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Sonam Dongsar T, Tsering Dongsar T, Gupta G, Alsayari A, Wahab S, Kesharwani P. PLGA nanomedical consignation: A novel approach for the management of prostate cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123808. [PMID: 38224758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The malignancy of the prostate is a complicated ailment which impacts millions of male populations around the globe. Despite the multitude of endeavour accomplished within this domain, modalities that are involved in the ameliorative management of predisposed infirmity are still relent upon non-specific and invasive procedures, thus imposing a detrimental mark on the living standard of the individual. Also, the orchestrated therapeutic interventions are still incompetent in substantiating a robust and unabridged therapeutic end point owing to their inadequate solubility, low bioavailability, limited cell assimilation, and swift deterioration, thereby muffling the clinical application of these existing treatment modalities. Nanotechnology has been employed in an array of modalities for the medical management of malignancies. Among the assortment of available nano-scaffolds, nanocarriers composed of a bio-decomposable and hybrid polymeric material like PLGA hold an opportunity to advance as standard chemotherapeutic modalities. PLGA-based nanocarriers have the prospect to address the drawbacks associated with conventional cancer interventions, owing to their versatility, durability, nontoxic nature, and their ability to facilitate prolonged drug release. This review intends to describe the plethora of evidence-based studies performed to validate the applicability of PLGA nanosystem in the amelioration of prostate malignancies, in conjunction with PLGA focused nano-scaffold in the clinical management of prostate carcinoma. This review seeks to explore numerous evidence-based studies confirming the applicability of PLGA nanosystems in ameliorating prostate malignancies. It also delves into the role of PLGA-focused nano-scaffolds in the clinical management of prostate carcinoma, aiming to provide a comprehensive perspective on these advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Sonam Dongsar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tenzin Tsering Dongsar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Garima Gupta
- Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, India; School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Wang X, Zhao W, Zhang X, Wang Z, Han C, Xu J, Yang G, Peng J, Li Z. An integrative analysis to predict the active compounds and explore polypharmacological mechanisms of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107160. [PMID: 37321099 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthosiphon stamineus Benth is a dietary supplement and traditional Chinese herb with widespread clinical applications, but a comprehensive understanding of its active compounds and polypharmacological mechanisms is lacking. This study aimed to systematically investigate the natural compounds and molecular mechanisms of O. stamineus via network pharmacology. METHODS Information on compounds from O. stamineus was collected via literature retrieval, while physicochemical properties and drug-likeness were evaluated using SwissADME. Protein targets were screened using SwissTargetPrediction, while the compound-target networks were constructed and analyzed via Cytoscape with CytoHubba for seed compounds and core targets. Enrichment analysis and disease ontology analysis were then carried out, generating target-function and compound-target-disease networks to intuitively explore potential pharmacological mechanisms. Lastly, the relationship between active compounds and targets was confirmed via molecular docking and dynamics simulation. RESULTS A total of 22 key active compounds and 65 targets were identified and the main polypharmacological mechanisms of O. stamineus were addressed. The molecular docking results suggested that nearly all core compounds and their targets possess good binding affinity. In addition, the separation of receptor and ligands was not observed in all dynamics simulation processes, whereas complexes of orthosiphol Z-AR and Y-AR performed best in simulations of molecular dynamics. CONCLUSION This study successfully identified the polypharmacological mechanisms of the main compounds in O. stamineus, and predicted five seed compounds along with 10 core targets. Moreover, orthosiphol Z, orthosiphol Y, and their derivatives can be utilized as lead compounds for further research and development. The findings here provide improved guidance for subsequent experiments, and we identified potential active compounds for drug discovery or health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Jiapeng Xu
- Department of Yi Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Traditional Yi Medicine Hospital of Yunnan Province), Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, PR China
| | - Guohui Yang
- Department of Medical Research Information, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Traditional Yi Medicine Hospital of Yunnan Province), Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, PR China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
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Gogacz M, Peszke J, Natorska-Chomicka D, Ruszała M, Dos Santos Szewczyk K. Anticancer Effects of Propolis Extracts Obtained Using the Cold Separation Method on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:884. [PMID: 36840233 PMCID: PMC9958691 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Propolis and its extracts show a wide spectrum of biological activity. Due to the necessity to use high temperatures and high polarity in the eluent, the obtained extracts are depleted of active compounds. The new, cold separation method allows obtaining a qualitatively better product containing a number of chemical compounds absent in extracts obtained using high-temperature methods. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the biological activity of propolis extracts produced with the cold separation method in four female breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7, and T-47D. The results of the breast cancer cell viability were obtained using the MTT test. Propolis extracts at 75 and 80% showed similar cytotoxicity against cancer cells, with the polyphenol fraction 75% being slightly more negative for cells. Propolis extracts at concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 µg/mL significantly reduced cell viability. With the exception of the MDA-MB-231 line, cell viability was also decreased after incubation with a concentration of 25 µg/mL. Our results suggest that propolis extracts obtained with the cold separation method may be considered as promising compounds for the production of health-promoting supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Gogacz
- Chair and Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Peszke
- Department of Experimental Biotechnology, Decont LLC, 08-500 Ryki, Poland
| | - Dorota Natorska-Chomicka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Ruszała
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Wang X, Li D, Cao Y, Ho CT, Huang Q. Identification and Quantification of Both Methylation and Demethylation Biotransformation Metabolites of 5-Demethylsinensetin in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3162-3171. [PMID: 35230106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
5-Demethylated polymethoxyflavones (5-OH PMFs) are the most unique monodemethylated PMFs with relatively low polarities and are proved to possess better anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects than their respective permethoxylated ones. However, their detailed in vivo metabolic fates have not been fully studied. 5-Demethylsinensetin (5-OH Sin), being one of the 5-demethylated citrus PMFs, was used in the present research to investigate its biotransformation in pharmacokinetics and excretion in rats. The results showed that 5-OH Sin was mostly accumulated in the large intestine, indicating its poor absorption in the small intestine. In addition, 5,3'-didemethylsinensetin and 5,4'-didemethylsinensetin were identified as two dominated metabolites of 5-OH Sin, and the C-3' position of 5-OH Sin was more facile to be demethylated in systemic circulation. Moreover, other than demethylation reactions, the methylation transformation of 5-OH Sin and its metabolites were also observed and quantified, suggesting that the bidirectional biotransformation between 5-OH Sin and its parent compound, Sin, occurred under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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Li R, Song X, Guo Y, Song P, Duan D, Chen ZS. Natural Products: A Promising Therapeutics for Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772915. [PMID: 34746014 PMCID: PMC8570131 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated angiogenesis is a key target for anti-cancer therapy. The imbalance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic signals elicited by tumor cells or tumor microenvironment always results in activating "angiogenic switch". Tumor angiogenesis functions in multi-aspects of tumor biology, including endothelial cell apoptosis, tumor metastasis, and cancer stem cell proliferation. Numerous studies have indicated the important roles of inexpensive and less toxic natural products in targeting tumor angiogenesis-associated cytokines and apoptotic signaling pathways. Our current knowledge of tumor angiogenesis is based mainly on experiments performed on cells and animals, so we summarized the well-established models for angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we classified and summarized the anti-angiogenic natural agents (Polyphenols, Polysaccharides, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins) in targeting various tumor types according to their chemical structures at present, and discussed the mechanistic principles of these natural products on regulating angiogenesis-associated cytokines and apoptotic signaling pathways. This review is to help understanding the recent progress of natural product research for drug development on anti-tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Song
