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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Peterson LA, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Fiume M, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Palm-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:64S-91S. [PMID: 38485254 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241237797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 8 palm tree (Euterpe edulis (juçara) and Euterpe oleracea (açaí))-derived ingredients as used in cosmetic products; these ingredients are reported to function mostly as skin conditioning agents. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities. The Panel concluded that palm tree (açaí and juçara)-derived ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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2
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Wang ZQ, Deng C, Li B, Luo HQ, Hao P, Liu X, Ma JG, Cheng P. Hierarchical surface-modification of nano-Cu toward one pot H-transfer-coupling-cyclization-CO 2 fixation tandem reactions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1957-1963. [PMID: 38348621 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01921g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Fixation of CO2 into dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives has enormous applications in both production of natural products and antidepressant drugs, and reducing the green-house effect. However, the relatively complicated multi-step processes limit the further expansion of such a valuable CO2 conversion strategy. Herein, we hierarchically modify the surface of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) with Ag NPs and the robust metal-organic framework (MOF), ZIF-8, and report the presence of the Cu-Ag yolk-shell nanoalloy based heterogeneous catalysts, Cu@Ag and Cu@Ag@ZIF-8. The latter exhibits a crystalline "raisin bread" structure and specific synergic activity for catalyzing the tandem reactions of intra-molecular H-transfer, C-C and C-O coupling, cyclization, and carboxylation from CO2, leading to the first non-homogeneous preparation of dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives in high yield, selectivity, and recyclability under mild conditions. Theoretical calculations elucidate the tandem reaction pathway synergically catalyzed by Cu@Ag@ZIF-8, which offers insights for designing multiphase catalysts towards both organic synthesis and CO2 fixation through tandem processes in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- College of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030800, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - ChengHua Deng
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Qiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Gong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Thomasi SS, de Benedicto DFC, da Conceição Alves T, Bellete BS, Venâncio T, de Andrade Mattietto R, Ferreira AG. Chemical constituents of açai berry pulp ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) by LC-UV-BPSU/NMR and LC-UV-SPE/NMR. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38613238 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2338805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The techniques LC-UV-BPSU and LC-UV-SPE/NMR were applied for the first time in the analysis of açai berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp extracts. Those techniques allowed the identification of twenty-three metabolites: Valine (1), citric acid (2), tachioside (3), isotachioside (4), α-guaiacylglycerol (5), syringylglycerol (6), uridine (7), adenosine (8), dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (9), koaburaside (10), protocatechuic acid (11), eurycorymboside B (12), 7',8'-dihydroxy-dihydrodehydroconiferyl alcohol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), orientin (14), homoorientin (15), dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside (16), isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), 5'-methoxyisolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (18), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (19), cyandin-3-O-rutenoside (20), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (21), linolenic acid (22), and 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (23). In this plant, compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 18, 21, and 23 are reported for the first time. All the structures were determined through extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR data, mass spectrometry, and comparison with published data. This methodology has proven to be an efficient alternative to the analysis of complex extracts containing a large variety of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiago Venâncio
- Chemistry Departament, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Wang P, Chi J, Guo H, Wang SX, Wang J, Xu EP, Dai LP, Wang ZM. Identification of Differential Compositions of Aqueous Extracts of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052015. [PMID: 36903261 PMCID: PMC10004064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomi ramulus (CR) and Cinnamomi cortex (CC), both sourced from Cinnamomum cassia Presl, are commonly used Chinese medicines in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. However, while CR functions to dissipate cold and to resolve external problems of the body, CC functions to warm the internal organs. To clarify the material basis of these different functions and clinical effects, a simple and reliable UPLC-Orbitrap-Exploris-120-MS/MS method combined with multivariate statistical analyses was established in this study with the aim of exploring the difference in chemical compositions of aqueous extracts of CR and CC. As the results indicated, a total of 58 compounds was identified, including nine flavonoids, 23 phenylpropanoids and phenolic acids, two coumarins, four lignans, four terpenoids, 11 organic acids and five other components. Of these compounds, 26 significant differential compounds were identified statistically including six unique components in CR and four unique components in CC. Additionally, a robust HPLC method combined with hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was developed to simultaneously determine the concentrations and differentiating capacities of five major active ingredients in CR and CC: coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxycinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde. The HCA results showed that these five components could be used as markers for successfully distinguishing CR and CC. Finally, molecular docking analyses were conducted to obtain the affinities between each of the abovementioned 26 differential components, focusing on targets involved in diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The results indicated that the special and high-concentration components in CR showed high docking scores of affinities with targets such as HbA1c and proteins in the AMPK-PGC1-SIRT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that CR has greater potential than CC for treating DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jun Chi
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shun-Xiang Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Er-Ping Xu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Li-Ping Dai
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (L.-P.D.); (Z.-M.W.); Tel.: +86-187-0365-1652 (L.-P.D.)
