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Rakshit S, More A, Gaikwad S, Seniya C, Gade A, Muley VY, Mukherjee A, Kamble K. Role of diosgenin extracted from Helicteres isora L in suppression of HIV-1 replication: An in vitro preclinical study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24350. [PMID: 38288021 PMCID: PMC10823083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diosgenin, an essential sapogenin steroid with significant biological implications, is composed of a hydrophilic sugar moiety intricately linked to a hydrophobic steroid aglycone. While the antiviral properties of diosgenin against numerous RNA viruses have been extensively documented, its potential in combating Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections remains unexplored. Experimental procedure This current investigation presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of extracts derived from the leaves of Helicteres isora, which are notably enriched with diosgenin. Rigorous methodologies, including established chromatographic techniques and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of the active diosgenin compound followed by molecular interaction analyses with the key HIV enzymes and mechanistic validation of HIV inhibition. Key results The inhibitory effects of extracted diosgenin on the replication of HIV-1 were demonstrated using a permissive cellular system, encompassing two distinct subtypes of HIV-1 strains. Computational analyses involving molecular interactions highlighted the substantial occupancy of critical active site pocket residues within the key HIV-1 proteins by diosgenin. Additionally, the mechanistic underpinnings of diosgenin activity in conjunction with standard controls were elucidated through specialized colorimetric assays, evaluating its impact on HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase enzymes. Conclusions To our current state of knowledge, this study represents the inaugural demonstration of the anti-HIV efficacy inherent to diosgenin found in the leaves of Helicteres isora, and can be taken further for drug design and development for the management of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Rakshit
- Department of Microbiology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, MH, India
| | - Ashwini More
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, MH, India
| | - Shraddha Gaikwad
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, MH, India
| | - Chandrabhan Seniya
- VIT Bhopal University, School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Aniket Gade
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, MH, India
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, MH, India
| | | | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, MH, India
| | - Kapil Kamble
- Department of Microbiology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, MH, India
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2
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Terefe EM, Okalebo FA, Derese S, Muriuki J, Mas-Claret E, Langat MK. Anti-HIV crotocascarin ω from Kenyan Croton dichogamus. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2809-2816. [PMID: 36278900 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2134998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
An anti-HIV methanol-soluble fraction of a 1:1 CH2Cl2:CH3OH extract of twigs of a Kenyan Croton dichogamus yielded seven compounds, the new crotocascarin ω (1), the known β-oplopanone (2), dihydroconiferyl acetate (3), 3'(4''-hydroxyphenyl)-propyl benzoate (4), lupeol, sitosterol and stigmasterol. Crotocascarin ω (90%) inhibited HIV-1 replication with an IC50 value of 5.3 nM, and the compound was cytotoxic towards MT-4 cells presenting an IC50 value of 84 µM. In silico modelling showed that the anti-HIV activity for compound 1 could be through the HIV-1 protease inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermias Mergia Terefe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Faith A Okalebo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Muriuki
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ding K, Wu ZY, Zhang N, He J, Zhang F, Wu JJ, Bai HJ, Zhang WK, Li L, Xu JK. Stelleratenoids A-F, macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters with anti-HIV activity from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113648. [PMID: 36963707 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters, stelleratenoids A-F (1-6), were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS and NMR spectra. Compound 1 features an unusual terminal double bond at C-2/C-19 in the 1α-alkyldaphnane lactone skeleton. Compounds 2-4 are unique in the presence of different long chain fatty acyl groups. Compounds 5 and 6 are unique examples of modified macrocyclic daphnane diterpenoids. All the isolates were evaluated for anti-HIV activity in MT-2 cells. Among them, compounds 1, 5 and 6 exhibited highly potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 values of 66.70, 10.62 and 55.10 nM, respectively, possessing high potential to develop new anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yao Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jin Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Sananboonudom S, Kaewnoi A, Pompimon W, Narakaew S, Jiajaroen S, Chainok K, Nuntasaen N, Suksen K, Chairoungdua A, Limthongkul J, Naparswad C, Pikulthong S, Meepowpan P, Wingwon B, Charoenphakinrattana N, Udomputtimekakul P. Study on the absolute configuration and biological activity of rotenoids from the leaves and twigs of Millettia pyrrhocarpa Mattapha, Forest & Hawkins, sp. Nov. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:147. [PMID: 37143007 PMCID: PMC10161675 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND M. pyrrhocarpa is a new plant in the Fabaceae: Faboideae family that is found in Thailand. A literature search revealed that the Milletia genus is rich in bioactive compounds possessing a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we aimed to isolate novel bioactive compounds and to study their bioactivities. METHODS The hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts from the leaves and twigs of M. pyrrhocarpa were isolated and purified using chromatography techniques. These extracts and pure compounds were tested in vitro for their inhibitory activities against nine strains of bacteria, as well as their anti-HIV-1 virus activity and cytotoxicity against eight cancer cell lines. RESULTS Three rotenoids, named 6aS, 12aS, 12S-elliptinol (1), 6aS, 12aS, 12S-munduserol (2), dehydromunduserone (3), and crude extracts were evaluated for antibacterial, anti-HIV, and cytotoxic activities. It was found that compounds 1-3 inhibited the growth of nine strains of bacteria, and the best MIC/MBC values were obtained at 3/ > 3 mg/mL. The hexane extract showed anti-HIV-1 RT with the highest %inhibition at 81.27 at 200 mg/mL, while 6aS, 12aS, 12S-elliptinol (1) reduced syncytium formation in 1A2 cells with a maximum EC50 value of 4.48 μM. Furthermore, 6aS, 12aS, 12S-elliptinol (1) showed cytotoxicity against A549 and Hep G2 cells with maximum ED50 values of 2.27 and 3.94 μg/mL. CONCLUSION This study led to the isolation of constituents with potential for medicinal application, providing compounds (1-3) as lead compounds against nine strains of bacteria. The hexane extract showed the highest %inhibition of HIV-1 virus, Compound 1 showed the best EC50 in reducing syncytium formation in 1A2 cells, and it also showed the best ED50 against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2). The isolated compounds from M. pyrrhocarpa offered significant potential for future medicinal application studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suda Sananboonudom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100, Thailand
| | - Atchara Kaewnoi
- Department of Thai Traditionnal Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
| | - Wilart Pompimon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100, Thailand
| | - Samroeng Narakaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100, Thailand
| | - Suwadee Jiajaroen
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TUMcMa), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TUMcMa), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Narong Nuntasaen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
| | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
| | - Chanita Naparswad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
| | - Suttiporn Pikulthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
| | - Puttinan Meepowpan
- Department of Chemistry, and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Boonthawan Wingwon
- Department of Management Science, Faculty of Management Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100, Thailand
| | | | - Phansuang Udomputtimekakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100, Thailand.
