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Aversano R, Iovene M, Esposito S, L'Abbate A, Villano C, Di Serio E, Cardone MF, Bergamini C, Cigliano RA, D'Amelia V, Frusciante L, Carputo D. Distinct structural variants and repeat landscape shape the genomes of the ancient grapes Aglianico and Falanghina. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38317087 PMCID: PMC10845522 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence recognizes structural variations (SVs) and repetitive DNA sequences as crucial players in shaping the existing grape phenotypic diversity at intra- and inter-species levels. To deepen our understanding on the abundance, diversity, and distribution of SVs and repetitive DNAs, including transposable elements (TEs) and tandemly repeated satellite DNA (satDNAs), we re-sequenced the genomes of the ancient grapes Aglianico and Falanghina. The analysis of large copy number variants (CNVs) detected candidate polymorphic genes that are involved in the enological features of these varieties. In a comparative analysis of Aglianico and Falanghina sequences with 21 publicly available genomes of cultivated grapes, we provided a genome-wide annotation of grape TEs at the lineage level. We disclosed that at least two main clusters of grape cultivars could be identified based on the TEs content. Multiple TEs families appeared either significantly enriched or depleted. In addition, in silico and cytological analyses provided evidence for a diverse chromosomal distribution of several satellite repeats between Aglianico, Falanghina, and other grapes. Overall, our data further improved our understanding of the intricate grape diversity held by two Italian traditional varieties, unveiling a pool of unique candidate genes never so far exploited in breeding for improved fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
| | - Marina Iovene
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBBR), Portici, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBBR), Portici, Italy
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto L'Abbate
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics, and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IBIOM-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Ermanno Di Serio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cardone
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Turi, Italy
| | - Carlo Bergamini
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Turi, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBBR), Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Romano B, Maresca DC, Somma F, Ahmadi P, Putra MY, Rahmawati SI, Chianese G, Formisano C, Ianaro A, Ercolano G. Ircinia ramosa Sponge Extract (iSP) Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells and Inhibits Melanoma Cell Migration and Invasiveness. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:371. [PMID: 37504902 PMCID: PMC10381260 DOI: 10.3390/md21070371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine compounds represent a varied source of new drugs with potential anticancer effects. Among these, sponges, including those belonging to the Irciniidae family, have been demonstrated to exert cytotoxic effects on different human cancer cells. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the therapeutic effect of an extract (referred as iSP) from the sponge, Ircinia ramosa (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, and Irciniidae), on A375 human melanoma cells. We found that iSP impaired A375 melanoma cells proliferation, induced cell death through caspase-dependent apoptosis and arrested cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, as demonstrated via both flow cytometry and qPCR analysis. The proapoptotic effect of iSP is associated with increased ROS production and mitochondrial modulation, as observed by using DCF-DHA and mitochondrial probes. In addition, we performed wound healing, invasion and clonogenic assays and found that iSP was able to restrain A375 migration, invasion and clonogenicity. Importantly, we observed that an iSP treatment modulated the expression of the EMT-associated epithelial markers, E-CAD and N-CAD, unveiling the mechanism underlying the effect of iSP in modulating A375 migration and invasion. Collectively, this study provides the first evidence to support the role of Ircinia ramosa sponge extracts as a potential therapeutic resource for the treatment of human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Claudia Maresca
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Somma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Peni Ahmadi
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), JI. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), JI. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Siti Irma Rahmawati
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), JI. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Giuseppina Chianese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Formisano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Polito F, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, Amri I, Kouki H, Khammassi M, Hamrouni L, Malaspina P, Cornara L, Khedhri S, Romano B, Maresca DC, Ianaro A, Ercolano G, De Feo V. Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Leaf Micromorphology of Five Tunisian Eucalyptus Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040867. [PMID: 37107241 PMCID: PMC10135225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus species have been widely employed in the projects of reforestation in Tunisia. Although their ecological functions are controversial, these plants are indeed important to counteract soil erosion, and represent a fast-growing source of fuelwood and charcoal wood. In the present study, we considered five Eucalyptus species, namely Eucalyptus alba, E. eugenioides, E. fasciculosa, E. robusta, and E. stoatei cultivated in the Tunisian Arboreta. The aim was to carry out the micromorphological and anatomical characterization of the leaves, the extraction and phytochemical profile of the essential oils (EOs), and the evaluation of their biological properties. Four of the EOs showed the prevalence of eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) varying from 64.4 to 95.9%, whereas a-pinene predominated in E. alba EO (54.1%). These EOs showed in vitro antioxidant activity, and reduced the oxidative cellular stress as shown by their activity on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and modulation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1). Moreover, the EOs inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), showing anti-inflammatory activity. The data collected suggest that these EOs may be considered a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammation-based diseases and may represent an additional value for the economy of Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Habiba Kouki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Khammassi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Paola Malaspina