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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Gill MSA, Saleem H, Ahemad N. Plant Extracts and their Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Kinases. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1093-1104. [PMID: 32091334 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200224100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural Products (NP), specifically from medicinal plants or herbs, have been extensively utilized to analyze the fundamental mechanisms of ultimate natural sciences as well as therapeutics. Isolation of secondary metabolites from these sources and their respective biological properties, along with their lower toxicities and cost-effectiveness, make them a significant research focus for drug discovery. In recent times, there has been a considerable focus on isolating new chemical entities from natural flora to meet the immense demand for kinase modulators, and also to overcome major unmet medical challenges in relation to signal transduction pathways. The signal transduction systems are amongst the foremost pathways involved in the maintenance of life and protein kinases play an imperative part in these signaling pathways. It is important to find a kinase inhibitor, as it can be used not only to study cell biology but can also be used as a drug candidate for cancer and metabolic disorders. A number of plant extracts and their isolated secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids have exhibited activities against various kinases. In the current review, we have presented a brief overview of some important classes of plant secondary metabolites as kinase modulators. Moreover, a number of phytocompounds with kinase inhibition potential, isolated from different plant species, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Global Asia in 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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7
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Genotype selection for phytochemical content and pharmacological activities in ethanol extracts of fifteen types of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. leaves using chemometric analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20945. [PMID: 33262368 PMCID: PMC7708627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. of the Lamiaceae family, called as kumis kucing in Indonesia, is a valuable medicinal plant for their pharmacological properties. The present study comprised of fifteen genotypes of O. aristatus was undertaken to evaluate the genotypes based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of leaves ethanol extract. Chemometric analysis (correlation and principal component analysis) was also used to investigate the genetic variability based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of O. aristatus genotypes. Results of phytochemical characterization showed that total phenolic ranged from 1.48 to 36.08 (maximum in A15) mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid ranged from 0.10 to 3.07 (maximum in A15) mg QE/g DW, sinensetin ranged from 0.36 to 4.02 (maximum in A11) mg/g DW, and rosmarinic acid ranged 0.06 to 7.25 (maximum in A7) mg/g DW. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and FRAP assay. Antioxidant results showed that DPPH ranged from 1.68 to 15.55 (maximum in A15) μmol TE/g DW and FRAP ranged from 0.07 to 1.60 (maximum in A1 and A7) μmol TE/g DW. The genotype A8 showed the highest cytotoxic activities against HeLa (66.25%) and MCF-7 (61.79%) cell lines. Maximum α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was recorded in genotype A2 with the value of 62.84%. The genotypes A1, A2, A7, A11, and A15 were identified as superior based on their phytochemicals content and pharmacological activities coupled with chemometric analysis. This finding is important for breeding studies and also the pharmaceutical perspective of O. aristatus.
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Al-Dulaimi DW, Shah Abdul Majid A, M Baharetha H, Ahamed MBK, Faisal SF, Al Zarzour RH, Ein Oon C, Abdul Majid AMS, Ahmed Hassan LE. Anticlastogenic, antimutagenic, and cytoprotective properties of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic leaves extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:641-650. [PMID: 32321321 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1749652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus (O.S) is widely consumed for its medidcinal value including anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and diuretic properties. The present study evaluates the cytoprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies of standardized extract of Orthosiphon stamineus. Normal liver cell line (WRL68) exposed to hydrogen peroxide and serum-deprived media as insults to evaluate cytoprotective and glutathione activation activities of (Et. O. s). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 exposed to different concentrations of (Et. O. s). The influence of Et. O. s on mitotic, replicative indices as well as chromosomal aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitomycin C (MMC). The Et. O.s proved to be a potent scavenger for hydrogen peroxide and other free radicals in serum-depraved media, which showed to stimulate glutathione production in liver cells line. Moreover, it did not induce mutations in S. typhimurium subspecies TA98 and TA100. The standardized extract exhibited powerful antimutagenic activities as verified against both 2-nitrofluorene and sodium azide in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 cells, respectively. Cytogenetic tests showed high concentrations of Et. O. s to reduce the values of mitotic and replicative indices without any accompanying side effects, such as chromosomal abnormalities or SCE. To ameliorate MMC effects, pretreatment with the extract proofed to be efficient protocol. These data suggests that O. stamineus extract could be useful as cytoprotective, antimutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies, which owes to its potent chemoprevention, antioxidant, and glutathione activation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhamraa W Al-Dulaimi
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.,EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hussein M Baharetha
- College of Medicine and Medical Science, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Furqan Faisal
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University
| | - Loiy E Ahmed Hassan
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Tousi MS, Sepehri H, Khoee S, Farimani MM, Delphi L, Mansourizadeh F. Evaluation of apoptotic effects of mPEG-b-PLGA coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a eupatorin carrier on DU-145 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:108-121. [PMID: 33717617 PMCID: PMC7930876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have so far confirmed the efficiency of phytochemicals in the treatment of prostate cancer. Eupatorin, a flavonoid with a wide range of phytomedical activities, suppresses proliferation of and induces apoptosis of multiple cancer cell lines. However, low solubility, poor bioavailability, and rapid degradation limit its efficacy. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the use of mPEG-b-poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a carrier could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of eupatorin in DU-145 and LNcaP human prostate cancer cell lines. Nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method and were fully characterized for morphology, surface charge, particle size, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug-release profile. The inhibitory effect of nanoparticles on cell viability was evaluated by MTT test. Apoptosis was then determined by Hoechest staining, cell cycle analysis, NO production, annexin/propidium iodide (PI) assay, and Western blotting. The results indicated that eupatorin was successfully entrapped in Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles with an efficacy of (90.99 ± 2.1)%. The nanoparticle’s size was around (58.5 ± 4) nm with a negative surface charge [(−34.16 ± 1.3) mV]. In vitro release investigation showed a 30% initial burst release of eupatorin in 24 h, followed by sustained release over 200 h. The MTT assay indicated that eupatorin-loaded Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles exhibited a significant decrease in the growth rate of DU-145 and LNcaP cells and their IC50 concentrations were 100 μM and 75 μM, respectively. Next, apoptosis was confirmed by nuclear condensation, enhancement of cell population in the sub-G1 phase and increased NO level. Annexin/PI