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Li QR, Cheng YY, Zhao L, Huang XL, Jiang XG, Cui YD, Morris-Natschke SL, Goto M, Chen CH, Lee KH, Chen DF, Zhang J. New phorbol ester derivatives as potent anti-HIV agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128319. [PMID: 34403728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tigliane esters show many biological activities, including anti-HIV-1 activity. Our aim in this study was to establish structure-anti-HIV activity relationships for four series of tigliane-type diterpenoids. We synthesized and evaluated 29 new phorbol ester derivatives for anti-HIV activity and for cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. Among them, three derivatives, two phorbol-13-monoesters (5d and 5e) and a phorbol-12,13-diester (6a), showed significant anti-HIV activity. We found that better anti-HIV activity was often associated with a shorter acyl ester at C-13. Particularly, compounds with a phenyl ring in the ester side chain exhibited excellent anti-HIV activity and had good safety indexes. Due to its significant anti-HIV potency with a high selectivity index, phorbol-12,13-dicinnamoate (6a) was chosen as the potential candidate for further preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Run Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lei Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiao-Gang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Ya-Dong Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Oncology Research Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2926, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Niwa K, Tanaka N, Shimomoto Y, Tsuji D, Kim SY, Kojoma M, Itoh K, Chen CH, Lee KH, Kashiwada Y. Hyperdioxanes, dibenzo-1,4-dioxane derivatives from the roots of Hypericum ascyron. J Nat Med 2021; 75:907-914. [PMID: 34142303 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Six dibenzo-1,4-dioxane derivatives (1-6) were isolated from the roots of a Hypericaceous plant Hypericum ascyron. Spectroscopic analyses revealed 2 and 4-6 to be new compounds. The partial racemic natures of 1-3 were concluded by chiral HPLC analyses, while 5 was confirmed to be a racemate. The absolute configurations 1-4 were deduced on the basis of ECD calculations. Biological activity evaluation of the dibenzo-1,4-dioxane derivatives along with two related compounds: hyperdioxanes A (7) and B (8), previously isolated from the same plant material by our group demonstrated that 7 exhibit an anti-HIV activity (IC50 5.3 μM, TI 7.2) while 8 showed an inhibitory effect on IL-1β production (inhibition rate: 72.3% at 6.3 μM) from LPS-stimulated microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Niwa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Naonobu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Yusei Shimomoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Mareshige Kojoma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, USA
| | - Yoshiki Kashiwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
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7
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Kamo M, Ito M, Toma T, Gotoh H, Shimozono R, Nakagawa R, Koga R, Monde K, Tateishi H, Misumi S, Otsuka M, Fujita M. Discovery of anti-cell migration activity of an anti-HIV heterocyclic compound by identification of its binding protein hnRNP M. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104627. [PMID: 33476868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One compound sometimes shows two biological functions, becoming important aspect of recent drug discovery. This study began with an attempt to confirm the previously reported molecular mechanism of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heterocyclic compound BMMP [2-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethylthio)-4-methylpyrimidine], i.e., induction of abnormal uncoating of the viral core at the post-entry step. Our mechanistic study gave results consistent with this mechanism. We further attempted to find out the molecular target of BMMP by a pulldown approach using previously synthesized biotinylated BMMP (Biotin-BMMP) and successfully identified heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M) as a BMMP-binding protein. This protein was found not to be accountable for the anti-HIV activity of BMMP. As hnRNP M has been reported to promote cancer metastasis, we tested this mechanism and found that BMMP suppressed migration of the human lung carcinoma cell line A549 stimulated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Mechanistic study showed that BMMP suppressed the expression of CD44 mRNA via the regulation of hnRNP M. Furthermore, six new derivatives of BMMP were synthesized, and the patterns of their activities against HIV-1 and cell migration were not uniform, suggesting that the anti-HIV mechanism and the anti-cell migration mechanism of BMMP are independent. Taken together, the anti-cell migration activity of the anti-HIV heterocyclic compound BMMP was newly discovered by identification of its binding protein hnRNP M using a chemical biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kamo
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Miu Ito
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsugumasa Toma
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Haruna Gotoh
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Rie Shimozono
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Riko Nakagawa
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Monde
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan.
