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Zhang Q, Lu M, Liu T, Zheng X, Chen T, Yang L, Ding L, Yang Y, Han Z, Gu L, Wang Z. Glechomenes A-G, diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities from the aerial part of Glechoma longituba. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106034. [PMID: 38795853 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Ten diterpenoids including six unreported abietane-type diterpenoids Glecholmenes A-F (1-6) and an undescribed labdane-type diterpenoid Glecholmene G (9), together with three known diterpenoids (7,8,10), were firstly isolated from the aerial part of G. longituba. Their structures were established mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) methods. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and X-ray crystallographic analyses were used for the determination of their absolute configurations. The anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds was evaluated using the classical LPS-induced NO release model in RAW264.7 cells. Compound 2 displayed significant anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values of 29.08 ± 1.40 μM (Aminoguanidine hydrochloride as the positive control, IC50 = 21.84 ± 0.48 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meilong Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianzi Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuqin Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ding
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuzhen Han
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lihua Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Yuan MM, Xu F, Zheng YB, Zhou LG, Deng Y, Zhou GP, Wu X, Ji TF. Diverse terpenoid glycosides with in vitro cytotoxicity from Glechoma longituba. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 217:113923. [PMID: 37963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest class of all known natural products, possessing structural diversity and numerous biological activities. Ten previously undescribed terpenoid glycosides, glechlongsides A-J (1-10), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Glechoma longituba, including diterpenoid glycoside and pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin. The structures of these compounds were characterized by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESIMS spectra. In addition, glechlongsides F-I (6-9) exhibited weak cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines BGC-823, Be1, HCT-8, A2780, and A549 with IC50 values ranging from 3.77 to 30.95 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Yuan
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang-Bing Zheng
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Lei-Gang Zhou
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, 330029, China.
| | - Teng-Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
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Zhou G, Zhao J, Gong C, Xu J, Song C, Meng D. Chemical constituents from the leaves of psidium guajava linn. and their chemotaxonomic significance. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:348-353. [PMID: 34396839 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1963245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation on the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. led to the isolation and identification of 18 compounds, including six guavinoside (1-6), four flavonoids (7-10), eight triterpenoids (11-17) and one lignans (18). All chemical structures were elucidated via NMR spectroscopic methods, and further supported by comparison with literature data. Compounds 12, 14, 16 and 18 was isolated from the Myrtaceae family for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was also discussed based on their structure types, as well as compounds-genus/family network analysis. The results showed that there were close chemotaxonomic relationships among the Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae families. Guavinosides A-F could be considered as valuable chemotaxonomic markers of Myrtaceae family, while guavinosides C-F might serve as chemotaxonomic markers for distinguishing the P. guajava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jiaming Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chang Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jixuan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ce Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dali Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Novel Epoxides of Soloxolone Methyl: An Effect of the Formation of Oxirane Ring and Stereoisomerism on Cytotoxic Profile, Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116214. [PMID: 35682893 PMCID: PMC9181525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that epoxide-bearing compounds display pronounced pharmacological activities, and the epoxidation of natural metabolites can be a promising strategy to improve their bioactivity. Here, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of biological properties of αO-SM and βO-SM, novel epoxides of soloxolone methyl (SM), a cyanoenone-bearing derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid. We demonstrated that the replacement of a double-bound within the cyanoenone pharmacophore group of SM with α- and β-epoxide moieties did not abrogate the high antitumor and anti-inflammatory potentials of the triterpenoid. It was found that novel SM epoxides induced the death of tumor cells at low micromolar concentrations (IC50(24h) = 0.7–4.1 µM) via the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, reinforced intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in B16 melanoma cells, probably by direct interaction with key drug efflux pumps (P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MXR1), and the suppressed pro-metastatic phenotype of B16 cells, effectively inhibiting their metastasis in a murine model. Moreover, αO-SM and βO-SM hampered macrophage functionality in vitro (motility, NO production) and significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced peritonitis in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of the stereoisomerism of SM epoxides on the mentioned bioactivities and toxic profiles of these compounds in vivo were evaluated. Considering the comparable antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of SM epoxides with SM and reference drugs (dacarbazine, dexamethasone), αO-SM and βO-SM can be considered novel promising antitumor and anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
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Ouyang XL, Ma TH, Xie GL, Chen S, Wang HS, Jia Q, Zhang ED, Huang JH. Acetylated Rhamnose Triterpenoid Saponins from Glechoma longituba Analyzed by LC-Q-TOFMS. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100272. [PMID: 34532975 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to isolate a series of triterpene derivatives with rhamnosyl linking acetyl groups from Glechoma longituba according to the structural characteristics of previously described triterpene saponins. The extract ion chromatography spectrum of the crude extract of G. longituba was detected and analyzed by HPLC-HR-ESI-MS to determine possible components, and these metabolites were traced and separated by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and predicted liquid chromatography retention time. Three 11α, 12α-epoxypentacyclic oleanolic acid triterpene saponins (glechomanosides H-J) and one ursane triterpene aldehyde saponin with a C-28 aldehyde group were isolated from G. longituba. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by NMR and compared with those of previously characterized compounds. The strategy described in this report enables a rapid, reliable, and complete analysis of glycoside compounds containing different numbers of acetyl groups at different positions on the sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hua Ma
- Seasons Biotechnology (Taizhou) Co., Ltd., Taizhou City, 318000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Liang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shan Chen
- Eight plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Seasons Biotechnology (Taizhou) Co., Ltd., Taizhou City, 318000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - En-De Zhang
- Eight plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hua Huang
- Eight plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, P. R. China
