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Hong S, Moon JS, Yoon SS, Kim HY, Lee YJ. Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in Pig Slaughterhouses in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:1-9. [PMID: 37819680 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that has variable subtypes associated with human listeriosis and occurs in food and processing environments. This study was conducted to provide the genetic and phenotypic characterization of L. monocytogenes in pig carcasses and environments of slaughterhouses in Korea. A total of 22 L. monocytogenes were isolated from eight of 26 pig slaughterhouses between 2020 and 2022, and the most common serotype was 1/2c (40.9%), followed by serotypes 1/2b (31.8%) and 1/2a (27.3%). The isolates showed a significantly high prevalence of virulence genes located in Listeria pathogenicity island-1 (LIPI-1) and internalins (90.9-100%; p < 0.05). However, the prevalence rates of llsX, ptsA, and stress survival islet-1 (SSI-1) located in LIPI-3, LIPI-4, and SSI were only 9.1%, 22.7%, and 31.8%, respectively. In addition, among the epidemic clones (EC), ECI, ECII, ECIII, and ECV, only one isolate was represented as ECV. Isolates identified from the same slaughterhouses were divided into two or more pulsotypes, except for two slaughterhouses. Furthermore, the seven STs were classified into seven clonal complexes (CCs) (CC8, CC9, CC37, CC87, CC121, CC155, and CC288), and all CCs belonged to lineages I (31.8%) and II (68.1%). Interestingly, the isolates showed a high prevalence of oxacillin resistance (59.1%), and most isolates of the serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b exhibited oxacillin resistance, whereas only one of nine serotype 1/2c isolates exhibited oxacillin resistance. These results provide the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes in pig carcasses and environments of slaughterhouses, and continuous monitoring will be helpful in predicting food safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serim Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Minarovičová J, Adriana V, Zuzana K, Andrezál M, Hana D, Eva K. Tracing of persistent Listeria monocytogenes contamination in ewe's milk farm. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6988184. [PMID: 36695431 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ewe's milk farm production is permanently associated with the risk of contamination by pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. In the present study, the prevalence and diversity of L. monocytogenes strains repeatedly isolated from tank ewe's milk and the milking environment on a farm in Slovakia during a prolonged period were investigated to identify the source of potentially persistent contamination. A total of 140 samples along the milk production chain were collected during an 18-month period. From all these samples, 45 samples were found L. monocytogenes positive with 90.3% positivity of tank milk samples (28 positive samples from 31 analysed). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiling resulted in strain discrimination into six profiles with one pulsotype (NS1) corresponding to MLST-ST14 being predominant. A total of 17 proportionally selected L. monocytogenes isolates, including 11 NS1/ST14 isolates, were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Resulted data were used to compare the genomes diversity and to confirm the persistent contamination when <10 allelic differences threshold in cgMLST analysis was applied. The source of persistent contamination was localized inside the milking apparatus, probably in shelters that were very difficult to clean. Despite great efforts, the ewe's milk contamination could not be eliminated during the reporting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Minarovičová
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Véghová Adriana
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kubicová Zuzana
- State Veterinary and Food Institute, Jánoškova 1611/58, 026 01 Dolný Kubín, Slovakia
| | - Michal Andrezál
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Drahovská Hana
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava 4, Slovakia.,Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kaclíková Eva
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Molecular typing and genome sequencing allow the identification of persistent Listeria monocytogenes strains and the tracking of the contamination source in food environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110025. [PMID: 36436413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in the food processing environment (facilities and products) is a challenging problem in food safety management. Lm is one of the main causes of mortality in foodborne infections, and the trend is continuously increasing. In this study, a collection of 323 Lm strain isolates recovered from food matrices and food industry environments (surfaces and equipment) over four years from 80 food processing facilities was screened using a restriction site-associated tag sequencing (2b-RAD) typing approach developed for Lm. Thirty-six different restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) types (RTs) were identified, most of which correspond to lineage II. RT1, the most represented genotype in our collection and already reported as one of the most prevalent genotypes in the food environment, was significantly associated with meat processing facilities. The sequencing of the genomes of strains belonging to the same RT and isolated in the same facility in different years revealed several clusters of persistence. The definition of the persistent strains (PSs) allowed the identification of the potential source of contamination in the incoming raw meat that is introduced in the facility to be processed. The slaughterhouses, which, according to the European Union (EU) regulation, are not inspected for the presence of Lm could be hotspots for the persistence of Lm PSs.
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Coroneo V, Marras L, Giaccone V, Conficoni D, Brignardello SAS, Bissacco E, Trapella C, Alogna A, Gentili V, Parisi A, Loi F, Cappai S, Pisanu M, Cogoni MP. Evaluation of the microbiological and chemical aspects of autochthonous wild snails in Sardinia. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10289. [PMID: 35832039 PMCID: PMC9272080 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to acquire knowledge on the epidemiology and ecology of some zoonotic agents in snails. Chemical and microbiological analysis was carried out on 46 samples of snails belonging to the species of Helix aspersa and Helix (Eobania) vermiculata. The association between heavy metals and wild snails, a native consumer product in the Region of Sardinia, was determined. The molecular characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes has shown a genetic profile that deserves more attention for the improvement of surveillance and risk prevention. Specimens of H. vermiculata showed higher concentrations of cadmium (M=0.80±0.56 mg/kg) than H. aspersa (M=0.61±0.17 mg /kg). A further objective was to determine whether the samples showed significant differences from the point of view of secretion characterisation, in terms of protein content, and to identify species-specific correlations and possible relationships with the environment. The presence of Salmonella enterica sub.sp houtenae (6,14: z4, z23) and Salmonella enterica subsp diarizonae (47: k: e, n, z15) (1 sample), Listeria monoSnails,cytogenes (2 samples) with Molecular characterization of virulence genes together with the measurement of heavy metals in samples of wild snails has shown a health and hygiene profile that would deserve greater attention for the improvement of the surveillance and prevention of microbiological and chemical risk in such products which currently show a tendency towards increase in consumption.
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Centorotola G, Guidi F, D’Aurizio G, Salini R, Di Domenico M, Ottaviani D, Petruzzelli A, Fisichella S, Duranti A, Tonucci F, Acciari VA, Torresi M, Pomilio F, Blasi G. Intensive Environmental Surveillance Plan for Listeria monocytogenes in Food Producing Plants and Retail Stores of Central Italy: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081944. [PMID: 34441721 PMCID: PMC8392342 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) can persist in food processing environments (FPEs), surviving environmental stresses and disinfectants. We described an intensive environmental monitoring plan performed in Central Italy and involving food producing plants (FPPs) and retail grocery stores (RSs). The aim of the study was to provide a snapshot of the Lm circulation in different FPEs during a severe listeriosis outbreak, using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the genetic diversity of the Lm isolated, evaluating their virulence and stress resistance profiles. A total of 1217 samples were collected in 86 FPEs with 12.0% of positive surfaces at FPPs level and 7.5% at RSs level; 133 Lm isolates were typed by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and core genome MLST (cgMLST). Clonal complex (CC) 121 (25.6%), CC9 (22.6%), CC1 (11.3%), CC3 (10.5%), CC191 (4.5%), CC7 (4.5%) and CC31 (3.8%) were the most frequent MLST clones. Among the 26 cgMLST clusters obtained, 5 of them persisted after sanitization and were re-isolated during the follow-up sampling. All the CC121 harboured the Tn6188_qac gene for tolerance to benzalkonium chloride and the stress survival islet SSI-2. The CC3, CC7, CC9, CC31 and CC191 carried the SSI-1. All the CC9 and CC121 strains presented a premature stop codon in the inlA gene. In addition to the Lm Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1), CC1, CC3 and CC191 harboured the LIPI-3. The application of intensive environmental sampling plans for the detection and WGS analysis of Lm isolates could improve surveillance and early detection of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Centorotola
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.C.); (V.A.A.); (M.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabrizia Guidi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.O.); (A.P.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-075-3431
| | - Guglielmo D’Aurizio
- ARS P.F. Prevenzione Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Regione Marche, via Don Gioia, 8, 60122 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Romolo Salini
- Centro Operativo Veterinario Per l’Epidemiologia, Programmazione, Informazione e Analisi del Rischio (COVEPI), National Reference Center for Veterinary Epidemiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Per Sequenze Genomiche di Microrganismi Patogeni, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Donatella Ottaviani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.O.); (A.P.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Annalisa Petruzzelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.O.); (A.P.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Stefano Fisichella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.O.); (A.P.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Anna Duranti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.O.); (A.P.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Franco Tonucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.O.); (A.P.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Vicdalia Aniela Acciari
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.C.); (V.A.A.); (M.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Marina Torresi
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.C.); (V.A.A.); (M.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.C.); (V.A.A.); (M.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Giuliana Blasi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.O.); (A.P.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (G.B.)
