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Hu J, Li GF, Xu FM, Li Q, Lv T, Peng TF, Yin S, Gong W. Antibacterial lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma tsugae. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:541-547. [PMID: 37796245 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2260749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation on the 80% EtOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma tsugae resulted into the isolation of two previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, 7,11-dioxo-3β-acetyloxy-26,27-dihydroxy-lanosta-8,24-diene (1) and 7,20-dioxo-3β-acetyloxy-11β,15α-dihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanorlanosta-8-ene (2), togeher with one known lanostane triterpenoid ganodermanontriol (3). Structural elucidation of all the compounds were performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. All the triterpenoids were in vitro evaluated for their antibacterial activities against six pathogenic microorganisms. Compound 3 exhibited some activities against three Gram positive bacteria with MIC values less than 30 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Hu
- College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Guo-Fen Li
- Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center of Zhanyi, Zhanyi 655331, China
| | - Feng-Ming Xu
- Department of Internal Neurology, The First People Hospital Of Qujing, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Tao Lv
- College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Tian-Feng Peng
- College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Si Yin
- College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of the Food and Drug Inspection, Shenyang Joint Logistics Support Center Drug Instrument Supervision and Inspection Station, Shenyang 110026, China
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Lai CH, Lo HC. Anti-Hyperuricemia Activity and Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushroom Activity: A Review of Preclinical Studies. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:1-12. [PMID: 38884262 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of serum uric acid, the product of purine metabolism. The primary symptom of HUA is gout; however, asymptomatic HUA is associated with complications such as hypertension, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. The activation of xanthine oxidase (XO), a pivotal enzyme in uric acid biosynthesis, is coupled with extensive reactive oxygen species generation, leading to inflammatory responses, and triggers the development of HUA and its complications. In clinical practice, XO inhibitors are primarily used to treat HUA; however, their prolonged use is accompanied by serious adverse effects. Mushrooms and their bioactive constituents have shown promising anti-HUA activities in both in vitro and in vivo studies, including inhibition of urate production, modulation of renal urate transporters, enhancement of intestinal uric acid excretion, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimetabolic syndrome properties. Clinical trials are necessary to validate the beneficial effects and safety of mushrooms in preventing or alleviating HUA and attenuating the associated complications. This review presents contemporary insights into the pathogenesis of HUA, the bioactive components of mushrooms, their therapeutic potential, and the underlying mechanisms involved in ameliorating HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Lai
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Jhongjheng Road, Sinjhuang City, Taipei County 24205, Taiwan
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Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rice Solid-State Fermentation of Ganoderma tsugae against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165347. [PMID: 36014587 PMCID: PMC9416711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma tsugae is well known as a medicinal mushroom in China and many Asian countries, while its fermentation technique and corresponding pharmacological activity are rarely reported. In this study, a wild G. tsugae strain (G42) with high triterpenoid content was screened from nine strains by rice solid-state fermentation, and 53.86 mg/g triterpenoids could be produced under optimized conditions; that is, inoculation amount 20%, fermentation temperature 27 °C, and culture time 45 days. The hepatoprotective activity of G42 ethanol extract was evaluated by CCl4-induced liver injury in mice, in which changes in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), oxidation-related factors, and inflammatory cytokines in serum or liver samples demonstrated the therapeutic effect. In addition, the ethanol extract of G42 reduced the incidence of necrosis and inflammatory infiltration, and decreased protein expression levels of phosphor-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-Iβ (IL-1β), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2). The chemical composition of the ethanol extract was analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry and molecular networking. Three main triterpenoids, namely platycodigenin, cucurbitacin IIb, and ganolecidic acid B were identified. This work provided an optimized fermentation method for G. tsugae, and demonstrated that its fermentation extract might be developed as a functional food with a hepatoprotective effect.
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Luo LS, Wang Y, Dai LJ, He FX, Zhang JL, Zhou Q. Triterpenoid acids from medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) alleviate hyperuricemia and inflammation in hyperuricemic mice: Possible inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase activity. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13932. [PMID: 34528276 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the hypouricemic effect in hyperuricemia mice of triterpenoid acids from Inonotus obliquus (TAIO), and decipher of the underlying xanthine oxidase inhibitory mechanism. Measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity was assayed. Organ indexes and serum biochemical indicators were measured in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice. Studies showed that TAIO had the strong inhibitory effect on XO activity, and its inhibition type was mixed and reversible. In vivo, TAIO decreased efficiently uric acid level, hepatic XO, serum blood urea nitrogen activities in hyperuricemia mice. Indicating that TAIO may ameliorate kidney damage and relieve inflammation in hyperuricemic mice, and had the inhibitory effect on XO activity. Furthermore, eight triterpenoids were identified by Ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. These findings proved that triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus would have potential biological characteristics and effect on controlling hyperuricemia and gout as an active supplement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There are a large amount of evidence indicating that hyperuricemia and gout are related to the hypertension and obesity. And gout and hyperuricemia are also possible connection with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Currently, xanthine oxidase is the target of many kinds of chemical drugs at present, but the therapeutic drugs used in clinical medicine will produce more or less side effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the material basis of effective substances for reducing uric acid in Inonotus obliquus and to evaluate its effect. This study can provide a promising application of Inonotus obliquus in the fields of functional foods or medicines for gout and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Song Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Xia He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiu-Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan City Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu W, Yuan R, Hou A, Tan S, Liu X, Tan P, Huang X, Wang J. Ganoderma triterpenoids attenuate tumour angiogenesis in lung cancer tumour-bearing nude mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1061-1068. [PMID: 33161828 PMCID: PMC7655057 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1839111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. (Polyporaceae) triterpenoids (GLTs), the main components and bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum, have antitumour activity. