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Tchamgoue J, Tchokokam YRW, Ngouonpe AW, Ngandjui YAT, Tiani GLM, Msagati TAM, Ngadjui BT, Green IR, Kouam SF. The genus Canthium: A comprehensive summary on its traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105754. [PMID: 37992781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Canthium Lam. is a genus of flowering plants of the Rubiaceae family with about 80-102 species mainly distributed in Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa. The genus is closely related to Keetia E. Phillips and Psydrax Gaertn. and plants of this genus are used in folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, worms, leucorrhoea, constipation, snake bites, diabetes, hypertension, venereal diseases, and malaria. The present review covers a period of 52 years of biological and chemical investigations into the genus Canthium and has resulted in the isolation of about 96 secondary metabolites and several reported biological properties. For the Rubiaceae family, iridoids were reported as being the chemotaxonomic markers of this genus (∼25%). Other reported classes of compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, cyanogenic glycosides, coumarins, sugar alcohols, lignans, triterpenoids, and benzoquinones. The main reported pharmacological properties of most species of this genus include antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and antimicrobial activities with the latter being the most prominent. Considering the diversity of compounds reported from plants of this genus and their wide range of biological activities, it is considered to be worthy to further investigate them for the discovery of potentially new and cost effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tchamgoue
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yvan Romuald W Tchokokam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alain W Ngouonpe
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Yvan Anderson T Ngandjui
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; College of Science Engineering and Technology, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gesquière Laure M Tiani
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Fundamental Science, University Institute for Wood Technology Mbalmayo, P.O. Box 306, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- College of Science Engineering and Technology, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Mouafon IL, Tiani GLM, Mountessou BYG, Lateef M, Ali MS, Green IR, Ngadjui BT, Kouam SF. Chemical constituents of the medicinal plant Indigofera spicata Forsk (Fabaceae) and their chemophenetic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bekono BD, Ntie-Kang F, Onguéné PA, Lifongo LL, Sippl W, Fester K, Owono LCO. The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019. Malar J 2020; 19:183. [PMID: 32423415 PMCID: PMC7236213 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background African Traditional Medicine (ATM) is used for the healthcare of about 80% of the rural populations of the continent of Africa. The practices of ATM make use of plant-products, which are known to contain plant-based secondary metabolites or natural products (NPs), likely to play key roles in drug discovery, particularly as lead compounds. For various reasons, including resistance of strains of Plasmodium to known anti-malarial drugs, local African populations often resort to plant-based treatments and/or a combination of this and standard anti-malarial regimens. Emphasis has been laid in this review to present the anti-malarial virtue of the most recently published phytochemicals or natural products, which have been tested by in vitro and in vivo assays. Methods The data was based on the current version of the African Compound Libraries, which are constantly being updated based on inputs from journal articles and student theses (M.Sc/Ph.D) from African University libraries. Emphasis was laid on data published after 2012. In order to carry out the original data collection, currently being included in the African Compounds Database, individual journal websites were queried using the country names in Africa as search terms. Over 40,000 articles “hits” were originally retrieved, then reduced to about 9000 articles. The retained articles/theses was further queried with the search terms “malaria”, “malarial”, “plasmodium”, “plasmodial” and a combination of them, resulting in over 500 articles. Those including compounds with anti-malarial activities for which the measured activities fell within the established cut off values numbered 55, which were all cited in the review as relevant references. Results and discussion Pure compounds derived from African medicinal plants with demonstrated anti-malarial/antiplasmodial properties with activities ranging from “very active” to “weakly active” have been discussed. The majority of the 187 natural products were terpenoids (30%), followed by flavonoids (22%), alkaloids (19%) and quinones (15%), with each of the other compound classes being less than 5% of the entire compound collection. It was also observed that most of the plant species from which the compounds were identified were of the families Rubiaceae, Meliaceae and Asphodelaceae. The review is intended to continue laying the groundwork for an African-based anti-malarial drug discovery project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris D Bekono
- Department of Physics, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 , Dresden, Germany.
| | - Pascal Amoa Onguéné
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Wood Technology Mbalmayo, University of Yaoundé I, BP 50, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L Lifongo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karin Fester
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences, Theodor-Körner-Allee 16, 02763, Zittau, Germany
| | - Luc C O Owono
- Department of Physics, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Ngouonpe AW, Mbobda ASW, Happi GM, Mbiantcha M, Tatuedom OK, Ali MS, Lateef M, Tchouankeu JC, Kouam SF. Natural products from the medicinal plant Duguetia staudtii (Annonaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Plant-Derived Anticancer Agents: Lessons from the Pharmacology of Geniposide and Its Aglycone, Genipin. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020039. [PMID: 29587429 PMCID: PMC6027249 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, plants have been exploited by mankind as sources of numerous cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Good examples of anticancer compounds of clinical significance today include the taxanes (e.g., taxol), vincristine, vinblastine, and the podophyllotoxin analogues that all trace their origin to higher plants. While all these drugs, along with the various other available therapeutic options, brought some relief in cancer management, a real breakthrough or cure has not yet been achieved. This critical review is a reflection on the lessons learnt from decades of research on the iridoid glycoside geniposide and its aglycone, genipin, which are currently used as gold standard reference compounds in cancer studies. Their effects on tumour development (carcinogenesis), cancer cell survival, and death, with particular emphasis on their mechanisms of actions, are discussed. Particular attention is also given to mechanisms related to the dual pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of these compounds, the mitochondrial mechanism of cancer cell killing through reactive oxygen species (ROS), including that generated through the uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), the inflammatory mechanism, and cell cycle regulation. The implications of various studies for the evaluation of glycosidic and aglycone forms of natural products in vitro and in vivo through pharmacokinetic scrutiny are also addressed.