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Ayhan K, Coşansu S, Orhan-Yanıkan E, Gülseren G. Advance methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of microorganisms. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Bespalova TY, Mikhaleva TV, Meshcheryakova NY, Kustikova OV, Matovic K, Dmitrić M, Zaitsev SS, Khizhnyakova MA, Feodorova VA. Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1289. [PMID: 34204786 PMCID: PMC8231576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is amongst the major food-borne pathogens in the world that affect mammal species, including humans. This microorganism has been associated with both sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of human listeriosis worldwide, with high mortality rates. In this study, the main sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs) were investigated in all of the 13 L. monocytogenes strains originating from different sources in the Republic of Serbia in 2004-2019 and that were available in the BIGSdb-Lm database. We found at least 13 STs belonging to the phylogenetic lineages I and II. These strains were represented by ST1/ST3/ST9 of CC1/CC3/CC9, which were common in the majority of the European countries and worldwide, as well as by eight novel STs (ST1232/ST1233/ST1234/ST1235/ST1238/ST1236/ST1237/ST1242) of CC19/CC155/CC5/CC21/CC3/CC315/CC37, and the rare ST32 (clonal complex ST32) and ST734 (CC1), reported in the Republic of Serbia, the EU, for the first time. Our study confirmed the association of CC1 with cases of neuroinfection and abortions among small ruminants, and of CC3 and CC9 with food products of animal origin. The strains isolated in 2019 carried alleles of the internalin genes (inlA/inlB/inlC/inlE) characteristic of the most virulent strains from the hypervirulent CC1. These findings demonstrated the genetic relatedness between L. monocytogenes strains isolated in the Republic of Serbia and worldwide. Our study adds further information about the diversity of the L. monocytogenes genotypes of small ruminants and food products, as the strain distribution in these sources in Serbia had not previously been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu. Bespalova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Samara, 443013 Samara, Russia; (T.Y.B.); (T.V.M.); (N.Y.M.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Tatiana V. Mikhaleva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Samara, 443013 Samara, Russia; (T.Y.B.); (T.V.M.); (N.Y.M.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Nadezhda Yu Meshcheryakova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Samara, 443013 Samara, Russia; (T.Y.B.); (T.V.M.); (N.Y.M.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Olga V. Kustikova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Samara, 443013 Samara, Russia; (T.Y.B.); (T.V.M.); (N.Y.M.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Kazimir Matovic
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostic, Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia; (K.M.); (M.D.)
- Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Marko Dmitrić
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostic, Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia; (K.M.); (M.D.)
- Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Specialized Institute Kraljevo, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Sergey S. Zaitsev
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia; (S.S.Z.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Maria A. Khizhnyakova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia; (S.S.Z.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Valentina A. Feodorova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia; (S.S.Z.); (M.A.K.)
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Chmielowska C, Korsak D, Szuplewska M, Grzelecka M, Maćkiw E, Stasiak M, Macion A, Skowron K, Bartosik D. Benzalkonium chloride and heavy metal resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fish, fish products and food-producing factories in Poland. Food Microbiol 2021; 98:103756. [PMID: 33875198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to benzalkonium chloride (BC), cadmium and arsenic was tested (by susceptibility assays and molecular methods) in 287 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fish and fish products, and food-producing factories in Poland. Overall, 40% of the isolates were resistant to BC, 56% to cadmium and 41% to arsenic (57% displayed resistance to more than one of the tested compounds). Among BC-resistant isolates, the most commonly detected resistance determinant was the qacH gene (83%). Three distinct types of cadA gene determining resistance to cadmium were detected, with the cadA1 variant predominant (88%), while most arsenic-resistant isolates (86%) harbored the arsA gene associated with a Tn554-like transposon (one strain harbored two copies of arsA in different arsenic resistance cassettes). 53% of all tested isolates contained plasmids (from 4 kb to > 90 kb in size), which were classified into 11 groups (p1-p11) based on their restriction patterns. Interestingly, 12 isolates harbored the small mobilizable pLMST6-like plasmid pLIS3 encoding multidrug efflux pump EmrC. Clustering analysis of PFGE patterns revealed that these isolates represent several diverse bacterial populations, which strongly suggests mobility of the pLMST6-like plasmids among L. monocytogenes strains and their role in dissemination of BC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Chmielowska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Korsak
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szuplewska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grzelecka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiw
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Food Safety, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Stasiak
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Food Safety, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Macion
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier, Department of Microbiology, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bartosik
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2220:89-103. [PMID: 32975768 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0982-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequence-based methods focusing on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua housekeeping genes (multilocus sequence typing) and in the core genome (core genome MLST) facilitate the rapid and interlaboratory comparison in open accessible databases as provided by Institute Pasteur ( https://bigsdb.web.pasteur.fr/listeria/listeria.html ). Strains can be compared on a global level and help to track forward and trace backward pathogen contamination events in food processing facilities and in outbreak scenarios.
