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Dutta J, Lahon D, Bora PK, Bhuyan M, Haldar S. A high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quality assessment of agarwood ( Aquilaria malaccensis) oil from Northeast India. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1634-1638. [PMID: 36580576 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2162516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The high-value agarwood oil, largely used in perfumery is generally graded by the traditional method of sensorial assessment. The compositional complexity and variation made its quality control challenging. Besides, non-volatile contaminants and adulterants are the bottlenecks in gas-chromatographic detection. Herein, a HPTLC based technique was developed for the quality assessment of agarwood oil from Northeast India. A 'marker band' (anisylacetone and oxygenated sesquiterpene rich) on HPTLC profile, containing major peaks of the oil and characteristic agarwood aroma was quantified to assess the quality. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, recovery and precision. The application of the method in test samples of three different grades indicated a positive correlation between 'marker band' quantity and oil quality. Its abundance in the superior grade oil was >50% and <20% in poor grade. It can be an efficient analytical tool for the quality assessment and grading of agarwood oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyashree Dutta
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Doulat Lahon
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Pranjit Kumar Bora
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mantu Bhuyan
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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Li Q, Wei P, Li Y, Fu Y. Optimization of Extraction Process and Analysis of Biological Activity of Flavonoids from Leaves of Cultivated 'Qi-Nan' Agarwood. Molecules 2024; 29:1828. [PMID: 38675648 PMCID: PMC11053590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the planting of 'Qi-Nan' is continuously increasing, yet a substantial amount of 'Qi-Nan' leaves have not been properly exploited. To improve the 'Qi-Nan' tree 's utilization value, 'Qi-Nan' leaves were used as a raw material. An ultrasound-assisted method was performed to obtain the flavonoids from the 'Qi-Nan' leaves, followed by optimization of the extraction factors using a one-way and response surface methodology to enhance the extraction of flavonoids. Subsequently, the composition of the flavonoids, as well as their bioactive abilities, were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and in vitro activity testing methods. The findings demonstrated that a 1:50 material-to-liquid ratio, 60% ethanol concentration, and ultrasound-assisted extraction time of 30 min were the ideal procedures for extracting flavonoids (flavonoid content: 6.68%). Meanwhile, the 'Qi-Nan' leaves possessed the antioxidant and medicinal potential to prevent diabetes and Alzheimer 's disease, as evidenced by the semi-inhibitory concentrations (IC50 values) of flavonoid extracts for scavenging DPPH• free radicals, scavenging ABTS•+ free radicals, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, and inhibiting α-glucosidase, which were 12.64 μg/mL, 66.58 μg/mL, 102.31 μg/mL, and 38.76 μg/mL, respectively, which indicated that the 'Qi-Nan' leaves possessed the properties of antioxidant and medicinal potential for the prevention of Alzheimer 's disease and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yunlin Fu
- School of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530011, China; (Q.L.); (P.W.); (Y.L.)
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Hu B, Ling SJ, Liu X, Huang JB, Cui H, Zhao ZX. Two new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives and two sesquiterpenes from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis with anti-inflammatory activity. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105824. [PMID: 38244895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Two new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (1-2), two new sesquiterpenes (12-13), and twelve known compounds (3-11, 14-16) were isolated from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis. These structures were confirmed by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The absolute configurations of two new sesquiterpenes were determined by comparing the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Among them, 7,8-dihydroxy-2-[2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (2) was the first time found that the hydroxyl groups at both C-7/C-8 in agarwood. And Aseudesm B (13), the aldehyded methyl group at C-5 of eucalyptane sesquiterpenes was first discovered in natural products. In the bioassays, all compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-activated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 2-5, 7, 9-10, and 13-14 revealed notable inhibitory effects against NO production with IC50 values ranging from 4.0 to 13.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Jing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Bo Huang
- Zhongshan Wuguishan Agarwood Industry Chain Co., Ltd., 528458, China
| | - Hui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Zhong-Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Yang YL, Sun HD, Yang J, Liu CZ, Kang CZ, Liu J, Guo LP. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) molecular networking guided profiling of small molecules from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg leaves and their bioactivity evaluation. Phytochem Anal 2024; 35:135-145. [PMID: 37743673 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agarwood, a fragrant resinous wood mainly formed by Aquilaria spp., is used worldwide as a natural fragrance and traditional medicine. A large amount of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg leaves are underutilised during the process of the agarwood industry, and the development of A. sinensis leaves as tea has recently attracted more and more attention. However, the small molecule profile of A. sinensis leaves and their bioactivities has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE To conduct a rapid untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of A. sinensis leaves with a molecular networking (MN) strategy and evaluate its antioxidant and antidiabetic value. METHOD A MN-assisted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis strategy was used to investigate the small molecule profile of A. sinensis leaves. Additionally, the integration of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays with MN analysis was executed to expeditiously characterise the bioactive compounds for potential prospective application. RESULTS Five main chemical groups including phenol C-glycosides, organic acids, 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones, benzophenone O-glycosides and flavonoids were rapidly revealed from the A. sinensis leaves. Eighty-one compounds were provisionally identified by comparing their MS/MS fragments with canonical pathways. The featured xanthone C-glycosides and benzophenone C-glycosides were recognised as the primary components of A. sinensis leaves. Several dimers and a trimer of mangiferin were reported firstly in A. sinensis leaves. Furthermore, 17 and 14 potential bioactive molecules were rapidly annotated from antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory fraction, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings will help expand the utilisation of A. sinensis leaves and thus promote the high-quality development of agarwood industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Yang
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Di Sun
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zheng Liu
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
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Otsuki K, Kobayashi T, Nakamura K, Kikuchi T, Huang L, Chen CH, Koike K, Li W. LC-MS identification, isolation, and structural elucidation of anti-HIV macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters from Edgeworthia chrysantha. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105731. [PMID: 37935270 PMCID: PMC10842090 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters (MDOs) with a 1-alkyl group originating from a C14 aliphatic chain is extremely limited in the plant kingdom and has only been isolated from Edgeworthia chrysantha. In the present study, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed on different parts of E. chrysantha, including flower buds, flowers, leaves, and stems, and resulted in the identification of seven MDOs in all the four plant parts, including two previously unreported compounds 1 and 7. Further LC-MS guided isolation was carried out to afford compounds 1 and 7, and their structures were determined by various spectroscopic analyses. These compounds were also evaluated for anti-HIV activity, thus expanding insights into the structure-activity relationships for MDOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouharu Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Li Huang
- Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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Yang Z, Mei W, Wang H, Zeng J, Dai H, Ding X. Comprehensive Analysis of NAC Transcription Factors Reveals Their Evolution in Malvales and Functional Characterization of AsNAC019 and AsNAC098 in Aquilaria sinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17384. [PMID: 38139213 PMCID: PMC10744133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
NAC is a class of plant-specific transcription factors that are widely involved in the growth, development and (a)biotic stress response of plants. However, their molecular evolution has not been extensively studied in Malvales, especially in Aquilaria sinensis, a commercial and horticultural crop that produces an aromatic resin named agarwood. In this study, 1502 members of the NAC gene family were identified from the genomes of nine species from Malvales and three model plants. The macroevolutionary analysis revealed that whole genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) have shaped the current architectural structure of NAC gene families in Malvales plants. Then, 111 NAC genes were systemically characterized in A. sinensis. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that NAC genes in A. sinensis can be classified into 16 known clusters and four new subfamilies, with each subfamily presenting similar gene structures and conserved motifs. RNA-seq analysis showed that AsNACs presents a broad transcriptional response to the agarwood inducer. The expression patterns of 15 AsNACs in A. sinensis after injury treatment indicated that AsNAC019 and AsNAC098 were positively correlated with the expression patterns of four polyketide synthase (PKS) genes. Additionally, AsNAC019 and AsNAC098 were also found to bind with the AsPKS07 promoter and activate its transcription. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the molecular evolution of the NAC gene family in Malvales plants and highlights the potential mechanisms of AsNACs for regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis in A. sinensis, especially for the biosynthesis of 2-(2-phenyl) chromones in agarwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenli Mei
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Haofu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xupo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.Y.); (W.M.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