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sana Khedhri
- Faculty of Science, Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Benedetta Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Claudia Maresca
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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De Cicco P, Ercolano G, Tenore GC, Ianaro A. Olive leaf extract inhibits metastatic melanoma spread through suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4002-4013. [PMID: 36222190 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Olive tree leaves are an abundant source of bioactive compounds with several beneficial effects for human health, including a protective role against many types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of an extract, obtained from olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves (OLE), on proliferation, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) on metastatic melanoma, the highly aggressive form of skin cancer and the deadliest diseases. Our results demonstrated that OLE inhibited melanoma cells proliferation through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptotic cell death. Moreover, OLE suppressed the migration, invasion, and colonies formation of human melanoma cells. Similar to our in vitro findings, we demonstrated that the oral administration of OLE inhibited cutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in vivo by modulating the expression of EMT related factors. In addition, the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects of OLE against melanoma were also related to a simultaneous targeting of mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K pathways, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that OLE has the potential to inhibit the metastatic spread of melanoma cells thanks to its multifaceted mechanistic effects, and may represent a new add-on therapy for the management of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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He X, Yang F, Huang X. Proceedings of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Synthesis of Biflavonoids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196088. [PMID: 34641631 PMCID: PMC8512048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biflavonoids, composed of two monoflavonoid residues, occur naturally in angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms. More than 592 biflavonoids have been structurally elucidated, and they can be classified into two groups of C-C and C-linear fragments-C, based on whether the linker between the two residues contains an atom. As the linker can be established on two arbitrary rings from different residues, the C-C type contains various subtypes, as does the C-linear fragment-C type. Biflavonoids have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antitumor, and cytotoxic properties, and they can be applied in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review mainly summarizes the distribution and chemistry of biflavonoids; additionally, their bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and synthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian He
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Xin’an Huang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.H.); (F.Y.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-36585450
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Takayoshi J, Huang YL, Matsuo Y, Saito Y, Li DP, Tanaka T. Ellagitannin Digestion in Moth Larvae and a New Dimeric Ellagitannin from the Leaves of Platycarya strobilacea. Molecules 2021; 26:4134. [PMID: 34299409 PMCID: PMC8303904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ETs) are plant polyphenols with various health benefits. Recent studies have indicated that the biological activities of ETs are attributable to their degradation products, including ellagic acid and its gut microflora metabolites, such as urolithins. Insect tea produced in the Guangxi region, China, is made from the frass of moth larvae that feed on the ET-rich leaves of Platycarya strobilacea. Chromatographic separation of the Guangxi insect tea showed that the major phenolic constituents are ellagic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, gallic acid, brevifolin, and polymeric polyphenols. Chemical investigation of the feed of the larvae, the fresh leaves of P. strobilacea, showed that the major polyphenols are ETs including pedunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, and a new ET named platycaryanin E. The new ET was confirmed as a dimer of strictinin having a tergalloyl group. The insect tea and the leaves of P. strobilacea contained polymeric polyphenols, both of which were shown to be composed of ETs and proanthocyanidins by acid hydrolysis and thiol degradation. This study clarified that Guangxi insect tea contains ET metabolites produced in the digestive tract of moth larvae, and the metabolites probably have higher bioavailabilities than the original large-molecular ETs of the leaves of P. strobilacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Takayoshi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yong-Lin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin 541006, China;
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshinori Saito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Dian-Peng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin 541006, China;
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