analysis demonstrated that eupatorin-loaded Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles could increase apoptosis and decrease necrosis frequency. Finally, Western blotting analysis confirmed these results and showed that Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the cleaved caspase-3 level were up-regulated by the designing nanoparticles. Encapsulation of eupatorin in Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles increased its anticancer effects in prostate cancer cell lines as compared to free eupatorin. Based on these results, this formulation can provide a sustained eupatorin-delivery system for cancer treatment with the drug remaining active at a significantly lower dose, making it a suitable candidate for pharmacological uses. In the current study, Eupatorin was efficiently encapsulated in mPEG-b-PLGA coated iron oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles bypass the limitations and provide a sustained release of Eupatorin into the human prostate cancer cell. The designed nanoparticles can be more effective in inhibiting cancer cell growth as compared to free form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Shalchi Tousi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houri Sepehri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Delphi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Mansourizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Persia FA, Troncoso ME, Rinaldini E, Simirgiotis M, Tapia A, Bórquez J, Mackern-Oberti JP, Hapon MB, Gamarra-Luques C. UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS fingerprinting and antitumoral effects of Prosopis strombulifera (LAM.) BENTH. queous extract on allograft colorectal and melanoma cancer models. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03353. [PMID: 32055742 PMCID: PMC7005552 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous extract of the Argentinean native plant, Prosopis strombulifera (PsAE), presents cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines by inducing cytostasis, necrosis and apoptosis; with diminution of clonogenic survival; without genotoxic effects nor oral animal toxicity. Until now, the chemical extract composition and its in vivo antitumoral properties remain unknown; these studies are the aim of the current work. The PsAE was characterized by chemical fingerprinting and the metabolome was identified by tandem UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Q-orbitrap® mass spectrometry. Colorectal tumors were induced by DMH administration and melanomas resulted from B16-F0 S.C. cells injection; then, animals were treated orally with PsEA. To correlate in vivo results with in vitro cytotoxicity, B16-F0 cell were cultured to determine: cell proliferation and viability by dye exclusion assays, MTT and CFSE dilution; cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry; and immunoblotting of p21cip1, PCNA, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP and TUBA1A. Based on UHPLC-OT-MS and PDA analysis, twenty-six compounds were identified, including: 5 simple organic acids, 4 phenolic acids, 4 procyanidins, 11 flavonoids, and 2 oxylipins. On C57BL6 mice, PsAE significantly increases the median survival on colorectal cancer and reduces the final volume and weight of melanomas. Over cultured cells, the treatment induce over-expression of p21, cytostasis by G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; while, on in vivo melanomas, treatment up-regulates p21 and slightly decreases PCNA. In conclusion, PsAE is composed by phenolic compounds which demonstrate cytotoxic and antitumoral properties when is orally administrated. Presented results support future research of PsAE as a potential phytomedicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Andrés Persia
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Boulogne Sur Mer 683, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariana Elizabeth Troncoso
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina.,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Contreras 1300, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Rinaldini
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Depto. de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Antofagasta. Av. Coloso S-N, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Belén Hapon
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina.,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Contreras 1300, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra-Luques
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, CP5500, Mendoza, Argentina
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11
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Samidurai D, Pandurangan AK, Krishnamoorthi SK, Perumal MK, Nanjian R. Sinensetin isolated from Orthosiphon aristatus inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Feng R, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Feng X, Zhang L, Zhang G. Assessment of a developed HPLC-MS/MS approach for determining plasma eupatorin in rats and its application in pharmacokinetics analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32020-32026. [PMID: 35518153 PMCID: PMC9056642 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eupatorin, a bioactive compound extracted from Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), possesses potent anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and vasodilation activities. To date, no pharmacokinetics studies on eupatorin have yet been performed. Here, we established and validated a sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) approach for determining plasma eupatorin in rats. Chromatographic fractionation was conducted on a Wonda Cract ODS-2 C18 Column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase containing aqueous 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile using a flow rate of 0.8 ml min−1. In multiple reaction monitoring mode, precursor-to-product ion transitions for quantification of eupatorin and the internal standard were set at 343.1 → 328.1 and 252.0 → 155.9, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were found to be below 6.72% and within ±8.26% in rat plasma, respectively. Meanwhile, all values of the matrix effect, recovery and stability were within the accepted ranges. Furthermore, we carried out the pharmacokinetic analysis using the developed method. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that while the Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) of eupatorin and time for reaching the Cmax (Tmax) were 974.886 ± 293.898 μg L−1 and 0.25 h, respectively, the half-life was 0.353 ± 0.026 h. This study will be of great significance to the research on the pharmacology, clinical pharmacy and drug action mechanism of eupatorin. Eupatorin, a bioactive compound extracted from Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), possesses potent anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and vasodilation activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050011
- P. R. China
| | - Luya Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- P. R. China
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13
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Suhaimi SH, Hasham R, Hafiz Idris MK, Ismail HF, Mohd Ariffin NH, Abdul Majid FA. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions Followed by Solid Phase Extraction Fractionation from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Lamiace) Leaves for Antiproliferative Effect on Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E4183. [PMID: 31752230 PMCID: PMC6891422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primarily, optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of Orthospihon stamineus was evaluated and verified using a central composite design (CCD) based on three factors including extraction time (minutes), ultrasound amplitude (A), and solvent concentration (%). The response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to develop an extraction method with maximum yield and high rosmarinic acid content. The optimal UAE conditions were as follows: extraction time 21 min, ultrasound amplitudes 62 A, and solvent composition 70% ethanol in water. The crude extract was further fractionated using solid-phase extraction (SPE), where six sequential fractions that varied in polarity (0-100% Acetonitrile in water) were obtained. Next, the six fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. This study found that Fraction 2 (F2) contained the highest rosmarinic acid content and showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Additionally, F2 showed an anti-proliferative effect against prostate cancer (DU145) with no harmful effect on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hasyimah Suhaimi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; (S.H.S.); (M.K.H.I.); (N.H.M.A.)
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnani Hasham
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; (S.H.S.); (M.K.H.I.); (N.H.M.A.)
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Khairul Hafiz Idris
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; (S.H.S.); (M.K.H.I.); (N.H.M.A.)
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Fahmi Ismail
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; (H.F.I.); (F.A.A.M.)
| | - Nor Hazwani Mohd Ariffin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; (S.H.S.); (M.K.H.I.); (N.H.M.A.)
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; (H.F.I.); (F.A.A.M.)