- International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Wu J, Ye Z, Liao C, Li R, Chen X. Terpenoids from the Roots of Stellera chamaejasme (L.) and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2023; 28:7726. [PMID: 38067457 PMCID: PMC10707970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An undescribed diterpene, stellerterpenoid A (1), and two undescribed sesquiterpenoids, stellerterpenoids B and C (2-3), together with six known compounds, prostratin (4) stelleraguaianone B (5), chamaejasnoid A (6), auranticanol L (7), wikstronone C (8), and oleodaphnone (9), were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, IR, UV, and HR-ESI-MS). The absolute configuration of 1-3 was elucidated based on ECD calculation. Among them, stellerterpenoid A was a rare 13, 14-seco nortigliane diterpenoid and stellerterpenoid B was a guaiacane-type sesquiterpenoid with an unusual 1, 2-diketone moiety. The known stelleraguaianone B (5) exhibited moderate activity for suppressing NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells with an IC50 value of 24.76 ± 0.4 μM. None of the compounds showed anti-influenza virus or anti-tumor activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhujun Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Caicen Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for Respiratory Viral Diseases of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuanqin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for Respiratory Viral Diseases of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
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Wu Z, Yu L. Characteristic quality analysis for biologically induced agarwood columns in Aquilaria sinensis. Environ Res 2023; 235:116633. [PMID: 37459949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Current artificial agarwood-inducing techniques yield low quality and quantities of agarwood. On account of unclear agarwood formation mechanism there's still no high-efficiency agarwood inducing method globally spread. In this study, a complete agarwood column was taken out of the live tree trunk at 6 months post-treatment by a novel agarwood-inducing method (Agar-Bit) in cultivated Aquilaria sinensis trees, and was first divided into 8 parts (A1-4, B1-4) involving agarwood layer (A part) and brown inner layer (B part) according to its color and length for analysis. These eight parts were analyzed microscope observation, 6 chromones' contents and characteristic chromatograms by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer) with to determine chemical changes. Other quality characteristics, TLC (thin-layer chromatography) and alcohol soluble extraction content, were also determined. Our results showed that resin changed with A to B part and microstructure changed with length. Six chromones in the eight parts varied with layers. Result of characteristic chromatograms showed that both A and B parts contained six characteristic peaks. Volatile component distributed mainly in A part, but important chromones were also detected in B parts. Results from TLC and alcohol soluble extraction content also showed that B part contained characteristic compounds of agarwood. In addition, some compounds in the essential oil detected by GC-MS in A part produced by Agar-Bit were similar to that found in natural agarwood, compounds in B parts were similar to BC agarwood, as were the results for the TLC and alcohol soluble extraction content. In conclusion, the chemical distribution obtained here from Agar-Bit could provide some clues to optimize high production and high efficiency stimulating method for whole tree full of resin in Aquilaria sinensis and to reveal the subtle agarwood formation mechanism throughout a whole trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
| | - Liangwen Yu
- Dongguan Research Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523007,China; College of Chinese Materia Medical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; Guangdong Yunfu Vocational Colleage of Chinese Medicine, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527300, China
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Yang ZH, Fang HB, Tao CT, Jiao YB, Cheng YX. Eight new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis with anti-inflammatory activity. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105564. [PMID: 37295754 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously unknown 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives, called aquichromones A - E (1-3, 5 and 6) and 8-epi-aquichromone C (4), including two pairs of enantiomers [(±)-1 and (±)-2] were isolated from the agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis. The structures and absolute stereochemistry of these natural products were elucidated by using spectroscopic and computational methods. The result of biological assay showed that two members of this group, 4 and 5, have significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Fang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Tian Tao
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Bin Jiao
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.
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Otsuki K, Li W. Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from Thymelaeaceae family: chemistry, biological activity, and potential in drug discovery. J Nat Med 2023; 77:625-643. [PMID: 37294498 PMCID: PMC10465420 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids are characteristically distributed in plants of the Thymelaeaceae family as well as the Euphorbiaceae family and are structurally diverse due to the presence of polyoxygenated functionalities in the polycyclic skeleton. These diterpenoids are known as toxic components, while they have been shown to exhibit a wide variety of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-HIV, and analgesic activity, and are attracting attention in the field of natural product drug discovery. This review focuses on naturally occurring tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from plants of the Thymelaeaceae family and provides an overview of their chemical structure, distribution, isolation, structure determination, chemical synthesis, and biological activities, with a prime focus on the recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouharu Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
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11
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Huang XL, Cai D, Gao P, Wang JG, Cheng YX. Aquilariperoxide A, a Sesquiterpene Dimer from Agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis with Dual Antitumor and Antimalarial Effects. J Org Chem 2023; 88:8352-8359. [PMID: 37195129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquilariperoxide A (1), an unprecedented sesquiterpene dimer characterized by a dioxepane ring connecting two sesquiterpene units via a C-C bond, was isolated from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis-containing resins. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic and computational methods. A bioassay revealed that 1 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and migration in human cancer cells. The mechanism of 1 against cancer cells was briefly discussed by analysis of RNA sequence data and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Besides, the antimalarial activity of 1 was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Huang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Dan Cai
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, PR China
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12
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Ding K, Wu ZY, Zhang N, He J, Zhang F, Wu JJ, Bai HJ, Zhang WK, Li L, Xu JK. Stelleratenoids A-F, macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters with anti-HIV activity from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113648. [PMID: 36963707 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters, stelleratenoids A-F (1-6), were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS and NMR spectra. Compound 1 features an unusual terminal double bond at C-2/C-19 in the 1α-alkyldaphnane lactone skeleton. Compounds 2-4 are unique in the presence of different long chain fatty acyl groups. Compounds 5 and 6 are unique examples of modified macrocyclic daphnane diterpenoids. All the isolates were evaluated for anti-HIV activity in MT-2 cells. Among them, compounds 1, 5 and 6 exhibited highly potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 values of 66.70, 10.62 and 55.10 nM, respectively, possessing high potential to develop new anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yao Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jin Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhang H, Ma JL, Chang C, Ta H, Zhao YF, Shi SP, Song YL, Tu PF, Huo HX, Zheng J, Li J. Gastroprotective 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-sesquiterpene hybrids from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106396. [PMID: 36758274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Six previously unprecedented 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-sesquiterpene hybrids, aquisinenins A-F (1 - 6), were isolated from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis by a LC-MS-guided fractionation procedure. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and HRMS) and experimental and computed ECD data. Compounds 1 - 6 were rare dimeric 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-sesquiterpene derivatives featuring 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone hybridized with different sesquiterpene (eudesmane/guaiane type) moieties via ester bond. Furthermore, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for their protective effects on taurocholic acid (TCA)-induced GES-1 cell injury. The most effective aquisinenin F (6) was used to elucidate the involved mechanism on protection against TCA-induced gastric mucosal damage. Our results indicated that 6 protected against gastric mucosal cell insult by downregulation of the ER stress triggered by TCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - He Ta
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Yuan FY, Tang ZY, Yan XL, Huang D, Weng HZ, Huang JL, Fan RZ, Chen Y, Yin S, Tang GH. Diversity of sesquiterpenoids from Stellera chamaejasme with neuroprotective effects. Phytochemistry 2023; 208:113588. [PMID: 36693579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic fractionation of the 95% EtOH extract of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme yielded 20 sesquiterpenoids of four different types, guaiane-, carotane-, sesquicarane-, and alpiniane-types. Among them, sesquistrachanoids A-F were previously undescribed ones, whose structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, the Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD experiment, and analysis of experimental and calculated 1D NMR and ECD data. Sesquistrachanoid A is a 2,3-seco-guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid with a α-pyrone core and sesquistrachanoid B is the first example of 8,9-seco-guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid featured with an 1,8-δ-lactone core. Sesquistrachanoid C is a guaiane sesquiterpenoid characterized by a peroxide bridge between C-8 and C-10. All sesquiterpenoids were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects on cell damage induced by sodium nitroprusside in PC-12 cells. The bioassay results showed that six compounds at 10 μM could restore the cell viability, being comparable to that of the positive control edaravone. The mechanistic study on the most pronounced activity compound, stelleraguaianone B, demonstrated that it played a neuroprotective role by promoting the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes to reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue-Long Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Han-Zhuang Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Luo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Run-Zhu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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15
