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Pang LW, Hamzah S, Tan SLJ, Mah SH, Yow HY. The Effects and Mechanisms of Xanthones in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3485-3511. [PMID: 37578655 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthones are natural secondary metabolites that possess great potential as neuroprotective agents due to their prominent biological effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their underlying mechanisms in AD remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the effects and mechanisms of xanthones in cell culture and animal studies, gaining a better understanding of their roles in AD. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Medline and Scopus databases using specific keywords to identify relevant articles published up to June 2023. After removing duplicates, all articles were imported into the Rayyan software. The article titles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant full-text articles were assessed for biases using the OHAT tool. The results were presented in tables. Xanthones have shown various pharmacological effects towards AD from the 21 preclinical studies included. Cell culture studies demonstrated the anti-cholinesterase activity of xanthones, which protects against the loss of acetylcholine. Xanthones exhibited neuroprotective effects by promoting cell viability, reducing the accumulation of β-amyloid and tau aggregation. The administration of xanthones in animal models resulted in a reduction in neuronal inflammation by decreasing microglial and astrocyte burden. In terms of molecular mechanisms, xanthones prevented neuroinflammation through the modulation of signaling pathways, including TLR4/TAK1/NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Mechanisms such as activation of caspase-3 and -9 and suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress were also reported. Despite the various neuroprotective effects associated with xanthones, there are limited studies reported on their underlying mechanisms in AD. Further studies are warranted to fully understand their potential roles in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Hamzah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sui Ling Janet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Yin Yow
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kim JY, Li ZP, Lee G, Kim JH, Shah AB, Lee YH, Park KH. Investigation of bacterial neuraminidase inhibition of xanthones bearing geranyl and prenyl groups from Cratoxylum cochinchinense. Front Chem 2023; 11:1245071. [PMID: 37621851 PMCID: PMC10445491 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1245071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The root of Cratoxylum cochinchinense has been widely used as Chinese folk medicine to cure fevers, burns, and abdominal complications because it contains various bioactive metabolites such as xanthones, triterpenes, and flavonoids. In this study, we estimated bacterial neuraminidase inhibition with a series of xanthones from C. cochinchinense. BNA has connected to various biological functions such as pathogenic bacteria infection inflammatory process after infection and biofilm formation. Methods: The identification of xanthones (1-6) bearing geranyl and prenyl groups was established by spectroscopic data using UV, IR, NMR, and HREIMS. BNA inhibitory modes of isolated xanthones were investigated by Double-reciprocal plots. Moreover, the competitive inhibitor was evaluated the additional kinetic modes determined by kinetic parameters (k 3, k 4, and K i app). The molecular docking (MD) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) studies also provided the critical information regarding the role of the geranyl and prenyl groups against BNA inhibition. Results: A series of xanthones (1-6) appended prenyl and geranyl groups on the A-ring were isolated, and compounds 1-3 were shown to be new xanthones. The analogues within this series were highly inhibited with excellent affinity against bacterial neuraminidase (BNA). A subtle change in the prenyl or geranyl motif affected the inhibitory potency and behavior significantly. For example, the inhibitory potency and binding affinity resulting from the geranyl group on C4: xanthone 1 (IC50 = 0.38 μM, KA = 2.4434 × 105 L·mol-1) were 100-fold different from those of xanthone 3 (IC50 = 35.8 μM, KA = 0.0002 × 105 L·mol-1). The most potent compound 1 was identified as a competitive inhibitor which interacted with BNA under reversible slow-binding inhibition: K i app = 0.1440 μM, k 3 = 0.1410 μM-1s-1, and k 4 = 0.0203 min-1. The inhibitory potencies (IC50) were doubly confirmed by the binding affinities (KA). Discussion: This study suggests the potential of xanthones derived from C. cochinchinense as promising candidates for developing novel BNA inhibitors. Further research and exploration of these xanthones may contribute to the development of effective treatments for bacterial infections and inflammatory processes associated with BNA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zuo Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Gihwan Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Bari Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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An H, Thanh LN, Khanh LQ, Ryu SH, Lee S, Yeon SW, Lee HH, Turk A, Lee KY, Hwang BY, Lee MK. Characterization of Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Compounds of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum and Optimization of Extraction Condition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020511. [PMID: 