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Effects of Grape Polyphenols on the Life Span and Neuroinflammatory Alterations Related to Neurodegenerative Parkinson Disease-Like Disturbances in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225339. [PMID: 33207644 PMCID: PMC7696792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional nutrition is a valuable supplementation to dietary therapy. Functional foods are enriched with biologically active substances. Plant polyphenols attract particular attention due to multiple beneficial properties attributed to their high antioxidant and other biological activities. We assessed the effect of grape polyphenols on the life span of C57BL/6 mice and on behavioral and neuroinflammatory alterations in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson disease (PD) with overexpression of the A53T-mutant human α-synuclein. C57BL/6 mice were given a dietary supplement containing grape polyphenol concentrate (GPC—1.5 mL/kg/day) with drinking water from the age of 6–8 weeks for life. Transgenic PD mice received GPC beginning at the age of 10 weeks for four months. GPC significantly influenced the cumulative proportion of surviving and substantially augmented the average life span in mice. In the transgenic PD model, the grape polyphenol (GP) diet enhanced memory reconsolidation and diminished memory extinction in a passive avoidance test. Behavioral effects of GP treatment were accompanied by a decrease in α-synuclein accumulation in the frontal cortex and a reduction in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers (IBA1 and CD54) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Thus, a GP-rich diet is recommended as promising functional nutrition for aging people and patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Becze A, Babalau-Fuss VL, Varaticeanu C, Roman C. Optimization of High-Pressure Extraction Process of Antioxidant Compounds from Feteasca regala Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2020; 25:E4209. [PMID: 32937896 PMCID: PMC7570894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular economy principles are based on the use of by-products from one operation as the raw materials in another. The aim of this work is to obtain extracts with high antioxidant capacity and resveratrol content for the superior capitalization of the biomass of Feteasca regala leaves obtained during vineyard horticultural operations in spring. In order to obtain a high-quality extract at an industrial level, an optimal extraction process is needed. Central composite design (CCD) was used for the experiment design, which contained three independent variables: the ratio of extraction solvent to solid matter, temperature (°C) and time (minutes). The evaluation of extracts was done by measuring the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts using photo-chemiluminescent techniques, and the resveratrol content using liquid chromatography. Process optimization was done using response surface methodology (RSM). Minitab software version 17.0 was used for the design of experiments and data analysis. Regression analysis showed that the model predicts 87.5% of the variation for resveratrol and 96% for total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The temperature had the biggest influence on the extraction yield. The optimal operational conditions for the extraction method applied had the following conditions: ratio e/m 2.92; 43.23 °C and 55.4 min. A maximum value of 34,623 µg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) /mL total antioxidant capacity and 182.4 µg/mL resveratrol content were obtained when the optimal extraction parameters where used. The values obtained in experiments proved that by using RSM an accurate model can be obtained for extraction of Feteasca regala leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Becze
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, ICIA, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.L.B.-F.); (C.V.); (C.R.)
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A Reference List of Phenolic Compounds (Including Stilbenes) in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Roots, Woods, Canes, Stems, and Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050398. [PMID: 32397203 PMCID: PMC7278806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their biological activities, both in plants and in humans, there is a great interest in finding natural sources of phenolic compounds or ways to artificially manipulate their levels. During the last decade, a significant amount of these compounds has been reported in the vegetative organs of the vine plant. In the roots, woods, canes, stems, and leaves, at least 183 phenolic compounds have been identified, including 78 stilbenes (23 monomers, 30 dimers, 8 trimers, 16 tetramers, and 1 hexamer), 15 hydroxycinnamic acids, 9 hydroxybenzoic acids, 17 flavan-3-ols (of which 9 are proanthocyanidins), 14 anthocyanins, 8 flavanones, 35 flavonols, 2 flavones, and 5 coumarins. There is great variability in the distribution of these chemicals along the vine plant, with leaves and stems/canes having flavonols (83.43% of total phenolic levels) and flavan-3-ols (61.63%) as their main compounds, respectively. In light of the pattern described from the same organs, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and caftaric acid are the main flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids in the leaves; the most commonly represented flavan-3-ols and flavonols in the stems and canes are catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and quercetin-3-O-galactoside. The main stilbenes (trans-ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol, isohopeaphenol/hopeaphenol, vitisin B, and ampelopsins) accumulate primarily in the woods, followed by the roots, the canes, and the stems, whereas the leaves, which are more exposed to environmental stresses, have a low concentration of these compounds. Data provided in this review could be used as (i) a metabolomic tool for screening in targeted and untargeted analyses and (ii) a reference list in studies aimed at finding ways to induce naturally occurring polyphenols on an industrial scale for pant and human disease control.
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Ohmic heating polyphenolic extracts from vine pruning residue with enhanced biological activity. Food Chem 2020; 316:126298. [PMID: 32062230 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vine Pruning residue was submitted to conventional heating and ohmic heating (OH) for the extraction of bioactive compounds and analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenolic profile, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity. The OH extracts were obtained using Low electric field (496.0 V/cm) or Intermediate electric field - IEF (840.0 V/cm). The tests were performed using 45% (v/v) ethanol-water extraction solution at 80 °C at different extraction times (20-90 min). The extract that stood out among the others concerning anticancer potential was the one obtained by OH when used, IEF, where the TPC was significantly higher than in the other extracts which correlated with higher antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activity on different tumor cell lines (HepG2, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and Caco2). Vine pruning OH extracts obtained using green solvents by an eco-friendly procedure were revealed as a source of compounds with relevant antioxidant and anticancer activity.