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14
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Guo Z, Li B, Gu J, Zhu P, Su F, Bai R, Liang X, Xie Y. Simultaneous Quantification and Pharmacokinetic Study of Nine Bioactive Components of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Extract in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173057. [PMID: 31443519 PMCID: PMC6749594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (OS) is a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of kidney stones and other urinary tract diseases. In this study, a rapid and sensitive Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS approach was established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of nine bioactive components in rat plasma. The nine components from OS extract detected in rat plasma were danshensu, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, cichoric acid, sinensetin and eupatorin. After liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, the plasma samples were subjected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization (ESI) technique and operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with both positive and negative ion modes. The standard curves showed good linear regression (r > 0.9915) over the concentration range for the nine analytes. The inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy were found to be within 15% of the nominal concentration. The recovery and stability of nine compounds were all demonstrated to be within acceptable limits. The approach was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic analysis of the nine bioactive components after oral administration of OS extract in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Peixi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Feng Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xianrui Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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15
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Li L, Chen Y, Feng X, Yin J, Li S, Sun Y, Zhang L. Identification of Metabolites of Eupatorin in Vivo and in Vitro Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E2658. [PMID: 31340434 PMCID: PMC6680898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eupatorin is the major bioactive component of Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), exhibiting strong anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no research on the metabolism of eupatorin has been reported to date. In the present study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with an efficient online data acquisition and a multiple data processing method were developed for metabolite identification in vivo (rat plasma, bile, urine and feces) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes and intestinal flora). A total of 51 metabolites in vivo, 60 metabolites in vitro were structurally characterized. The loss of CH2, CH2O, O, CO, oxidation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation, N-acetylation, hydrogenation, ketone formation, glycine conjugation, glutamine conjugation and glucose conjugation were the main metabolic pathways of eupatorin. This was the first identification of metabolites of eupatorin in vivo and in vitro and it will provide reference and valuable evidence for further development of new pharmaceuticals and pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luya Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jintuo Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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16
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Razak NA, Abu N, Ho WY, Zamberi NR, Tan SW, Alitheen NB, Long K, Yeap SK. Cytotoxicity of eupatorin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1514. [PMID: 30728391 PMCID: PMC6365513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eupatorin has been reported with in vitro cytotoxic effect on several human cancer cells. However, reports on the mode of action and detail mechanism of eupatorin in vitro in breast cancer disease are limited. Hence, eupatorin's effect on the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 was investigated. MTT assay showed that eupatorin had cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells but was non-toxic to the normal cells of MCF-10a in a time-dose dependent manner. At 24 h, the eupatorin showed mild cytotoxicity on both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values higher than 20 μg/mL. After 48 h, eupatorin at 5 μg/mL inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by 50% while the IC50 of MCF-10a was significantly (p < 0.05) high with 30 μg/mL. The concentration of eupatorin at 5 μg/mL induced apoptosis mainly through intrinsic pathway by facilitating higher fold of caspase 9 compared to caspase 8 at 48 h. The cell cycle profile also showed that eupatorin (5 μg/mL) exerted anti-proliferation activity with the cell cycle arrest of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells at sub Gθ/G1 in a time-dependent manner. In addition, wound healing assay showed an incomplete wound closure of scratched MDA-MB-231 cells, and more than 60% of the MDA-MB-231 cells were prevented to migrate and invade the membrane in the Boyden chamber after 24 h. Eupatorin also inhibited angiogenic sprouting of new blood vessels in ex vivo mouse aorta ring assay. In gene expression assay, eupatorin up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes such as Bak1, HIF1A, Bax, Bad, cytochrome c and SMAC/Diablo and blocked the Phospho-Akt pathway. In conclusion, eupatorin is a potent candidate to induce apoptosis and concurrently inhibit the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells through inhibition of Phospho-Akt pathway and cell cycle blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursyamirah Abd Razak
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaa'cob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Rizi Zamberi
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Long
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, 43900, Selangor, Malaysia.
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17
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Klungboonkrong V, Lamsal BP, Phoungchandang S. Changes and degradation kinetics of some bioactive compounds in dried Orthosiphon aristatus (Java tea) leaves during elevated temperature storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:933-940. [PMID: 30009388 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthosiphon aristatus is a traditional medicinal herb mostly used in Southeast Asia and which has many health benefits. Packaging types and storage temperatures were investigated in order to select the best conditions for producing high bioactive compounds (BC) from two kinds of dried O. aristatus leaves. RESULTS Blanched leaves were vacuum packed in polypropylene (PP) and aluminum foil laminated with polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene (PET/Al/PE) and dried in a freeze dryer (B_FD) or heat pump-assisted dehumidified dryer (B_HPD60) at 60 °C prior to storage at 15, 25 and 35 °C for 6 months. Leaves in PET/Al/PE bags had higher total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AOA) and BC than in PP bags (P ≤ 0.05). Storage at 15 °C retained the highest TPC and AOA in PET/Al/PE bags (P ≤ 0.05). The degradation kinetics for BC, sinensetin and eupatorin followed first-order kinetics. Half-lives (t1/2 ) for BC in PET/Al/PE were higher than in PP and were the highest at 15 °C for both packaging types. CONCLUSIONS Low temperature and PET/Al/PE bags provided the highest bioactive compound retention. The dried leaves from B_HPD60 and packed in PET/Al/PE bags had higher resistance to degradation of sinensetin than B_FD in PP bags. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vorapong Klungboonkrong
- Department of Food Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Buddhi P Lamsal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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18
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Abotaleb M, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Varghese S, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids in Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010028. [PMID: 30597838 PMCID: PMC6357032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Although, there are many different approaches to cancer treatment, they are often painful due to adverse side effects and are sometimes ineffective due to increasing resistance to classical anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. Targeting delayed/inhibited apoptosis is a major approach in cancer treatment and a highly active area of research. Plant derived natural compounds are of major interest due to their high bioavailability, safety, minimal side effects and, most importantly, cost effectiveness. Flavonoids have gained importance as anti-cancer agents and have shown great potential as cytotoxic anti-cancer agents promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, a summary of flavonoids and their effectiveness in cancer treatment targeting apoptosis has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Sharon Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
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19
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Pauzi N, Mohd KS, Abdul Halim NH, Ismail Z. Orthosiphon stamineus Extracts Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Uterine Fibroid Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2737-2744. [PMID: 30360599 PMCID: PMC6291024 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.10.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The effects of water and 50% ethanolic-water extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (OS) on cell proliferation and apoptotic activity against uterine leiomyosarcoma (SK-UT-1) cells were investigated. Methods: Anti-proliferation effect was evaluated through cell cycle analysis whereas apoptotic activity was determined via screening and quantifying using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The effect of extracts on molecular mechanism was studied using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results: Cell cycle flow cytometric analysis showed the induction of cell cycle arrests were behaves in a p53-independent manner. The examination using fluorescence microscopy and Annexin V flow cytometry revealed the presence of morphological features of apoptotic bodies. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) supports the apoptotic activity of OS extracts although poorly induce PARP-1 cleavage in Western blot analysis. The extracts also inhibit the SK-UT-1 growth by suppressing VEGF-A, TGF-β1 and PCNA genes, which involved in angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that O. stamineus extracts are able to inhibit proliferation and induced apoptosis of uterine fibroid cells and is worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norzilawati Pauzi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Guo Z, Liang X, Xie Y. Qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical constituents in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:135-147. [PMID: 30390555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and efficient method was established and validated for qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical constituents in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (O. stamineus) using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the retention time and MS spectra, 61 compounds were detected by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 52 chemical structures in the O. stamineus extracts including 26 phenolic acids, 11 flavonoids, 6 diterpenoids, 4 fatty acids and 5 tanshinones were tentatively identified without the time-consuming process of isolation. Moreover, five chemical constituents (Danshensu, Caffeic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Sinensetin and Eupatorin) were quantified in three different batches of O. stamineus samples by the developed ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry method in 10 min. The method validation of the five compounds was performed with acceptable linearity (R2, 0.9930-0.9997), precision (RSD, 1.87-10.36%), repeatability (RSD, 0.59-4.87%) and recovery (105.30-110.53%, RSD ≤ 13.90%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xianrui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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21
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Klungboonkrong V, Phoungchandang S, Lamsal B. Drying of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves: Mathematical modeling, drying characteristics, and quality aspects. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1443080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vorapong Klungboonkrong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Buddhi Lamsal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Food Sciences Building, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Xue Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhang G, Li W, Zhang H, Lin Y, Chen P, Sun X, Liu Y, Chu L, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhang X. Natural and synthetic flavonoids, novel blockers of the volume-regulated anion channels, inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1473-1483. [PMID: 29961148 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural flavonoids are ubiquitous in dietary plants and vegetables and have been proposed to have antiviral, antioxidant, cardiovascular protective, and anticancer effects. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), which are essential for cell volume regulation, have been proposed to play a key role in cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, transepithelial transport, and cancer development. In this study, we screened a group of 53 structurally related natural flavonoids and three synthetic flavonoids for their inhibitory activities on VRAC currents. A whole-cell patch technique was used to record VRAC currents in the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells. The 5'-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay technique was used to investigate cell proliferation. At 100 μM, 34 of 53 compounds significantly inhibited hypotonic extrasolution-induced VRAC currents by > 50% in HEK293 cells. Among these compounds, luteolin, baicalein, eupatorin, galangin, quercetin, fisetin, karanjin, Dh-morin, genistein, irisolidone, and prunetin exhibited the highest efficacy for VRAC blockade (the mean inhibition > 80%) with IC50s of 5-13 μM and Emaxs of about 87-99%. We also studied the effects of three synthetic flavonoids on VRAC currents in HEK293 cells. Flavoxate showed high inhibition efficacy toward VRAC currents (IC50 = 2.3 ± 0.3 μM; Emax = 91.8% ± 2.7%). Finally, these flavonoids inhibited endogenous VRAC currents and cell proliferation in endothelial cells. This study demonstrates that natural and synthetic flavonoids are potent VRAC current inhibitors, and VRAC inhibition by flavonoids might be responsible for their anti-angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Gaohua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiran Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaorun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Yalei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China.
