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Chen L, Hu Y, Huang L, Chen L, Duan X, Wang G, Ou H. Comparative transcriptome revealed the molecular responses of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. to downy mildew at different stages of disease development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:332. [PMID: 38664645 PMCID: PMC11044490 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. has been widely used as a traditional medicinal herb for a long history in China. It is highly susceptible to various dangerous diseases during the cultivation process. Downy mildew is the most serious leaf disease of A. carmichaelii, affecting plant growth and ultimately leading to a reduction in yield. To better understand the response mechanism of A. carmichaelii leaves subjected to downy mildew, the contents of endogenous plant hormones as well as transcriptome sequencing were analyzed at five different infected stages. RESULTS The content of 3-indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid has changed significantly in A. carmichaelii leaves with the development of downy mildew, and related synthetic genes such as 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were also significant for disease responses. The transcriptomic data indicated that the differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in plants, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Many of these genes also showed potential functions for resisting downy mildew. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, the hub genes and genes that have high connectivity to them were identified, which could participate in plant immune responses. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we elucidated the response and potential genes of A. carmichaelii to downy mildew, and observed the changes of endogenous hormones content at different infection stages, so as to contribute to the further screening and identification of genes involved in the defense of downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianglei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Hong Ou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Zhang X, Shao Z, Ni Y, Chen F, Yu X, Wen J. Salsolinol improves angiotensin II‑induced myocardial fibrosis in vitro via inhibition of LSD1 through regulation of the STAT3/Notch‑1 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:527. [PMID: 37869646 PMCID: PMC10587875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) is very high and it poses a significant threat to the health of patients. The traditional Chinese medicine monomer salsolinol is widely used to treat similar symptoms of CHF. However, there have been no reports on the effect of salsolinol for the management of CHF and its effects on myocardial fibrosis. In the present study, salsolinol was used to treat angiotensin II (AngII)-induced human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) and cell proliferation and migration were assessed using a CCK-8, EdU staining assay and wound healing assay. Subsequently, immunofluorescence, western blotting and other techniques were used to detect indicators associated with cell fibrosis and relevant kits were used to detect markers of cellular inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Molecular docking analysis was used to predict the relationship between salsolinol and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1). Subsequently, the expression of LSD1 in the serum of CHF patients was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Finally, LSD1 was overexpressed in cells to explore the regulatory mechanism of salsolinol in AngII-induced HFCs. Salsolinol reduced the proliferation and migration. Salsolinol reduced the expression of fibrosis marker proteins α-smooth muscle actin, Collagen I and Collagen III in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby reducing cell fibrosis. In addition, salsolinol reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the cell supernatant and ROS production following AngII induction. Salsolinol inhibited LSD1 expression and regulated the STAT3/Notch-1 signaling pathway. Upregulation of LSD1 reversed the effects of salsolinol on AngII-induced HCFs. Salsolinol inhibited LSD1 via regulation of the STAT3/Notch-1 signaling pathway to improve Ang II-induced myocardial fibrosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Kunshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215332, P.R. China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ze Shao
- Cardiology Department, Kunshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215332, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Ni
- Cardiology Department, Kunshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215332, P.R. China
| | - Feilong Chen
- Cardiology Department, Kunshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215332, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yu
- Cardiology Department, Kunshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215332, P.R. China
| | - Jiasheng Wen
- Cardiology Department, Kunshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215332, P.R. China
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Kakkar RA, Haneen MA, Parida AC, Sharma G. The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139215. [PMID: 37575934 PMCID: PMC10421671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanity will always be indebted to plants. In the ongoing scientific era, the 'Herbal Revolution' has helped discover several valuable medicinal plants and associated novel secondary metabolites from the diverse unexplored ecosystems, treating several diseases via phytotherapy. The Aconitum genus comprises several economically-important poisonous mountainous medicinal plant species whose unique biodiversity is on the verge of extinction due to illegal human intervention triggered habitat loss, over-harvesting, and unrestricted trading. Owing to its vast diversity of diterpene alkaloids, most species are extensively used to treat several ailments in rural parts of the world. Irrespective of this, many unexplored and intriguing prospects exist to understand and utilize this critical plant for human benefit. This systematic review tries to fill this gap by compiling information from the sporadically available literature known for ~300 Aconitum spp. regarding its nomenclature and classification, endangerment, plant morphology, ploidy, secondary metabolites, drug pharmacokinetics, conservation, and omics-based computational studies. We also depicted the disparity in the studied model organisms for this diverse genus. The absence of genomic/metagenomic data is becoming a limiting factor in understanding its plant physiology, metabolic pathways, and plant-microbes interactions, and therefore must be promoted. Additionally, government support and public participation are crucial in establishing conservation protocols to save this plant from endangerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mariam Azeezuddin Haneen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