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Bahrami A, Davis S, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Williams L. The efficiency of technologies used for epidemiological characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates : an update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1079-1091. [PMID: 33092402 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1835816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of pathogenic bacteria by providing information regarding the identification and source-tracking of the causes of outbreaks is vital for the epidemiological investigations of foodborne diseases. The knowledge of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) strains from the environment, directly or indirectly (through food processing facilities) to the final food products, due to the complexity of evaluating numerous, affecting parameters is quite limited. The food trade globalization also adds difficulties in tracking the association between the infection occurrence and causative pathogens, aiming to prevent their spread. The occurrence of listeriosis, a notifiable disease throughout the world, can either be sporadic or outbreak-related. Due to the importance of foodborne outbreaks from a public health aspect and its correspondence enormous economic losses, cross-linked surveillance studies regarding the contamination of foods by L. monocytogenes, besides identifying clusters and tracing the sources of infections on an international-scale to prevent and control L. monocytogenes outbreaks sounds very crucial. Contrary to the conventional typing methods, molecular-based techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing, owing to the capacity to discriminate L. monocytogenes strains down to single nucleotide differences, provide an accurate characterization of strains and tracking the causes of outbreaks. However, routinely using molecular-based methods depends on the required improvements in the affordability, proper timing, and preparing reliable, standardized bioinformatics facilities. This work was conducted to critically review the practical potential of diverse typing methods have been used for the characterization of L. monocytogenes and discuss how they might change the future of efforts for control of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Bahrami
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural, and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shurrita Davis
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural, and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonard Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural, and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
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Al-Shabib NA, Husain FM, Nadeem M, Khan MS, Al-Qurainy F, Alyousef AA, Arshad M, Khan A, Khan JM, Alam P, Albalawi T, Shahzad SA. Bio-inspired facile fabrication of silver nanoparticles from in vitro grown shoots of Tamarix nilotica: explication of its potential in impeding growth and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and assessment of wound healing ability. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30139-30149. [PMID: 35518236 PMCID: PMC9056294 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04587j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel, safe, and effective antilisterial agents are required in order to prevent Listeria monocytogenes infections and maintain food safety. This study synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the shoot extract of in vitro-grown Tamarix nilotica (TN) and characterized them using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also assessed the antilisterial potential of the synthesized TN-AgNPs by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against two strains of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua. TN-AgNPs (2×MICs) showed a significant decrease in growth in all Listeria test strains. Release of cellular content and cell morphology analysis of TN-AgNP-treated bacterial cells demonstrated the mechanism of bactericidal activity of AgNPs. In addition, TN-AgNPs induced a significant decrease in swimming motility (62–71%), biofilm formation (57–64%), and preformed biofilms (48–58%) in all Listeria test strains at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Microtitre plate assay results for biofilm inhibition were confirmed by SEM and CLSM visualization of TN-AgNP-treated and TN-AgNP-untreated Listeria test strains. TN-AgNPs also showed wound-healing activity in MCF-7 cells by inhibiting cell migration in a scratch plate assay. TN-AgNP-induced enhanced reactive oxygen species generation in treated cells could be a plausible reason for the biofilm inhibitory activity of AgNPs. TN-AgNPs having antilisterial, antibiofilm, and wound-healing properties can be effectively used to prevent L. monocytogenes infections in the food industry and healthcare. Novel, safe, and effective antilisterial agents are required in order to prevent Listeria monocytogenes infections and maintain food safety.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A Al-Shabib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University 2456 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University 2456 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nadeem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University 2456 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University 2456 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Qurainy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University 2456 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alyousef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University 2460 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University 2460 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University 2460 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University 2456 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Univrsity Alkharj Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Univrsity Alkharj Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ali Shahzad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University 2456 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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12
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In-Depth Longitudinal Study of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00579-20. [PMID: 32414794 PMCID: PMC7357480 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00579-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment, and certain types can be established in food factories. The sequence type ST9 dominates in meat processing environments, and this work was undertaken to obtain data needed for the tracking of this subtype. By using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we revealed the presence of cross-contamination routes between meat factories as well as within a single factory, including the spread from different reservoirs within the same room. It was also possible to estimate the time frame of persistence in the factory, as well as when and how new clones had entered. The present work contributes valuable information about the diversity of ST9 and exemplifies the potential power of WGS in food safety management, allowing the determination of relationships between strains both in an international context and locally between and within factories. Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen mostly associated with the consumption of ready-to-eat foods and can cause severe disease and death. It can be introduced into food chains from raw materials, but often the contamination source is the food production environment, where certain clones can persist for years. In the meat chain, ST9 is one of the most commonly encountered L. monocytogenes sequence types, and for effective source tracking, the divergence and spread of ST9 must be understood. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize and track 252 L. monocytogenes ST9 isolates collected from four Norwegian meat processing plants between 2009 and 2017. The isolates formed distinct clusters relative to genomes found in public databases, and all but three isolates clustered into two major clonal populations. Different contamination patterns were revealed, e.g., evidence of contamination of two factories with a clone that diverged from its ancestor in the late 1990s through a common source of raw materials; breach of hygienic barriers within a factory, leading to repeated detection of two clones in the high-risk zone during a 4- to 6-year period; entry through the purchase and installation of second-hand equipment harboring a previously established clonal population; and spreading and diversification of two clones from two reservoirs within the same production room over a 9-year period. The present work provides data on the diversity of ST9, which is crucial for epidemiological investigations and highlights how WGS can be used for source tracking within food processing factories. IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment, and certain types can be established in food factories. The sequence type ST9 dominates in meat processing environments, and this work was undertaken to obtain data needed for the tracking of this subtype. By using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we revealed the presence of cross-contamination routes between meat factories as well as within a single factory, including the spread from different reservoirs within the same room. It was also possible to estimate the time frame of persistence in the factory, as well as when and how new clones had entered. The present work contributes valuable information about the diversity of ST9 and exemplifies the potential power of WGS in food safety management, allowing the determination of relationships between strains both in an international context and locally between and within factories.
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13
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Listeria monocytogenes is prevalent in retail produce environments but Salmonella enterica is rare. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Chen M, Cheng J, Pang R, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zeng H, Lei T, Ye Q, Wu S, Zhang S, Wu H, Wang J, Wu Q. Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 121 strains using a novel multiplex PCR assay. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Coban A, Pennone V, Sudagidan M, Molva C, Jordan K, Aydin A. Prevalence, virulence characterization, and genetic relatedness of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from chicken retail points and poultry slaughterhouses in Turkey. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1063-1073. [PMID: 31478167 PMCID: PMC6863211 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens and is a causal agent of listeriosis in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serogroups, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence factor genes, and genetic relatedness of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from 500 poultry samples in Turkey. The isolation sources of 103 L. monocytogenes strains were retail markets (n = 100) and slaughterhouses (n = 3). L. monocytogenes strains were identified as serogroups 1/2a-3a (75.7%, lineage I), 1/2c-3c (14.56%, lineage I), 1/2b-3b-7 (5.82%, lineage II), 4a-4c (2.91%, lineage III), and 4b-4d-4e (0.97%, lineage III). Most of the L. monocytogenes strains (93.2%) were susceptible to the antibiotics tested. PCR analysis indicated that the majority of the strains (95% to 100%) contained most of the virulence genes (hylA, plcA, plcB, prfA, mpl, actA, dltA, fri, flaA inlA, inlC, and inlJ). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) demonstrated that there were 18 pulsotypes grouped at a similarity of > 90% among the strains. These results indicate that it is necessary to prevent the presence of L. monocytogenes in the poultry-processing environments to help prevent outbreaks of listeriosis and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Coban
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Pennone
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- KIT-ARGEM R&D Center, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Celenk Molva