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Chen F, Huang Y, Luo L, Wang Q, Huang N, Zhang Z, Li Z. Comprehensive Comparisons between Grafted Kynam Agarwood and Normal Agarwood on Traits, Composition, and In Vitro Activation of AMPK. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041667. [PMID: 36838655 PMCID: PMC9961698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarwood, a highly valuable resin/wood combination with diverse pharmacological activities but scarce supply, has a long history of being used as a medicine in several medical systems. Grafted Kynam agarwood (GKA) has been cultivated successfully recently and has the qualities meeting the definition of premium Kynam agarwood. However, there are few comprehensive comparisons between GKA and normal agarwood in terms of traits, global composition, and activity, and some key issues for GKA to be adopted into the traditional Chinese medical (TCM) system have not been elaborated. The two types of agarwood samples were evaluated in terms of trait characteristics, physicochemical indicators, key component groups, and global compositional profile. Furthermore, a molecular docking was performed to investigate the active ingredients. In vitro activity assays were performed to evaluate the activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by GKA and normal agarwood. The results revealed that, overall, the traits, microscopic characteristics, chemical composition types, and bioactivity between GKA and normal agarwood were similar. The main differences were the content of resin (ethanolic extract content), the content of key component groups, and the composition of the different parent structural groups of 2-(2-phenethyl) chromones (PECs). The contents of total PEC and ethanol extract content of GKA were significantly higher than those of normal agarwood. The MS-based high-throughput analysis revealed that GKA has higher concentrations of sesquiterpenes and flindersia-type 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (FTPECs) (m/z 250-312) than normal agarwood. Molecular docking revealed that parent structural groups of FTPECs activated multiple signaling pathways, including the AMPK pathway, suggesting that FTPECs are major active components in GKA. The aim of this paper is to describe the intrinsic reasons for GKA as a high-quality agarwood and a potential source for novel drug development. We combined high-throughput mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis to infer the different components of the two types of agarwood. Then we combined virtual screening and in vitro activity to construct a component/pharmacodynamic relationship to explore the causes of the activity differences between agarwood with different levels of quality and to identify potentially valuable lead compounds. This strategy can also be used for the comprehensive study of other TCMs with different qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Nanxi Huang
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Z.L.)
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16
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Li JT, Kuang TD, Chen HQ, Yang L, Wang H, Cai CH, Liu SB, Mei WL, Dai HF. New 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone derivatives from agarwood originating from Aquilaria sinensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2022; 24:1033-1040. [PMID: 34958625 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.2019222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new dimeric 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, aquilasinenones L and M (1 and 2), and one new monomer analogue, 5S, 6 R, 7S, 8 R-tetrahydroxy-[2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (3), together with two known compounds, were isolated from the artificial agarwood originating from Aquilaria sinensis. Compound 1 was the first structure found with C8-O-C4"' linkage among 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone dimers. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated based on 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopy, as well as by comparison with the literature. The absolute configuration was determined by ECD calculation. None of the compounds exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Tong-Dong Kuang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hui-Qin Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Cai-Hong Cai
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shou-Bai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement in Tropical Specific Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Specific Ornamental Plants Germplasm, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Asada Y, Otsuki K, Morooka M, Huang L, Chen CH, Koike K, Li W. Anti-HIV Macrocyclic Daphnane Orthoesters with an Unusual Macrocyclic Ring from Edgeworthia chrysantha. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2399-2405. [PMID: 36169204 PMCID: PMC10114293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Edgeworthianins A-E (1-5) were isolated from Edgeworthia chrysantha as a class of macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters with an unusual macrocyclic ring formed from a C14 aliphatic chain. Their structures were elucidated by extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 exhibited potent anti-HIV activity against HIV-1 infection of MT4 cells with EC50 values of 29.3, 8.4, and 2.9 nM, respectively. These compounds broaden the findings of the structure-activity relationship of macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters for further anti-HIV drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Asada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kouharu Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Morooka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Li Huang
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Pattarachotanant N, Sornkaew N, Warayanon W, Rangsinth P, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Vongthip W, Chuchawankul S, Prasansuklab A, Tencomnao T. Aquilaria crassna Leaf Extract Ameliorates Glucose-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Improves Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173668. [PMID: 36079924 PMCID: PMC9460374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the important causes of neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec (AC) has been widely used to relieve various health ailments. However, the neuroprotective and anti-aging effects against high glucose induction have not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hexane extract of AC leaves (ACH) in vitro using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in vivo using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. SH-SY5Y cells and C. elegans were pre-exposed with high glucose, followed by ACH treatment. To investigate neuroprotective activities, neurite outgrowth and cell cycle progression were determined in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, C. elegans was used to determine ACH effects on antioxidant activity, longevity, and healthspan. In addition, ACH phytochemicals were analyzed and the possible active compounds were identified using a molecular docking study. ACH exerted neuroprotective effects by inducing neurite outgrowth via upregulating growth-associated protein 43 and teneurin-4 expression and normalizing cell cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin D1 and SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, ACH prolonged lifespan, improved body size, body length, and brood size, and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation in high glucose-induced C. elegans via the activation of gene expression in the DAF-16/FoxO pathway. Finally, phytochemicals of ACH were analyzed and revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were the possible active constituents in inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFR). The results of this study establish ACH as an alternative medicine to defend against high glucose effects on neurotoxicity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaporn Pattarachotanant
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watis Warayanon
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wudtipong Vongthip
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-218-1533
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19
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Cheng ZY, Zhang DD, Ren JX, Li YL, Yao GD, Song SJ, Huang XX. Stellerasespenes A‒E: Sesquiterpenoids from Stellera chamaejasme and their anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Phytochemistry 2022; 201:113275. [PMID: 35718134 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed sesquiterpenoids stellerasespenes A‒E and four reported congeners were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme. The structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses together with X-ray single crystal diffraction and theoretical calculations. The structure of holosericin B was revised. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for NO production in murine microglial BV2 cells induced by LPS. Stellerasespene A showed better inhibitory activity than the positive control minocycline, inhibiting NO production and overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in LPS-activated BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, 110016, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province;110016, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, Liaoning Province;110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ding-Ding Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, 110016, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province;110016, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, Liaoning Province;110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Jing-Xian Ren
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, 110016, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province;110016, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, Liaoning Province;110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, 110016, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province;110016, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, Liaoning Province;110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, 110016, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province;110016, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, Liaoning Province;110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, 110016, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province;110016, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, Liaoning Province;110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, 110016, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province;110016, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, Liaoning Province;110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
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20
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Chen L, Liu Y, Li Y, Yin W, Cheng Y. Anti-Cancer Effect of Sesquiterpene and Triterpenoids from Agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165350. [PMID: 36014586 PMCID: PMC9413513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new guaiane sesquiterpenes, aquisinenoids A and B (1 and 2), two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids, aquisinenoids C and D (3 and 4), one new cucurbitacin, aquisinenoid E (5), and five known cucurbitacins (6–10) were isolated from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis. The structures of these new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were characterized by spectroscopic and computational methods. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 3 and 9 had an anti-cancer effect on most of the cancer cells at 5 μM, especially in human breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the new compound 3 exhibited more sensitivity on cancer cells than normal cells, highlighting its potential as a novel anti-cancer agent. Mechanically, compound 3 treatment increased the ROS generation and triggered apoptosis of human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wu Yin
- State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-0755-2690-2073 (Y.C.)