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Imrat, Labala RK, Velhal S, Bhagat S, Patel V, Jeyaram K. Small double-stranded RNA with anti-HIV activity abundantly produced by Bacillus subtilis MTCC5480 isolated from fermented soybean. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:828-835. [PMID: 32553954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anti-viral RNA therapy is on high demand nowadays due to the emergence of several new viral infections. The small non-coding regulatory RNAs (dsRNA) from the microbial sources are not yet explored for anti-viral activity. In this study, we assessed the anti-HIV activity of the small dsRNA produced by 12 different microbial species isolated from naturally fermented foods of North-East India. For this, we selectively extracted the dsRNA from the microbial culture, confirmed its double-stranded nature by immunoblotting, and deep sequenced the cDNA library using Illumina platform. Further, we used conventional algorithms to predict the potential targets of the dsRNA sequences within the 3'-UTR region of HIV-1. A small dsRNA fragment with 34 bases in size with a sequence of 3'-UUGGUACACGAGAUGGUUCGACUCGAUGAAGGGC-5' produced abundantly (9.17% of the total dsRNA fraction) by Bacillus subtilis MTCC5480 showed a much higher base complementarity values than previously reported miRNAs analysed against HIV-1. We separated the dsRNA fraction and validated the anti-HIV activity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected with JRCSF strain of HIV-1 virus and the EC50 value ranges from 0.2-0.3 μM. This small dsRNA abundantly produced by B. subtilis could be studied further for its application as an anti-viral therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrat
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India; Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Labala
- Distributed Information Sub-Centre (DISC), Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Shilpa Velhal
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sharad Bhagat
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Jeyaram
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India; Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Mizoram Center, Nursery Veng, Khatla, Aizawl 796005, Mizoram, India.
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9
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Sun S, Huang B, Li Z, Wang Z, Sun L, Gao P, Kang D, Chen CH, Lee KH, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of potential dual-target prodrugs of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and nucleocapsid protein 7. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127287. [PMID: 32631509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we described the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of potential dual-target prodrugs targeting the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7) simultaneously. Among them, the most effective compound 7c was found to inhibit HIV-1 wild-type (WT) strain at double-digit nanomolar concentration (EC50 = 42 nM) in MT-4 cells, and sub-micromole (EC50 = 0.308 μM) to inhibit HIV-1 NL4-3 strain in TZM-bl cells. This is a significant improvement over the parent drug MT. In addition, it showed moderate inhibitory potency (EC50 = 1.329 μM) against the HIV-1 K103N/Y181C double mutant strain (MT-4 cells). The metabolic stability in human plasma of compound 7c indicated that it can release the active forms of the parent drugs MT and AZT in a linear time-independent manner and turn out to be a potential prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songkai Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2926, SORF, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China.
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10
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Patel JJ, Modh RP, Asamdi M, Chikhalia KH. Comparative biological study between quinazolinyl-triazinyl semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide hybrid derivatives. Mol Divers 2020; 25:2271-2287. [PMID: 32596789 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Practical synthesis and biological activities of quinazolinyl-triazinyl semicarbazides (10a-j) and quinazolinyl-triazinyl thiosemicarbazides (11a-j) have been described. The novel semicarbazides and thiosemicarbazides were prepared by condensation of different nucleophiles like isocyanate and isothiocyanate by the displacement of chlorine atoms on the basis of functionality concept on varying conditions. The synthesized quinazolinyl-triazinyl semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide derivatives were evaluated for their expected antimicrobial activity. All the final synthesized derivatives were characterized by their melting point, mass spectra, 1H NMR and 13C NMR as well as elemental microanalysis. The final analogues were then analyzed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Gram positive and negative) and fungus using the agar streak dilution method as well as in vitro anti-HIV activity against two types of viral strains, viz. HIV type I (IIIB) and type II (ROD) by using MTT assay method. SAR and HOMO-LUMO studies were also carried out for proving the structural biological activity. Among them, compounds 10e, 10f, 11h and 11j gave best results as their energy gap is very low which makes their activity higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janki J Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahul P Modh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Manjoorahmed Asamdi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kishor H Chikhalia
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Weiyue S, Ying L, Kanamoto T, Asai D, Takemura H, Nakashima H, Miyazaki K, Yoshida T. Elucidation of anti-HIV mechanism of sulfated cellobiose-polylysine dendrimers. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108084. [PMID: 32658833 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three new spherical sulfated cellobiose-polylysine dendrimers of increasing generations bearing negatively charged sulfate groups were prepared by sulfating the corresponding cellobiose-polylysine dendrimers. The first, second, and third-generation derivatives exhibited potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 values of 3.7, 0.6, and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively, in constant to sulfated oligosaccharides with low anti-HIV activity, while the second-generation sulfated dendrimer was the most active. Surface plasmon resonance measurements with poly-l-lysine bearing positively charged amino acids as a model of the HIV surface glycoprotein gp120, indicated that the second-generation dendrimer had the lowest dissociation constant (KD = 1.86 × 10-12 M). Both the particle size and ζ potential increased in the presence of poly-l-lysine. It was proven that the moderate distance between the terminal sulfated cellobiose units in the second-generation dendrimer favored the high anti-HIV activity, owing to the electrostatic interactions developed due to the cluster effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Weiyue
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Taisei Kanamoto
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asai
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takemura
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyazaki
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan.