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Yang L, Zhang J, Zheng S, Hou A, Wang S, Yu H, Wang X, Xu Y, Kuang H, Jiang H. The phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional medicinal use of Glechomae Herba - a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19221-19237. [PMID: 35478616 PMCID: PMC9033597 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glechomae Herba is a Chinese herb, which has been used in China for thousands of years, mainly for the treatment of nephrolithiasis. This paper summarizes the modern research progress on Glechomae Herba from the aspects of botany, traditional medicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, analytical methods and quality control. In addition, it also points out the deficiencies of current research on this herb and provides possible directions for its development. So far, more than 190 chemical components have been isolated and identified from Glechomae Herba, including organic acids and their esters, volatile oils, flavonoids and their glycosides, terpenes and other chemical components. Its extracts and compounds have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-stone, anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, cholagogic and diuretic, effect on ileum smooth muscle, anti-tumor effect on tumor and hypoglycemic effects. However, future studies should focus on drug metabolism, clarify its pharmacodynamic mechanism, and establish a reasonable quality control standards for Glechomae Herba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Senwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040 China
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Zhou Y, He YJ, Wang ZJ, Hu BY, Xie TZ, Xiao X, Zhou ZS, Sang XY, Luo XD. A review of plant characteristics, phytochemistry and bioactivities of the genus Glechoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113830. [PMID: 33465438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the genus Glechoma have been abundantly used for thousands of years in China as folk treatments for cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, inflammation, and other conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY This review discusses the potential application of Glechoma as an herbal medicine. The plant characteristics, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Glechoma are summarized as a guide for phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various search engines including SciFinder, Google Scholar, Scopus-Elsevier, Medline, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for publications on Glechoma using relevant keywords. Additionally, local records, books, and non-English journals were screened up to October 2020. RESULTS The phytochemistry of several Glechoma plants has been systematically studied, and over one hundred different compounds have been isolated and identified. Terpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols are the major secondary metabolites. Crude extracts and isolated compounds have been shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities including prevention of nephrolithiasis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticomplement, antimicrobial, antioxidant, depigmenting, anticancer, and antiviral activities, among others. CONCLUSION Glechoma species have been used as folk medicine to treat various diseases and have diverse biological activities, making them valuable starting materials for drug development. However, in most cases the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, safety, and possible interactions with other drugs remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xu-Yan Sang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Multidirectional effects of saponin fraction isolated from the leaves of sea buckthorn Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111395. [PMID: 33761611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies show that saponins isolated from various plants have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells inducing apoptosis and autophagy. On the other hand, saponins also exhibit a number of beneficial properties, such as antioxidant properties. Thus, saponins can be considered both in terms of their therapeutic and protective effects during anticancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saponin fraction isolated from sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) leaves on the viability of HL-60 cancer cells using resazurin assay and its ability to induction of apoptosis with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Moreover, we studied its effect on the oxidative stress induced by H2O2, and anti-platelet and anticoagulant potential in whole blood using T-TAS, a microchip-based flow chamber system. We observed that the saponin fraction significantly decreased the viability of HL-60 cells at the concentration above 50 µg/mL and induced apoptosis at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. Moreover, we observed that saponin fraction used at lower concentrations, such as 0.5 and 1 µg/mL, stimulated HL-60 cells and increased their viability. The saponin fraction also decreased the level of free radicals and reduced oxidative DNA damage measured by the comet assay. However, at high concentration of oxidant H2O2 equal 5 mM, we noticed that the saponin fraction at 50 µg/mL increased the level of free radicals in HL-60 cells. We also demonstrated anticoagulant potential of the saponin fraction at the concentration of 50 µg/mL. Our results indicate that the saponin fraction obtained from sea buckthorn leaves can show both chemotherapeutic and chemoprotective potential.
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Olas B, Urbańska K, Bryś M. Saponins as Modulators of the Blood Coagulation System and Perspectives Regarding Their Use in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Incidents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215171. [PMID: 33172028 PMCID: PMC7664220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins comprise a heterogenous group of chemical compounds containing a triterpene or steroid aglycone group and at least one sugar chain. They exist as secondary metabolites, occurring frequently in dicotyledonous plants and lower marine animals. Plant saponin extracts or single saponins have indicated antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a multifactorial disease influenced by various patient characteristics such as age, immobility, previous thromboembolism and inherited thrombophilia. This mini-review (1) evaluates the current literature on saponins as modulators of the coagulation system, (2) discusses the impact of chemical structure on the modulation of the coagulation system, which may further provide a basis for drug or supplement design, (3) examines perspectives of their use in the prevention of VTE. It also describes the molecular mechanisms of action of the saponins involved in the prevention of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-42-6354485
| | - Karina Urbańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Żuchowski J, Skalski B, Juszczak M, Woźniak K, Stochmal A, Olas B. LC/MS Analysis of Saponin Fraction from the Leaves of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson and Its Biological Properties in Different In Vitro Models. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133004. [PMID: 32630067 PMCID: PMC7411717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on saponin fraction from sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) leaves. It has known that for example teas from sea buckthorn leaves have anti-obesity properties. The objective of our present experiments was to investigate both the chemical composition of saponin fraction, as well as their biological properties in different in vitro models (using human plasma, blood platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)). We observed that saponin fraction reduces plasma lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation induced by H2O2/Fe. This fraction also decreased DNA oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in PBMCs. Regarding the cytotoxicity of saponin fraction (0.5–50 µg/mL) none was found to cause lysis of blood platelets, and PBMCs. Our results, for the first time indicate that saponin fraction from sea buckthorn leaves may be a new promising source of compounds for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Żuchowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (J.Ż); (A.S.)
| | - Bartosz Skalski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Michał Juszczak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (M.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (M.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (J.Ż); (A.S.)
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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