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Qu SL, Li SS, Li D, Zhao PJ. Metabolites and Their Bioactivities from the Genus Cordyceps. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1489. [PMID: 35893547 PMCID: PMC9330831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cordyceps genus is a group of ascomycete parasitic fungi, and all known species of this genus are endoparasites; they mainly feed on insects or arthropods and a few feed on other fungi. Fungi of this genus have evolved highly specific and complex mechanisms to escape their host's immune system and coordinate their life cycle coefficients with those of their hosts for survival and reproduction; this mechanism has led to the production of distinctive metabolites in response to the host's defenses. Herein, we review approximately 131 metabolites discovered in the genus Cordyceps (including mycelium, fruiting bodies and fungal complexes) in the past 15 years, which can be used as an important source for new drug research and development. We summarize chemical structures, bioactivity and the potential application of these natural metabolites. We have excluded some reports that originally belonged to Cordyceps, but whose taxonomic attribution is no longer the Cordyceps genus. This can and will serve as a resource for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei-Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (S.-L.Q.); (S.-S.L.); (D.L.)
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2
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Zhu J, Li L, Drelich A, Chenna BC, Mellott DM, Taylor ZW, Tat V, Garcia CZ, Katzfuss A, Tseng CTK, Meek TD. Self-Masked Aldehyde Inhibitors of Human Cathepsin L Are Potent Anti-CoV-2 Agents. Front Chem 2022; 10:867928. [PMID: 35860632 PMCID: PMC9291521 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.867928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases comprise an important class of drug targets, especially for infectious diseases such as Chagas disease (cruzain) and COVID-19 (3CL protease, cathepsin L). Peptide aldehydes have proven to be potent inhibitors for all of these proteases. However, the intrinsic, high electrophilicity of the aldehyde group is associated with safety concerns and metabolic instability, limiting the use of aldehyde inhibitors as drugs. We have developed a novel class of compounds, self-masked aldehyde inhibitors (SMAIs) which are based on the dipeptide aldehyde inhibitor (Cbz-Phe-Phe-CHO, 1), for which the P1 Phe group contains a 1′-hydroxy group, effectively, an o-tyrosinyl aldehyde (Cbz-Phe-o-Tyr-CHO, 2; (Li et al. (2021) J. Med. Chem. 64, 11,267–11,287)). Compound 2 and other SMAIs exist in aqueous mixtures as stable δ-lactols, and apparent catalysis by the cysteine protease cruzain, the major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, results in the opening of the lactol ring to afford the aldehydes which then form reversible thiohemiacetals with the enzyme. These SMAIs are also potent, time-dependent inhibitors of human cathepsin L (Ki = 11–60 nM), an enzyme which shares 36% amino acid identity with cruzain. As inactivators of cathepsin L have recently been shown to be potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in infected mammalian cells (Mellott et al. (2021) ACS Chem. Biol. 16, 642–650), we evaluated SMAIs in VeroE6 and A549/ACE2 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. These SMAIs demonstrated potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with values of EC50 = 2–8 μM. We also synthesized pro-drug forms of the SMAIs in which the hydroxyl groups of the lactols were O-acylated. Such pro-drug SMAIs resulted in significantly enhanced anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (EC50 = 0.3–0.6 μM), demonstrating that the O-acylated-SMAIs afforded a level of stability within infected cells, and are likely converted to SMAIs by the action of cellular esterases. Lastly, we prepared and characterized an SMAI in which the sidechain adjacent to the terminal aldehyde is a 2-pyridonyl-alanine group, a mimic of both phenylalanine and glutamine. This compound (9) inhibited both cathepsin L and 3CL protease at low nanomolar concentrations, and also exerted anti-CoV-2 activity in an infected human cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Bala C. Chenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Drake M. Mellott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Zane W. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Vivian Tat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Z. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ardala Katzfuss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Chien-Te K. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas D. Meek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas D. Meek,
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Duan C, Wang S, Huo R, Li E, Wang M, Ren J, Pan Y, Liu L, Liu G. Sorbicillinoid Derivatives with the Radical Scavenging Activities from the Marine-Derived Fungus Acremonium chrysogenum C10. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050530. [PMID: 35628785 PMCID: PMC9144096 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorbicillinoids are a class of structurally diverse hexaketide metabolites with good biological activities. To explore new structural sorbicillinoids and their bioactivities, the marine-derived fungus Acremonium chrysogenum C10 was studied. Three new sorbicillinoid derivatives, acresorbicillinols A–C (1–3), along with five known ones, trichotetronine (4), trichodimerol (5), demethyltrichodimerol (6), trichopyrone (7) and oxosorbicillinol (8), were isolated. The structures of new sorbicillinoids were elucidated by analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of compounds 1–3 were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 3 exhibited a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, with the IC50 value ranging from 11.53 ± 1.53 to 60.29 ± 6.28 μM in 24 h. Additionally, compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Cryptococcus neoformans, with IC50 values of 86.93 ± 1.72 and 69.06 ± 10.50 μM, respectively. The boundary of sorbicillinoid biosynthetic gene cluster in A. chrysogenum was confirmed by transcriptional analysis, and the biosynthetic pathway of compounds 1–8 was also proposed. In summary, our results indicated that A. chrysogenum is an important reservoir of sorbicillinoid derivatives, and compound 3 has the potential for new natural agents in DPPH radical scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.D.); (S.W.); (R.H.); (J.R.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.D.); (S.W.); (R.H.); (J.R.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiyun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.D.); (S.W.); (R.H.); (J.R.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erwei Li
- China Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.D.); (S.W.); (R.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.D.); (S.W.); (R.H.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (L.L.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-10-64806113 (Y.P.); +86-10-64807043 (L.L.); +86-10-64806017 (G.L.)
