic activity of MDM against Staphylococcus aureus DMST8840 by revealing a higher number of bacterial survival than the MDM treated by polyI:C, and the cell control after co-culture for 3 h. The production of NO has no difference amount but iNOS mRNA production was down-regulated in sanguinarine, chelidonine and their mixed treated MDM. The expressions of enTLRs and IFN-β1 mRNA were up-regulated in both compounds and their combination. Additionally, these compounds also enhance M1-liked cytokine by up-regulated IL-6 and down-regulated IL-10 and TGF-β1, respectively. Therefore, sanguinarine and chelidonine enhance enTLR and IFN-β1 expression and trend to stimulate the cell into M1-liked MDM.
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Jiang C, Yang H, Chen X, Qiu S, Wu C, Zhang B, Jin L. Macleaya cordata extracts exert antiviral effects in newborn mice with rotavirus-induced diarrhea via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1137-1144. [PMID: 32742353 PMCID: PMC7388234 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Macleaya cordata extract exerts antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of M. cordata on rotavirus SA11-induced diarrhea in mice. Diarrhea severity, levels of inflammatory cytokines, histological changes in the small intestine and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in rotavirus-stimulated mice treated with 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg/day M. cordata or 4 mg/kg/day ribavirin (positive control). M. cordata treatment effectively ameliorated rotavirus-induced diarrhea in a dose-dependent manner by decreasing viral RNA levels. In addition, M. cordata reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including migration inhibitory factor, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-β, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, and elevated the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 following rotavirus infection. M. cordata inhibited intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and improved intestinal inflammation after rotavirus infection. The study also revealed that M. cordata exerted antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects on rotavirus-induced diarrhea by suppressing the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway, as reflected by decreased protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-JAK2 and p-STAT3. Overall, M. cordata effectively inhibited the inflammation caused by rotavirus, which was closely associated with the suppression of JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. These data suggested that M. cordata may be applied as a treatment for rotavirus-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmao Jiang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- School of Animal Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- School of Animal Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Shulei Qiu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Wu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Jin
- School of Animal Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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Ke W, Tu C, Cao D, Lin X, Sun Q, Zhang Q. Molluscicidal activity and physiological toxicity of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) from Macleaya cordata fruits on Oncomelania hupensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007740. [PMID: 31603908 PMCID: PMC6808491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a serious worldwide parasitic disease. One of the best ways to control schistosomiasis is to control the population of Oncomelania hupensis snails. We sought to identify a high-efficiency biogenic molluscicide against Oncomelania with low toxicity, to avoid chemical molluscicide contamination and toxicity in aquatic organisms. We extracted quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) from Macleaya cordata fruits. Molluscicidal activity of the QBAs against Oncomelania was determined using bioassay. Our results showed that the extracted QBAs had a strong molluscicidal effect. In treatment of O. hupensis with QBAs for 48 h and 72 h, the lethal concentration (LC50) was 2.89 mg/L and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The molluscicidal activity of QBAs was close to that of niclosamide (ethanolamine salt), indicating that QBAs have potential development value as novel biogenic molluscicides. We also analyzed physiological toxicity mechanisms by examining the activity of several important detoxification enzymes. We measured the effect of the extracted QBAs on the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CarE), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the liver of O. hupensis. We found that the effects of QBAs on detoxification metabolism in O. hupensis were time and concentration dependent. The activities of GST, CarE, AKP, and ACP in the liver of snails increased significantly in the early stage of treatment (24 h), but decreased sharply in later stages (120 h), compared with these activities in controls. GST, CarE, AKP, and ACP activity in the liver of snails treated with LC50 QBAs for 120 h decreased by 62.3%, 78.1%, 59.2%, and 68.6%, respectively. Our results indicate that these enzymes were seriously inhibited by the extracted QBAs and the detoxification and metabolic functions of the liver gradually weakened, leading to poisoning, which could be the main cause of death in O. hupensis snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Ke