36830069 PMCID: PMC9952466 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum (Kurz.) Gogel (Guttiferae), called kuding tea, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. In this study, the constituents and biological activity of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum were investigated. Extract of its leaves, roots and stems showed antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Interestingly, comparison of the metabolite profiles of leaves, roots and stems of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum by LC-MS analysis showed a great difference between the roots and leaves, whereas the roots and stems were quite similar. Purification of the roots and leaves of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum through various chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of 25 compounds. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as 18 xanthones, 5 flavonoids, a benzophenone and a phenolic compound. Among them, a xanthone (16) and a benzophenone (19) were first reported from nature. Evaluation of biological activity revealed that xanthones had a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while flavonoids were responsible for the antioxidant activity. To maximize the biological activity, yield and total phenolic content of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum, extraction conditions such as extraction solvent, time and temperature were optimized using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data, and the optimal condition was obtained as MeOH concentration in EtOAc, 88.1%; extraction time, 6.02 h; and extraction temperature 60.0 °C. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity, yield and total phenolic content under the optimal condition were found to be 72.2% inhibition, 10.3% and 163.9 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. These results provide useful information about C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum as functional foods for oxidative stress-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon An
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Nguyen Thanh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Technology, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Le Quoc Khanh
- Hatinh Pharmaceutical Company (HADIPHAR), Ha Tinh 45000, Vietnam
| | - Se Hwan Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Solip Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Yeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman Turk
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 47236, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-261-2818
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Phang YL, Liu S, Zheng C, Xu H. Recent advances in the synthesis of natural products containing the phloroglucinol motif. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1766-1802. [PMID: 35762867 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: June 2009 to 2021Natural products containing a phloroglucinol motif include simple and oligomeric phloroglucinols, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, phloroglucinol-terpenes, xanthones, flavonoids, and coumarins. These compounds represent a major class of secondary metabolites which exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties. A number of these compounds have been authorized for therapeutic use or are currently being studied in clinical trials. Their structural diversity and utility in both traditional and conventional medicine have made them popular synthetic targets over the years. In this review, we compile and summarise the recent synthetic approaches to the natural products bearing a phloroglucinol motif. Focus has been given on ingenious strategies to functionalize the phloroglucinol moiety at multiple positions. The isolation and bioactivities of the compounds are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lin Phang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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5
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Chemopreventive Effect of Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) ssp. pruniflorum on Initial Stage Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144235. [PMID: 34299510 PMCID: PMC8305054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogelein (CP) is an indigenous plant found mainly in southeast Asia. Several in vitro studies have confirmed its activity against hepatocellular carcinoma; however, in vivo studies of the effect of CP on liver cancer are needed. This study investigated the effect of CP on early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis in rat liver when using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as a carcinogen. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect (a) upregulation of glutathione S-transferase placental (GST-P) positive foci, (b) the proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA, and (c) apoptotic cells in the liver as indicators of early-stage carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical parameters were observed in rats given CP orally following DEN injection. Rats given DEN presented overexpression of GST-P positive foci, PCNA, and apoptotic cells, indicating the formation of cancerous tissues, and these effects were diminished by CP treatment. CP thus inhibited hepatocarcinogenic effects in an animal model. These results could help plan further in vivo studies and support the use of CP to prevent processes that promote the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.