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kieran Jordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali Aydin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Leong C, Schmid B, Toi MJ, Wang J, Irudayaswamy AS, Goh JPZ, Bosshard PP, Glatz M, Dawson TL. Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1891. [PMID: 31551938 PMCID: PMC6736582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal fungi such as Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula are common on healthy skin but are also associated with opportunistic invasive and superficial infections. Skin microbial community characterization has been extensively performed worldwide, with a focus on the 16S bacterial community. These studies have focused on geographically distinct or targeted cohorts with variable reported species distributions of commensal yeast species. To determine the effects of extrinsic environmental factors such as geography, climate, and ethnicity on detected healthy skin commensal yeast diversity, we compared cohorts from Singapore and Zürich, Switzerland, representative of two geographically and climatically distinct regions comprising multi-ethnic (Chinese, Malay, Indian, Caucasian) and predominantly white Caucasian cohorts, respectively, using identical skin sampling and culture methods. We chose to use a culture-based approach as cultures isolated from patients are still required for studies of pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility. Detection of yeast species by culture-dependent and independent sequencing-based methods suggest healthy skin diversity reflects a species distribution representative of the geography, climate and ethnic background of their local populations. Culture success and species diversity was also found to be dependent on climate, with warm tropical climates favoring high positive culture rates and greater species diversity. Multilocus sequence typing data suggests some strains are geographically distinct and may be used to segregate potential disease-causing commensals. For accurate collection and characterization of skin microbial communities, it remains recommended to employ a combination of culture-dependent and sequence-based culture-independent methods. Characterization of healthy mycobiomes in geographically distinct local populations will be useful in defining the role of commensal fungi in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Leong
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Min Jet Toi
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce Wang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joleen Peh Zhen Goh
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Glatz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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17
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Modelling the fate and serogroup variability of persistent Listeria monocytogenes strains on grated cheese at different storage temperatures. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 286:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Melero B, Stessl B, Manso B, Wagner M, Esteban-Carbonero ÓJ, Hernández M, Rovira J, Rodriguez-Lázaro D. Listeria monocytogenes colonization in a newly established dairy processing facility. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 289:64-71. [PMID: 30199737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence and colonization of Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in a newly established dairy processing plant during a one-year period. A total of 250 non-food contact surfaces, 163 food contact surfaces, 46 personnel and 77 food samples were analyzed in two different buildings according to the cheese production chain. Initial steps, including salting, are performed in building I (old facility), while the final steps, including ripening, cutting and packaging, are performed in building II (new facility). Overall, 218 samples were collected from building I and 318 from building II. L. monocytogenes isolates were subtyped by PFGE and MLST, and a questionnaire about quality measures was completed. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 8.40%, and while the presence of the pathogen was observed just during the first sampling in building I, L. monocytogenes was found in building II at the third sampling event. The salting area in building I had the highest proportion of positive samples with the highest diversity of PFGE types. Moreover, L. monocytogenes PFGE type 3 (sequence type -ST- 204) was first detected in building II in the third visit, and spread through this building until the end of the study. The answers to the questionnaire implied that lack of hygienic barriers in specific parts of the facilities and uncontrolled personnel flow were the critical factors for the spread of L. monocytogenes within and between buildings. Knowledge of the patterns of L. monocytogenes colonization can help a more rational design of new cheesemaking facilities, and improve the food safety within current facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Melero
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatriz Manso
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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19
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Oxaran V, Lee SHI, Chaul LT, Corassin CH, Barancelli GV, Alves VF, de Oliveira CAF, Gram L, De Martinis ECP. Listeria monocytogenes incidence changes and diversity in some Brazilian dairy industries and retail products. Food Microbiol 2017; 68:16-23. [PMID: 28800821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause listeriosis, a severe foodborne disease. In Brazil, despite very few reported cases of listeriosis, the pathogen has been repeatedly isolated from dairies. This has led the government to implement specific legislation to reduce the hazard. Here, we determined the incidence of L. monocytogenes in five dairies and retail products in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil over eight months. Of 437 samples, three samples (0.7%) from retail and only one sample (0.2%) from the dairies were positive for L. monocytogenes. Thus, the contamination rate was significantly reduced as compared to previous studies. MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was used to determine if contamination was caused by new or persistent clones leading to the first MLST profile of L. monocytogenes from the Brazilian dairy industry. The processing environment isolate is of concern being a sequence-type (ST) 2, belonging to the lineage I responsible for the majority of listeriosis outbreaks. Also, ST3 and ST8 found in commercialized cheese have previously been reported in outbreaks. Despite the lower incidence, dairy products still pose a potential health risk and the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in dairies and retail products emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of this pathogen in the Brazilian dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Hwa In Lee
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Luíza Toubas Chaul
- FF/UFG, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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20
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Luo L, Zhang Z, Wang H, Wang P, Lan R, Deng J, Miao Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Zhang L, Sun S, Liu X, Zhou Y, Chen X, Li Q, Ye C. A 12-month longitudinal study of Listeria monocytogenes contamination and persistence in pork retail markets in China. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Amato E, Filipello V, Gori M, Lomonaco S, Losio MN, Parisi A, Huedo P, Knabel SJ, Pontello M. Identification of a major Listeria monocytogenes outbreak clone linked to soft cheese in Northern Italy - 2009-2011. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:342. [PMID: 28499357 PMCID: PMC5429568 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular subtyping and enhanced surveillance in Lombardy region identified a cluster of possibly related listeriosis cases from 2006 to 2010. This cluster grouped 31 isolates that belonged to serotype 1/2a and Sequence Type 38 (ST38) as defined by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Methods Our study expanded the previous investigation to include cases from 2011 to 2014 and used Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing (MVLST) on all ST38 isolates to better understand their epidemiology and possibly identify a common source outbreak. Results Out of 306 L. monocytogenes clinical isolates collected, 43 (14.1%) belonged to ST38 with cases occurring in nine out of twelve Lombardy provinces. The ST38 isolates were split by MVLST into two Virulence Types (VTs): VT80 (n = 12) and VT104 (n = 31). VT104 cases were concentrated between 2009 and 2011 in two provinces, Bergamo and Milan. An epidemiologic investigation was performed and in one case, a matching VT104 isolate was retrieved from a soft cheese sample from a patient’s refrigerator. Conclusions Our findings revealed a major listeriosis outbreak in Northern Italy linked to soft cheese in 2009–2011, which went undetected by local health authorities. Our study shows that integrating subtyping methods with conventional epidemiology can help identify the source of L. monocytogenes outbreak clones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2441-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Filipello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lomonaco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marina Nadia Losio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pol Huedo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen John Knabel
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 405 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, 16802 University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Mirella Pontello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy. .,Coordinated Research Center "EpiSoMI", University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Rychli K, Wagner EM, Ciolacu L, Zaiser A, Tasara T, Wagner M, Schmitz-Esser S. Comparative genomics of human and non-human Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 121 strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176857. [PMID: 28472116 PMCID: PMC5417603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is able to survive for months and even years in food production environments. Strains belonging to sequence type (ST)121 are particularly found to be abundant and to persist in food and food production environments. To elucidate genetic determinants characteristic for L. monocytogenes ST121, we sequenced the genomes of 14 ST121 strains and compared them with currently available L. monocytogenes ST121 genomes. In total, we analyzed 70 ST121 genomes deriving from 16 different countries, different years of isolation, and different origins—including food, animal and human ST121 isolates. All ST121 genomes show a high degree of conservation sharing at least 99.7% average nucleotide identity. The main differences between the strains were found in prophage content and prophage conservation. We also detected distinct highly conserved subtypes of prophages inserted at the same genomic locus. While some of the prophages showed more than 99.9% similarity between strains from different sources and years, other prophages showed a higher level of diversity. 81.4% of the strains harbored virtually identical plasmids. 97.1% of the ST121 strains contain a truncated internalin A (inlA) gene. Only one of the seven human ST121 isolates encodes a full-length inlA gene, illustrating the need of better understanding their survival and virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rychli
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Eva M. Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Luminita Ciolacu
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
- * E-mail:
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23