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12
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Lu Y, Huang YS, Chen CH, Akiyama T, Morris-Natschke SL, Cheng YY, Chen IS, Yang SZ, Chen DF, Lee KH. Anti-HIV tigliane diterpenoids from Reutealis trisperma. Phytochemistry 2020; 174:112360. [PMID: 32229336 PMCID: PMC7238976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-butanol extract from the branches and leaves of Reutealis trisperma resulted in the isolation of six undescribed (crotignoids L ~ Q) together with two known (12-deoxyphorbol-13-hexadecanoate and 12-deoxyphorbol-13-myristate) tigliane diterpenoids. Their structures, especially the absolute configurations, were determined from extensive spectroscopic studies, including 2D NMR spectra, CD data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All isolates were tested for anti-HIV activity against HL4-3 virus in MT4 cells. Except for crotignoid Q, the remaining seven tigliane diterpenoids exhibited potent anti-HIV activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.0023 to 4.03 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States
| | - Ya-Si Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2926, SORF, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Toshiyuki Akiyama
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States
| | - Ih-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Zehn Yang
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Yang ZJ, Zhang YF, Wu K, Xu YX, Meng XG, Jiang ZT, Ge M, Shao L. New azaphilones, phomopsones A-C with biological activities from an endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. CGMCC No.5416. Fitoterapia 2020; 145:104573. [PMID: 32222428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed azaphilones, phomopsones A-C (1-3) and two known azaphilones (4-5) were isolated from the culture of endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. CGMCC No.5416 from the stems of Achyranthes bidentata. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), and the absolute configurations were determined by CD spectroscopy. Compounds 2 and 3 showed significant inhibitory activities against HIV-1 with against HIV-1 with IC50 values of 7.6 and 0.5 μmol/L, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 also displayed moderate cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 3.2-303 μmol/L against A549, MDA-MB-231 and PANC-1 cell lines. Moreover, compound 3 can induce the early apoptosis of PANC-1 cancer cells with the apoptosis rate of 28.54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China; Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China; Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Yi-Xin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhi-Teng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Mei Ge
- Shanghai Laiyi Center for Biopharmaceutical R&D, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lei Shao
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medine&Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China.
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14
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Budragchaa D, Shiming B, Kanamoto T, Nakashima H, Miyazaki K, Yoshida T. Interaction between sulfated 3-O-octadecyl-α-(1→6)-d-glucan and liposomes analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116022. [PMID: 32414438 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of long alkyl group in sulfated poly- and oligosaccharides on anti-HIV activity, the interaction between sulfated 3-O-octadecyl-(1→6)-α-d-glucopyranan with potent anti-HIV activity and liposomes with diameters of 58 ± 20 nm and 107 ± 28 nm as models of HIV were investigated. SPR measurements of sulfated 3-O-octadecyl-(1→6)-α-d-glucopyranans bearing 2.8 mol% of the octadecyl group and the liposome (diameter = 58 ± 20.0 nm and ζ=0 mV) resulted in an apparent association- ka = 6 × 105 1/M, a dissociation-rate kd = 4 × 10-4 1/s, and a dissociation constants KD = 8 × 10-10 M. The particle size of the sulfated 3-O-octadecyl-(1→6)-α-d-glucopyranan (67 ± 14 nm) measured by DLS increased to 104 ± 25 nm, whereas the ζ potential (-29 mV) was unchanged (-33 mV). For dextran sulfate without an alkyl group, no interaction was observed. These results suggest that the long octadecyl group penetrated into the liposome and sulfated glucopyranan was covered on the liposome to increase the anti-HIV activity. The 107 nm liposome exhibited similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaanyam Budragchaa
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Metabolism and Biochemistry, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia
| | - Bai Shiming
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Taisei Kanamoto
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyazaki
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan.
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15
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Ryang J, Yan Y, Song Y, Liu F, Ng TB. Anti-HIV, antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of paclitaxel from fermentation broth using molecular imprinting technique. AMB Express 2019; 9:194. [PMID: 31797089 PMCID: PMC6890922 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a single component paclitaxel was obtained from fermentation broth by molecular imprinting technique, and its antiviral, antitumor and immunomodulatory activities were studied. The results showed that paclitaxel had a good inhibitory activity on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and showed a concentration- dependent relationship with an IC50 of about 15 μg/mL in the sulforhodamine B assay. At the same time, paclitaxel exerted a weak inhibitory activity on cervical cancer Hela cells. In addition, paclitaxel not only inhibited the invasion of HIV-1 pseudovirus into cells, but also exhibited inhibitory activity to a certain extent after viral invasion of the cells. At a paclitaxel concentration of 20 μg/mL, the inhibition of HIV-1 pseudovirus reached about 66%. The inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity was concentration-dependent. At a concentration of 20 μg/mL, the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on HIV-1 protease was similar to that of the positive control pepstatin A, being 15.8%. The HIV-1 integrase inhibiting activity of paclitaxel was relatively weak. Paclitaxel significantly up-regulated the expression of interleukin-6.
