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Hanzelová Z, Dudriková E, Lovayová V, Výrostková J, Regecová I, Zigo F, Bartáková K. Occurrence of Enterococci in the Process of Artisanal Cheesemaking and Their Antimicrobial Resistance. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:890. [PMID: 39063643 PMCID: PMC11277685 DOI: 10.3390/life14070890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are a group of microorganisms that have a controversial position from some scientific points of view. The species of the greatest clinical importance are E. faecalis and E. faecium, which are common agents of nosocomial infections. However, enterococci also have important applications in the dairy industry, as they are used as non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) in a variety of cheeses, especially artisanal cheeses. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of representatives from the Enterococcus genus using PCR and MALDI-TOF MS methods on samples of raw milk, processing environment swabs, and cheese from four different artisanal dairy plants in Slovakia. Among the 136 isolates of enterococci, 9 species of genus Enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. devriesi, E. hirae, E. italicus, E. casseliflavus, E. malodoratus, and E. gallinarum) were identified and were tested for their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to 8 antibiotics (amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline); most of them were resistant to rifampicin (35.3%), ampicillin (22.8%), and tetracycline (19.9%). A PCR analysis of vanA (4.41%) and tetM (14.71%) revealed that antimicrobial resistance genes were present in not only phenotypic resistant isolates of enterococci but also susceptible isolates. The investigation of antimicrobial resistance in enterococci during the cheesemaking process can be a source of valuable information for public health in the concept of "One Health".
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hanzelová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.H.); (J.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Eva Dudriková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.H.); (J.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Viera Lovayová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.H.); (J.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.H.); (J.V.); (I.R.)
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Klára Bartáková
- Department of Animal Origin Food & Gastronomic Sciences, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Morandi S, Silvetti T, Lopreiato V, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Trevisi E, Brasca M. Biodiversity and antibiotic resistance profile provide new evidence for a different origin of enterococci in bovine raw milk and feces. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104492. [PMID: 38431334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Enterococci are widely distributed in dairy sector. They are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of animals, thus, via fecal contamination, could reach raw milk and dairy products. The aims of this study were: 1) to investigate the enterococcal diversity in cow feces and milk samples and 2) to evaluate the antibiotic resistance (AR) of dairy-related enterococci and their ability to transfer resistance genes. E. faecalis (59.9%), E. faecium (18.6%) and E. lactis (12.4%) were prevalent in milk, while E. faecium (84.2%) and E. hirae (15.0%) were dominant in bovine feces. RAPD-PCR highlighted a high number of Enterococcus biotypes (45 from milk and 37 from feces) and none of the milk strains exhibited genetic profiles similar to those of feces biotypes. A high percentage of enterococci isolated from milk (71%) were identified as multidrug resistant and resistance against streptomycin and tetracycline were widespread among milk strains while enterococci from feces were commonly resistant to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Only E. faecalis strains were able to transfer horizontally the tetM gene to Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis. Our results indicated that Enterococcus biotypes from milk and bovine feces belong to different community and the ability of these microorganisms to transfer AR genes is strain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
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Ugras S, Fidan A, Yoldas PA. Probiotic potential and wound-healing activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus strain AF2 isolated from Herniaria glabra L. which is traditionally used to make yogurt. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:115. [PMID: 38383810 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics have been a part of our lives for centuries, primarily through fermented foods. They find applications in various fields such as food, healthcare, and agriculture. Nowadays, their utilization is expanding, highlighting the importance of discovering new bacterial strains with probiotic properties suitable for diverse applications. In this study, our aim was to isolate new probiotic bacteria. Herniaria glabra L., a plant traditionally used for yogurt making in some regions and recognized in official medicine in many countries, was chosen as the source for obtaining probiotic bacteria. We conducted bacterial isolation from the plant, molecularly identified the isolated bacteria using 16S rRNA sequencing, characterized their probiotic properties, and assessed their wound-healing effects. As a result of these studies, we identified the bacterium isolated from the plant as Pediococcus pentosaceus strain AF2. We found that the strain AF2 exhibited high resistance to conditions within the gastrointestinal tract. Our reliability analysis showed that the isolate had γ-hemolytic activity and displayed sensitivity to certain tested antibiotics. At the same time, AF2 did not show gelatinase and DNase activity. We observed that the strain AF2 produced metabolites with inhibitory activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The auto-aggregation value of the strain AF2 was calculated at 73.44%. Coaggregation values against E. coli and L. monocytogenes bacteria were determined to be 56.8% and 57.38%, respectively. Finally, we tested the wound-healing effect of the strain AF2 with cell culture studies and found that the strain AF2 promoted wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Ugras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Duzce University, Duzce, 81620, Türkiye.