| | - Mingyun Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 West Xinhua Road, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China.
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Tangeretin inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cells via CYP1A1/CYP1B1 enzyme induction and CYP1A1/CYP1B1-mediated metabolism to the product 4' hydroxy tangeretin. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:274-284. [PMID: 29626627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tangeretin is a polymethoxylated flavone with multifaceted anticancer activity. In the present study, the metabolism of tangeretin was evaluated in the CYP1 expressing human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 and in the normal breast cell line MCF10A. Tangeretin was converted to 4' OH tangeretin by recombinant CYP1 enzymes and by CYP1 enzymes expressed in MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. This metabolite was absent in MCF10A cells that did not express CYP1 enzymes. Tangeretin exhibited submicromolar IC50 (0.25 ± 0.15 μM) in MDA-MB-468 cells, whereas it was less active in MCF7 cells (39.3 ± 1.5 μM) and completely inactive in MCF10A cells (>100 μM). In MDA-MB-468 cells that were coincubated with the CYP1 inhibitor acacetin, an approximately 70-fold increase was noted in the IC50 (18 ± 1.6 μM) of tangeretin. In the presence of the CYP1 inhibitor acacetin, the conversion of tangeretin to 4' OH tangeretin was significantly reduced in MDA-MB-468 cells (2.55 ± 0.19 μM vs. 6.33 ± 0.12 μM). The mechanism of antiproliferative action involved cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase for MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Tangeretin was further shown to induce CYP1 enzyme activity and CYP1A1/CYP1B1 protein expression in MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. These results suggest that tangeretin inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells via CYP1A1/CYP1B1-mediated metabolism to the product 4' hydroxy tangeretin.
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Grigore A, Neagu G, Dobre N, Albulescu A, Ionita L, Ionita C, Albulescu R. Evaluation of antiproliferative and protective effects of Eupatorium cannabinum L. extracts. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:334-344. [PMID: 30814897 PMCID: PMC6353279 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1803-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eupatorium cannabinum L. (Asteraceae) has been used for a long time for medicinal purposes due to its various pharmacological effects and richness in active compounds such as phenolics, sesquiterpenes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Despite the high content of compounds that have important roles in medicinal plants, there are still limited literature data regarding this valuable species. The plant was fractioned using chloroform (EC) and distilled water (EA) and HPLC analysis revealed the presence of eupatorin, eupatilin, and quercetin in EC and caefic acid and rutin in EA. The antiproliferative potential on BT-20, HepG2, Caco-2, and Jurkat cancer cell lines was assessed by MTS test. Jurkat cells were more sensitive to both extracts (IC50 of 7.35 ± 0.35 for EC and 13.77 ± 2.16 µg/mL for EA), while the other lines were susceptible only to EC (IC50 88.27 ± 1.34 on Caco-2 cells and over 100 µg/mL on BT20 and HepG2 cells) after 24 h of exposure. In an LPS-induced damage mouse model of endotoxemia, we showed that preventive administration increases the survival times of mice and leads to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Both polar and nonpolar compounds are involved in exerting these effects, but further analytical studies are needed to identify the key responsible compounds and their biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grigore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development (ICCF) , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Georgeta Neagu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development (ICCF) , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dobre
- Department of Analytics, National Institute of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development (ICCF) , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Adrian Albulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development (ICCF) , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Lucian Ionita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Carmen Ionita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development (ICCF) , Bucharest , Romania
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Ashraf K, Sultan S, Adam A. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is an Outstanding Food Medicine: Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2018; 10:109-118. [PMID: 30237681 PMCID: PMC6142889 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_253_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a valued medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of this plant to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotection, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, cardioactive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activies. This review is a comprehensive summary of the presently available chemical, pharmacological investigations as well as the traditional and therapeutic uses of this plant. Important and different experimental data have been addressed along with a review of all phytochemicals identified in this plant, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils. O. stamineus has wide traditional and pharmacological uses in various pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, it is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ashraf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Atta-urRahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Atta-urRahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Aishah Adam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Antiangiogenic Effect of Flavonoids and Chalcones: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010027. [PMID: 29271940 PMCID: PMC5795978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are precursors of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Both flavonoids and chalcones are intensively investigated because of a large spectrum of their biological activities. Among others, anticancer and antiangiogenic effects account for the research interest of these substances. Because of an essential role in cancer growth and metastasis, angiogenesis is considered to be a promising target for cancer treatment. Currently used antiangiogenic agents are either synthetic compounds or monoclonal antibodies. However, there are some limitations of their use including toxicity and high price, making the search for new antiangiogenic compounds very attractive. Nowadays it is well known that several natural compounds may modulate basic steps in angiogenesis. A lot of studies, also from our lab, showed that phytochemicals, including polyphenols, are potent modulators of angiogenesis. This review paper is focused on the antiangiogenic effect of flavonoids and chalcones and discusses possible underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Al-Dualimi DW, Shah Abdul Majid A, Al-Shimary SFF, Al-Saadi AA, Al Zarzour R, Asif M, Ein Oon C, Abdul Majid AMS. 50% Ethanol extract of Orthosiphon stamineus modulates genotoxicity and clastogenicity induced by mitomycin C. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28635332 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1317785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herbal products contain a variety of compounds which may be useful in protecting against cellular damage caused by mutagens. Orthosiphon stamineus (O.s) also known as Cat whiskers. The herb has been shown anti-oxidative properties and can modulate key cellular proteins that have cytoprotective effect. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1) of 50% ethanol extract of O.s (Et. O.s) on micro-nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), Polychromatic to normachromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE), Mitotic index (MI), and Chromosomal aberration (CA) in Bab/c mice. Moreover, these parameters were used to evaluate the anti-genotoxic and clastogenic potencies of (Et. O.s) against mitomycin c (MMC) that interact with biological molecules and induce genotoxic and clastogenic disorders in non-tumor cells. MMC (4 mg kg-1) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the mice before and after treatment with three different doses of (Et. O.s). The results indicated that the extract at different doses did not show significant (p ≥ 0.05) differences in (MNPCE), (PCE/NCE) ratios, and (CA) values. The higher doses sowed high (MI) values compared with untreated control group. MMC showed significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in (MNPCE), (CA) and reduce (PCE/NCE) and (MI) values compared with untreated control group. Treatment with (Et. O.s) at different doses before and after MMC injection showed to modulate MNPCE, PCE/NCE ratios, CA and MI values in mice bone marrow cells suggesting genoprotective potential of this plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhamraa Waleed Al-Dualimi