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-0755-2690-2073 (Y.C.)
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21
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Gu G, Jiang M, Hu H, Qiao W, Jin H, Hou T, Tao K. Neochamaejasmin B extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L. induces apoptosis through caspase-10-dependent way in insect neuronal cells. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2022; 110:e21892. [PMID: 35478464 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the toxicity mechanisms of neochamaejasmin B (NCB) extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L., we first evaluated its cytotoxicity in neuronal cells of Helicoverpa zea (AW1 cells). NCB inhibited cell growth and was cytotoxic to AW1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze the microstructure, and typical apoptotic characteristics were observed in AW1 cells treated with NCB. Moreover, the NCB-induced apoptosis was dose dependent. Subsequently, we explored the mechanism of apoptosis. A decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was found. Also, the levels of Bax were increased with increases in drug concentration, but there was no statistical difference in Bcl-2 levels at different NCB doses. Caspase-3 and caspase-10 activity was increased. These findings confirmed that NCB induced apoptosis in AW1 cells through a caspase-10-dependent mechanism. The results provide the basic information needed for understanding the toxicity and mechanisms of action of NCB, which could potentially be used to develop NCB as a new insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hanying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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22
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Takamatsu S, Ito M. Agarotetrol as an index for evaluating agarwood in crude drug products. J Nat Med 2022; 76:857-864. [PMID: 35690698 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Agarotetrol in agarwood has been detected in water extracts or decoctions from medical use agarwood but the detection of agarotetrol has not been reported from other crude drugs. Agarwood generates the sedative benzylacetone upon heating. In this study, crude drug products containing many kinds of crude drugs in addition to agarwood were analyzed. Agarotetrol was detected and quantified, demonstrating that agarotetrol is useful for the quality evaluation of agarwood in complex prescriptions. High-performance liquid chromatography conditions to clearly separate agarotetrol from crude drug products were established and agarotetrol from Kampo decoctions was detected and quantified. Agarotetrol was also detected even from small crude drug product samples. These results suggest that agarotetrol is a useful component for the quality evaluation of agarwood in crude drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Michiho Ito
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
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Cho HM, Zhang M, Park EJ, Lee BW, Park YJ, Kim HW, Pham HTT, Chin YW, Oh WK. Flavonostilbenes Isolated from the Stems of Rhamnoneuron balansae as Potential SIRT1 Activators. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:70-82. [PMID: 35040315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of cell damage result in aging, which gradually decreases human function in various aspects and leads to multiple age-related chronic diseases. To overcome the adverse effects of aging, silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue (SIRT1) activators are promising bioactive compounds that mimic calorie restriction to improve quality of life and prevent aging. In this study, 11 new flavonostilbenes (1-11) and three known compounds (12-14) were purified from stems of Rhamnoneuron balansae. The structures of the new compounds were determined using extensive data from spectroscopic methods, including NMR and HRESIMS. Their absolute configurations were deduced by ECD calculations with coupling constant analysis. All of the isolated new compounds (1-11) were evaluated for their effects on SIRT1 deacetylase activity, the NAD+/NADH ratio, and the AMP-activated protein kinase activation level in cell-based assays. The results showed that rhamnoneuronal D (1) exhibits promising biological activity in several in vitro models related to SIRT1 and suggest it is a potential natural-product-based antiaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Zhang
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Joo Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Thanh-Tung Pham
- Department of Botany, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 000084, Vietnam
| | - Young-Won Chin
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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24
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Baldovini N. The Chemistry of Agarwood Odorants. Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 2022; 118:47-100. [PMID: 35416517 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92030-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemistry of the fragrant infected heartwood of Aquilaria and Gyrinops species, agarwood (oud), is critically reviewed, highlighting the use of this remarkable natural raw material in perfumery. The chemistry of the two main groups of constituents of agarwood (sesquiterpenoids and chromones) is discussed, focusing particularly on the former structural type. The identities of the main key odorants of agarwood essential oil and of the smoke produced by heating the wood of agarwood are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Baldovini
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice, France.
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25
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Yuan JZ, Yang YL, Li W, Yang L, Dai HF, Mándi A, Cai CH, Chen HQ, Dong WH, Kurtán T, Mei WL, Wang H. Zizaane-Type Sesquiterpenoids and Their Rearranged Derivatives from Agarwood of an Aquilaria Plant. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010198. [PMID: 35011431 PMCID: PMC8746309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine new sesquiterpenoids (1–9) were isolated from ethyl ether extract of agarwood originated from Aquilaria sp., including three novel sesquiterpenoids (1–3) derived from zizaane, together with six zizaane-type sesquiterpenoids (4–9). All structures were unambiguously elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of sesquiterpenoids was determined by comparison of the experimental and computed ECD spectra. In vitro anti-inflammatory assessment showed that compound 9 exhibited inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 62.22 ± 1.27 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhe Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Yi-Ling Yang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Wei Li
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Li Yang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Cai-Hong Cai
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Hui-Qin Chen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Wen-Hua Dong
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
- Correspondence: (W.-L.M.); (H.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-898-66987529 (W.-L.M.); +86-898-66988061 (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
- Correspondence: (W.-L.M.); (H.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-898-66987529 (W.-L.M.); +86-898-66988061 (H.W.)