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Du XJ, Zhang X, Wang XY, Su YL, Li P, Wang S. Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Chinese food obtained from the central area of China. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Hingston P, Chen J, Dhillon BK, Laing C, Bertelli C, Gannon V, Tasara T, Allen K, Brinkman FSL, Truelstrup Hansen L, Wang S. Genotypes Associated with Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Displaying Impaired or Enhanced Tolerances to Cold, Salt, Acid, or Desiccation Stress. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:369. [PMID: 28337186 PMCID: PMC5340757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is a large concern in the food industry where its continuous detection in food products has caused a string of recalls in North America and Europe. Most recognized for its ability to grow in foods during refrigerated storage, L. monocytogenes can also tolerate several other food-related stresses with some strains possessing higher levels of tolerances than others. The objective of this study was to use a combination of phenotypic analyses and whole genome sequencing to elucidate potential relationships between L. monocytogenes genotypes and food-related stress tolerance phenotypes. To accomplish this, 166 L. monocytogenes isolates were sequenced and evaluated for their ability to grow in cold (4°C), salt (6% NaCl, 25°C), and acid (pH 5, 25°C) stress conditions as well as survive desiccation (33% RH, 20°C). The results revealed that the stress tolerance of L. monocytogenes is associated with serotype, clonal complex (CC), full length inlA profiles, and the presence of a plasmid which was identified in 55% of isolates. Isolates with full length inlA exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced cold tolerance relative to those harboring a premature stop codon (PMSC) in this gene. Similarly, isolates possessing a plasmid demonstrated significantly (p = 0.013) enhanced acid tolerance. We also identified nine new L. monocytogenes sequence types, a new inlA PMSC, and several connections between CCs and the presence/absence or variations of specific genetic elements. A whole genome single-nucleotide-variants phylogeny revealed sporadic distribution of tolerant isolates and closely related sensitive and tolerant isolates, highlighting that minor genetic differences can influence the stress tolerance of L. monocytogenes. Specifically, a number of cold and desiccation sensitive isolates contained PMSCs in σB regulator genes (rsbS, rsbU, rsbV). Collectively, the results suggest that knowing the sequence type of an isolate in addition to screening for the presence of full-length inlA and a plasmid, could help food processors and food agency investigators determine why certain isolates might be persisting in a food processing environment. Additionally, increased sequencing of L. monocytogenes isolates in combination with stress tolerance profiling, will enhance the ability to identify genetic elements associated with higher risk strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hingston
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bhavjinder K. Dhillon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Chad Laing
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Victor Gannon
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Allen
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fiona S. L. Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen
- Division for Microbiology and Production, National Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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De Cesare A, Parisi A, Mioni R, Comin D, Lucchi A, Manfreda G. Listeria monocytogenes Circulating in Rabbit Meat Products and Slaughterhouses in Italy: Prevalence Data and Comparison Among Typing Results. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:167-176. [PMID: 28067541 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbit meat has outstanding dietetic and nutritional properties. However, few data on microbiological hazards associated with rabbit productions are available. In this study, the presence of Listeria monocytogenes was determined in 430 rabbit carcasses, 256 rabbit meat cuts and products, and 599 environmental sponges collected from four Italian rabbit slaughterhouses over a period of 1 year. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes among the 1285 rabbit meat and environmental samples was 11%, with statistically significant differences between slaughterhouses. The highest prevalence (33.6%) was observed in rabbit meat cuts and products; the majority of positive environmental samples were collected from conveyor belts. Overall, 27.9% and 14.3% of rabbit cuts and carcasses, respectively, had L. monocytogenes counts higher than 1 colony-forming unit (CFU)/10 g. A selection of 123 isolates from positive samples was genotyped and serotyped to determine genetic profiles and diversity among L. monocytogenes isolates contaminating different slaughterhouses and classes of products investigated. Discriminatory power and concordance among the results obtained using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), automated EcoRI ribotyping, and serotyping were assessed. The isolates selected for typing were classified into serotypes 1/2a (52.8%), 1/2c (32.5%), and 1/2b (14.6%). The majority of the isolates were classified as ST14 (34.1%), ST9 (35.5%), ST121 (17.9%), and ST224 (14.6%). The greatest discriminatory power was observed with the MLVA typing, followed by MLST, PFGE, and ribotyping. The best bidirectional concordance was achieved between PFGE and MLST. There was 100% correlation between both MLST and MLVA with serotype. Moreover, a high unidirectional correspondence was observed between MLVA and both MLST and PFGE, as well as between PFGE and both MLST and serotyping. The results of this study show for the first time in Italy prevalence and genetic profiles of L. monocytogenes isolated in rabbit products and slaughterhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Cesare
- 1 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- 2 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata , Putignano, Italy
| | - Renzo Mioni
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Italy
| | - Damiano Comin
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alex Lucchi
- 1 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- 1 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
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26
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Dreyer M, Aguilar-Bultet L, Rupp S, Guldimann C, Stephan R, Schock A, Otter A, Schüpbach G, Brisse S, Lecuit M, Frey J, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 1 is predominant in ruminant rhombencephalitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36419. [PMID: 27848981 PMCID: PMC5111077 DOI: 10.1038/srep36419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in diverse mammalian species including humans and ruminants. As little is known on the link between strains and clinicopathological phenotypes, we studied potential strain-associated virulence and organ tropism in L. monocytogenes isolates from well-defined ruminant cases of clinical infections and the farm environment. The phylogeny of isolates and their virulence-associated genes were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and sequence analysis of virulence-associated genes. Additionally, a panel of representative isolates was subjected to in vitro infection assays. Our data suggest the environmental exposure of ruminants to a broad range of strains and yet the strong association of sequence type (ST) 1 from clonal complex (CC) 1 with rhombencephalitis, suggesting increased neurotropism of ST1 in ruminants, which is possibly related to its hypervirulence. This study emphasizes the importance of considering clonal background of L. monocytogenes isolates in surveillance, epidemiological investigation and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Dreyer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisandra Aguilar-Bultet
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Rupp
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Schock
- Department of Pathology, AHVLA Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Otter
- AHVLA Shrewsbury Kendal Road, Harlscott, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France.,French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Conficoni D, Losasso C, Cortini E, Di Cesare A, Cibin V, Giaccone V, Corno G, Ricci A. Resistance to Biocides in Listeria monocytogenes Collected in Meat-Processing Environments. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1627. [PMID: 27807430 PMCID: PMC5069283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of microorganisms exerting resistance to biocides is a challenge to meat-processing environments. Bacteria can be intrinsically resistant to biocides but resistance can also be acquired by adaptation to their sub-lethal concentrations. Moreover, the presence of biocide resistance determinants, which is closely linked to antibiotic resistance determinants, could lead to co-selection during disinfection practices along the food chain, and select cross-resistant foodborne pathogens. The purpose of this work was to test the resistance of wild strains of Listeria monocytogenes, isolated from pork meat processing plants, toward benzalkonium chloride (BC), used as proxy of quaternary ammonium compounds. Furthermore, the expression of two non-specific efflux pumps genes (lde and mdrL) under biocide exposure was evaluated. L. monocytogenes were isolated from five processing plants located in the Veneto region (northeast of Italy) before and after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures. A total of 45 strains were collected: 36 strains before and nine after the C&D procedures. Collected strains were typed according to MLST and ERIC profiles. Strains sampled in the same site, isolated before, and after the C&D procedures and displaying the same MLST and ERIC profiles were tested for their sensitivity to different concentrations of BC, in a time course assay. The expression of non-specific efflux pumps was evaluated at each time point by qPCR using tufA gene as housekeeping. A differential expression of the two investigated genes was observed: lde was found to be more expressed by the strains isolated before C&D procedures while its expression was dose-dependent in the case of the post C&D procedures strain. On the contrary, the expression of mdrL was inhibited under low biocidal stress (10 ppm BC) and enhanced in the presence of high stress (100 ppm BC). These findings suggests a possible role for C&D procedures to select L. monocytogenes persisters, pointing out the importance of dealing with the identification of risk factors in food plants sanification procedures that might select more tolerant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Conficoni
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VeneziePadova, Italy; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of PaduaPadova, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Cortini
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE) Verbania, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Giaccone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE) Verbania, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
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28
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Population Genetic Structure of Listeria monocytogenes Strains as Determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5720-8. [PMID: 27235443 PMCID: PMC5007763 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00583-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that may cause the foodborne illness listeriosis. Only a small amount of data about the population genetic structure of strains isolated from food is available. This study aimed to provide an accurate view of the L. monocytogenes food strain population in France. From 1999 to 2014, 1,894 L. monocytogenes strains were isolated from food at the French National Reference Laboratory for L. monocytogenes and classified according to the five risk food matrices defined by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). A total of 396 strains were selected on the basis of different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) clusters, serotypes, and strain origins and typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the MLST results were supplemented with MLST data available from Institut Pasteur, representing human and additional food strains from France. The distribution of sequence types (STs) was compared between food and clinical strains on a panel of 675 strains. High congruence between PFGE and MLST was found. Out of 73 PFGE clusters, the two most prevalent corresponded to ST9 and ST121. Using original statistical analysis, we demonstrated that (i) there was not a clear association between ST9 and ST121 and the food matrices, (ii) serotype IIc, ST8, and ST4 were associated with meat products, and (iii) ST13 was associated with dairy products. Of the two major STs, ST121 was the ST that included the fewest clinical strains, which might indicate lower virulence. This observation may be directly relevant for refining risk analysis models for the better management of food safety. IMPORTANCE This study showed a very useful backward compatibility between PFGE and MLST for surveillance. The results enabled better understanding of the population structure of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food and management of the health risks associated with L. monocytogenes food strains. Moreover, this work provided an accurate view of L. monocytogenes strain populations associated with specific food matrices. We clearly showed that some STs were associated with food matrices, such as meat, meat products, and dairy products. We opened the way to source attribution modeling in order to quantify the relative importance of the main food matrices.