- Green Resources Transformation and Collaborative Innovation Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chang Tu
- Green Resources Transformation and Collaborative Innovation Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dezhi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, PR China
| | - Xiong Lin
- Green Resources Transformation and Collaborative Innovation Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qiqiang Sun
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
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Cao FJ, Xu MX, Zhou BH, Du YS, Yao JH, Zhou L. Effects of 2-aryl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrohydroisoquinolines on apoptosis induction mechanism in NB4 and MKN-45 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:295-303. [PMID: 30342220 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study found that 2-aryl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (CATHIQs) have excellent anti-cancer activity and obvious apoptosis induction phenomenon. As our continuing research, this study further explored their underlying molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the NB4 cells treated by 1-cyano-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline or the MKN-45 cells treated by 1-cyano-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline for 48 h were at early stage of apoptosis, and the cell cycle arrest was only slightly affected. Apoptosis rates of the cells significantly increase with the treatment concentration of the compounds. The compounds could significantly decrease the activities of SOD, raise the MDA level and promote the LDH leakage, suggesting that the excessive formation of ROS should be involved in the cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that the compounds improved both Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleavages of procaspase-3, promoted efflux of cytochrome c to cytosol and phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, and attenuated phosphorylations of Akt and ERK. Together, inhibitions of PI3K/Akt and ERK and activation of p38 mediated the compounds-induced apoptosis through modulating the mitochondrial pathway and/or ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi-Si Du
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun-Hu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Lin L, Liu YC, Huang JL, Liu XB, Qing ZX, Zeng JG, Liu ZY. Medicinal plants of the genus Macleaya (Macleaya cordata, Macleaya microcarpa): A review of their phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Phytother Res 2017; 32:19-48. [PMID: 29130543 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the genus Macleaya, Macleaya cordata and Macleaya microcarpa have been recognized as traditional herbs that are primarily distributed in China, North America, and Europe and have a long history of medicinal usage. These herbs have been long valued and studied for detumescence, detoxification, and insecticidal effect. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies on plants in the genus Macleaya. Plants from the genus of Macleaya provide a source of bioactive compounds, primarily alkaloids, with remarkable diversity and complex architectures, thereby having attracted attention from researchers. To date, 291 constituents have been identified and/or isolated from this group. These purified compounds and/or crude extract possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, and antibacterial activities in addition to certain potential toxicities. Macleaya species hold potential for medicinal applications. However, despite the pharmacological studies on these plants, the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of active ingredients derived from Macleaya have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Additionally, there is a need for research focusing on in vivo medical effects of Macleaya compounds and, eventually, for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jia-Lu Huang
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiu-Bin Liu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Qing
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Zhang J, Shen X, Wang K, Cao X, Zhang C, Zheng H, Hu F. Antioxidant activities and molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extracts of Baccharis propolis and Eucalyptus propolis in RAW64.7 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2220-2235. [PMID: 27049854 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1151444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Numerous studies have reported that propolis possesses strong antioxidant activities. However, their antioxidant molecular mechanisms are unclear. Objective We utilize ethanol extracts of Chinese propolis (EECP) as a reference to compare ethanol extracts of Eucalyptus propolis (EEEP) with ethanol extracts of Baccharis propolis (EEBGP) based on their antioxidant capacities and underlying molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods HPLC and chemical analysis are utilized to evaluate compositions and antioxidant activities. ROS-eliminating effects of EEBGP (20-75 μg/mL), EEEP (1.25-3.75 μg/mL) and EECP (1.25-5 μg/mL) are also determined by flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, we compared antioxidant capacities by determining