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Wei Y, Dong WH, Li W, Zeng J, Chen HQ, Huang SZ, Yang L, Mei WL, Wang YL, Guo ZY, Dai HF, Wang H. Six unprecedented 2-(2-phenethyl)chromone dimers from agarwood of Aquilaria filaria. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105905. [PMID: 38479616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Six new dimeric 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (1-6) were successfully isolated from the ethanol extract of agarwood of Aquilaria filaria from Philippines under HPLC-MS guidance. Compounds 1-6 are all dimers formed by linking 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone and flindersia 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone via a single ether bond, and the linkage site (C5-O-C8'') of compound 2 is extremely rare. A variety of spectroscopic methods were used to ascertain their structures, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, HRESIMS, and comparison with literature. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities of each isolate were assessed. Among these compounds, compound 2 had a tyrosinase inhibition effect with an IC50 value of 27.71 ± 2.60 μM, and compound 4 exhibited moderate inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 35.40 ± 1.04 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Product Research and Development (China Three Gorges University), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Dong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Jun Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Hui-Qin Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Sheng-Zhuo Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Product Research and Development (China Three Gorges University), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China.
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2
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Gaspar A, Garrido EMP, Borges F, Garrido JM. Biological and Medicinal Properties of Natural Chromones and Chromanones. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21706-21726. [PMID: 38799321 PMCID: PMC11112580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Emerging threats to human health require a concerted effort to search for new treatment therapies. One of the biggest challenges is finding medicines with few or no side effects. Natural products have historically contributed to major advances in the field of pharmacotherapy, as they offer special characteristics compared to conventional synthetic molecules. Interest in natural products is being revitalized, in a continuous search for lead structures that can be used as models for the development of new medicines by the pharmaceutical industry. Chromone and chromanones are recognized as privileged structures and useful templates for the design of diversified therapeutic molecules with potential pharmacological interest. Chromones and chromanones are widely distributed in plants and fungi, and significant biological activities, namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, etc., have been reported for these compounds, suggesting their potential as lead drug candidates. This review aims to update the literature published over the last 6 years (2018-2023) regarding the natural occurrence and biological activity of chromones and chromanones, highlighting the recent findings and the perspectives that they hold for future research and applications namely in health, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP-IMS,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal
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Hao J, Zhou J, Lin P, Wu J. Quantitative comparison and evaluation between aerial and underground parts of Gentiana straminea through simultaneous determination of five major compounds by RP-HPLC. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29232. [PMID: 38660265 PMCID: PMC11040066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Family Gentianaceae), "Ma Hua Jiao" in Chinese, is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Secoiridoids and flavonoids have been identified as the major active components of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hepatitis, rheumatism and many other diseases. It is the overharvesting of the roots of this plant for medicinal purposes that has led to a drastic decline in its population. In the present study, the above and below ground parts of Gentian Bitter Glycine were quantitatively compared and evaluated for the determination of the major active constituents. Five major compounds, loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweorside and isoorientin, were extracted by solvent extraction technique and analyzed by Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). By analysing the principal components and calculating the composite scores, the results show that the aboveground component in different areas ranked higher compared to the underground component, with the former being able to substitute to some extent for the latter's underground component. Finally, based on hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified the ideal natural growing region for aerial parts of G. straminea distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The significance of this work is that we can balance the demand for herbs with environmental preservation by selectively picking the aerial parts, which can regrow next year, instead of removing the whole plant. It protects the fragile ecological environment of the Tibetan Plateau and is important for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Hao
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
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Yang HR, Wang H, Wang P, Liu FZ, Chai HX, Cai CH, Yang L, Yuan JZ, Jiang B, Mei WL, Dai HF. Bi-2-(2-phenethyl)chromone derivatives from agarwood of Aquilaria filaria in the Philippines. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 222:114108. [PMID: 38663825 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed 2-(2-phenethyl)chromone dimers (1-12) were isolated from EtOAc extract of agarwood originating from Aquilaria filaria in the Philippines, guided by a UHPLC-MS analysis. Their structures were elucidated by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectra. The absolute configuration of 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone dimers was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 9-12 exhibited potent to moderate anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values in the range of 22.43 ± 0.86 to 53.88 ± 4.06 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Run Yang
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, 671000, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - Pei Wang
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - Fang-Zheng Liu
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, 671000, PR China
| | - Hong-Xing Chai
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, 671000, PR China
| | - Cai-Hong Cai
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - Jing-Zhe Yuan
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, 671000, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China; International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China.
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China; International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, 571101, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, 671000, PR China.
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Wang A, Liu J, Huang L. Comparative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome in Different Tissue Sites of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Molecules 2024; 29:1075. [PMID: 38474587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The resinous stem of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg is the sole legally authorized source of agarwood in China. However, whether other tissue parts can be potential substitutes for agarwood requires further investigation. In this study, we conducted metabolic analysis and transcriptome sequencing of six distinct tissues (root, stem, leaf, seed, husk, and callus) of A. sinensis to investigate the variations in metabolite distribution characteristics and transcriptome data across different tissues. A total of 331 differential metabolites were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), of which 22.96% were terpenoids. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA sequencing were enriched in sesquiterpene synthesis via the mevalonate pathway. The present study establishes a solid foundation for exploring potential alternatives to agarwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Yang Z, Mei W, Wang H, Zeng J, Dai H, Ding X. Comprehensive Analysis of NAC Transcription Factors Reveals Their Evolution in Malvales and Functional Characterization of AsNAC019 and AsNAC098 in Aquilaria sinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17384. [PMID: 38139213 PMCID: PMC10744133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
NAC is a class of plant-specific transcription factors that are widely involved in the growth, development and (a)biotic stress response of plants. However, their molecular evolution has not been extensively studied in Malvales, especially in Aquilaria sinensis, a commercial and horticultural crop that produces an aromatic resin named agarwood. In this study, 1502 members of the NAC gene family were identified from the genomes of nine species from Malvales and three model plants. The macroevolutionary analysis revealed that whole genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) have shaped the current architectural structure of NAC gene families in Malvales plants. Then, 111 NAC genes were systemically characterized in A. sinensis. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that NAC genes in A. sinensis can be classified into 16 known clusters and four new subfamilies, with each subfamily presenting similar gene structures and conserved motifs. RNA-seq analysis showed that AsNACs presents a broad transcriptional response to the agarwood inducer. The expression patterns of 15 AsNACs in A. sinensis after injury treatment indicated that AsNAC019 and AsNAC098 were positively correlated with the expression patterns of four polyketide synthase (PKS) genes. Additionally, AsNAC019 and AsNAC098 were also found to bind with the AsPKS07 promoter and activate its transcription. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the molecular evolution of the NAC gene family in Malvales plants and highlights the potential mechanisms of AsNACs for regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis in A. sinensis, especially for the biosynthesis of 2-(2-phenyl) chromones in agarwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenli Mei
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Haofu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xupo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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