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29
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Camargo AC, Woodward JJ, Nero LA. The Continuous Challenge of Characterizing the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:405-16. [PMID: 27120361 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen commonly isolated from food processing environments and food products. This organism can multiply at refrigeration temperatures, form biofilms on different materials and under various conditions, resist a range of environmental stresses, and contaminate food products by cross-contamination. L. monocytogenes is recognized as the causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease that affects mainly individuals from high-risk groups, such as pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Listeriosis can be considered a disease that has emerged along with changing eating habits and large-scale industrial food processing. This disease causes losses of billions of dollars every year with recalls of contaminated foods and patient medical treatment expenses. In addition to the immune status of the host and the infecting dose, the virulence potential of each strain is crucial for the development of disease symptoms. While many isolates are naturally virulent, other isolates are avirulent and unable to cause disease; this may vary according to the presence of molecular determinants associated with virulence. In the last decade, the characterization of genetic profiles through the use of molecular methods has helped track and demonstrate the genetic diversity among L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from various sources. The purposes of this review were to summarize the main methods used for isolation, identification, and typing of L. monocytogenes and also describe its most relevant virulence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Carlos Camargo
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Augusto Nero
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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30
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Belluco S, Losasso C, Patuzzi I, Rigo L, Conficoni D, Gallocchio F, Cibin V, Catellani P, Segato S, Ricci A. Silver As Antibacterial toward Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:307. [PMID: 27014230 PMCID: PMC4779933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a serious foodborne pathogen that can contaminate food during processing and can grow during food shelf-life. New types of safe and effective food contact materials embedding antimicrobial agents, like silver, can play an important role in the food industry. The present work aimed at evaluating the in vitro growth kinetics of different strains of L. monocytogenes in the presence of silver, both in its ionic and nano form. The antimicrobial effect was determined by assaying the number of culturable bacterial cells, which formed colonies after incubation in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or silver nitrate (AgNO3). Ionic release experiments were performed in parallel. A different reduction of bacterial viability between silver ionic and nano forms was observed, with a time delayed effect exerted by AgNPs. An association between antimicrobial activity and ions concentration was shown by both silver chemical forms, suggesting the major role of ions in the antimicrobial mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Belluco
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Laura Rigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Daniele Conficoni
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Federica Gallocchio
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Catellani
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
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31
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Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from tonsils of slaughtered fattening pigs in Switzerland. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-015-0974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Wu S, Wu Q, Zhang J, Chen M, Guo W. Analysis of Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Chinese Retail Ready-to-Eat Food. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:168. [PMID: 26909076 PMCID: PMC4754575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty Listeria monocytogenes isolates were obtained from Chinese retail ready-to-eat (RTE) food and were previously characterized with serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The aim of this study was to characterize the subtype and virulence potential of these L. monocytogenes isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence-associate genes, epidemic clones (ECs), and sequence analysis of the important virulence factor: internalin A (inlA). The result of MLST revealed that these L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to 14 different sequence types (STs). With the exception of four new STs (ST804, ST805, ST806, and ST807), all other STs observed in this study have been associated with human listeriosis and outbreaks to varying extents. Six virulence-associate genes (inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, hly, and llsX) were selected and their presence was investigated using PCR. All strains carried inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, and hly, whereas 38.8% (31/80) of strains harbored the listeriolysin S genes (llsX). A multiplex PCR assay was used to evaluate the presence of markers specific to epidemic clones of L. monocytogenes and identified 26.3% (21/80) of ECI in the 4b-4d-4e strains. Further study of inlA sequencing revealed that most strains contained the full-length InlA required for host cell invasion, whereas three mutations lead to premature stop codons (PMSC) within a novel PMSCs at position 326 (GAA → TAA). MLST and inlA sequence analysis results were concordant, and different virulence potentials within isolates were observed. These findings suggest that L. monocytogenes isolates from RTE food in China could be virulent and be capable of causing human illness. Furthermore, the STs and virulence profiles of L. monocytogenes isolates have significant implications for epidemiological and public health studies of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
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33
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Pauletto M, Carraro L, Babbucci M, Lucchini R, Bargelloni L, Cardazzo B. Extending RAD tag analysis to microbial ecology: a comparison between MultiLocus Sequence Typing and 2b-RAD to investigate Listeria monocytogenes genetic structure. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:823-35. [PMID: 26613186 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has dramatically changed bacterial typing technologies, increasing our ability to differentiate bacterial isolates. Despite it is now possible to sequence a bacterial genome in a few days and at reasonable costs, most genetic analyses do not require whole-genome sequencing, which also remains impractical for large population samples due to the cost of individual library preparation and bioinformatics. More traditional sequencing approaches, however, such as MultiLocus Sequence Typing (mlst) are quite laborious and time-consuming, especially for large-scale analyses. In this study, a genotyping approach based on restriction site-associated (RAD) tag sequencing, 2b-RAD, was applied to characterize Listeria monocytogenes strains. To verify the feasibility of the method, an in silico analysis was performed on 30 available complete genomes. For the same set of strains, in silico mlst analysis was conducted as well. Subsequently, 2b-RAD and mlst analyses were experimentally carried out on 58 isolates collected from food samples or food-processing sites. The obtained results demonstrate that 2b-RAD predicts mlst types and often provides more detailed information on population structure than mlst. Moreover, the majority of variants differentiating identical sequence type isolates mapped against accessory fragments, thus providing additional information to characterize strains. Although mlst still represents a reliable typing method, large-scale studies on molecular epidemiology and public health, as well as bacterial phylogenetics, population genetics and biosafety could benefit of a low cost and fast turnaround time approach such as the 2b-RAD analysis proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lucchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Barbara Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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Nyarko EB, Donnelly CW. Listeria monocytogenes: Strain Heterogeneity, Methods, and Challenges of Subtyping. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M2868-78. [PMID: 26588067 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that is associated with 20% to 30% case fatality rate. L. monocytogenes is a genetically heterogeneous species, with a small fraction of strains (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 4b) implicated in human listeriosis. Monitoring and source tracking of L. monocytogenes involve the use of subtyping methods, with the performance of genetic-based methods found to be superior to phenotypic-based ones. Various methods have been used to subtype L. monocytogenes isolates, with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) being the gold standard. Although PFGE has had a massive impact on food safety through the establishment of the PulseNet, there is no doubt that whole genome sequence (WGS) typing is accurate, has a discriminatory power superior to any known method, and allows genome-wide differences between strains to be quantified through the comparison of nucleotide sequences. This review focuses on the different techniques that have been used to type L. monocytogenes strains, their performance challenges, and the tremendous impact WGS typing could have on the food safety landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond B Nyarko
- Dept. of Animal and Food Science, Univ. of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, 531 S. College Avenue, Newark, Del., 19716, U.S.A
| | - Catherine W Donnelly
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Univ. of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 Carrigan Wing, Burlington, Vt., 05405, U.S.A
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Shimojima Y, Ida M, Nishino Y, Ishitsuka R, Kuroda S, Hirai A, Sadamasu K, Nakama A, Kai A. Multiplex PCR serogrouping of Listeria monocytogenes isolated in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:477-9. [PMID: 26537550 PMCID: PMC4829520 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR serogrouping methods were used to examine strains of L.