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Zhang N, Xue S, Song J, Zhou X, Zhou D, Liu X, Hong Z, Xu D. Effects of various artificial agarwood-induction techniques on the metabolome of Aquilaria sinensis. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:591. [PMID: 34903180 PMCID: PMC8667428 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agarwood is a highly sought-after resinous wood for uses in medicine, incense, and perfume production. To overcome challenges associated with agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis, several artificial agarwood-induction treatments have been developed. However, the effects of these techniques on the metabolome of the treated wood samples are unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four treatments: fire drill treatment (F), fire drill + brine treatment (FS), cold drill treatment (D) and cold drill + brine treatment (DS)) on ethanol-extracted oil content and metabolome profiles of treated wood samples from A. sinensis. RESULTS The ethanol-extracted oil content obtained from the four treatments differed significantly (F < D < DS < FS). A total of 712 metabolites composed mostly of alkaloids, amino acids and derivatives, flavonoids, lipids, phenolic acids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, and terpenoids were detected. In pairwise comparisons, 302, 155, 271 and 363 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) were detected in F_vs_FS, D_vs_DS, F_vs_D and FS_vs_DS, respectively. The DAMs were enriched in flavonoid/flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Generally, addition of brine to either fire or cold drill treatments reduced the abundance of most of the metabolites. CONCLUSION The results from this study offer valuable insights into synthetically-induced agarwood production in A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningnan Zhang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520 China
| | - Shiyu Xue
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520 China
| | - Jie Song
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520 China
| | - Xiuren Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dahao Zhou
- Huazhou Yuanlai Agarwood Limited Company, Huazhou, 525100 China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520 China
| | - Zhou Hong
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520 China
| | - Daping Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520 China
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Abid S, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Legssyer A, Aziz M, Bnouham M. Beneficial Effect of Thymelaea hirsuta on Pancreatic Islet Degeneration, Renal Fibrosis, and Liver Damages as Demonstrated in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6614903. [PMID: 33688307 PMCID: PMC7920699 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Morocco, Thymelaea hirsuta (T. hirsuta) (Thymelaeacea) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat and prevent diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the medium-term antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract (AqTh) and ethyl acetate fraction (EaTh) of Th and to investigate their putative protective effect on pancreatic islet degeneration, diabetic nephropathy, and liver damages in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. METHODS Experimental diabetes in rats was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of STZ. During the treatment period (4 weeks), 200 mg/kg AqTh and 50 mg/kg EaTh were orally administrated daily to STZ-diabetic rats. A group of parameters including fasting blood glucose, biochemical parameters, and intestinal α-glucosidase inhibition were studied. Furthermore, histological study of the pancreas, kidney, liver, and aorta was also realized. RESULTS At the end of the treatment, both AqTh and EaTh had normalized fasting blood glucose to 1.08 and 1.25 g/l, respectively. AqTh has also reduced urinary creatinine and HbAc1. The EaTh showed inhibitory activity against intestinal α-glucosidase, whereas AqTh did not have this inhibitory effect. Furthermore, pancreas hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that AqTh or EaTh prevents pancreatic islet cell degeneration. As the same kidney, Masson's trichrome staining has shown a significant prevention of renal fibrosis in AqTh- or EaTh-treated diabetic rats. On the other hand, liver hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that AqTh and EaTh prevent liver damage. CONCLUSION We conclude that medium-term administration of AqTh and EaTh exerts significant antihyperglycemic effect in STZ-diabetic rats possibly through intestinal α-glucosidase inhibition and protection against pancreatic islet cell damage. Moreover, AqTh and EaTh treatment prevent nephropathy and liver complications in STZ-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Abid
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Bd: Mohamed VI, BP: 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Hassane Mekhfi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Bd: Mohamed VI, BP: 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Ziyyat
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Bd: Mohamed VI, BP: 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdekhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Bd: Mohamed VI, BP: 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Aziz
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Bd: Mohamed VI, BP: 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Bd: Mohamed VI, BP: 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Elhady SS, Abdelhameed RFA, El-Ayouty MM, Ibrahim AK, Habib ES, Elgawish MS, Hassanean HA, Safo MK, Nafie MS, Ahmed SA. New Antiproliferative Triflavanone from Thymelaea hirsuta-Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030739. [PMID: 33572651 PMCID: PMC7867015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study isolates from Thymelaea hirsuta, a wild plant from the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, were identified and their selective cytotoxicity levels were evaluated. Phytochemical examination of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of the plant led to the isolation of a new triflavanone compound (1), in addition to the isolation of nine previously reported compounds. These included five dicoumarinyl ethers found in Thymelaea: daphnoretin methyl ether (2), rutamontine (3), neodaphnoretin (4), acetyldaphnoretin (5), and edgeworthin (6); two flavonoids: genkwanin (7) and trans-tiliroside (8); p-hydroxy benzoic acid (9) and β sitosterol glucoside (10). Eight of the isolated compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against Vero and HepG2 cell lines using a sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 8.6, 12.3 and 9.4 μM, respectively, yet these compounds exhibited non-toxic activities against the Vero cells. Additionally, compound 1 further exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, with IC50 values of 4.26 and 9.6 μM, respectively. Compound 1 significantly stimulated apoptotic breast cancer cell death, resulting in a 14.97-fold increase and arresting 40.57% of the cell population at the Pre-G1 stage of the cell cycle. Finally, its apoptosis-inducing activity was further validated through activation of BAX and caspase-9, and inhibition of BCL2 levels. In silico molecular docking experiments revealed a good binding mode profile of the isolates towards Ras activation/pathway mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK); a common molecular pathway in the development and progression of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Mayada M. El-Ayouty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Eman S. Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Mohamed S. Elgawish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Hashim A. Hassanean
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-010-92638387; Fax: +20-064-3230741
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Wongwad E, Ingkaninan K, Wisuitiprot W, Sritularak B, Waranuch N. Thermal Degradation Kinetics and pH-Rate Profiles of Iriflophenone 3,5-C-β-d-diglucoside, Iriflophenone 3-C-β-d-Glucoside and Mangiferin in Aquilaria crassna Leaf Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214898. [PMID: 33113908 PMCID: PMC7660223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of the Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte leaf extract (AE) make it very useful as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products. Iriflophenone 3,5-C-β-d-diglucoside (1), iriflophenone 3-C-β-d-glucoside (2) and mangiferin (3) are bioactive compounds of AE. We assessed the stability of AE by investigating the thermal degradation kinetics and shelf-life (t90%) of compounds 1, 2 and 3 using Arrhenius plot models and studied their pH-rate profiles. The results demonstrate that 1 and 2 were degraded, following a first-order kinetic reaction. The degradation of 3 followed first-order reaction kinetics when present in a solution and second-order reaction kinetics in the dried powder form of the extract. According to the first-order kinetic model, the predicted shelf-life (t90%) of the extract at 25 °C in dried form for compound 1 was 989 days with activation energy 129.86 kJ·mol−1, and for 2 it was 248 days with activation energy 110.57 kJ·mol−1, while in the extract solution, the predicted shelf-life of compounds 1–3 was 189, 13 and 75 days with activation energies 86.83, 51.49 and 65.28 kJ·mol−1, respectively. In addition, the pH-rate profiles of 1–3 indicated that they were stable in neutral to acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakkaluk Wongwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Centre of Excellence in Research for Cannabis and Hemp, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (N.W.)
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok 65130, Thailand;
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (N.W.)
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Samadi M, Zainal Abidin Z, Yoshida H, Yunus R, Awang Biak DR. Towards Higher Oil Yield and Quality of Essential Oil Extracted from Aquilaria malaccensis Wood via the Subcritical Technique. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173872. [PMID: 32858782 PMCID: PMC7503260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A method that delivers a high yield and excellent quality of essential oil, which retains most of its value-added compounds, and undergoes least change after the extraction process, is greatly sought after. Although chemical free methods are acceptable, they call for an extensive processing time, while the yield and quality from these methods are often disappointing. This work utilizes subcritical water technology to address these issues. In this undertaking, essential oil was extracted from Aquilaria malaccensis wood by way of subcritical conditions, and characterized through gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Optimization through response surface methodology revealed temperature to be the most critical factor for the extraction process, while the optimum conditions for temperature, sample-to-solvent ratio, and time for subcritical water extraction was revealed as 225 °C, 0.2 gr/mL, and 17 min, respectively. The subcritical water extraction technique involves two simultaneous processes, which are based on good fitting to the two-site kinetic and second order model. In comparison to the hydrodistillation method, GC/MS results indicated that the quality of A. malaccensis’ wood oils, derived through the subcritical water technique, are of significantly better quality, while containing many constructive value-added compounds, such as furfural and guaiacol, which are useful for the production of pesticides and medicines. Pore size, functional groups, and morphology analysis revealed the occurrence of substantial damage to the samples, which facilitated an improved extraction of bio-products. In comparison to conventional methods, the use of the subcritical method not only involves a shorter processing time, but also delivers a higher oil yield and quality.