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (L.-P.D.); (Z.-M.W.); Tel.: +86-187-0365-1652 (L.-P.D.)
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Dapkekar AB, Sreenivasulu C, Kishore DR, Satyanarayana G. Recent Advances Towards the Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofurans and Dihydroisobenzofurans. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Chemistry KandiSangareddy District 502 285 Hyderabad INDIA
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Schulz M, Tischer Seraglio SK, Gonzaga LV, Costa ACO, Fett R. Phenolic Compounds in Euterpe Fruits: Composition, Digestibility, and Stability – A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1909060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Schulz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Valdemiro Gonzaga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira Costa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Roseane Fett
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Study of the active ingredients and mechanism of Sparganii rhizoma in gastric cancer based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1905. [PMID: 33479376 PMCID: PMC7820434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganii rhizoma (SL) has potential therapeutic effects on gastric cancer (GC), but its main active ingredients and possible anticancer mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS to comprehensively analyse the chemical components of the aqueous extract of SL. On this basis, a network pharmacology method incorporating target prediction, gene function annotation, and molecular docking was performed to analyse the identified compounds, thereby determining the main active ingredients and hub genes of SL in the treatment of GC. Finally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the hub genes of GC patients were further analysed by the Oncomine, GEPIA, and HPA databases. A total of 41 compounds were identified from the aqueous extract of SL. Through network
analysis, we identified seven main active ingredients and ten hub genes: acacetin, sanleng acid, ferulic acid, methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethynyl]benzoate, caffeic acid, adenine nucleoside, azelaic acid and PIK3R1, PIK3CA, SRC, MAPK1, AKT1, HSP90AA1, HRAS, STAT3, FYN, and RHOA. The results indicated that SL might play a role in GC treatment by controlling the PI3K-Akt and other signalling pathways to regulate biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis in tumour cells. In conclusion, this study used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS combined with a network pharmacology approach to provide an essential reference for identifying the chemical components of SL and its mechanism of action in the treatment of GC.
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Kandagatla SK, Uhl RT, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Raner GM. Pheophorbide Derivatives Isolated from Açaí Berries ( Euterpea oleracea) Activate an Antioxidant Response Element In Vitro. Nat Prod Commun 2019; 14. [PMID: 33214801 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19852443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation was used to isolate and identify two components of the Brazilian açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) with the ability to induce antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent gene transcription in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Using an ARE-Luciferase reporter construct in cultured HepG2 cells, a suite of fractions from dried and powdered açaí berries were evaluated for transcriptional up-regulation of the luciferase gene. Active fractions were further refined until several pure compounds were isolated and identified. These compounds belong to the pheophorbide class of molecules, and are composed of the methyl and ethyl esters of the parent pheophorbide A, all of which are classified as photosensitizers. Using standard pheophorbides, dose response studies were carried out, and ARE-activation could be observed at concentrations as low as 8.2 μM and 16.9 μM for pheophorbide A methyl ester and pheophorbide A, respectively. These studies not only suggest a possible source of antioxidant properties for the açaí berry, but may also explain the recently identified photosensitizing abilities of açaí products as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel K Kandagatla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Robin Tate Uhl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Gregory M Raner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515
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Borges KR, Rodrigues IV, Pereira LA, Silva GX, Filho WE, Silva MA, Alves RN, Bezerra CR, Rosa IG, Brito LM, Barbosa MC, Zaror LC, Nascimento MD, Bezerra GF. Euterpe oleracea Mart. inhibits virulence factors of Aspergillus fumigatus. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:717-728. [PMID: 31144517 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) presents organic compounds with different pharmacological properties. The aim was to evaluate the bioactivity of the açaí extract on the virulence factors of two strains of Aspergillus fumigatus on abiotic surfaces. Methods: The adhrence and biofilm removal activities of was analyzed by adding 3 ml of the prepared dilutions of the tube extract containing the fragments with adhered fungal structures and formed biofilm. Results: The extract of Euterpe oleraceae Mart. presented adherence and biofilm removal properties of AFAR and AF4091 on abiotic surfaces. Conclusion: The strains were able to adhere and form biofilm on the abiotic surface and Euterpe oleracea Mart. was able to remove the adhered structures and biofilm on the abiotic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Ra Borges
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Igor Vp Rodrigues
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Liwerbeth A Pereira
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Gabriel X Silva
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Walbert Em Filho
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Acn Silva
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rita Ns Alves
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rf Bezerra
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ivone G Rosa
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Luciane Mo Brito
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Cl Barbosa
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Luís C Zaror
- Universidad Mayor de Temuco, Escuela de Tecnología Médica. Av. Alemania 281, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile, 7760197
| | - Maria Dsb Nascimento
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Geusa Fb Bezerra
- Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga. CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Wang W. Meet Our Editorial Board Member. Curr Med Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/092986732540190121113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Director of TCM and Ethomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory Professor in the School of Pharmacy at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine in Changsha, China
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11
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Agostini-Costa TDS. Bioactive compounds and health benefits of some palm species traditionally used in Africa and the Americas - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:202-229. [PMID: 29842962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to previous ethno-medicinal reviews, Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Phoenix dactylifera are among the main palms which are often used on the American and African continents to treat infections, infestations and disorders in the digestive, respiratory, genito-urinary, dermal, endocrine, cardiovascular, muscular-skeletal, mental and neural systems, as well as neoplasms, dental issues and metabolic and nutritional disorders. In addition, one or more species of the wild genera Acrocomia, Areca, Astrocaryum, Attalea, Bactris, Borassus, Calamus, Chamaedorea, Chamaerops, Euterpe, Hyphaene, Mauritia, Oenocarpus and Syagrus have a high number of records of these ethno-medicinal uses. The most used parts of the palm tree are the fruits, followed by roots, seeds, leaves and flower sap. AIM OF THE STUDY This review discusses the phytochemical composition and the pharmacological properties of these important ethno-medicinal palms, aiming to provide a contribution to future research prospects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Significant information was compiled from an electronic search in widely used international scientific databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley on line Library, Scielo, ACS Publications), and additional information was obtained from dissertations, theses, books and other relevant websites. RESULTS Palms, in general, are rich in oils, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Fruits of many species are notable for their high content of healthy oils and fat-soluble bioactive compounds, mainly terpenoids, such as pigment carotenoids (and provitamin A), phytosterols, triterpene pentacyclics and tocols (and vitamin E), while other species stood out for their phenolic compounds derived from benzoic and cinnamic acids, along with flavan-3-ol, flavone, flavonol, and stilbene compounds or anthocyanin pigments. In addition to fruits, other parts of the plant such as seeds, leaves, palm heart, flowers and roots are also sources of many bioactive compounds. These compounds are linked to the ethno-medicinal use of many palms that improve human health against infections, infestations and disorders of human systems. CONCLUSIONS Palms have provided bioactive samples that validate their effectiveness in traditional medicine. However, the intensive study of all palm species related to ethno-medicinal use is needed, along with selection of the most appropriate palm accessions, ripe stage of the fruit and /or part of the plant. Furthermore, the complete profiles of all phytochemicals, their effects on animal models and human subjects, and toxicological and clinical trials are suggested, which, added to the incorporation of improved technological processes, should represent a significant advance for the implementation of new opportunities with wide benefits for human health.
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Benatrehina PA, Pan L, Naman CB, Li J, Kinghorn AD. Usage, biological activity, and safety of selected botanical dietary supplements consumed in the United States. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:267-277. [PMID: 29736381 PMCID: PMC5934707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the continuous growth of the botanical dietary supplement industry and the increased popularity of lesser known or exotic botanicals, recent findings are described on the phytochemical composition and biological activities of five selected fruits consumed in the United States, namely, açaí, noni, mangosteen, black chokeberry, and maqui berry. A review of the ethnomedicinal uses of these plants has revealed some similarities ranging from wound-healing to the treatment of fever and infectious diseases. Laboratory studies on açaí have shown both its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, and more importantly, its neuroprotective properties in animals. Anthraquinones and iridoid glucosides isolated from noni fruit induce the phase II enzyme quinone reductase (QR), and noni fruit juice exhibited antitumor and antidiabetic activities in certain animal models. Antitumorigenic effects of mangosteen in animal xenograft models of human cancers have been attributed to its xanthone content, and pure α-mangostin was shown to display antineoplastic activity in mice despite a reported low oral bioavailability. Work on the less extensively investigated black chokeberry and maqui berry has focused on recent isolation studies and has resulted in the identification of bioactive secondary metabolites with QR-inducing and hydroxyl-radical scavenging properties. On the basis of the safety studies and toxicity case reports described herein, these fruits may be generally considered as safe. However, cases of adulteration found in a commercialized açaí product and some conflicting results from mangosteen safety studies warrant further investigation on the safety of these marketed botanical dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Sarkar D, Sahoo SR. Radical-induced expeditious stereoselective synthesis of 2-alkyl 3-allyl trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans (TADHBs). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1415357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sushree Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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14
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Vien LT, Van QTT, Hanh TTH, Huong PTT, Thuy NTK, Cuong NT, Dang NH, Thanh NV, Cuong NX, Nam NH, Kiem PV, Minh CV. Flavonoid glycosides from Barringtonia acutangula. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3776-3781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hemelaere R, Carreaux F, Carboni B. A Diastereoselective Route totrans-2-Aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans through Sequential Cross-Metathesis/Isomerization/Allylboration Reactions: Synthesis of Bioactive Neolignans. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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