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.D.); (S.W.); (R.H.); (J.R.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (L.L.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-10-64806113 (Y.P.); +86-10-64807043 (L.L.); +86-10-64806017 (G.L.)
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.D.); (S.W.); (R.H.); (J.R.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (L.L.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-10-64806113 (Y.P.); +86-10-64807043 (L.L.); +86-10-64806017 (G.L.)
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Kasai Y, Ogawa T, Kawata M, Tanigawa K, Elshamy AI, Yoneyama T, Noji M, Umeyama A, Imagawa H. Short-step Synthesis of Cordytakaoamide B and Cordycepamide C via Intramolecular Regioselective Oxidation-Lactone Formation. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221099141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ortho-tyrosinol derivative, as a key synthetic intermediate for alkaloidal metabolites of Cordyceps, was synthesized from L-phenylalanine methyl ester via condensation with crotonic acid and oxidative intramolecular lactone formation by using phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate). Subsequent elongation of the side chain involving a cross-metathesis reaction and deprotection yielded cordytakaoamide B and cordycepamide C in notably few synthetic steps. Furthermore, the S-configurations at the C-2 position of both cordytakaoamide B and cordycepamide C were confirmed by comparison with the sign of the optical rotation of the synthetic sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kasai
- Chemistry of Functional Molecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ogawa
- Chemistry of Functional Molecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mao Kawata
- Chemistry of Functional Molecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kana Tanigawa
- Chemistry of Functional Molecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuro Yoneyama
- Phamacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Noji
- Phamacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akemi Umeyama
- Phamacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imagawa
- Chemistry of Functional Molecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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New Diterpenoids and Isocoumarin Derivatives from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Hypoxylon sp. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070362. [PMID: 34202523 PMCID: PMC8305793 DOI: 10.3390/md19070362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new diterpenoids, hypoxyterpoids A (1) and B (2), and four new isocoumarin derivatives, hypoxymarins A–D (4–7), together, with seven known metabolites (3 and 8–13) were obtained from the crude extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Hypoxylon sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1- and 2-dimensional (1D/2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis. The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and the absolute configurations of C-4′ in 6 and C-9 in 7 were determined by [Rh2(OCOCF3)4]-induced ECD spectra. Compound 1 showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 741.5 ± 2.83 μM. Compounds 6 and 11 exhibited DPPH scavenging activities with IC50 values of 15.36 ± 0.24 and 3.69 ± 0.07 μM, respectively.
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Liu S, Fan W, Ren J, Wang W, Liu X, Liang Y, Wei T, Li E. Peniterpenoids A-C, new sesquiterpenoid metabolites from a wheat cyst nematode Penicillium janthinellum. Fitoterapia 2020; 148:104801. [PMID: 33309650 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new sesquiterpenoids, peniterpenoids A - C (1-3), together with six known metabolites (4-9) were isolated from an entomogenous fungus Penicillium janthinellum (LB1.20090001) collected from a wheat cyst nematode. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of the C-8 secondary alcohol of peniterpenoid B (2) was determined by [Rh2(OCOCF3)4]-induced ECD experiment. Subsequently, the antimicrobial and DPPH scavenging activities were determined. Compounds 6-8 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (CGMCC1.2465) with MIC values of 25.0, 50.0 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yonghong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Erwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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