their effects on expressions of antioxidant genes in RAW264.7 cells with qRT-PCR, western blot and confocal microscopy analysis. Results EEBGP mainly contains chlorogenic acid (8.98 ± 0.86 mg/g), kaempferide (11.18 ± 8.31 mg/g) and artepillin C (107.70 ± 10.86 mg/g), but EEEP contains 10 compositions, whereas EECP contains 17 compositions. Meantime, although EEEP shows DPPH (IC50 19.55 ± 1.28), ABTS (IC50 20.0 ± 0.31) and reducing power (2.70 ± 0.08 mmol TE/g) better than EEBGP's DPPH (IC50 43.85 ± 0.54), ABTS (IC50 38.2 ± 0.33) and reducing power (1.53 ± 0.05 mmol TE/g), EEBGP exerts much higher ROS inhibition rate (40%) than EEEP (under 20%). Moreover, EEBGP strengthen antioxidant system by activating p38/p-p38 and Erk/p-Erk kinase via accelerating nucleus translocation of Nrf2. EEEP and EECP improve antioxidant gene expression only via Erk/p-Erk kinase-Nrf2 signalling pathway. Discussion and conclusion EEBGP and EEEP exert antioxidant activities via different molecular mechanisms, which may depend on chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zhang
- a College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoge Shen
- a College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- a College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xueping Cao
- a College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- a College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Huoqing Zheng
- a College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Fuliang Hu
- a College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
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In silico target fishing and pharmacological profiling for the isoquinoline alkaloids of Macleaya cordata (Bo Luo Hui). Chin Med 2015; 10:37. [PMID: 26691584 PMCID: PMC4683977 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (Willd). R. Br. (Bo Luo Hui) exhibited antibacterial, antiparasitic, antitumor, and analgesic effects. The targets of these isoquinoline alkaloids are undefined. This study aims to investigate the compound–target interaction network and potential pharmacological actions of isoquinoline alkaloids of M. cordata by reverse pharmacophore database screening. Methods The targets of 26 isoquinoline alkaloids identified from M. cordata were predicted by a pharmacophore-based target fishing approach. Discovery Studio 3.5 and two pharmacophore databases (PharmaDB and HypoDB) were employed for the target profiling. A compound–target interaction network of M. cordata was constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape 3.0. Results Thirteen of the 65 predicted targets identified by PharmaDB were confirmed as targets by HypoDB screening. The targets in the interaction network of M. cordata were involved in cancer (31 targets), microorganisms (12 targets), neurodegeneration (10 targets), inflammation and autoimmunity (8 targets), parasitosis (5 targets), injury (4 targets), and pain (3 targets). Dihydrochelerythrine (C6) was found to hit 23 fitting targets. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) hits 15 alkaloids (C1–2, C11–16, C19–25) was the most promising target related to cancer. Conclusion Through in silico target fishing, the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of M. cordata were the most significant among many possible activities. The possible anticancer effects were mainly contributed by the isoquinoline alkaloids as active components.
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Negi G, Nakkina V, Kamble P, Sharma SS. Heme oxygenase-1, a novel target for the treatment of diabetic complications: focus on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:158-67. [PMID: 26432957 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a complex disorder induced by long standing diabetes. Many signaling pathways and transcription factors have been proposed to be involved in the development and progression of related processes. Years of research points to critical role of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of neuropathy in diabetes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is heat-shock protein induced under conditions of different kinds of stress and has been implicated in cellular defense against oxidative stress. HO-1 degrades heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and free iron. Biliverdin and CO are gaining particular interest because these two have been found to mediate most of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of HO-1. Although extensively studied in different kinds of cancers and cardiovascular conditions, role of HO-1 in diabetic neuropathy is still under investigation. In this paper, we review the unique therapeutic potential of HO-1 and its role in mitigating various pathological processes that lead to diabetic neuropathy. This review also highlights the therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological and natural inducers of HO-1, gene delivery of HO-1 or its reaction products that in future, could lead to progression of HO-1 activators through the preclinical stages of drug development to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Negi
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
| | - Vanaja Nakkina
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
| | - Pallavi Kamble
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
| | - Shyam S Sharma
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India.