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Lee JS, Jeon YJ, Kang JY, Lee SK, Lee HD, Son CG. Aquilariae Lignum Methylene Chloride Fraction Attenuates IL-1β-Driven Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155465. [PMID: 32751738 PMCID: PMC7432889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial hyperactivation and neuroinflammation are known to induce neuronal death, which is one of the main causes of neurodegenerative disorders. We previously found that Aquilariae Lignum extract attenuated both neuronal excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. For further analysis, we extracted the methylene chloride fraction of Aquilariae Lignum to determine the bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the Aquilariae Lignum fraction (ALF) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. BV2 cells were pretreated with ALF (0.5, 1, and 2.5 μg/mL) before treatment with LPS (1 μg/mL). Pretreatment with ALF significantly attenuated the LPS-induced overproductions of nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)-1β. These anti-inflammatory effects were supported by ALF-mediated modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Furthermore, ALF exerted strong anti-inflammasome effects, as shown by IL-1β-specific inhibitory activity, but not activity against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, along with inhibition of caspase-1 activity and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-related molecules. These results indicate the potent anti-neuroinflammatory activity of ALF and that its underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome-derived neuroinflammation in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (J.-S.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Yoo-Jin Jeon
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (J.-S.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Yun Kang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (J.-S.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Sam-Keun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Oriental Medicine Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Korea;
| | - Hwa-Dong Lee
- National Institute for Korean Medicine, 94, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Korea;
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (J.-S.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-257-6397; Fax: +82-42-257-6398
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Sanna G, Madeddu S, Murgia G, Serreli G, Begala M, Caboni P, Incani A, Franci G, Galdiero M, Giliberti G. Potent and Selective Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) of Thymelaea hirsuta Extracts. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060664. [PMID: 32575585 PMCID: PMC7354558 DOI: 10.3390/v12060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, natural products have been the most successful source of inspiration for the development of new drugs. Members of the Thymelaeaceae family have been of interest owing to their excellent medicinal value. Given the successful history of natural product-based drug discovery, extracts from the aerial parts of Thymelaea hirsuta were evaluated for their potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity. Ethyl acetate extracts from leaves (71B) and branches (72B) of Thymelaea hirsuta showed potent and selective activity against HIV-1 wt (EC50 = 0.8 µg/mL) at non-cytotoxic concentrations (CC50 > 100 µg/mL). They proved to be active against HIV-1 variants carrying clinically relevant NNRTI and NRTI mutations at low concentration (0.3–4 µg/mL range) and against the M-tropic strain HIV-1 BaL. The 72B extract, chosen as a lead, was not able to inhibit the RT and protease enzymatic functions. Furthermore, it was not virucidal, since exposure of HIV to high concentration did not affect virus infectivity. The pre-clinical safety profile of this extract showed no adverse effect on the growth of Lactobacilli, and non-toxic concentration of the extract did not influence the Caco-2 epithelial cells monolayer integrity. Additionally, extract 72B prevented syncytia formation at low concentration (0.4 µg/mL). The potent inhibitory effect on the syncytia formation in co-cultures showed that 72B inhibits an early event in the replication cycle of HIV. All of these findings prompt us to carry on new studies on Thymelaea hirsuta extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Murgia
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Michela Begala
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandra Incani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
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Yu Z, Wang C, Zheng W, Chen D, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wei J. Anti-inflammatory 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103789. [PMID: 32229346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, aqulisinone A (1), (5S, 6R,7S,8S)-8-chloro-5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-[2-(4'-methoxyphenylethyl)]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (2), (5S,6R,7S,8S)-8-chloro-5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (3), (5S*,6R*,7R*,8S*)-8-chloro-5-ethoxy-6,7-dihydroxy-2-[2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (4), and seven known analogues (5-11) were isolated from agarwood produced of Aquilaria sinensis. Among the new compounds, 4 is an artifact. The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with published NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were defined based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compound 1 features a (5,5'')-carbon-carbon bond linkage connecting two 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone monomeric units. All the new compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in RAW264.7 cells, 2 with an IC50 value of 3.46 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxin Yu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Canhong Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Deli Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, PR China.
| | - Yun Yang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Han S, Li LZ, Song SJ. Daphne giraldii Nitsche (Thymelaeaceae): Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal uses. Phytochemistry 2020; 171:112231. [PMID: 31901473 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Daphne giraldii Nitsche., a member of the genus Daphne (Thymelaeaceae), is a deciduous shrub with mild toxicity. Its rhizome bark, generally called 'Zushima' in Chinese, has many medicinal folkloric uses and good therapeutic effects. Previous studies investigating the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of D. giraldii have focused on several major classes of compounds, such as coumarins, lignans and flavonoids, especially the interesting enantiomeric flavans. Extracts and pure compounds of D. giraldii were found to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, cytotoxicity, antimalarial, immunomodulating, sedative and hypnotic effects. They have also been reported to influence the cardiovascular functions and blood activities. This comprehensive review will describe the advances in the phytochemistry, pharmacology, medicinal uses and clinical applications of D. giraldii and its formulations covering the literature published from 1970 to 2018. Almost half of the reviewed studies were originally published in non-English languages (mainly in Chinese). Collectively, the aim of this article is to open new avenues for further in-depth pharmacological studies on D. giraldii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Kim P, Nam YJ, Kim WJ, Kim JK, Lee G, Song MJ, Yang J, Yi SS, Lee JS, Seo JH, Choi Y. Edgeworthia papyrifera Regulates Osteoblast and Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro and Exhibits Anti-osteoporosis Activity in Animal Models of Osteoporosis. Planta Med 2019; 85:766-773. [PMID: 31167297 DOI: 10.1055/a-0942-1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a clinical condition characterized by low bone strength that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis involve inhibition of bone resorption by osteoclasts and an increase of bone formation by osteoblasts. Here, we identified the extract derived from the stem part of Edgeworthia papyrifera that enhanced differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells to osteoblast-like cells and inhibited osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. In support of our observation, rutin and daphnoretin, which were previously reported to inhibit osteoclast differentiation, were identified in E. papyrifera extract. In an animal model of osteoporosis, the ovariectomy-induced increases in bone resorption biomarkers such as pyridinoline and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were significantly reduced by E. papyrifera extract administration at 25.6 and 48.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the ovariectomy-induced bone loss in animal models of osteoporosis was significantly prevented by the administration of E. papyrifera in our study. Taking these observations into account, we suggest that E. papyrifera is an interesting candidate for further exploration as an anti-osteoporotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pansoo Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Nam
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gyeongbeen Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Song
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jungeun Yang
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongmun Choi
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Korea
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Ren Y, Mu Y, Yue Y, Jin H, Tao K, Hou T. Neochamaejasmin A extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L. induces apoptosis involving mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Sf9 cells. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 157:169-177. [PMID: 31153465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To explore the toxicity mechanisms of neochamaejasmin A (NCA), extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L., we first evaluated its cytotoxicity on the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell line. The results confirmed that NCA inhibited Sf9 cell survival in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Then, intracellular biochemical assays showed that NCA induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells. Evidence of apoptosis was confirmed by morphological changes and the activation of caspases-3/9. We also observed that NCA induced apoptosis via mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway by upregulating cytochrome c and proapoptotic protein (Bax) and downregulating the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Moreover, we found a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of lipid peroxidation product and an inactivation of the antioxidant enzymes in treated cells. Additionally, the cleavage of PARP and G2/M arrest were also detected in Sf9 cells exposed to NCA. These findings provide critical information that NCA effectively induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells through mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yangping Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Yan T, Yang S, Chen Y, Wang Q, Li G. Chemical Profiles of Cultivated Agarwood Induced by Different Techniques. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101990. [PMID: 31137603 PMCID: PMC6572443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarwood is the resinous wood produced in some Aquilaria species and is highly valued for wide usages in medicine, incense, and perfume. To protect the threatened Aquilaria species, the cultivation of Aquilaria sinensis and artificial agarwood induction techniques have been effectively established in China. To evaluate the quality of agarwood induced by different techniques, patterns of chemical constituents in artificial agarwood by four methods (wounding using an axe, burning-chisel-drilling, chemical inducer, and biological inoculation) were analyzed and compared by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS in this study. Results of GC-MS gave a panorama of chemical constituents in agarwood, including aromatic compounds, steroids, fatty acids, sesquiterpenoids, and 2-(2-phenlyethyl)-chromones (PECs). Sesquiterpenoids were dominant in agarwood induced by wounding using an axe. PEC comprised over 60% of components in agarwood produced by biological inoculation and chemical inducers. PECs were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in all artificial agarwood and the relative contents varied in different groups. Tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromones (THPECs) in wounding by axes induced agarwood were lower while 2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromones (FPECs) were higher than other groups. The results showed that methods used for inducing agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis affect the chemical constituents of agarwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Sheng Yang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Gaiyun Li
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Jin YX, Shi LL, Zhang DP, Wei HY, Si Y, Ma GX, Zhang J. A Review on Daphnane-Type Diterpenoids and Their Bioactive Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091842. [PMID: 31086098 PMCID: PMC6540581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural daphnane diterpenoids, mainly distributed in plants of the Thymelaeaceae and Euphorbiaceae families, usually include a 5/7/6-tricyclic ring system with poly-hydroxyl groups located at C-3, C-4, C-5, C-9, C-13, C-14, or C-20, while some special types have a characteristic orthoester motif triaxially connectedat C-9, C-13, and C-14. The daphnane-type diterpenoids can be classified into five types: 6-epoxy daphnane diterpenoids, resiniferonoids, genkwanines, 1-alkyldaphnanes and rediocides, based on the oxygen-containing functions at rings B and C, as well as the substitution pattern of ring A. Up to now, nearly 200 daphnane-type diterpenoids have been isolated and elucidated from the Thymelaeaceae and Euphorbiaceae families. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments of these compounds have shown that they possess a wide range of biological activities, including anti-HIV, anti-cancer, anti-leukemic, neurotrophic, pesticidal and cytotoxic effects. A comprehensive account of the structural diversity is given in this review, along with the cytotoxic activities of daphnane-type diterpenoids, up to April 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xian Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and PekingUnion Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lei-Ling Shi
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China.
