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Chen C, Dai W, Qin Y, Yuan C, Chen J, Zhang M. The protective effects and potential mechanisms of fulvic acid against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38824682 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2360679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) is a kind of natural organic acids extracted from lignite, which is the active ingredient in Wujin oral liquid, a proprietary Chinese medicine used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of FA remains limited. Currently, the protection of FA and its mechanism were explored using the ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mouse model. The histopathological examinations showed FAs at three doses effectively reduced gastric congestion, oedema caused by ethanol, and prevented gastric epithelial cell fall-off. When compared to the model group, FAs reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels in serum, as well as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 expression levels in tissue. Furthermore, FAs significantly inhibited p65, P38 MAPK, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in damaged gastric tissue. It was indicated FA has good protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injuries in mice and this effect was related to NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglian Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Weifeng Dai
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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2
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Mikhnevich T, Grigorenko VG, Rubtsova MY, Rukhovich GD, Yiming S, Khreptugova AN, Zaitsev KV, Perminova IV. Solid-Phase Extraction at High pH as a Promising Tool for Targeted Isolation of Biologically Active Fractions of Humic Acids. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1858-1869. [PMID: 38222597 PMCID: PMC10785653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A search for novel sources of biologically active compounds is at the top of the agenda for biomedical technologies. Natural humic substances (HSs) contain a large variety of different chemotypes, such as condensed tannins, hydrolyzable tannins, terpenoids, lignins, etc. The goal of this work was to develop an efficient separation technique based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the isolation of narrow fractions of HS with higher biological activity compared to the initial material. We used lignite humic acid as the parent humic material, which showed moderate inhibition activity toward beta-lactamase TEM 1 and antioxidant activity. We applied two different SPE techniques: the first one was based on a gradient elution with water/methanol mixtures of the humic material sorbed at pH 2, and the second one implied separation by a difference in the pKa value by the use of sequential sorption of HS at pH from 8 to 3. SPE cartridges Bond Elute PPL (Agilent) were used in the fractionation experiments. The first and second techniques yielded 9 and 7 fractions, respectively. All fractions were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry and biological assays, including the determination of beta-lactamase (TEM 1) inhibition activity and antioxidant activity. The acidity-based separation technique demonstrated substantial advantages: it enabled the isolation of components, outcompeting the initial material at the first step of separation (sorption at pH 8). It showed moderate orthogonality in separation with regard to the polarity-based technique. Good perspectives are shown for developing a 2D separation scheme using a combination of polarity and acidity-based approaches to reduce structural heterogeneity of the narrow fractions of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana
A. Mikhnevich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaly G. Grigorenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maya Yu. Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb D. Rukhovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sun Yiming
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna N. Khreptugova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhuo Z, Li X, Sun T, Liu P, Lei T. Co-Thermal Oxidation of Lignite and Rice Straw for Synthetization of Composite Humic Substances: Parametric Optimization via Response Surface Methodology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16875. [PMID: 36554757 PMCID: PMC9778861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Baoqing lignite (BL) and rice straw (RS), which were the representatives of low-rank coal and biomass, were co-thermally oxidized to produce composite humic substances (HS), including humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA). Taking HS content as the output response, the co-thermally oxidizing conditions were optimized through single factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM). The structures of HA and FA prepared under optimized conditions were analyzed by SEM, UV, and FTIR. Results showed that HS content was clearly influenced by the material ratio, oxidation time, and oxidation temperature, as well as their interactions. The optimized co-thermal oxidization condition was as follows: BL and RS pretreated with a material ratio of 0.53, oxidation time of 59.50 min, and oxidation temperature of 75.63 °C. Through verification, the experimental value (62.37%) had a small relative error compared to the predicted value (62.27%), which indicated that the developed models were fit and accurate. The obtained HA had a tightly packed block structure; FA had a loosely spherical shape. The molecular weight of FA was 2487 Da and HA was 20,904 Da; both had a smaller molecular weight than that reported in other literature. FA showed strong bands at 1720 cm-1, thus confirming the presence of more oxygen-containing functional groups. The appearance of double peaks at 2900~2980 cm-1 indicated that HA contains more aliphatic chains. The co-thermal oxidation of BL and RS gives a new method for the synthesis of HS, and the optimization of co-thermal oxidation conditions will provide fundamental information for the industrialization of composite HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Li
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhen Zhuo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tanglei Sun
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Khan R, Mirza MA, Aqil M, Hassan N, Zakir F, Ansari MJ, Iqbal Z. A Pharmaco-Technical Investigation of Thymoquinone and Peat-Sourced Fulvic Acid Nanoemulgel: A Combination Therapy. Gels 2022; 8:733. [PMID: 36354641 PMCID: PMC9689985 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone has a multitude of pharmacological effects and has been researched for a wide variety of indications, but with limited clinical success. It is associated with pharmaco-technical caveats such as hydrophobicity, high degradation, and a low oral bioavailability. A prudent approach warrants its usage through an alternative dermal route in combination with functional excipients to harness its potential for treating dermal afflictions, such as psoriasis. Henceforth, the present study explores a nanoformulation approach for designing a fulvic acid (peat-sourced)-based thymoquinone nanoemulsion gel (FTQ-NEG) for an enhanced solubility and improved absorption. The excipients, surfactant/co-surfactant, and oil selected for the o/w nanoemulsion (FTQ-NE) are Tween 80/Transcutol-P and kalonji oil. The formulation methodology includes high-energy ultrasonication complemented with a three-dimensional/factorial Box-Behnken design for guided optimization. The surface morphology assessment through scanning/transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed a 100 nm spherical, globule-like structure of the prepared nanoemulsion. Furthermore, the optimized FTQ-NE had a zeta potential of -2.83 ± 0.14 Mv, refractive index of 1.415 ± 0.036, viscosity of 138.5 ± 3.08 mp, and pH of 5.8 ± 0.16, respectively. The optimized FTQ-NE was then formulated as a gel using Carbopol 971® (1%). The in vitro release analysis of the optimized FTQ-NEG showed a diffusion-dominant drug release (Higuchi model) for 48 h. The drug permeation flux observed for FTQ-NEG (3.64 μg/cm2/h) was much higher compared to that of the pure drug (1.77 mg/cm2/h). The results were further confirmed by confocal microscopy studies, which proved the improved penetration of thymoquinone through mice skin. Long-term stability studies of the purported formulation were also conducted and yielded satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmuddin Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Foziyah Zakir