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Chaipukdee N, Kanokmedhakul K, Kanokmedhakul S, Lekphrom R, Pyne SG. Two new bioactive iridoids from Rothmannia wittii. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:97-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martins D, Nunez CV. Secondary metabolites from Rubiaceae species. Molecules 2015; 20:13422-95. [PMID: 26205062 PMCID: PMC6331836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes some characteristics of the Rubiaceae family pertaining to the occurrence and distribution of secondary metabolites in the main genera of this family. It reports the review of phytochemical studies addressing all species of Rubiaceae, published between 1990 and 2014. Iridoids, anthraquinones, triterpenes, indole alkaloids as well as other varying alkaloid subclasses, have shown to be the most common. These compounds have been mostly isolated from the genera Uncaria, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Ophiorrhiza and Morinda. The occurrence and distribution of iridoids, alkaloids and anthraquinones point out their chemotaxonomic correlation among tribes and subfamilies. From an evolutionary point of view, Rubioideae is the most ancient subfamily, followed by Ixoroideae and finally Cinchonoideae. The chemical biosynthetic pathway, which is not so specific in Rubioideae, can explain this and large amounts of both iridoids and indole alkaloids are produced. In Ixoroideae, the most active biosysthetic pathway is the one that produces iridoids; while in Cinchonoideae, it produces indole alkaloids together with other alkaloids. The chemical biosynthetic pathway now supports this botanical conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Martins
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology and Innovation Coordenation, National Research Institute of Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Veronica Nunez
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology and Innovation Coordenation, National Research Institute of Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil.
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Happi GM, Kouam SF, Talontsi FM, Lamshöft M, Zühlke S, Bauer JO, Strohmann C, Spiteller M. Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from the Bark of the Cameroonian Medicinal Plant Entandrophragma congoënse. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:604-614. [PMID: 25871440 DOI: 10.1021/np5004164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eight new triterpenoids, prototiamins A-G (1-6, 9) and seco-tiaminic acid A (10), were isolated along with four known compounds from the bark of Entandrophragma congoënse. Their structures were elucidated by means of HRMS and different NMR techniques and chemical transformations. Assignments of relative and absolute configurations for the new compounds were achieved using NOESY experiments and by chemical modification including the advanced Mosher's method. Additionally, the structure and relative configuration of compound 3 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 displayed significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the erythrocytic stages of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54. Prototiamin C (3) was the most potent of the compounds isolated, with an IC50 value of 0.44 μM. All compounds tested showed low cytotoxicity for the L6 rat skeletal myoblast cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Mouthé Happi
- †Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- ‡Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simeon Fogue Kouam
- †Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ferdinand Mouafo Talontsi
- ‡Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc Lamshöft
- ‡Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zühlke
- ‡Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonathan O Bauer
- §Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- §Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Spiteller
- ‡Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Happi GM, Kouam SF, Talontsi FM, Zühlke S, Lamshöft M, Spiteller M. Minor secondary metabolites from the bark of Entandrophragma congoënse (Meliaceae). Fitoterapia 2015; 102:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Quinoxalines as potent selective CRFRs ligands for monitoring and brain diagnostic. Bioorg Chem 2014; 58:53-64. [PMID: 25437530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper highlighted quinoxalines as potent ligands to corticotropin-releasing factor receptor types 1 and 2. The content includes design and structure-activity relationship of 50 model substances to CRFR1, CRFR2α and CRF2β, respectively. It is important to bear in mind, that our concept has based on challenging research task, designing for selective CRFRs ligands. Because,: (i) These macromolecules can bond more than one ligand, thus causing for a distinct physiological response; (ii) CRFRs also participate readily in protein-protein interactions; (iii) CRFRs have two step activation mechanism and; (iv) CRFR1 has low selectivity. In spite of, numerous research efforts, which have been devoted to the isolation of series peptidic and non-peptidic CRFRs agonists, the poor penetration across blood-brain barrier restricts, their wide application in the clinical practice. Furthermore, the biological role of CRFR2 is not yet fully understood. For that reason, the studies of the structure-activity relationship have significant impact in the field. The great advantages of quinoxalines as prospective ligands are based on their: (a) One-step synthetic road, using mild experimental conditions and, allowing to involve various functional groups in the molecular scaffold as well as good-to-excellent yields, employing Fischer and Hinsberg methods; (b) High selectivity to CRFRs sub-types and; (c) Tunable fluorescence emission within the frame of a large scale of the electromagnetic spectrum ∈ 500-700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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Kouam SF, Ngouonpe AW, Lamshöft M, Talontsi FM, Bauer JO, Strohmann C, Ngadjui BT, Laatsch H, Spiteller M. Indolosesquiterpene alkaloids from the Cameroonian medicinal plant Polyalthia oliveri (Annonaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 105:52-59. [PMID: 25039009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The stem bark of Polyalthia oliveri was screened for its chemical constituents using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry resulting in the isolation of three indolosesquiterpene alkaloids named 8α-polyveolinone (1), N-acetyl-8α-polyveolinone (2) and N-acetyl-polyveoline (3), together with three known compounds, dehydro-O-methylisopiline (4), N-methylurabaine (5) and polycarpol (6). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of high resolution mass spectrometry and different NMR techniques and chemical transformations. Their absolute configurations were assigned by ab-initio calculation of CD and ORD data (for 2 and 3) and X-ray diffraction analysis (for 2). Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stages of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 strain and low cytotoxicity on rat skeletal myoblast (L6) cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Fogue Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Alain Wembe Ngouonpe
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marc Lamshöft
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Mouafo Talontsi
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonathan O Bauer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Laatsch
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August University, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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