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Wei
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China.
| | - Yuan Si
- College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Guo-Xu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and PekingUnion Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Lei Z, Zhang S, Liu D, Gao X, Zhao Y, Cui Y. Evaluation of three different artificial agarwood-inducing methods from Aquilaria sinensis using antimicrobial activity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:905-910. [PMID: 31278698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of three different approaches for artificially inducing the formation of agarwood over time in young Aquilaria sinensis trees using antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity was determined by a two-fold serial dilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a panel of microorganisms (two bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and seven fungal strains: Penicillium melinii, Penicillium adametzi, Penicillium urticae, Penicillium notatum, Paecilomyces varioti, Mucor saturninus Hagem and Aspergillus niger). The results showed that artificial agarwood obtained by comprehensive stimulated method (formic acid plus fungal inoculation) and extended longer inducing time have better antimicrobial activity, which is similar to the result of chemical analysis. Therefore, it is a beneficial exploration to the first use of antimicrobial activity to evaluate artificial agarwood obtained by different producing methods and different culture time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China / Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Dailin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yu Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
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Ahn S, Ma CT, Choi JM, An S, Lee M, Le THV, Pyo JJ, Lee J, Choi MS, Kwon SW, Park JH, Noh M. Adiponectin-Secretion-Promoting Phenylethylchromones from the Agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:259-264. [PMID: 30672698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of adiponectin regulation has received interest because of its association with diverse human disease conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Phenylethylchromone derivatives from Aquilaria malaccensis-derived agarwood promoted adiponectin secretion during adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (1) was identified as a new chromone derivative. A target identification study with the most potent adiponectin-secretion-promoting phenylethylchromones, 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (3) and 7-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (4), showed that they are PPARγ partial agonists. Therefore, the diverse therapeutic effects of agarwood are associated with a PPARγ-mediated adiponectin-secretion-promoting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Ahn
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Thanh Ma
- Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City , 700000 , Vietnam
| | - Jung Min Choi
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyoung Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hong Van Le
- Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City , 700000 , Vietnam
| | - Jeong Joo Pyo
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joochang Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sik Choi
- College of Pharmacy , Dongduk Women's University , Seoul 02748 , Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Huo HX, Gu YF, Zhu ZX, Zhang YF, Chen XN, Guan PW, Shi SP, Song YL, Zhao YF, Tu PF, Li J. LC-MS-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone dimers from Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis). Phytochemistry 2019; 158:46-55. [PMID: 30453219 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen previously undescribed 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone dimers, along with two known analogues were isolated from Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) by a LC-MS-guided fractionation procedure. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D and 2D NMR, IR, and HRESIMS). The isolated compounds exhibited significant inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range 0.6-37.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fan Gu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nan Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Wei Guan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Arika W, Kibiti CM, Njagi JM, Ngugi MP. In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Dichloromethanolic Leaf Extract of Gnidia glauca (Fresen) as a Promising Antiobesity Drug. J Evid Based Integr Med 2019; 24:2515690X19883258. [PMID: 31766874 PMCID: PMC6880035 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x19883258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of ethnobotanical information from traditional practitioners remains an empirical aspect of understanding the ethnopharmacology research. However, integration of information on chemical composition of plant extracts and their pharmacological activities forms a key resource for synthesis of new and effective therapeutics. In traditional African medicine, Gnidia glauca has folkloric remedies against obesity and its associated oxidative stress-mediated complications. However, the upsurge in its use has not been accompanied with scientific validations to support these claims. The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of G glauca as a promising antiobesity agent. The antioxidant effects of the extract were assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and superoxide radicals as well as lipid peroxidation, iron-chelating effect, and ferric-reducing power. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrophotometry. The results revealed that G glauca exhibited scavenging activities against all radicals formed. Besides, the extract showed iron chelation and ferric reducing abilities. The extract indicated a lower half maximal inhibitory concentration value than the standards used. For instance, the extract inhibited 50% of the formation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine at the concentration of 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL relative to 1.39 ± 0.06 mg/mL of the standard, vitamin C at 1% confidence limit. Similarly, the extract scavenged 50% of hydroxyl radical at 204.34 ± 10.64 μg/mL relative to 210.05 ± 8.80 μg/mL of gallic acid. The extract also contained various phytochemicals that have been associated with antiobesity effects. The synergistic effects of these phytocompounds increase their bioavailability and action on multiple molecular targets thereby correcting obesity-induced oxidative stress.
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Wang SL, Liao HR, Cheng MJ, Shu CW, Chen CL, Chung MI, Chen JJ. Four New 2-(2-Phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one Derivatives from the Resinous Wood of Aquilaria sinensis and Their Inhibitory Activities on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses. Planta Med 2018; 84:1340-1347. [PMID: 29954026 DOI: 10.1055/a-0645-1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Four new 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-[2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (1: ), 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (2: ), 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-[2-(3'-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-chromone (3: ), and 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-2-[2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (4: ), have been isolated from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis, together with 16 known compounds (5: -20: ). Among these, 7-methoxy-2-[2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (5: ) was isolated from a natural source for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV). Nine compounds, including 1: showed more than 80% inhibition of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine at 50 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ruei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Cheng
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ing Chung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kao WY, Hsiang CY, Ho SC, Ho TY, Lee KT. Chemical Profiles of Incense Smoke Ingredients from Agarwood by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112969. [PMID: 30441810 PMCID: PMC6278519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarwood, the resinous wood in the heartwood of Aquilaria trees, has been used as incense in traditional Chinese medicine for its sedative, aphrodisiac, carminative, and anti-emetic effects. Grading of agarwood is usually based on its physical properties. Therefore, it is important to develop analytic methods for judgment and grading of agarwood. Here, we created a headspace (HS) preheating system that is combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS) to analyze the chemical constituents in the incense smoke produced by agarwood. Incense smoke generated in the HS preheating system was injected directly to GC-MS for analysis. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the incense smoke produced by Kynam agarwood, the best agarwood in the world. About half of the compounds are aromatics and sesquiterpenes. By analyzing chemical constituents in the incense smoke produced by Vietnamese, Lao, and Cambodian varieties of agarwood, we found that butyl hexadecanoate, butyl octadecanoate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, and squalene were common in the aforementioned four varieties of agarwoods. 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromone derivatives were identified only in the incense smoke produced by Kynam agarwood, and were the major ingredient (27.23%) in the same. In conclusion, this is the first study that analyzes chemical profiles of incense smoke produced by agarwood using HS GC-MS. Our data showed that 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone derivatives could be used to assess quality of agarwoods. Moreover, HS GC/MS may be a useful tool for grading quality of agarwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Kao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ching Ho
- Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan.