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Arsakit K, Thongchuai B, Sedlak S, Surapinit S. Assessment of the anti-diabetic potential of the Cratoxylum formosum subsp. formosum extracts via carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2020.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This research aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the extracts from different parts of Cratoxylum formosum subsp. formosum.Methods: The in vitro inhibitory activities of the hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts from the flowers, leaves, roots and stems on pancreatic α-amylase (pAA), Saccharomyces α-glucosidase (SAG), rat intestinal maltase (rIM), and sucrase (rIS) were investigated. Results: The DCM and EtOAc extracts from the flowers (IC50 5.4 ± 1.5 and 10.5 ± 0.6 µg/mL) displayed the similar inhibitory activities as acarbose (IC50 7.2 ± 0.4 µg/mL) in the pAA assay. The inhibitory activities of the DCM and EtOAc extracts from the flowers (IC50 56.7 ± 8.9 and 20.4 ± 0.4 µg/mL), EtOAc extract from leaves (IC50 45.0 ± 3.5 µg/mL), DCM and EtOAc extracts from roots (IC50 35.0 ± 6.7 and 16.7± 3.6 µg/mL), and EtOAc extract from stems (IC50 31.1 ± 7.3 µg/mL) were more potent than acarbose (IC50 431.4 ± 16.7 µg/mL) on SAG inhibitory assay (P<0.05). In the rIM assay, DCM and EtOAc extracts from the flowers (IC50 8.5 ± 0.2 and 12.4 ± 0.3 µg/mL) exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than acarbose (IC50 38.5 ± 7.2 µg/mL) (P<0.05). Moreover, the inhibitory activity of DCM extract from the flowers (IC50 16.9 ± 1.5 µg/ mL) was comparable to the acarbose (IC50 15.5 ± 1.2 µg/mL) on rIS assay. Conclusion: The DCM and EtOAc extracts from the flowers were more active than the leaves, roots and stems in the inhibition of our defined target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornkanok Arsakit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Benchaluk Thongchuai
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sutthira Sedlak
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Serm Surapinit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Son NT. A Mini-review of the Tropical Plant Cratoxylum fomosum ssp. pruniflorum: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190902111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tropical plant C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum belongs to family Clusiaceae, which is
native to Southeast Asia countries. Phytochemical investigations on this plant showed interesting secondary
metabolites, comprising the main classes of xanthones, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolics,
and triterpenoids. Biological assessments established the wide spectrum of properties, either the extracts
or isolated compounds have been becoming valuable resources, constituents from C. formosum
ssp. pruniflorum were used for anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, or neuroprotective and
vascular protective activities. The long history of traditional application has confirmed the prospect in
use, this herbal plant was consumed as a combination tea or to treat skin wound healing, fever, cough,
ulcer, diarrhea, internal bleeding, stomachic and diuretic effects, and food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh The Son
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Hu CL, Xiong J, Xu P, Cheng KJ, Yang GX, Hu JF. Lignans from the shed trunk barks of the critically endangered plant Abies beshanzuensis and their anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1358-1364. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1247082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ling Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xun Yang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Wu XY, Xiong J, Liu XH, Hu JF. Chemical Constituents of the Rare Cliff PlantOresitrophe rupifragaand Their Antineuroinflammatory Activity. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1030-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ying Wu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
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Ma GL, Xiong J, Yang GX, Pan LL, Hu CL, Wang W, Fan H, Zhao QH, Zhang HY, Hu JF. Biginkgosides A-I, Unexpected Minor Dimeric Flavonol Diglycosidic Truxinate and Truxillate Esters from Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Their Antineuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1354-64. [PMID: 27140807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nine unexpected new flavonol glycoside cyclodimers in the truxinate (1-7, biginkgosides A-G, respectively) or truxillate [biginkgosides H (8) and I (9)] forms were isolated as minor components from the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The new dimers possess an unusual cyclobutane ring formed by a [2+2]-cycloaddition between two symmetric (for compounds 1-5 and 7-9) or nonsymmetric (for 6) flavonol coumaroyl glucorhamnosides. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for these new compounds based on the frontier molecular orbital theory of cycloaddition reactions is briefly discussed. An antineuroinflammatory screening revealed that biginkgosides E (5) and H (8) inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglial cells, with IC50 values of 2.91 and 17.23 μM, respectively. Additionally, biginkgoside F (6) showed a significant neuroprotective effect (34.3% increase in cell viability at 1 μM) against Aβ25-35-induced cell viability decrease in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hua Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Luo XL, Liu SY, Wang LJ, Zhang QY, Xu P, Pan LL, Hu JF. A tetramethoxychalcone from Chloranthus henryi suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglia. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 774:135-43. [PMID: 26852953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation underlies the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. 