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Park SY, Jin ML, Kim YH, Kim CM, Lee SJ, Park G. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 in neuroprotection by sanguinarine against glutamate-triggered apoptosis in HT22 neuronal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:701-710. [PMID: 25299846 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sanguinarine is a natural compound isolated from the roots of Macleaya cordata and M. microcarpa, has been reported to possess several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In the present study, we demonstrated that sanguinarine markedly induces the expression of HO-1 which leads to a neuroprotective response in mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells from apoptotic cell death induced by glutamate. Sanguinarine significantly attenuated the loss of mitochondrial function and membrane integrity associated with glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Sanguinarine protected against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through inhibition of HT22 cell apoptosis. JC-1 staining, which is a well-established measure of mitochondrial damage, was decreased after treatment with sanguinarine in glutamate-challenged HT22cells. In addition, sanguinarine diminished the intracellular accumulation of ROS and Ca(2+). Sanguinarine also induced HO-1, NQO-1 expression via activation of Nrf2. Additionally, we found that si RNA mediated knock-down of Nrf2 or HO-1 significantly inhibited sanguinarine-induced neuroprotective response. These findings revealed the therapeutic potential of sanguinarine in preventing the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Ling Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Min Kim
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Y, Liu ZY, Cao Y, Chen XJ, Zeng JG, Sun ZL. Reductive metabolism of the sanguinarine iminium bond by rat liver preparations. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1391-400. [PMID: 24399736 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguinarine (SA) is a quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid that is mainly present in the Papaveraceae family. SA has been extensively studied because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antihypertensive, antiproliferative and antiplatelet activities. Metabolic studies demonstrated that SA bioavailability is apparently low, and the main pathway of SA metabolism is iminium bond reduction resulting in dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) formation. Nevertheless, the metabolic enzymes involved in SA reduction are still not known in detail. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the rat liver microsomes and cytosol-induced SA iminium bond reduction, and to examine the effects of cytosol reductase inhibitors on the reductive activity. METHODS DHSA formation was quantified by HPLC. The possible enzymes responsible for DHSA formation were examined using selective individual metabolic enzyme inhibitors. RESULTS When SA was incubated with liver microsomes and cytosol in the absence of NAD(P)H, DHSA, the iminium bond reductive metabolite was formed. The reductase activity of the liver microsomes and cytosol was also enhanced significantly in the presence of NADH. The amount of DHSA formed in the liver cytosol was 4.6-fold higher than in the liver microsomes in the presence of NADH. The reductase activity in the liver cytosol was inhibited by the addition of flavin mononucleotide and/or riboflavin. Inhibition studies indicated that menadione, dicoumarol, quercetin and 7-hydroxycoumarin inhibited rat liver cytosol-mediated DHSA formation in the absence of NADH. However, only menadione and quercetin inhibited rat liver cytosol-mediated DHSA formation in the presence of NADH. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the SA iminium bond reduction proceeds via two routes in the liver cytosol. One route is direct non-enzymatic reduction by NAD(P)H, and the other is enzymatic reduction by possible carbonyl and/or quinone reductases in the liver cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Alkaloids from the tribe Bocconieae (papaveraceae): a chemical and biological review. Molecules 2014; 19:13042-60. [PMID: 25157468 PMCID: PMC6271911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bocconieae tribe, consisting of only the genera Macleaya and Bocconia, possesses significant economic and medicinal value and plays an important role in health management for people in developing countries. During the past decades, research on metabolites and relative pharmacology, including the isolation and identification of a variety of molecules, has shed light on the tribe. Among those molecules, isoquinoline alkaloids, and their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities are especially noteworthy. This paper presents a comprehensive compilation of current research progress, with emphasis on the alkaloids and their distribution, phytochemical and pharmacological investigation, toxicity and side effects, related chemotaxonomy and future use prospects, and hopefully provides a valuable reference as an effort to promote further exploration and application of this tribe.
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Itoh T, Koketsu M, Yokota N, Touho S, Ando M, Tsukamasa Y. Reduced scytonemin isolated from Nostoc commune suppresses LPS/IFNγ-induced NO production in murine macrophage RAW264 cells by inducing hemeoxygenase-1 expression via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:330-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Hun Lee J, Shu L, Fuentes F, Su ZY, Tony Kong AN. Cancer chemoprevention by traditional chinese herbal medicine and dietary phytochemicals: targeting nrf2-mediated oxidative stress/anti-inflammatory responses, epigenetics, and cancer stem cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:69-79. [PMID: 24716158 PMCID: PMC3924975 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive metabolites of carcinogens alters cellular homeostasis, leading to genetic/epigenetic changes, genomic instability, neoplastic transformation, and cancer initiation/progression. As a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes reduce these reactive species and protect normal cells from endo-/exogenous oxidative damage. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the antioxidative stress response, plays a critical role in the expression of many cytoprotective enzymes, including NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Recent studies demonstrated that many dietary phytochemicals derived from various vegetables, fruits, spices, and herbal medicines induce Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes, restore aberrant epigenetic alterations, and eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs). The Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response prevents many age-related diseases, including cancer. Owing to their fundamental contribution to carcinogenesis, epigenetic modifications and CSCs are novel targets of dietary phytochemicals and traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM). In this review, we summarize cancer chemoprevention by dietary phytochemicals, including TCHM, which have great potential as a safer and more effective strategy for preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ; Department of Desert Agriculture and Biotechnology, Arturo Prat University, PO box 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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24