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of GLTs in lung cancer tumour-bearing nude mice and their potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into four groups: saline control, GLT (1 g/kg/day), gefitinib (GEF, 15 mg/kg/day), and GLT (1 g/kg/day) + GEF (15 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Cell viability was conducted using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The tumour volume, inhibition rate, histopathological, microvessel density (MVD), mRNAs, and proteins were determined. RESULTS GLTs inhibited the cell viability of A549 cells with an IC50 value of 14.38 ± 0.29 mg/L, while the IC50 value of GEF was 10.26 ± 0.47 μmol/L. The tumour inhibition rate in the GLT + GEF group (51.54%) was significantly decreased relative to the saline control… group (p < 0.05). The MVD in the GLT + GEF group (2.9 ± 0.7) was significantly decreased than that in the saline control group (12.8 ± 1.4, p < 0.05). The angiostatin, endostatin, and Bax protein expression in the GLT, GEF, and GLT + GEF groups were significantly increased compared to those in the saline control group, while the VEGFR2 and Bcl-2 protein expression were decreased. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that GLT and GEF combination therapy may be a promising candidate for the treatment of lung cancer and as an experimental basis for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | | | - Aihua Hou
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Song Tan
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Pengcheng Tan
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
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From Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition to In Vivo Hypouricemic Effect: An Integrated Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies with Focus on Natural Molecules and Analogues. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9531725. [PMID: 32184901 PMCID: PMC7060854 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9531725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is characterized by elevated uric acid (UA) levels on blood, which can lead to gout, a common pathology. These high UA levels are associated with increased purine ingestion and metabolization and/or its decreased excretion. In this field, xanthine oxidase (XO), by converting hypoxanthine and xanthine to UA, plays an important role in hyperuricemia control. Based on limitations and adverse effects associated with the use of allopurinol and febuxostat, the most known approved drugs with XO inhibitory effect, the search for new molecules with XO activity is growing. However, despite the high number of studies, it was found that the majority of tested products with relevant XO inhibition were left out, and no further pharmacological evaluation was performed. Thus, in the present review, available information published in the past six years concerning isolated molecules with in vitro XO inhibition complemented with cytotoxicity evaluation as well as other relevant studies, including in vivo hypouricemic effect, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile was compiled. Interestingly, the analysis of data collected demonstrated that molecules from natural sources or their mimetics and semisynthetic derivatives constitute the majority of compounds being explored at the moment by means of in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Therefore, several of these molecules can be useful as lead compounds and some of them can even have the potential to be considered in the future clinical candidates for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Wang H, Zhang R, Song Y, Li T, Ge M. Protective Effect of Ganoderma Triterpenoids on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:281-290. [PMID: 29717433 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that cadmium can cause chicken testicular damage, but a protective effect of Ganoderma triterpenoids on cadmium-induced testicular damage in chickens has not yet been reported. The present study was designed to research the protective effect of Ganoderma triterpenoids on cadmium-induced testicular damage in chicken. Eighty healthy 7-day-old Hyline egg laying chickens were randomly divided into four groups with 20 in each group. The control group was fed with normal full-fodder, the model group was fed with normal full-fodder with 140 mg/kg of CdCl2, the Ganoderma triterpenoid treatment group was fed with a full-fodder diet containing 140 mg/kg of CdCl2 and 0.5 mL of Ganoderma triterpenoid solution (20 mg/mL), and the Ganoderma triterpenoid group was fed normal full-fodder and 0.5 mL of Ganoderma triterpenoid solution (20 mg/mL) gavage. The chickens were euthanized at 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, and the testes were harvested. The changes of cadmium contents, the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)), peroxide (malondialdehyde (MDA)), inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3) were detected. The pathological sections of the testes were made at the same time. The results suggested that Ganoderma triterpenoids could reduce the accumulation of cadmium in testis tissue; reduce the content of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in cadmium poisoning testis; significantly increase the activity of SOD and GSH-Px; decrease the content of MDA; regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2; and reduce the damage of testicular tissue. The results showed that Ganoderma triterpenoids have a protective effect on cadmium-induced testicular injury in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yangyang Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ming Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Satria D, Amen Y, Niwa Y, Ashour A, Allam AE, Shimizu K. Lucidumol D, a new lanostane-type triterpene from fruiting bodies of Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi). Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:189-195. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1440229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dedi Satria
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Sumatera Barat, Bukittinggi Indonesia
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasuharu Niwa
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Allam
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Liu D, Wang D, Yang W, Meng D. Potential anti-gout constituents as xanthine oxidase inhibitor from the fruits of Stauntonia brachyanthera. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3562-3566. [PMID: 28511908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of finding a better xanthine oxidase inhibitor with potential anti-gout properties, the studies on the fruit of Stauntonia brachyanthera were carried out, which led to the isolation of 12 glycosides, including 4 new nor-oleanane triterpenoids. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic (NMR and HR MS) analysis. Two compounds (4 and 11) exhibited significant inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase with IC50 values of 5.22 and 1.60µM, respectively. Another five compounds (1, 2, 3, 8 and 10) showed qualified activities. The results suggested that the existences of nor-oleanane triterpenoids and flavonoids in the fruits were responsible for the inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase that could cut off the production of uric acid. Nor-oleanane triterpenoids, a new leading XO inhibitor, is worthy of further studies on molecular biology level for its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Comparison of multielemental composition of Polish and Chinese mushrooms (Ganoderma spp.). Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Secondary Metabolites from Higher Fungi. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 106 2017; 106:1-201. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59542-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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