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16
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Kaweewan I, Hemmi H, Komaki H, Harada S, Kodani S. Isolation and structure determination of a new lasso peptide specialicin based on genome mining. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:6050-6055. [PMID: 30448257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on genome mining, a new lasso peptide specialicin was isolated from the extract of Streptomyces specialis. The structure of specialicin was established by ESI-MS and NMR analyses to be a lasso peptide with the length of 21 amino acids, containing an isopeptide bond and two disulfide bonds in the molecule. The stereochemistries of the constituent amino acids except for Trp were determined to be L and the stereochemistry of Trp at C-terminus was determined to be D. Three dimensional structure of specialicin was determined based on NOE experimental data, which indicated that specialicin possessed the similar conformational structure with siamycin I. Specialicin showed the antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus and the moderate anti-HIV activity against HIV-1 NL4-3. The biosynthetic gene cluster of specialicin was proposed from the genome sequence data of S. specialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issara Kaweewan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561 Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hemmi
- Food Research Institute, NARO, 2-1-12 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Komaki
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Harada
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinya Kodani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561 Shizuoka, Japan; Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan.
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17
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Shafique M, Hameed S, Naseer MM, Al-Masoudi NA. Synthesis of new chiral 1,3,4-thiadiazole-based di- and tri-arylsulfonamide residues and evaluation of in vitro anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity. Mol Divers 2018; 22:957-68. [PMID: 29968121 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of new chiral 1,3,4-thiadiazole-based bis-sulfonamides 4a-4w and tri-sulfonamide analogue 5 was synthesized and evaluated as anti-HIV agents. The reaction of chiral amino acids 1 with sulfonyl chlorides 2, followed by subsequent reaction of resultant N-protected amino acids 2a-2f with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of excess phosphorous oxychloride afforded N-(1-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)alkyl)-4-arylsulfonamides 3a-3f. Treatment of 2a-2f with substituted sulfonyl chlorides in portions furnished the target bis-sulfonamide analogues 4a-4w in good yields, together with the unexpected 5. The new compounds were assayed against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells. Compounds 4s were the most active in inhibiting HIV-1 with IC50 = 9.5 μM (SI = 6.6), suggesting to be a new lead in the development of an antiviral agent. Interestingly, compound 5 exhibited significant cytotoxicity of > 4.09 μM and could be a promising antiproliferative agent.
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18
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Yan SL, Li YH, Chen XQ, Liu D, Chen CH, Li RT. Diterpenes from the stem bark of Euphorbia neriifolia and their in vitro anti-HIV activity. Phytochemistry 2018; 145:40-47. [PMID: 29080411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Six previously undescribed diterpenoids, named euphorantins S-T and euphorneroids A-D, including ingol and ent-atisane types, along with eleven known diterpenoids, were isolated from Euphorbia neriifolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR analysis and high resolution mass spectrometry. Euphorneroid D and ent-3-oxoatisan-16α,17-acetonide exhibited moderate anti-HIV-1 activities, with EC50 values of 34 μM (SI = 2.3) and 24 μM (SI = 1.9), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Li Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Xuan-Qin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China.
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19
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Chopade AU, Chopade MU, Chanda BM, Sawaikar DD, Sonawane KB, Gurjar MK. A synthesis of (±)-thia-calanolide A, its resolution and in vitro biological evaluation. ARAB J CHEM 2016; 9:S1597-S1602. [PMID: 38620243 PMCID: PMC7148711 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthesis of (±)-thia-calanolide A 3 has been successfully accomplished starting from 3,5-dimethoxythiophenol 4, in six steps in an overall yield of 4.5%. The key reaction involved Friedel-Crafts tigloylation of 5,7-dihydroxy-4-n-propyl thiocoumarin 6 employing an appropriate solvent of CS2-PhNO2 in a ratio of 7:3. In its biological evaluation for anti-HIV activity, (±)-thia-calanolide A 3 demonstrated comparatively less activity with calanolide A and its synthetic analogue aza-calanolide. Further, (±)-3 has been resolved by chiral HPLC to (+) and (-)-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil U. Chopade
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Bhanu M. Chanda
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dilip D. Sawaikar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Kiran B. Sonawane
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Mukund K. Gurjar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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20
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Zhu H, Chen C, Wang J, Li XN, Wei G, Guo Y, Yao G, Luo Z, Zhang J, Xue Y, Zhang Y. Penicamedine A, a Highly Oxygenated Hexacyclic Indole Alkaloid from Penicillium camemberti. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:1547-53. [PMID: 26460559 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly oxygenated hexacyclic indole alkaloid, penicamedine A (1), bearing a rare furan ring, was isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium camemberti, together with two known analogs, iso-α-cyclopiazonic acid (2) and cyclopiazonic acid (3). The structure of 1 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Its absolute configuration was further confirmed unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 was evaluated for anti-HIV activity with p24 assays and tested for cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines, including HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480, and the immortalized non-cancerous human pulmonary epithelial cell line BEAS-2B by MTS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311)
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311)
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311)
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China
| | - Guangzheng Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311)
| | - Yi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311)
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311)
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311)
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311).
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China, (phone: +86-27-83692311).