2׳-hydroxy-4,3׳,4׳,6׳-tetramethoxychalcone (HTMC) is a known chalcone derivative isolated from Chloranthus henryi with anti-inflammatory activities in BV2 macrophages. However, its pharmacological effects on microglial cells have not been demonstrated. To this end, we examined the effects of HTMC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. HTMC concentration-dependently inhibited LPS-induced expression of inflammatory enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO) production, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. In addition, HTMC inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by reducing NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 and Nox4 expression. In addition, HTMC interfered LPS-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK) phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. By inhibiting phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Jun, HTMC suppressed LPS-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation. Taken together, our data indicate that HTMC suppresses inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by modulating JNK-AP-1 and NADPH oxidases-ROS pathways. HTMC represents a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative and related aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Xiong J, Huang Y, Wu XY, Liu XH, Fan H, Wang W, Zhao Y, Yang GX, Zhang HY, Hu JF. Chemical Constituents from the Fermented Mycelia of the Medicinal FungusXylaria nigripes. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Wang LJ, Xiong J, Lau C, Pan LL, Hu JF. Sesquiterpenoids and further diterpenoids from the rare Chloranthaceae plant Chloranthus sessilifolius. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:1220-1230. [PMID: 26652052 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1118622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new dimeric lindenane-type sesquiterpenoids (1 and 2, named chlorasessilifols A and B, resp.), one new ent-podocarpane-type C17 norditerpenoid (3), and one new ent-torarane-type diterpenoid (4), along with seven known terpenoids, were isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus sessilifolius. The new structures were established by means of spectroscopic methods and/or observed cotton effects in the circular dichroism spectra. Among the isolates, 3α,7β-dihydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-triene (11) exhibited significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity by inhibiting the nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine BV-2 microglial cells, with an IC50 value of 4.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Juan Xiong
- a School of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Choiwan Lau
- b School of Pharmacy, Instrumental Analysis Center , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- c School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- a School of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
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Promraksa B, Daduang J, Chaiyarit P, Tavichakorntrakool R, Khampitak T, Rattanata N, Tangrassameeprasert R, Boonsiri P. Cytotoxicity of Cratoxylum Formosum Subsp. Pruniflorum Gogel Extracts in Oral Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7155-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Promraksa B, Daduang J, Khampitak T, Tavichakorntrakool R, Koraneekit A, Palasap A, Tangrassameeprasert R, Boonsiri P. Anticancer Potential of Cratoxylum formosum Subsp. Pruniflorum (Kurz.) Gogel Extracts Against Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6117-21. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
Medicinal plants have been the main remedy to treat various ailments for a long time and nowadays, many drugs have been developed from traditional medicine. This paper reviews some medicinal plants and their main constituents which possess anti-inflammatory activities useful for curing joint inflammation, inflammatory skin disorders, cardiovascular inflammation and other inflammatory diseases. Here, we provide a brief overview of quick and easy reading on the role of medicinal plants and their main constituents in these inflammatory diseases. We hope that this overview will shed some light on the function of these natural anti-inflammatory compounds and attract the interest of investigators aiming at the design of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maione
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples, Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Rosa Russo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples, Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- b Department of Pharmacy , Abdul Wali Khan University of Mardan , Mardan , Pakistan
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples, Federico II , Naples , Italy
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17
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Wang LJ, Xiong J, Liu ST, Pan LL, Yang GX, Hu JF. ent-Abietane-Type and Related Seco-/Nor-diterpenoids from the Rare Chloranthaceae Plant Chloranthus sessilifolius and Their Antineuroinflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1635-1646. [PMID: 26126961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen new ent-abietane-type diterpenoids, sessilifols A-N (1-14), and three related new norditerpenoids (15-17) were isolated from Chloranthus sessilifolius. The absolute configurations were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, the modified Mosher's method, and/or the observed Cotton effects in their electronic circular dichroism spectra. Sessilifols A (1) and B (2) possess an uncommon five-membered C-ring rearranged by oxidative cleavage of the C-13/C-14 bond in abieta-7,13-diene followed by the formation of a new C-C bond between C-12 and C-14. Sessilifol C (3) is a rare 7,8-seco-9-spiro-fused ent-abietane, whereas sessilifol O (15) represents the first example of a naturally occurring 14-norabietane-type diterpenoid. Compounds 6 and 9 were found to have moderate antineuroinflammatory activities by inhibiting the nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine BV-2 microglial cells, with IC50 values of 8.3 and 7.4 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- †Department of Natural Products Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiong
- †Department of Natural Products Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- †Department of Natural Products Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- †Department of Natural Products Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xun Yang
- †Department of Natural Products Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- †Department of Natural Products Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ma GL, Yang GX, Xiong J, Cheng WL, Cheng KJ, Hu JF. Salicifoxazines A and B, new cytotoxic tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine-containing tryptamine-derived alkaloids from the leaves of Chimonanthus salicifolius. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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