- a Department of Pharmacology, Eman Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Aman Shah Abdul Majid
- b Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences , Quest International University , Perak , Malaysia
| | - Sarah Furqan Faisal Al-Shimary
- a Department of Pharmacology, Eman Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Amal Aziz Al-Saadi
- c Department of Clinical Analysis , College of Health and Medical Technology , Baghdad , Iraq
| | - Raghdaa Al Zarzour
- d Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- a Department of Pharmacology, Eman Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- e Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- a Department of Pharmacology, Eman Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.,f ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research , Australian National University , Acton , Australia
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Diniz C, Suliburska J, Ferreira IMPLVO. New insights into the antiangiogenic and proangiogenic properties of dietary polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27981783 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols can be found in natural products of plant origin, including vegetables, fruits, and beverages. A large number of these plant origin compounds are an integral part of the human diet and in the past decade evidence has shown their beneficial properties in human health, by acting in several cell signaling pathways. Among other beneficial effects, polyphenols have been associated with angiogenesis. Increasing evidence highlighting the ability of dietary polyphenols to influence angiogenesis by interfering with multiple signaling pathways is debated. Particular emphasis is given to the mechanisms that ultimately may induce the formation of capillary-like structures (by increasing endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion) or, conversely, may inhibit the steps of angiogenesis leading to the inhibition/regress of vascular development. Dietary polyphenols can, therefore, be viewed as promising nutraceuticals but important aspects have still to be further investigated, to deep knowledge concerning their concentration-mediated effects, effect of specific polyphenols, and respective metabolites, to ensure their appropriate and effective usefulness as proangiogenic or antiangiogenic nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE-Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE-Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Guamán-Ortiz LM, Orellana MIR, Ratovitski EA. Natural Compounds As Modulators of Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:132-155. [PMID: 28367073 PMCID: PMC5345338 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803150639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an innate capability of cells to be removed from microenvironment, if and when they are damaged by multiple stresses. Cell death is often regulated by multiple molecular pathways and mechanism, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. The molecular network underlying these processes is often intertwined and one pathway can dynamically shift to another one acquiring certain protein components, in particular upon treatment with various drugs. The strategy to treat human cancer ultimately relies on the ability of anticancer therapeutics to induce tumor-specific cell death, while leaving normal adjacent cells undamaged. However, tumor cells often develop the resistance to the drug-induced cell death, thus representing a great challenge for the anticancer approaches. Numerous compounds originated from the natural sources and biopharmaceutical industries are applied today in clinics showing advantageous results. However, some exhibit serious toxic side effects. Thus, novel effective therapeutic approaches in treating cancers are continued to be developed. Natural compounds with anticancer activity have gained a great interest among researchers and clinicians alike since they have shown more favorable safety and efficacy then the synthetic marketed drugs. Numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have found that several natural compounds display promising anticancer potentials. This review underlines certain information regarding the role of natural compounds from plants, microorganisms and sea life forms, which are able to induce non-apoptotic cell death in tumor cells, namely autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Guamán-Ortiz
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Ramirez Orellana
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward A Ratovitski
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Comparative Analysis of the Interaction between Different Flavonoids and PDIA3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4518281. [PMID: 28044092 PMCID: PMC5164911 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4518281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, plant secondary metabolites present in fruits, vegetables, and products such as tea and red wine, show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiviral, and antitumor activity. PDIA3 is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family mainly involved in the correct folding of newly synthetized glycoproteins. PDIA3 is associated with different human pathologies such as cancer, prion disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's diseases and it has the potential to be a pharmacological target. The interaction of different flavonoids with PDIA3 was investigated by quenching fluorescence analysis and the effects on protein activity were evaluated. A higher affinity was observed for eupatorin-5-methyl ether and eupatorin which also inhibit reductase activity of PDIA3 but do not significantly affect its DNA binding activity. The use of several flavonoids differing in chemical structure and functional groups allows us to make some consideration about the relationship between ligand structure and the affinity for PDIA3. The specific flavone backbone conformation and the degree of polarity seem to play an important role for the interaction with PDIA3. The binding site is probably similar but not equivalent to that of green tea catechins, which, as previously demonstrated, can bind to PDIA3 and prevent its interaction with DNA.
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Flavonoids-Rich Orthosiphon stamineus Extract as New Candidate for Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibition: A Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111500. [PMID: 27834876 PMCID: PMC6274529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of different extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) leaves and their main flavonoids, namely rosmarinic acid (RA), sinensetin (SIN), eupatorin (EUP) and 3′-hydroxy-5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF). Furthermore, to identify possible mechanisms of action based on structure–activity relationships and molecular docking. The in vitro ACE inhibition activity relied on determining hippuric acid (HA) formation from ACE-specific substrate (hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL)) by the action of ACE enzyme. A High Performance Liquid Chromatography method combined with UV detection was developed and validated for measurement the concentration of produced HA. The chelation ability of OS extract and its reference compounds was evaluated by tetramethylmurexide reagent. Furthermore, molecular docking study was performed by LeadIT-FlexX: BioSolveIT’s LeadIT program. OS ethanolic extract (OS-E) exhibited highest inhibition and lowest IC50 value (45.77 ± 1.17 µg/mL) against ACE compared to the other extracts. Among the tested reference compounds, EUP with IC50 15.35 ± 4.49 µg/mL had highest inhibition against ACE and binding ability with Zn (II) (56.03% ± 1.26%) compared to RA, TMF and SIN. Molecular docking studies also confirmed that flavonoids inhibit ACE via interaction with the zinc ion and this interaction is stabilized by other interactions with amino acids in the active site. In this study, we have demonstrated that changes in flavonoids active core affect their capacity to inhibit ACE. Moreover, we showed that ACE inhibition activity of flavonoids compounds is directly related to their ability to bind with zinc ion in the active site of ACE enzyme. It was also revealed that OS extract contained high amount of flavonoids other than RA, TMF, SIN and EUP. As such, application of OS extract is useful as inhibitors of ACE.