- Department of B. Pharm (Ayurveda), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Gong G, Liang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sanjaa B, Zhang F, Wang Z, Li Z, Li R, Lu S. Extraction, Fractional Structure and Physiological Activities of Fulvic Acid from Yunnan Xundian Lignite. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Gong
- Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shaojie Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Batbileg Sanjaa
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ulaanbaatar 13330 Mongolia
| | - Fushui Zhang
- Baoqing Coal Power & Chemical Corporation CHN Energy Shuangyashan 230500 China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Zhiling Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Ruonan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
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7
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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Humic Substances from Peat: Assessment of Process Efficiency and Products' Quality. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113413. [PMID: 35684351 PMCID: PMC9182150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Results of efficiency of obtaining humic substances (HSs) from peat in traditional alkaline extraction (TAE) and ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) are presented. The influence of the duration of the process and ultrasound intensity on the efficiency of extraction of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) extraction was determined. The composition of the fulvic acid fraction was examined depending on the type of eluent used. Fulvic acids were divided into fractions using columns packed with DAX-8 resin. For this process, 0.1 M NaOH and 0.5 M NH3∙H2O were used as eluents. For the quality assessment of specific fulvic acids fractions, spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis and FTIR) were used. Ultrasound had a positive effect on HS extraction efficiency, especially in increasing the amount of a desired hydrophobic fraction of fulvic acids (HPO). However, a negative effect of the excessive prolongation and ultrasound intensity (approximately 400 mW∙cm-2) on the extraction efficiency of HPO eluted with 0.1 M NaOH solution was observed. Using peat as a raw carbon material for the HS extraction process can be used as an alternative industrial application of peat. UAAE may be considered as an alternative method to TAE, which provides a higher efficiency in HS isolation from peat.
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8
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Su H, Zhang D, Antwi P, Xiao L, Deng X, Liu Z, Long B, Shi M, Manefield MJ, Ngo HH. Exploring potential impact(s) of cerium in mining wastewater on the performance of partial-nitrification process and nitrogen conversion microflora. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111796. [PMID: 33341697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cerium Ce(III) is one of the major pollutants contained in wastewater generated during Ce(III) mining. However, the effect(s) of Ce(III) on the functional genera responsible for removing nitrogen biologically from wastewater has not been studied and reported. In this study, the effects of Ce(III) on aspects of partial-nitritation-(PN) process including ammonia oxidation rate (AOR), process kinetics, and microbial activities were investigated. It was found that the effect of dosing Ce(III) in the PN system correlated strongly with the AOR. Compared to the control, batch assays dosed with 5 mg/L Ce(III) showed elevated PN efficiency of about 121%, an indication that maximum biological response was feasible upon Ce(III) dose. It was also found that, PN performance was not adversely affected, given that Ce(III) dose was ≤20 mg/L. Process kinetics investigated also suggested that the maximum Ce(III) dose without any visible inhibition to the activities of ammonium oxidizing bacteria was 1.37 mg/L, but demonstrated otherwise when Ce(III) dose exceeded 5.63 mg/L. Compared to the control, microbes conducted efficient Ce(III) removal (averaged 98.66%) via biosorption using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Notably, significant deposits of Ce(III) was found within the EPS produced as revealed by SEM, EDX, CLSM and FTIR. 2-dimensional correlation infrared-(2DCOS-IR) revealed ester group (uronic acid) as a major organic functional group that promoted Ce(III) removal. Excitation-emission matrix-(EEM) spectrum and 2DCOS-IR suggested the dominance of Fulvic acid, hypothesized to have promoted the performance of the PN process under Ce(III) dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Dachao Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Philip Antwi
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; University of Southern Queensland, School of Civil and Electrical Engineering, Darling Heights, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Longwen Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Bei Long
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Miao Shi
- Ganzhou Eco-Environmental Engineering Investment Company Limited, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Michael J Manefield
- University of New South Wales, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Qin Y, Dai W, Li B, Zhang M. Angiogenic effects of low molecular weight organic acids present in fulvic acids of different sources. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6153-6157. [PMID: 33929918 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1830399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) is a natural mineral medicine with a long medical history in folk. However, the active chemicals of FA remain unknown due to its diversity of sources and the complexity of compositions, which have become a bottleneck in quality control and medicinal development. Based on the traditional effect on angiogenesis, FAs from eight different coal sources were prepared and their active fractions were investigated by the CAM model, resulting that most of acetonitrile dissolved parts of these FAs (DFAs) produced angiogenesis effects. Through chemical analysis on DFAs by GC-FID/MS, six shared organic acids with low molecular weights were identified and quantified, which showed the promoting effects on capillary areas, VEGF, b-FGF, and Ang-1 at different degrees. The PCA analysis showed that the five shared organic acids with high recognition are the active chemicals in different sources of FAs which may be responsible for the angiogenesis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Center of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Huifen Zhang
- Center of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Weifeng Dai
- Center of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Baocai Li
- Center of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Center of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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