monocytogenes isolated in Japan. Among 187 strains, 99.5% were classified into
4 PCR serogroups corresponding to conventional serotypes. Only one isolate had a new PCR
profile, which may be a variant of serogroup IVb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Shimojima
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
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36
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Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated during 2011–2014 from different food matrices in Switzerland. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen M, Wu Q, Zhang J, Wu S, Guo W. Prevalence, enumeration, and pheno- and genotypic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw foods in South China. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1026. [PMID: 26483765 PMCID: PMC4586447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause serious illness in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, the elderly, and newborns. The aim of this study was to: (i) evaluate the prevalence and contamination level [most probable number (MPN)] of L. monocytogenes in 567 retail raw foods (fishery products, n = 154; raw/fresh meat, n = 123; frozen foods, n = 110; edible fungi, n = 108; vegetables, n = 72) collected from South China and (ii) to gain further knowledge on the phenotype and genotype distributions of this important foodborne pathogen. Approximately 22% of the samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. The contamination levels were between 0.3 and 10 MPN/g in 75.0%, between 10 and 100 MPN/g in 11.0% and less than 100 MPN/g in 14.0% of the countable samples. Five serogroups were identified among the 177 foodborne L. monocytogenes isolates, with 1/2a-3a (42.4%) and 1/2b-3b (26.0%) serogroups being the most dominant. Serogroups I.1 and II.2 were only found in the edible mushrooms, while serogroup III was dominant in the fishery products, suggesting that specific serogroups of L. monocytogenes may have distinct ecological niches. Ten (5.6%) L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. Genetic relatedness analysis revealed the absence of distinct associations between specific food types, antibiotic resistance, serogroups, and genetic diversity. The present study provided the first baseline data on the prevalence, contamination level, and characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolated from raw foods in South China. Some multidrug resistant strains belonged to the epidemiologically important serogroups (I.1 and II.1), implying a potential public health risk. In addition, these findings also provide basic information for the Chinese food safety associated authorities to draft appropriate standards to control L. monocytogenes contamination and improve microbiological safety of raw foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China ; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China ; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
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Montero D, Bodero M, Riveros G, Lapierre L, Gaggero A, Vidal RM, Vidal M. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from a wide variety of ready-to-eat foods and their relationship to clinical strains from listeriosis outbreaks in Chile. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:384. [PMID: 25983727 PMCID: PMC4415432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen transmitted through food that can cause severe infections in high-risk groups such as pregnant women, elderly, young children and immunocompromised individuals. It is a ubiquitous bacterium that can survive in harsh conditions, such as dry environments, at low temperatures, in brine conditions and at low pH values. It also has the capacity to form biofilms, which makes it particularly successful even in colonizing surfaces within food processing plants. This study analyzed the presence of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food (RTE) such as sausage, cheese, fresh salads, and other types of raw food. 850 samples of refrigerated and packaged food collected in 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. It was found that 25% of these samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes strains. Serotyping and virulence genes detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified that strains belonging to serotype 4b, and containing one or more genes encoded by pathogenicity island (LIPI-1), were significantly associated with specific food types. Furthermore, using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), it was possible to associate isolates from cheese with strains from clinical cases of listeriosis outbreaks that occurred during the same time period within the same geographic regions. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between isolates from frozen seafood and from clinical strains obtained from sporadic cases of listeriosis. In agreement with reports described in other countries, our results shown that Chilean strains of L. monocytogenes from food products include the most virulent serotypes, encoding for the main virulence genes of the LIPI-1, and were clonally related to clinical isolates from sporadic cases and outbreaks of listeriosis. In conclusion, we show that Chilean isolates of L. monocytogenes from RTE and raw food products can cause disease in humans, representing a public health risk that justifies permanent surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montero
- Programa de Microbiologia y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Bodero
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Ambiental y Laboral, Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud Región Metropolitana Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermina Riveros
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Ambiental y Laboral, Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud Región Metropolitana Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Gaggero
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M Vidal
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Ambiental y Laboral, Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud Región Metropolitana Santiago, Chile
| | - Maricel Vidal
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Ambiental y Laboral, Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud Región Metropolitana Santiago, Chile
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Schmitz-Esser S, Müller A, Stessl B, Wagner M. Genomes of sequence type 121 Listeria monocytogenes strains harbor highly conserved plasmids and prophages. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:380. [PMID: 25972859 PMCID: PMC4412001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is often found in food production environments. Thus, controlling the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in food production is a great challenge for food safety. Among a great diversity of L. monocytogenes strains from food production, particularly strains belonging to sequence type (ST)121 are prevalent. The molecular reasons for the abundance of ST121 strains are however currently unknown. We therefore determined the genome sequences of three L. monocytogenes ST121 strains: 6179 and 4423, which persisted for up to 8 years in food production plants in Ireland and Austria, and of the strain 3253 and compared them with available L. monocytogenes ST121 genomes. Our results show that the ST121 genomes are highly similar to each other and show a tremendously high degree of conservation among some of their prophages and particularly among their plasmids. This remarkably high level of conservation among prophages and plasmids suggests that strong selective pressure is acting on them. We thus hypothesize that plasmids and prophages are providing important adaptations for survival in food production environments. In addition, the ST121 genomes share common adaptations which might be related to their persistence in food production environments such as the presence of Tn6188, a transposon responsible for increased tolerance against quaternary ammonium compounds, a yet undescribed insertion harboring recombination hotspot (RHS) repeat proteins, which are most likely involved in competition against other bacteria, and presence of homologs of the L. innocua genes lin0464 and lin0465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Anneliese Müller
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
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Geographical and longitudinal analysis of Listeria monocytogenes genetic diversity reveals its correlation with virulence and unique evolution. Microbiol Res 2015; 175:84-92. [PMID: 25912377 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens causing severe diseases with a mortality rate of 24%. However, the genetic diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, particularly at the worldwide level, are poorly defined. In this study, we performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multi virulence locus sequence typing (MVLST) for 86 L. monocytogenes strains derived from 8 countries from 1926 to 2012 in order to better understand the molecular evolution and genetic characteristics of this pathogen. A total of 13 clonal complexes (CCs) were detected, of which CC1, CC2, CC3, CC7, CC9, CC4 are the most prevalent. Notably, polymorphism of housekeeping genes of isolates belong to CC1 (STs = 47) increased more rapidly over the time. MLST-based phylogenetic analysis showed that serotype 1/2b and 4b strains had an "interval-type" evolution pattern, while serotype 1/2a and 1/2c strains had a "progressive-type" evolution pattern. Furthermore, strains from temporally and geographically unrelated outbreaks in different countries were clustered in the same subgroup of phylogenetic tree, indicating that that L. monocytogenes developed highly similar virulence genes and genetic characteristics to adaptation in a special ecological niche. Interestingly, there was a high correlation between the population structure of MVLST and MLST among the isolates of cluster IA corresponding to CC1, CC2, CC4 and CC6 that had the highest potential to cause listeriosis outbreaks, strengthening that surveillance of these CCs is important for prevention of listeriosis. The present study offers insights into the internal relationships between the population structure, distribution and pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes.