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Tiwari S, Acharya P, Solanki B, Sharma AK, Rawat S. A review on efforts for improvement in medicinally important chemical constituents in Aconitum through biotechnological interventions. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:190. [PMID: 37193333 PMCID: PMC10183062 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aconitum belongs to the family Ranunculaceae, is endowed with more than 350 species on the earth. Medicinally important aconitine type of diterpenoid alkaloids are the characteristic compounds in most of the Aconitum species. The present review endeavored the major research carried out in the field of genetic resource characterization, pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, major factors influencing quantity, biosynthetic pathways and processing methods for recovery of active ingredients, variety improvement, propagation methods, and important metabolite production through cell/organ culture of various Aconitum species. More than 450 derivatives of aconitine-type C19 and C20-diterpenoid alkaloids along with a few other non-alkaloidal compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and fatty acids, have been identified in the genus. A few Aconitum species and their common diterpenoid alkaloid compounds are also well characterized for analgesic, inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. However, the different isolated compound needs to be validated for supporting other traditional therapeutical uses of the plant species. Aconitine alkaloids shared common biosynthesis pathway, but their diversification mechanism remains unexplored in the genus. Furthermore, the process needs to be developed on secondary metabolite recovery, mass-scale propagation methods, and agro-technologies for maintaining the quality of products. Many species are losing their existence in nature due to over-exploitation or anthropogenic factors; thus, temporal monitoring of the population status in its habitat, and suitable management programs for ascertaining conservation needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, P. P. Savani University, Surat, Gujarat India
| | - Puja Acharya
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok, Sikkim India
| | - Bharat Solanki
- Department of Biochemistry, M. B. Patel Science College, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Anish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, P. P. Savani University, Surat, Gujarat India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok, Sikkim India
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Mao L, Jin B, Chen L, Tian M, Ma R, Yin B, Zhang H, Guo J, Tang J, Chen T, Lai C, Cui G, Huang L. Functional identification of the terpene synthase family involved in diterpenoid alkaloids biosynthesis in Aconitum carmichaelii. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3310-3321. [PMID: 34729318 PMCID: PMC8546855 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii is a high-value medicinal herb widely used across China, Japan, and other Asian countries. Aconitine-type diterpene alkaloids (DAs) are the characteristic compounds in Aconitum. Although six transcriptomes, based on short-read next generation sequencing technology, have been reported from the Aconitum species, the terpene synthase (TPS) corresponding to DAs biosynthesis remains unidentified. We apply a combination of Pacbio isoform sequencing and RNA sequencing to provide a comprehensive view of the A. carmichaelii transcriptome. Nineteen TPSs and five alternative splicing isoforms belonging to TPS-b, TPS-c, and TPS-e/f subfamilies were identified. In vitro enzyme reaction analysis functional identified two sesqui-TPSs and twelve diTPSs. Seven of the TPS-c subfamily genes reacted with GGPP to produce the intermediate ent-copalyl diphosphate. Five AcKSLs separately reacted with ent-CPP to produce ent-kaurene, ent-atiserene, and ent-13-epi-sandaracopimaradie: a new diterpene found in Aconitum. AcTPSs gene expression in conjunction DAs content analysis in different tissues validated that ent-CPP is the sole precursor to all DAs biosynthesis, with AcKSL1, AcKSL2s and AcKSL3-1 responsible for C20 atisine and napelline type DAs biosynthesis, respectively. These data clarified the molecular basis for the C20-DAs biosynthetic pathway in A. carmichaelii and pave the way for further exploration of C19-DAs biosynthesis in the Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Biwei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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6
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Liu S, Deng P, Long Y, Yang S, Zhu J, Li K, Lai C, Yang W, Chen J. Two New Alkaloids from Fuzi and Their Metabolites Study. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100388. [PMID: 34390181 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Former study suggests alkaloids from herbs of Aconitum genus plants possess excellent bioactivities, which exert great value for related deeper chemical constituent investigation. Herein, chemical isolation was performed and four alkaloids were isolated from Fuzi, of which two were new ones, and the other two were reported NMR data for the first time. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR data, high resolution MS, UV and IR analysis. Additionally, the MS fragmentation patterns were explored, formerly, that of hetisane alkaloid was rarely reported, and fragmentation mechanism of the diagnostic ion was proposed. Based on these fragment pathway, metabolites and metabolic pathways of four compounds were investigated in rat liver microsomes using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, and dehydrogenation product was firstly found from metabolites of hetisane alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Liu
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Pei Deng
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yihong Long
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shushu Yang
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Junshuo Zhu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kunsheng Li
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Weiran Yang
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Shu Y, Wang JP, Cai XY, Li XL, Hu JT, Sun CT, Cai L, Ding ZT. Stylosines A and B, anti-inflammatory diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum stylosum. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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