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21
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Lu X, Li X, Yang J, Huang B, Kang D, Zhao F, Zhou Z, De Clercq E, Daelemans D, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Arylazolyl(azinyl)thioacetanilides. Part 20: Discovery of novel purinylthioacetanilides derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs via a structure-based bioisosterism approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4424-4433. [PMID: 27501911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
By means of structure-based bioisosterism approach, a series of novel purinylthioacetanilide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Some of the tested compounds were found to be active against wild-type (WT) HIV-1(IIIB) with EC50 in the range of 0.78-4.46μM. Among them, LAD-8 displayed the most potent anti-HIV activity (EC50=0.78μM, SI=24). In addition, LBD-6 showed moderate activity against L100I mutant (EC50=5.64μM) and double mutant strain RES056 (EC50=22.24μM). Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed in detail. Molecular modeling study was used to predict the optimal conformation in the NNRTI binding site, which may play a guiding role in further rational optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiapei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China.
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22
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Schröder M, Kolodzik A, Windshügel B, Krepstakies M, Priyadarshini P, Hartjen P, van Lunzen J, Rarey M, Hauber J, Meier C. Linker-Region Modified Derivatives of the Deoxyhypusine Synthase Inhibitor CNI-1493 Suppress HIV-1 Replication. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:91-103. [PMID: 26725082 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of cellular factors that are involved in viral replication may be an important alternative to the commonly used strategy of targeting viral enzymes. The guanylhydrazone CNI-1493, a potent inhibitor of the deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS), prevents the activation of the cellular factor eIF-5A and thereby suppresses HIV replication and a number of other diseases. Here, we report on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of CNI-1493 analogues. The sebacoyl linker in CNI-1493 was replaced by different alkyl or aryl dicarboxylic acids. Most of the tested derivatives suppress HIV-1 replication efficiently in a dose-dependent manner without showing toxic side effects. The unexpected antiviral activity of the rigid derivatives point to a second binding mode as previously assumed for CNI-1493. Moreover, the chemical stability of CNI-1493 was analysed, showing a successive hydrolysis of the imino bonds. By molecular dynamics simulations, the behaviour of the parent CNI-1493 in solution and its interactions with DHS were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Kolodzik
- ZBH Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Windshügel
- ZBH Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Krepstakies
- Heinrich Pette Institute - Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini
- Heinrich Pette Institute - Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Hartjen
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan van Lunzen
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rarey
- ZBH Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- Heinrich Pette Institute - Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Li J, Goto M, Yang X, Morris-Natschke SL, Huang L, Chen CH, Lee KH. Fluorinated betulinic acid derivatives and evaluation of their anti-HIV activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:68-71. [PMID: 26598461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Several fluorinated derivatives of the anti-HIV maturation agent bevirimat (1) were synthesized and evaluated for anti-HIV replication activity. The modified positions were the C-2, C-3, C-28, and C-30 positions, either directly on the betulinic acid (2) skeleton or in the attached side chains. Compound 18, which has a trifluoromethyl group added to C-30 of its isopropenyl group, exhibited similar potency to 1 against HIV-1NL4-3. In total, our current studies support our prior conclusion that C-30 allylic modification is unlikely to be a pharmacophore for anti-HIV activity, but could be a meaningful route to manipulate other properties of 2-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, China; Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Li Huang
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Abstract
Background Purine nucleoside analogs (PNAs) constitute an important group of cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of neoplastic and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, classification models have been developed for the prediction of the anti-HIV activity of purine nucleoside analogs. Results The topochemical version of superaugmented pendentic index-4 has been proposed and successfully utilized for the development of models. A total of 60 2D and 3D molecular descriptors (MDs) of diverse nature were selected for building the classification models using decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and moving average analysis (MAA). The values of most of these descriptors for each of the analogs in the dataset were computed using the Dragon software (version 5.3). An in-house computer program was also employed to calculate additional MDs which were not included in the Dragon software. DT, RF, and SVM correctly classified the analogs into actives and inactives with an accuracy of 89 %, 83 %, and 78 %, respectively. MAA-based models predicted the anti-HIV activity of purine nucleoside analogs with a non-error rate up to 98 %. Therapeutic active spans of the suggested MAA-based models not only showed more potency but also exhibited enhanced safety as revealed by comparatively high values of selectivity index (SI). The statistical importance of the developed models was appraised via intercorrelation analysis, specificity, sensitivity, non-error rate, and Matthews correlation coefficient. Conclusions High predictability of the proposed models clearly indicates an immense potential for developing lead molecules for potent but safe anti-HIV purine nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Khatri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Viney Lather
- JCDM College of Pharmacy, Barnala Road, Sirsa, 125055 India
| | - A K Madan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, 124001 India
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25
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Budragchaa D, Bai S, Kanamoto T, Nakashima H, Han S, Yoshida T. Synthetic galactomannans with potent anti-HIV activity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:233-42. [PMID: 26076622 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening polymerization of a new 1,6-anhydro disaccharide monomer, 1, 6-anhydro-2, 3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-(2', 3', 4', 6'-tetra-O-benzyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl)-α-d-mannopyranose, was carried out using PF5 as a catalyst under high vacuum at -60°C to give galactose branched mannopyranan (synthetic galactomannan), 4-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-mannopyranan, after debenzylation with Na in liquid NH3. The ring-opening copolymerization with 1, 6-anhydro-tri-O-benzyl-α-d-mannopyranose in various feeds was also performed to give synthetic galactomannans with various proportions of galactose branches. After sulfation, sulfated synthetic galactomannans were found to have anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity as high and low as those of standard curdlan and dextran sulfates, respectively, which are potent anti-HIV sulfated polysaccharides with low cytotoxicity. The anti-HIV mechanism of sulfated synthetic galactomannans used by poly-l-lysine as a model peptide of the HIV surface protein was estimated by using SPR, DSL, and zeta potential measurements, revealing the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged sulfate groups and positively charged amino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaanyam Budragchaa
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shiming Bai
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taisei Kanamoto
- St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Shuqin Han
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan.