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41
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Nyarko E, Donnelly C. Differentiation of different mixed Listeria strains and also acid-injured, heat-injured, and repaired cells of Listeria monocytogenes using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Food Prot 2015; 78:540-8. [PMID: 25719878 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to differentiate mixed strains of Listeria monocytogenes and mixed strains of L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua. FT-IR spectroscopy was also applied to investigate the hypothesis that heat-injured and acid-injured cells would return to their original physiological integrity following repair. Thin smears of cells on infrared slides were prepared from cultures for mixed strains of L. monocytogenes, mixed strains of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, and each individual strain. Heat-injured and acid-injured cells were prepared by exposing harvested cells of L. monocytogenes strain R2-764 to a temperature of 56 ± 0.2°C for 10 min or lactic acid at pH 3 for 60 min, respectively. Cellular repair involved incubating aliquots of acid-injured and heat-injured cells separately in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract for 22 to 24 h; bacterial thin smears on infrared slides were prepared for each treatment. Spectral collection was done using 250 scans at a resolution of 4 cm(-1) in the mid-infrared wavelength region. Application of multivariate discriminant analysis to the wavelength region from 1,800 to 900 cm(-1) separated the individual L. monocytogenes strains. Mixed strains of L. monocytogenes and L. monocytogenes cocultured with L. innocua were successfully differentiated from the individual strains when the discriminant analysis was applied. Different mixed strains of L. monocytogenes were also successfully separated when the discriminant analysis was applied. A data set for injury and repair analysis resulted in the separation of acid-injured, heat-injured, and intact cells; repaired cells clustered closer to intact cells when the discriminant analysis (1,800 to 600 cm(-1)) was applied. FT-IR spectroscopy can be used for the rapid source tracking of L. monocytogenes strains because it can differentiate between different mixed strains and individual strains of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond Nyarko
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Bington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Catherine Donnelly
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Bington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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42
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Martín B, Perich A, Gómez D, Yangüela J, Rodríguez A, Garriga M, Aymerich T. Diversity and distribution of Listeria monocytogenes in meat processing plants. Food Microbiol 2014; 44:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hadjilouka A, Andritsos ND, Paramithiotis S, Mataragas M, Drosinos EH. Listeria monocytogenes serotype prevalence and biodiversity in diverse food products. J Food Prot 2014; 77:2115-20. [PMID: 25474059 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess serotype prevalence and biodiversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from diverse food products, i.e., minced pork, fruits, and vegetables. Three hundred twenty-six samples previously purchased from supermarkets and street markets within the Athens area were studied for L. monocytogenes prevalence. A total of 121 strains were isolated from the 36 samples that were positive for L. monocytogenes. Serotyping was performed with multiplex PCR, and biodiversity was assessed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR analysis using M13, UBC155, and HLWL85 as primers and with repetitive element palindromic (rep) PCR analysis using (GTG)5 as the primer. The majority (17 of 22) of the contaminated minced pork samples contained strains identified as serotype 1/2a, either alone or in combination with strains belonging to serotypes 1/2b, 4a, 4c, or 4ab. However, all L. monocytogenes isolates from fruits and vegetables belonged to serotype 4b. Rep-PCR provided better differentiation of the isolates than did RAPD PCR and resulted in discrimination of the isolates into a larger number of unique profiles. Complete differentiation was achieved only with the combination of these subtyping techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agni Hadjilouka
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos D Andritsos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Mataragas
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios H Drosinos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
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Schoder D, Strauß A, Szakmary-Brändle K, Stessl B, Schlager S, Wagner M. Prevalence of major foodborne pathogens in food confiscated from air passenger luggage. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 209:3-12. [PMID: 25161012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The EU has issued several directives and regulations pertaining to the importation of animals and products of animal origin (POAO) and veterinary controls on importation. Unfortunately, little information is available concerning associated risks and no attempts have been made to collect baseline data on the actual prevalence of zoonotic agents in POAO carried by travellers. To meet these challenges the EU recently introduced and financed a research project "PROMISE". Its main objectives were to assess the risks involved when foodborne pathogens are introduced to the EU via uncontrolled imports. With special permission of the Austrian health authorities, spot-checks were made of the luggage of 61,355 passengers from 240 flights from non-EU countries arriving at the Vienna International Airport (VIE airport). Over a period of eight months (August 2012 through March 2013) 1473 POAO items were confiscated. A total of 600 samples were suitable for Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., verotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes prevalence analysis. Foodborne pathogens could be detected in 5% (30/600) of all samples. The highest prevalence was attributed to L. monocytogenes, at 2.5%, followed by VTEC and Salmonella spp. at 1.3% and 1.2%, respectively. Campylobacter spp. was not present in any of the 600 samples. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of L. monocytogenes revealed that current sequence types (ST) corresponded to the worldwide most present clonal complexes 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 121. Generally, L. monocytogenes ST9 was the predominant allelic profile, which was mainly isolated from Turkish meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University for Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Veterinarians Without Borders, Austria.
| | - Anja Strauß
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University for Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kati Szakmary-Brändle
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University for Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University for Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University for Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Corda A, Mara L, Virgilio S, Pisanu M, Chessa G, Parisi A, Cogoni MP. Microbiological and Chemical Evaluation of Helix Spp. Snails from Local and Non-EU Markets, Utilised as Food in Sardinia. Ital J Food Saf 2014; 3:1732. [PMID: 27800346 PMCID: PMC5083876 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2014.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With this study, 28 pools of snails of the genus Helix, respectively Helix aspersa (n=24) and Helix vermiculata (n=4) were analysed. They were taken from snail farming and stores. The snails were from Sardinia, other regions of Italy, and from abroad. All the samples were examined as pool looking for these microbiological target: Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157, Clostridium perfringens, Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus (HAV). In the same pools, the concentration of cadmium and lead by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was also determined. The levels of these heavy metals were quite high, especially for cadmium. Two samples were positive for Salmonella spp., while no sample was positive for Escherichia coli O157, HAV and Norovirus. Two samples were positive for Clostridium perfringens and 8 for Listeria monocytogenes. The microrganisms related to Listeria monocytogenes were identified using biochemical techniques, then serotyped and gene sequenced by multiple loci sequence typing technique. Furthermore, antimicrobial restistence was tested on the same samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Corda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna-Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Mara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna-Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Giannina Chessa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna-Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata-Putignano, Italy
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46
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Chen M, Wu Q, Zhang J, Yan Z, Wang J. Prevalence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from retail-level ready-to-eat foods in South China. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Nucleotide sequence-based methods focusing on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Listeria monocytogenes housekeeping genes facilitate the rapid and interlaboratory comparison on open accessible databases, such as the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) databases that are available. MLST has advantages over other methods as it can reconstruct ancestral and evolutionary linkage between L. monocytogenes isolates. MLST detects all genetic variations within the amplified housekeeping gene that accumulate slowly. This chapter describes how to undertake MLST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Stessl
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria,
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48
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Bernini V, Bottari B, Dalzini E, Sgarbi E, Lazzi C, Neviani E, Gatti M. The presence, genetic diversity and behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes in blue-veined cheese rinds during the shelf life. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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"Epidemic clones" of Listeria monocytogenes are widespread and ancient clonal groups. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3770-9. [PMID: 24006010 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01874-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is genetically heterogeneous. Although some clonal groups have been implicated in multiple outbreaks, there is currently no consensus on how "epidemic clones" should be defined. The objectives of this work were to compare the patterns of sequence diversity on two sets of genes that have been widely used to define L. monocytogenes clonal groups: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MvLST). Further, we evaluated the diversity within clonal groups by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Based on 125 isolates of diverse temporal, geographical, and source origins, MLST and MvLST genes (i) had similar patterns of sequence polymorphisms, recombination, and selection, (ii) provided concordant phylogenetic clustering, and (iii) had similar discriminatory power, which was not improved when we combined both data sets. Inclusion of representative strains of previous outbreaks demonstrated the correspondence of epidemic clones with previously recognized MLST clonal complexes. PFGE analysis demonstrated heterogeneity within major clones, most of which were isolated decades before their involvement in outbreaks. We conclude that the "epidemic clone" denominations represent a redundant but largely incomplete nomenclature system for MLST-defined clones, which must be regarded as successful genetic groups that are widely distributed across time and space.
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50
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Holch A, Webb K, Lukjancenko O, Ussery D, Rosenthal BM, Gram L. Genome sequencing identifies two nearly unchanged strains of persistent Listeria monocytogenes isolated at two different fish processing plants sampled 6 years apart. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2944-51. [PMID: 23435887 PMCID: PMC3623136 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03715-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne human-pathogenic bacterium that can cause infections with a high mortality rate. It has a remarkable ability to persist in food processing facilities. Here we report the genome sequences for two L. monocytogenes strains (N53-1 and La111) that were isolated 6 years apart from two different Danish fish processers. Both strains are of serotype 1/2a and belong to a highly persistent DNA subtype (random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD] type 9). We demonstrate using in silico analyses that both strains belong to the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) type ST121 that has been isolated as a persistent subtype in several European countries. The purpose of this study was to use genome analyses to identify genes or proteins that could contribute to persistence. In a genome comparison, the two persistent strains were extremely similar and collectively differed from the reference lineage II strain, EGD-e. Also, they differed markedly from a lineage I strain (F2365). On the proteome level, the two strains were almost identical, with a predicted protein homology of 99.94%, differing at only 2 proteins. No single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences were seen between the two strains; in contrast, N53-1 and La111 differed from the EGD-e reference strain by 3,942 and 3,471 SNPs, respectively. We included a persistent L. monocytogenes strain from the United States (F6854) in our comparisons. Compared to nonpersistent strains, all three persistent strains were distinguished by two genome deletions: one, of 2,472 bp, typically contains the gene for inlF, and the other, of 3,017 bp, includes three genes potentially related to bacteriocin production and transport (lmo2774, lmo2775, and the 3'-terminal part of lmo2776). Further studies of highly persistent strains are required to determine if the absence of these genes promotes persistence. While the genome comparison did not point to a clear physiological explanation of the persistent phenotype, the remarkable similarity between the two strains indicates that subtypes with specific traits are selected for in the food processing environment and that particular genetic and physiological factors are responsible for the persistent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Holch
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristen Webb
- Department of Biology, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oksana Lukjancenko
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Ussery
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benjamin M. Rosenthal
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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