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Lei QF, Zhao XL, Xu LJ, Peng Y, Xiao PG. Chemical Constituents of Plants from Tribe Chelidonieae and their Bioactivities. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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25
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Song YS, Park CM. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside strengthen antioxidative potential through the modulation of Nrf2/MAPK mediated HO-1 signaling cascade in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 65:70-5. [PMID: 24361407 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been understood that glycosidic forms of flavonoids were hydrolyzed by gut bacteria and absorbed as aglycones. However, several reports suggested that glycosides were partly absorbed without hydrolysis and remained biologically active. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative potential of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, glycosidic form of luteolin, against the oxidative damage and compared their antioxidative mechanisms in RAW 264.7 cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), one of the phase II enzymes showing an antioxidative activity, was potently induced by luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside treatment, which was in accordance with the translocated nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into nucleus. Moreover, luteolin and the luteolin-7-O-glucoside activated HO-1 expression by p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) regulation. In order to identify the antioxidation potential by HO-1, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage was applied and ameliorated by luteolin and the luteolin-7-O-glucoside treatment in a dose dependent manner, which was confirmed by HO-1 selective inhibitor and inducer, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) and cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), respectively. Consequently, luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside potently strengthen the HO-1-mediated antioxidative potential through the modulation of the Nrf2/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Song
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mu Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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26
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LC-MS metabolic study on quercetin and taxifolin galloyl esters using human hepatocytes as toxicity and biotransformation in vitro cell model. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:135-42. [PMID: 24008144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Galloyl esters of quercetin and taxifolin have been recently prepared semisynthetically as part of work towards modifying the solubility and modulating the biological activity of these natural flavonoids. In this paper we focused on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling of metabolites of 3-O-galloylquercetin and 7-O-galloyltaxifolin using human hepatocytes as the in vitro cell model. A subtoxic concentration (50μM) was used for both compounds and the formation of metabolites was monitored for 2h in hepatocytes and cultivation medium separately. Using negative electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF MS), we identified different biotransformation patterns for the studied compounds. 3-O-Galloylquercetin is metabolized directly to glucuronides and methyl derivatives. In contrast, 7-O-galloyltaxifolin is oxidized to 7-O-galloylquercetin or cleaved to taxifolin, and consequently the products formed are sulfated or glucuronidated. The oxidative biotransformation of 3-O-galloylquercetin and 7-O-galloyltaxifolin is also accompanied by ester bond cleavage presumably by cellular enzymes (esterases) in a nonspecific manner. Our results provide fundamental insights into the biotransformation of monogalloyl esters of flavonoids and can be applied in investigations of the pharmaceutical potential of other galloylated polyphenolic substances.
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27
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Baek MY, Park HJ, Kim GM, Lee DY, Lee GY, Moon SJ, Ahn EM, Kim GS, Bang MH, Baek NI. Insecticidal alkaloids from the seeds of Macleaya cordata on cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-3013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Jin ML, Park SY, Kim YH, Park G, Lee SJ. Acanthopanax senticosus exerts neuroprotective effects through HO-1 signaling in hippocampal and microglial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 35:335-346. [PMID: 23395777 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus, a traditional herb commonly found in Northeastern Asia, are used for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as ischemia and depression. However, the mechanisms of its neuroinflammatory and cytoprotective effects have not been investigated. We examined the mechanism of A. senticosus activity in anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective processes. HO-1 is an inducible enzyme present in most cell lines. ASE increased HO-1 expression, which reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide/ROS production in BV2 cells. Moreover, the induction of HO-1 expression protected cells against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Activation of the p38-CREB pathway and translocation of Nrf2 are strongly involved in ASE-induced HO-1 expression. Our results showed that ASE-induced HO-1 expression through the p38-CREB pathway plays an important role in the generation of anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective responses. ASE also increases the translocation of Nrf2 to regulate HO-1 expression. Furthermore, our results indicate that ASE serves as a potential therapeutic agent for neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Vrba J, Gažák R, Kuzma M, Papoušková B, Vacek J, Weiszenstein M, Křen V, Ulrichová J. A Novel Semisynthetic Flavonoid 7-O-Galloyltaxifolin Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 Cells via MAPK/Nrf2 Pathway. J Med Chem 2013; 56:856-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3013344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Gažák
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papoušková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies
and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17 listopadu 12, Olomouc
77146, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc
77515, Czech Republic
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