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26
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Ahmad M, Aslam S, Rizvi SUF, Muddassar M, Ashfaq UA, Montero C, Ollinger O, Detorio M, Gardiner JM, Schinazi RF. Molecular docking and antiviral activity of N-substituted benzyl/phenyl-2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxidopyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazin-2(4H)-yl)acetamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1348-51. [PMID: 25701249 PMCID: PMC7717120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of fifteen N-substituted benzyl/phenyl-2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxidopyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazin-2(4H)-yl)acetamides were screened for anti-HIV-1 activity and cytotoxicity. The compounds 6a, 6d, 6e, 6g and 6i from the series 6a-i of benzylamides and 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 7e from the series 7a-f of anilides were identified as effective anti-HIV-1 agents with EC50 values <20μM. Among these compounds that displayed anti-HIV-1 activity, 6a, 6e, 6g and 6i showed no toxicity in human PBM, CEM and Vero cells, with the exception of 6a which displayed toxicity in Vero cells. Molecular docking of these compounds provided insight into the molecular mechanism and it was found that 6e, 6g and 6i bound deeply in the NNRTI binding pocket of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, using RT-bound nevirapine X-ray data and molecular docking for validation, showing the potential of these new structures as inhibitors of this viral enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Catherine Montero
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Olivia Ollinger
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mervi Detorio
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John M Gardiner
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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27
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Thuy TTT, Ly BM, Van TTT, Quang NV, Tu HC, Zheng Y, Seguin-Devaux C, Mi B, Ai U. Anti-HIV activity of fucoidans from three brown seaweed species. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:122-8. [PMID: 25439876 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine brown algae. In the current work the anti-HIV activity of three fucoidans, extracted from three brown seaweeds Sargassum mcclurei, Sargassum polycystum and Turbinara ornata and collected from Nha Trang bay, Vietnam was investigated. Fucoidans extracted from the three species displayed similar antiviral activities with a mean IC50 ranging from 0.33 to 0.7 μg/ml while displaying no cell toxicity. Our results showed that the anti-HIV activity of fucoidans is not primarily linked to the sulfate content and the appropriate position of sulfate groups in the fucoidan backbones was also not associated with the antiviral activity. Fucoidans inhibited HIV-1 infection when they were pre-incubated with the virus but not with the cells, and not after infection, blocking the early steps of HIV entry into target cells. These data contribute to a better understanding of the influence of fucoidans structural characteristics on their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thi Thu Thuy
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| | - Bui Minh Ly
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Thanh Van
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Ngo Van Quang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Ho Cam Tu
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg
| | - Yue Zheng
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg
| | | | - Bilan Mi
- N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Usov Ai
- N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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28
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Xu B, Kong J, Wang X, Wei W, Xie W, Yu XF. Structural insight into the assembly of human anti-HIV dynamin-like protein MxB/Mx2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:197-201. [PMID: 25446123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) is a key component of the innate immune response to exogenous pathogens. Interferon increases the mRNA levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in vivo, which is thought to account for its antiviral activity. Recent studies have indicated that human myxovirus resistance protein 2 (Mx2 or MxB), one of these ISGs, contributes to the inhibition of HIV-1 replication by interferon. MxB may bind to HIV-1 relatively late in the post-entry phase, and it leads to a reduced level of integrated viral DNA, thereby restricting HIV-1 infection. The N-terminal 91-aa domain of MxB and the assembly of MxB mediated by the Stalk domain have also been shown to be indispensible for MxB's anti-viral functions, but the mechanism involved has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure (2.9Å) of the human MxB Stalk domain. MxB Stalk shows one dimer in the asymmetric unit. Each monomer contains a four-helix bundle. Interestingly, analyses of MxB dimer interfaces show that the majority of residues involved in the interface are not conserved between MxB and MxA, contributing to the building of a more stable MxB dimer. MxA and MxB Stalk domains share 46.7% sequence identity, and the structure of the MxA Stalk domain and the overall structure of MxB Stalk have a similar conformation. Our results indicate that although human Mx proteins share common structural characteristics, their dimerization strategies are unique, contributing to their unique contributions to viral restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 E Minzhu Ave, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 E Minzhu Ave, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, China.
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29
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Bashyal BP, Wellensiek BP, Ramakrishnan R, Faeth SH, Ahmad N, Gunatilaka AAL. Altertoxins with potent anti-HIV activity from Alternaria tenuissima QUE1Se, a fungal endophyte of Quercus emoryi. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6112-6. [PMID: 25260957 PMCID: PMC4252765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Screening of a small library of natural product extracts derived from endophytic fungi of the Sonoran desert plants in a cell-based anti-HIV assay involving T-cells infected with the HIV-1 virus identified the EtOAc extract of a fermentation broth of Alternaria tenuissima QUE1Se inhabiting the stem tissue of Quercus emoryi as a promising candidate for further investigation. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation and identification of two new metabolites, altertoxins V (1) and VI (2) together with the known compounds, altertoxins I (3), II (4), and III (5). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis and those of 3-5 were established by comparison with reported data. When tested in our cell-based assay at concentrations insignificantly toxic to T-cells, altertoxins V (1), I (3), II (4), and III (5) completely inhibited replication of the HIV-1 virus at concentrations of 0.50, 2.20, 0.30, and 1.50 μM, respectively. Our findings suggest that the epoxyperylene structural scaffold in altertoxins may be manipulated to produce potent anti-HIV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat P Bashyal
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States
| | - Brian P Wellensiek
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States; Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States
| | - Rajesh Ramakrishnan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Stanley H Faeth
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States.