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Ta Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Wang MR, Li W, Luo S, Zhao X, Ma CH, Liu SX. GC-MS Study of the Chemical Components of Different Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilgorgans and Agarwood from Different Asian Countries. Molecules 2018; 23:E2168. [PMID: 30154355 PMCID: PMC6225301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a traditional medicinal herb and valuable natural spice in China, Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg has many significant pharmacological effects. Agarwood is the resinous heartwood acquired from wounded A. sinensis trees, and is widely used in pharmaceuticals owing to its excellent medicinal value. In this study, the chemical composition of volatile components and alcohol extracts from different organs of A. sinensis and agarwoods grown in different regions were investigated using GC-MS. The results showed that Vietnam agarwood had the highest moisture content, which was attributed to the local climate, while the fruit and bark of A. sinensis had higher moisture contents than the other organs. The volatile components of A. sinensis organs included 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl)-octadecane, oleic acid 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester, and docosanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, while the alcohol extracts of A. sinensis organs contained benzoic acid ethyl ester, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, oleic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid. Furthermore, the main active ingredients in agarwood from different habitats were sesquiterpenoids, aromatic species, and chromone compounds. The role of chromone compound 2-phenylethyl-benzopyran as an elicitor and the mechanism of agarwood formation were also investigated. Antioxidant tests showed that essential oils from agarwood and A. sinensis had antioxidant capacities by comparison with butylated hydroxytoluene and vitamin E. An antibacterial activity test showed that the inhibition effect of the essential oil was better against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Chun-Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shou-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Liao G, Dong WH, Yang JL, Li W, Wang J, Mei WL, Dai HF. Monitoring the Chemical Profile in Agarwood Formation within One Year and Speculating on the Biosynthesis of 2-(2-Phenylethyl)Chromones. Molecules 2018; 23:E1261. [PMID: 29799457 PMCID: PMC6100365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarwood is highly valued for its uses as incense, perfume, and medicine. However, systematic analyses of dynamic changes of secondary metabolites during the process of agarwood formation have not yet been reported. In this study, agarwood was produced by transfusing the agarwood inducer into the trunk of Aquilaria sinensis, and changing patterns of chemical constituents, especially 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (PECs), in wood samples collected from the 1st to 12th month, were analyzed by GC-EI-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods. Aromatic compounds, steroids, fatty acids/esters, sesquiterpenoids, and PECs were detected by GC-MS, in which PECs were the major constituents. Following this, UPLC-MS was used for further comprehensive analysis of PECs, from which we found that 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones of flindersia type (FTPECs) were the most abundant, while PECs with epoxidated chromone moiety were detected with limited numbers and relatively low content. Speculation on the formation of major FTPECs was fully elucidated in our context. The key step of FTPECs biosynthesis is possibly catalyzed by type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) which condensate dihydro-cinnamoyl-CoA analogues and malonyl-CoA with 2-hydroxy-benzoyl-CoA to produce 2-(2-phenyethyl)chromone scaffold, or with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl-CoA to form FTPECS with 6-hydroxy group, which may serve as precursors for further reactions catalyzed by hydroxylase or O-methyltransferase (OMT) to produce FTPECs with diverse substitution patterns. It is the first report that systematically analyzed dynamic changes of secondary metabolites during the process of agarwood formation and fully discussed the biosynthetic pathway of PECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Wen-Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jin-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
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Huo HX, Zhu ZX, Song YL, Shi SP, Sun J, Sun H, Zhao YF, Zheng J, Ferreira D, Zjawiony JK, Tu PF, Li J. Anti-inflammatory Dimeric 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones from the Resinous Wood of Aquilaria sinensis. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:543-553. [PMID: 29227647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone dimers, including four pairs of enantiomers (1a/1b, 3a/3b, 6a/6b, and 8a/8b), along with eight optically pure analogues (2, 4, 5, 7, and 9-12) were isolated from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and HRMS) and experimental and computed ECD data. Compounds 1-10 feature an unusual 3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyran ring linkage connecting two 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone monomeric units, while compounds 11 and 12 possess an unprecedented 6,7-dihydro-5 H-1,4-dioxepine moiety in their structures. A putative biosynthetic pathway of the representative structures via a diepoxy derivative of a chromone with a nonoxygenated A-ring is also proposed. Compounds 1a/1b, 2, 3a/3b, 5, 7, 8a/8b, and 10-12 exhibited significant inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range 7.0-12.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677-1848 , United States
| | - Jordan K Zjawiony
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677-1848 , United States
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China
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Mohamed Mahzir KA, Abd Gani SS, Hasanah Zaidan U, Halmi MIE. Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology Focused on Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:E724. [PMID: 29565312 PMCID: PMC6017451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from the Buah Mahkota Dewa fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) was determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimisation was applied using a Central Composite Design (CCD) to investigate the effect of three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (minutes) and extraction solvent to-feed ratio (% v/v) on four responses: free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric ion reducing power assay (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The optimal conditions for the antioxidants extraction were found to be 64 °C extraction temperature, 66 min extraction time and 75% v/v solvent to-feed ratio giving the highest percentage yields of DPPH, FRAP, TPC and TFC of 86.85%, 7.47%, 292.86 mg/g and 3.22 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the data were subjected to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the results showed that the polynomial equations for all models were significant, did not show lack of fit, and presented adjusted determination coefficients (R²) above 99%, proving that the yield of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidants activities obtained experimentally were close to the predicted values and the suitability of the model employed in RSM to optimise the extraction conditions. Hence, in this study, the fruit from P. macrocarpa could be considered to have strong antioxidant ability and can be used in various cosmeceutical or medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siti Salwa Abd Gani
- Lapsah, IPPH, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Wang S, Yu Z, Wang C, Wu C, Guo P, Wei J. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity of Agarwood and Aquilaria Plants. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020342. [PMID: 29414842 PMCID: PMC6017114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarwood, a highly precious non-timber fragrant wood of Aquilaria spp. (Thymelaeaceae), has been widely used in traditional medicine, religious rites, and cultural activities. Due to the inflated demanding and depleted natural resources, the yields of agarwood collected from the wild are shrinking, and the price is constantly rising, which restricts agarwood scientific research and wide application. With the sustainable planting and management of agarwood applied, and especially the artificial-inducing methods being used in China and Southeast Asian countries, agarwood yields are increasing, and the price is becoming more reasonable. Under this condition, illuminating the scientific nature of traditional agarwood application and developing new products and drugs from agarwood have become vitally important. Recently, the phytochemical investigations have achieved fruitful results, and more than 300 compounds have been isolated, including numerous new compounds that might be the characteristic constituents with physiological action. However, no one has focused on the new compounds and presented a summary until now. Alongside phytochemical advances, bioactivity screening and pharmacological investigation have also made a certain progress. Therefore, this review discussed the new compounds isolated after 2010, and summarized the pharmacological progress on agarwood and Aquilaria plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhangxin Yu
- Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Canhong Wang
- Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
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50
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Wang HN, Mei WL, Dong WH, Kong FD, Li W, Yuan JZ, Dai HF. Two new 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)chromens from agarwood originating from Aquilaria crassna. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:122-127. [PMID: 28984476 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1379998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new 2-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)chromones (1‒2), along with three known 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (3‒5), were isolated from the agarwood originating from Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte. Their structures were determined by the spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR analysis and comparison with reported data in the literature. All the compounds were isolated from agarwood of A. crassna for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with 17.4 ± 0.6 and 15.8 ± 0.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. Besides, Compound 3 expressed antibacterial activities against Ralstonia solanacearum with diameter of the inhibition zone of 6.80 ± 0.08 mm at a concentration of 10 mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ni Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Wen-Hua Dong
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Fan-Dong Kong
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Wei Li
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Jing-Zhe Yuan
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
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