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Pacifico S, Piccolella S, Papale F, Nocera P, Lettieri A, Catauro M. A polyphenol complex from Thymus vulgaris L. plants cultivated in the Campania Region (Italy): New perspectives against neuroblastoma. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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OLARU OCTAVIANTUDOREL, VENABLES LUANNE, VAN DE VENTER MARYNA, NITULESCU GEORGEMIHAI, MARGINA DENISA, SPANDIDOS DEMETRIOSA, TSATSAKIS ARISTIDISM. Anticancer potential of selected Fallopia Adans species. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1323-1332. [PMID: 26622671 PMCID: PMC4533735 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the anticancer potential of three species belonging to the Fallopia genus (Polygonaceae): Fallopia convolvulus (F. convolvulus, Fallopia dumetorum (F. dumetorum) and Fallopia aubertii (F. aubertii). For this purpose, crude extracts were obtained and characterized for their phenolic and flavonoid total content and examined for their anticancer activity on three tumor cell lines: breast cancer (MCF7), colon carcinoma (Caco-2) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The cytotoxic potential of the three species was assessed by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis and by the evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The acute toxicity of the extracts was evaluated using one in vitro cell model (Vero cells, an African Green monkey kidney cell line) and two invertebrate in vivo models (Daphnia magna and Artemia salina). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the F. aubertii flower extracts. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts from F. aubertii and F. convolvulus on all three cell lines were examined at concentrations ranging from 3 to 300 µg/ml. G2/M cell cycle arrest was induced by all the extracts, and a significant increase in the subG1 cell population was observed. The hydroethanolic extract from the flowers of F. aubertii induced cell apoptosis more rapidly than the other extracts. The MMP indicates the involvement of the mitochondria in the induction of apoptosis. A positive correlation between the total phenolic content of the extracts and the IC50 values against the HeLa cells was also noted. None of the extracts exhibited significantly toxic effects. Considering the antitumor potential of F. aubertii and F. convolvulus, these two species may represent a good source of plant extracts with anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- OCTAVIAN TUDOREL OLARU
- Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - LUANNE VENABLES
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - MARYNA VAN DE VENTER
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - GEORGE MIHAI NITULESCU
- Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - DENISA MARGINA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - DEMETRIOS A. SPANDIDOS
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - ARISTIDIS M. TSATSAKIS
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Whitted CL, Palau VE, Torrenegra RD, Harirforoosh S. Development of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography methods for quantification of two isomeric flavones and the application of the methods to pharmacokinetic studies in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:150-5. [PMID: 26280282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isomers 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8 trimethoxy flavone) (flavone A) and 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone) (flavone B) have recently demonstrated differential antineoplastic activities against pancreatic cancer in vitro. These studies also indicated that these compounds target highly tumorigenic cells while sparing normal cells. The in vivo antitumor activities of these flavones have not been determined, and detection protocols for these compounds are needed to conduct pre-clinical assays following intravenous dosing. Here, we report methods developed using acetonitrile to extract two flavone isomers and corresponding internal standards, celecoxib and diclofenac, from rat plasma. Separation was achieved using a Shimadzu liquid chromatography system with a C18 column and mobile phase acetonitrile/water (60:40 and 70:30 for flavones A and B, respectively) containing 0.2% acetic acid and 0.05% triethylamine at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min and detection at 245nm. Calibration curves ranging from 250 to 2500ng/mL and 2500 to 100,000ng/mL for both flavones were linear (r(2)≥0.99) with the lower limits of quantification being 250ng/mL. Recovery of concentrations 250, 1000, 2500, 5000, and 100,000ng/mL ranged from 87 to 116% and 84 to 103% (n=3) for flavone A and B, respectively. Stability of both flavones after a freezing/thawing cycle yielded a mean peak ratio ≥0.92 when compared to freshly extracted samples. Intravenous administration of a 20mg/kg dose in rats yielded half-lives of 83.68±56.61 and 107.45±53.31min with clearance values of 12.99±13.78 and 80.79±35.06mL/min/kg for flavones A and B, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Whitted
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Victoria E Palau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Ruben D Torrenegra
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Sam Harirforoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
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Lee HJ, Choi YJ, Park SY, Kim JY, Won KC, Son JK, Kim YW. Hexane Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Induces Insulin Expression and Prevents Glucotoxicity in INS-1 Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:51-8. [PMID: 25729713 PMCID: PMC4342537 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia, a characteristic feature of diabetes, induces glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells, resulting in further impairment of insulin secretion and worsening glycemic control. Thus, preservation of insulin secretory capacity is essential for the management of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the ability of an Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) extract to prevent glucotoxicity in insulin-producing cells. METHODS We measured insulin mRNA expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in OS-treated INS-1 cells after exposure to a high glucose (HG; 30 mM) concentration. RESULTS The hexane extract of OS elevated mRNA expression of insulin as well as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 of INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The hexane OS extract also increased the levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, Akt phosphorylation was elevated by treatment with 100 and 200 µmol of the hexane OS extract. Three days of HG exposure suppressed insulin mRNA expression and GSIS; these expressions were restored by treatment with the hexane OS extract. HG elevated peroxide levels in the INS-1 cells. These levels were unaffected by OS treatment under both normal and hyperglycemic conditions. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the hexane extract of OS elevates insulin mRNA expression and prevents glucotoxicity induced by a 3-day treatment with HG. This was associated with the activation of PI-3K and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Keun Son
- Yeungnam University College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Chae H, Gilon P. Can Tea Extracts Exert a Protective Effect Against Diabetes by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Decreasing Glucotoxicity in Pancreatic β-Cells? Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:27-30. [PMID: 25729709 PMCID: PMC4342533 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Chae
- Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Saidan NH, Aisha AFA, Hamil MSR, Majid AMSA, Ismail Z. A novel reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for standardization of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:23-31. [PMID: 25598631 PMCID: PMC4285645 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant which has been used in treating various ailments such as kidney diseases, bladder inflammation, arthritis and diabetes. The leaves contain high concentration of phenolic compounds, thus, rosmarinic acid (RA), 3’-hydroxy-5, 6, 7, 4’-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), sinensetin (SIN) and eupatorin (EUP) were chosen as a marker compounds for standardization of various O. stamineus leaf extracts. Objective: The aim was to develop and validate a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantification of 4 marker compounds (RA, TMF, SIN, EUP) in various O. stamineus leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: The method was developed and validated using RP-HPLC-diode-array detection at 320 nm for accuracy, precision and limits of detection and was applied for quantification of it markers in five different extracts prepared in solvents with increasing polarity, using a gradient mobile phase 0.1% formic acid: Acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 ml/min on reverse phase acclaim polar advantage II C18 column (3 μm, 3 × 150 mm) with 18 min separation time. Results: The developed method provided satisfactory precision, and the accuracy of this method was in the range of 90.2% to 105.5%. All of 4 compounds showed good linearity at R2 > 0.999. Conclusion: The developed method is a simple, cost effective with shorter run time (18 min) in comparison to previous methods (30 min) and utilization of environmental-friendly solvents system. Therefore, this method has the potential to replace currently used methods in the routine standardization work of O. stamineus extracts, raw materials and its commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hafizoh Saidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdalrahim F A Aisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan Hamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zhari Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Pan Y, Tiong KH, Abd-Rashid BA, Ismail