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30
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Romanucci V, Gaglione M, Messere A, Potenza N, Zarrelli A, Noppen S, Liekens S, Balzarini J, Di Fabio G. Hairpin oligonucleotides forming G-quadruplexes: new aptamers with anti-HIV activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:51-8. [PMID: 25462225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe the facile syntheses of new modified oligonucleotides based on d(TG3AG) that form bimolecular G-quadruplexes and possess a HEG loop as an inversion of polarity site 3'-3' or 5'-5' and aromatic residues conjugated to the 5'-end through phosphodiester bonds. The conjugated hairpin G-quadruplexes exhibited parallel orientation, high thermal stability, elevated resistance in human serum and high or moderate anti-HIV-1 activity with low cytotoxicity. Further, these molecules showed significant binding to HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120, gp41 and HSA, as revealed by SPR assays. As a result, these conjugated hairpins represent the first active anti-HIV-1 bimolecular G-quadruplexes based on the d(TG3AG) sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Gaglione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università̀ di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Messere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università̀ di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università̀ di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sam Noppen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 10 Minderbroedersstraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 10 Minderbroedersstraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 10 Minderbroedersstraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Romanucci V, Milardi D, Campagna T, Gaglione M, Messere A, D'Urso A, Crisafi E, La Rosa C, Zarrelli A, Balzarini J, Di Fabio G. Synthesis, biophysical characterization and anti-HIV activity of d(TG3AG) Quadruplexes bearing hydrophobic tails at the 5'-end. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:960-6. [PMID: 24433967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel conjugated G-quadruplex-forming d(TG3AG) oligonucleotides, linked to hydrophobic groups through phosphodiester bonds at 5'-end, have been synthesized as potential anti-HIV aptamers, via a fully automated, online phosphoramidite-based solid-phase strategy. Conjugated quadruplexes showed pronounced anti-HIV activity with some preference for HIV-1, with inhibitory activity invariably in the low micromolar range. The CD and DSC monitored thermal denaturation studies on the resulting quadruplexes, indicated the insertion of lipophilic residue at the 5'-end, conferring always improved stability to the quadruplex complex (20<ΔTm<40°C). The data suggest no direct functional relationship between the thermal stability and anti-HIV activity of the folded conjugated G-quartets. It would appear that the nature of the residue at 5' end of the d(TG3AG) quadruplexes plays an important role in the thermodynamic stabilization but a minor influence on the anti-HIV activity. Moreover, a detailed CD and DSC analyses indicate a monophasic behaviour for sequences I and V, while for ODNs (II-IV) clearly show that these quadruplex structures deviate from simple two-state melting, supporting the hypothesis that intermediate states along the dissociation pathway may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-Catania, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Campagna
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-Catania, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Gaglione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università̀ di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Messere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università̀ di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Crisafi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Rai D, Chen W, Tian Y, Chen X, Zhan P, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, Liu X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-benzyloxy-linked pyrimidinylphenylamine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7398-405. [PMID: 24134904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 3-benzyloxy-linked pyrimidinylphenylamine derivatives (8a-8s) was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV activity in MT-4 cell cultures. Most of the compounds inhibited wild-type (wt) HIV-1 replication in the lower micromolar concentration range (EC(50)=0.05-35 μM) with high selectivity index (SI) values (ranged from 10 to >4870). In particular, 8h and 8g displayed excellent antiretroviral activity against wt HIV-1 with low cytotoxicity (EC(50)=0.07 μM, CC(50) >347 μM, SI >4870; EC50=0.05 μM, CC(50)=42 μM, SI=777, respectively), comparable to that of the marked drug nevirapine (EC(50)=0.113 μM, CC(50) >15 μM, SI >133). In order to confirm the binding target, 8h was selected to perform the anti-HIV-1 RT assay. Additionally, preliminary structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis and molecular docking studies of newly synthesized compounds were also discussed, as well as the predicted physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Rai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Educational Ministry of China), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
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Noorizadeh H, Sajjadifar S, Farmany A. A quantitative structure-activity relationship study of anti-HIV activity of substituted HEPT using nonlinear models. Med Chem Res 2013; 22:5442-52. [PMID: 24098069 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We performed studies on extended series of 79 HEPT ligands (1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine), inhibitors of HIV reverse-transcriptase with anti-HIV biological activity, using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods that imply analysis of correlations and representation of models. A suitable set of molecular descriptors was calculated, and the genetic algorithm was employed to select those descriptors which resulted in the best-fit models. The kernel partial least square and Levenberg–Marquardt artificial neural network were utilized to construct the nonlinear QSAR models. The proposed methods will be of great significance in this research, and would be expected to apply to other similar research fields.
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