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Forni C, Facchiano F, Bartoli M, Pieretti S, Facchiano A, D'Arcangelo D, Norelli S, Valle G, Nisini R, Beninati S, Tabolacci C, Jadeja RN. Beneficial Role of Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8748253. [PMID: 31080832 PMCID: PMC6475554 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8748253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is related to a number of functional and morphological changes leading to progressive decline of the biological functions of an organism. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), released by several endogenous and exogenous processes, may cause important oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to important cellular dysfunctions. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses brings to oxidative stress conditions and, related to accumulation of ROS, aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the most relevant data reported in literature on the natural compounds, mainly phytochemicals, with antioxidant activity and their potential protective effects on age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and chronic inflammation, and possibly lower side effects, when compared to other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Norelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Qiao Y, Liu X, Li X, Wang X, Li C, Khutsishvili M, Alizade V, Atha D, Zhang Y, Borris RP. Biflavonoids from Juniperus oblonga inhibit organic anion transporter 3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:931-936. [PMID: 30648554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporters (OATs in humans, Oats in rodents) play an important role in the distribution and excretion of numerous endogenous metabolic products and exogenous organic anions, including a host of widely prescribed drugs. Their ligand recognition is also important for drug therapy and development. In this study, the n-butanol and dichloromethane soluble fractions of Juniperus oblonga were found to inhibit OAT3 in vitro and three biflavonoids were found to be responsible for this activity. One of these compounds, amentoflavone exhibited stronger inhibition than probenecid, a known strong inhibitor of OAT3. Biological characterization of amentoflavone in vivo also showed inhibition of Oat3. Preliminary observations of structure-activity relationships suggest that the biflavonoids are more potent inhibitors of this transporter than their corresponding monomer, and that methylation of even a single hydroxyl group results in a substantial decrease in activity. This greater potency of the biflavonoids may indicate the need for a more in-depth investigation of the distribution of biflavonoids in plants used as foodstuffs and herbal medicines, due to their potential for causing interactions with OAT3 substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China
| | - Caiyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China
| | - Manana Khutsishvili
- National Herbarium of Georgia, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, 100995, Georgia
| | - Valida Alizade
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, AZ, 1102, Azerbaijan
| | - Daniel Atha
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, 10041, NY, USA
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China
| | - Robert P Borris
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China.
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Restuccia D, Giorgi G, Gianfranco Spizzirri U, Sciubba F, Capuani G, Rago V, Carullo G, Aiello F. Autochthonous white grape pomaces as bioactive source for functional jams. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Restuccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione Università della Calabria Ed. Polifunzionale 87036 Rende CS Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia Università di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione Università della Calabria Ed. Polifunzionale 87036 Rende CS Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Giorgio Capuani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione Università della Calabria Ed. Polifunzionale 87036 Rende CS Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione Università della Calabria Ed. Polifunzionale 87036 Rende CS Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione Università della Calabria Ed. Polifunzionale 87036 Rende CS Italy
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Lubna, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Shaheen S, Sultana S, Rehman SU, Amina H. Micromorphological investigation of leaf epidermis and seeds of Vitaceae from Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:335-344. [PMID: 30351520 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This present study is the first report on the detailed foliar epidermal anatomy and micromorphology of seeds of five species of Vitaceae from Pakistan using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied species occur at various localities particularly higher altitude. Qualitative and quantitative leaf micromorphological characters investigated here are related to shape and size of epidermal cells, anticlinal wall pattern, stomatal pore, guard cell, stomatal complex, subsidiary cells, and trichomes. Variations in size and shape were observed in the studied species. Irregular, polygonal and elongated epidermal cells with straight or undulate margins, stomata anomocytic type, and trichomes nonglandular, unicellular to multicellular in all the studied plants. Seed micromorphological qualitative characters studied are shape of margins, integument cell, apical notch, chalaza, anticlinal wall thickness, and quantitative characters are number of seeds per berry, length, and width of seed, length to width ratio. The detailed distribution and microscopic characteristics investigated of family Vitaceae has a distinguished role in identification at genus and species level and may provide evidence in the determination of taxonomic rank of the family in the phylogenetic tree. This study possesses potential for plant taxonomists to further evaluate the species for phytochemical studies and physiology. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used for the micromorphological investigation of family Vitaceae Qualitative and quantitative characteristics were studied Variation in microscopic features of leaf epidermis and seeds Identification of species based on micromorphological characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Amina
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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