Z, Ismail R, Mak JW, Ong CE. In vitro effect of important herbal active constituents on human cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity. PHYTOMEDICINE 2014; 21:1645-50. [PMID: 25442272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate eight herbal active constituents (andrographolide, asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid, eupatorin, sinensetin, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid) on their potential inhibitory effects on human cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity. A fluorescence-based enzyme assay was performed by co-incubating human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 with its selective probe substrate, 3-cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin (CEC), in the absence or presence of various concentrations of herbal active constituents. The metabolite (cyano-hydroxycoumarin) formed was subsequently measured in order to obtain IC50 values. The results indicated that only eupatorin and sinensetin moderately inhibited CYP1A2 with IC50 values of 50.8 and 40.2 μM, while the other active compounds did not significantly affect CYP1A2 activity with IC50 values more than 100 μM. Ki values further determined for eupatorin and sinensetin were 46.4 and 35.2 μM, respectively. Our data indicated that most of the investigated herbal constituents have negligible CYP1A2 inhibitory effect. In vivo studies however may be warranted to ascertain the inhibitory effect of eupatorin and sinensetin on CYP1A2 activity in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kai Hung Tiong
- School of Medical Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Amini Abd-Rashid
- Herbal Medicine Research Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Ismail
- Herbal Medicine Research Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rusli Ismail
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Universiti Malaya, Level 17 Wisma R&D, Jalan Pantai Baru, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- School of Medical Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Eng Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Pang SF, Yusoff MM, Gimbun J. Assessment of phenolic compounds stability and retention during spray drying of Orthosiphon stamineus extracts. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Umar MI, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Majid AMSA, Al-Suede FSR, Hassan LEA, Altaf R, Ahamed MBK. Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate isolated from Kaempferia galanga inhibits inflammation by suppressing interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and angiogenesis by blocking endothelial functions. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:134-44. [PMID: 24519205 PMCID: PMC3912339 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(02)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate isolated from Kaempferia galanga. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate were assessed using the cotton pellet granuloma assay in rats, whereby the levels of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in the animals' blood. In addition, the levels of interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, and nitric oxide were measured in vitro using the human macrophage cell line (U937). The analgesic effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate were assessed by the tail flick assay in rats. The anti-angiogenic effects were evaluated first by the rat aortic ring assay and, subsequently, by assessing the inhibitory effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate on vascular endothelial growth factor, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. RESULTS Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate strongly inhibited granuloma tissue formation in rats. It prolonged the tail flick time in rats by more than two-fold compared with the control animals. The inhibition of interleukin and tumor necrosis factor by ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate was significant in both in vivo and in vitro models; however, only a moderate inhibition of nitric oxide was observed in macrophages. Furthermore, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate considerably inhibited microvessel sprouting from the rat aorta. These mechanistic studies showed that ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate strongly inhibited the differentiation and migration of endothelial cells, which was further confirmed by the reduced level of vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSION Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate exhibits significant anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis, thus inhibiting the main functions of endothelial cells. Thus, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ihtisham Umar
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amirin Sadikun
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Fouad Saleih R Al-Suede
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Loiy Elsir Ahmed Hassan
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rabia Altaf
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
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Antioxidant and toxicity studies of 50% methanolic extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:351602. [PMID: 24490155 PMCID: PMC3899703 DOI: 10.1155/2013/351602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity and potential toxicity of 50% methanolic extract of Orthosiphon stamineus (Lamiaceae) leaves (MEOS) after acute and subchronic administration in rats. Superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and ferrous ion chelating methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the extract. In acute toxicity study, single dose of MEOS, 5000 mg/kg, was administered to rats by oral gavage, and the treated rats were monitored for 14 days. While in the subchronic toxicity study, MEOS was administered orally, at doses of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. From the results, MEOS showed good superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, and antilipid peroxidation activities. There was no mortality detected or any signs of toxicity in acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in bodyweight, relative organ weight, and haematological and biochemical parameters between both male and female treated rats in any doses tested. No abnormality of internal organs was observed between treatment and control groups. The oral lethal dose determined was more than 5000 mg/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of MEOS for both male and female rats is considered to be 5000 mg/kg per day.
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Ravishankar D, Rajora AK, Greco F, Osborn HM. Flavonoids as prospective compounds for anti-cancer therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2821-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae): Botanical Properties, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:340215. [PMID: 23935661 PMCID: PMC3712223 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are 230 to 240 known Bidens species. Among them, Bidens pilosa is a representative perennial herb, globally distributed across temperate and tropical regions. B. pilosa has been traditionally used in foods and medicines without obvious adverse effects. Despite significant progress in phytochemical and biological analyses of B. pilosa over the past few years, comprehensive and critical reviews of this plant are anachronistic or relatively limited in scope. The present review aims to summarize up-to-date information on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of B. pilosa from the literature. In addition to botanical studies and records of the traditional use of B. pilosa in over 40 diseases, scientific studies investigating the potential medicinal uses of this species and its constituent phytochemicals for a variety of disorders are presented and discussed. The structure, bioactivity, and likely mechanisms of action of B. pilosa and its phytochemicals are emphasized. Although some progress has been made, further rigorous efforts are required to investigate the individual compounds isolated from B. pilosa to understand and validate its traditional uses and develop clinical applications. The present review provides preliminary information and gives guidance for further basic and clinical research into this plant.
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Choi YJ, Park SY, Kim JY, Won KC, Kim BR, Son JK, Lee SH, Kim YW. Combined treatment of betulinic acid, a PTP1B inhibitor, with Orthosiphon stamineus extract decreases body weight in high-fat-fed mice. J Med Food 2012; 16:2-8. [PMID: 23256448 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin resistance is a common feature of obesity and is accompanied by hyperleptinemia. Although leptin sensitizers improve leptin resistance, they also decrease plasma leptin levels that attenuate the leptin-associated antiobesity effect. We hypothesized that the combinational treatment of leptin sensitizer and endogenous leptin expression stimulant would synergistically induce an antiobesity effect in high-fat-fed obese animals. Betulinic acid (BA) isolated from Saussurea lappa suppressed the hypothalamic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in mice and enhanced the antiobesity effect of leptin in obese rats. Ethanol extract of Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) induced leptin expressions in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice in a dose-dependent manner. To evaluate our hypothesis, we treated obese mice induced by 6 weeks of high-fat-diet feeding with BA and OS for 2 weeks. Although BA or OS alone did not decrease body weight in obese mice, the combinational treatment of BA and OS decreased body weight significantly compared to either BA- or OS-treated obese mice. These results suggest that combinational treatment of BA and OS would be effective for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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