| | - Aysenur Fidan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Duzce University, Duzce, 81620, Türkiye
| | - Pinar Agyar Yoldas
- Duzce University, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Applied and Research Center, Duzce, Türkiye
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Maitreya A, Qureshi A. Genomic and phenotypic characterisation of Enterococcus mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 for its anti-biofilm, antimicrobial and probiotic potential. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:84. [PMID: 38296886 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 isolated from biofouled filtration membrane was characterised as a potential probiotic bacterium showing strong L-lactic acid-producing capability. Experimental studies revealed that E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 possess antibiofilm and antimicrobial ability too, as tested against strong biofilm-forming bacteria like Pseudomonas spp. The present study has evaluated the genetic potential of E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 through genome sequencing. Whole genome analysis revealed the presence of key genes like ldh_1 and ldh_2 responsible for lactic acid production along with genes encoding probiotic features such as acid and bile salt resistance (dnaK, dnaJ, argS), fatty acid synthesis (fabD, fabE) and lactose utilisation (lacG, lacD). The phylogenomic analysis based on OrthoANI (99.85%) and dDDH (96.8%) values revealed that the strain AM_AQ_BC8 shared the highest homology with E. mundtii. The genome sequence of strain AM_AQ_BC8 has been deposited to NCBI and released with GenBank accession no. SAMN32531201. The study primarily demonstrated the probiotic potential of E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 isolate, for L-lactate synthesis in high concentration (8.98 g/L/day), which also showed anti-biofilm and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Maitreya
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asifa Qureshi
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Salamandane A, Cahango G, Muetanene BA, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Brito L. Multidrug Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Cheese and Capable of Producing Benzalkonium Chloride-Resistant Biofilms. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1353. [PMID: 37887063 PMCID: PMC10604254 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate enterococci recovered from eight Portuguese cheeses made with raw ewe's milk, regarding antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), biofilm formation capacity, and biofilm eradication (MBEC) by BAC. Antimicrobial resistance against seven antibiotics of five groups was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The presence of the genes that encode resistance to the antibiotics penicillin (blaZ), erythromycin (ermA, ermB, and ermC), vancomycin (vanA and vanB), aminoglycoside (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia), and β-lactam (pbp5) and the genes that encode virulence factors, frsB, cylA, gelE, esp, and agg, were investigated via multiplex PCR. The susceptibility of planktonic cells to BAC was evaluated by the MIC and MBC values of the isolates, using the broth microdilution method. To assess the biofilm-forming ability and resistance of biofilms to BAC, biofilms were produced on stainless steel coupons, followed by exposure to BAC. The results showed a high resistance to the antibiotics vancomycin (87.5%), erythromycin (75%), tetracycline (50%), and penicillin (37.5%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 68.8% of the isolates. Genes encoding the virulence factors FrsB (frsB) and gelatinase E (gelE) were detected in all isolates. The esp and cylA genes were found in 56.3% and 37.5% of the isolates, respectively. All isolates exhibited a biofilm-forming ability, regardless of incubation time and temperature tested. However, after 72 h at 37 °C, E. faecium and E. faecalis biofilms showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Although most isolates (62.5%) were susceptible to BAC (MIC ≤ 10 mg/L), biofilms of the same isolates were, generally, resistant to the higher concentration of BAC (80 mg/mL) tested. This study using Enterococcus isolates from a ready-to-eat food, such as cheese, reveals the high percentages of vancomycin resistance and multidrug resistance, associated with the presence of virulence genes, in isolates also capable of producing biofilms resistant to BAC, an important active ingredient of many disinfectants. These results emphasize the need for effective control measures to ensure the safety and quality of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio Salamandane
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Campus Universitário de Marrere, Nampula 4250, Mozambique
| | - Gomes Cahango
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
- CNIC—Centro Nacional de Investigação Científica, Avenida Ho Chi Min, Luanda 201, Angola
| | - Belo Afonso Muetanene
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Lúrio, Campus Universitário de Unango, Sanga 3300, Mozambique;
| | - Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
| | - Luísa Brito
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
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Đorđević J, Ledina T, Golob M, Mohar Lorbeg P, Čanžek Majhenič A, Bogovič Matijašić B, Bulajić S. Safety evaluation of enterococci isolated from raw milk and artisanal cheeses made in Slovenia and Serbia. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023; 29:765-775. [PMID: 35912485 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221117870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci represent a significant part of the non-starter LAB microbiota of artisanal cheeses produced mainly from raw milk. Common approaches to safety evaluation of enterococci isolates include assessment of antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential. Hence, a collection of 47 (n = 22, Serbia; n = 25, Slovenia) dairy enterococcal isolates, of which E. faecalis (n = 28), E. faecium (n = 11), E. durans (n = 5), E. casseliflavus (n = 2), and E. gallinarum (n = 1), was analyzed. The susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials was tested using a broth microdilution method, and the presence of the selected antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes was investigated using PCR. Isolates were resistant to tetracycline (TET) (25.5%), erythromycin (ERY) (17.0%), gentamycin and chloramphenicol (CHL) (∼6%). No resistance to ampicillin (AMP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), daptomycin (DAP), linezolid (LZD), teicoplanin (TEI), tigecycline (TGC) and vancomycin (VAN) was detected. Among all the resistance determinants analyzed, ermB gene was detected most frequently. All 10 virulence genes analyzed were detected with a distribution of cpd (72.3%), cob and ccf (70.2%), gelE (68.1%), hyl (59.6%), agg (53.2%) and esp (46.8%). The genes encoding cytolysin (cylA, cylM and cylB) were amplified to a lesser extent (21.3%, 21.3% and 12.8%, respectively). However, due to the limited number of enterococci isolates analyzed in the present study, further studies are still required in order to better document the safety status of dairy enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Đorđević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ledina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Majda Golob
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Mohar Lorbeg
- Biotechnical Faculty, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Snežana Bulajić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Cunha S, Miranda C, Martins Â, Soares R, Maia M, Silva F, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Analysis of Antibiotic-Resistant and Virulence Genes of Enterococcus Detected in Calf Colostrum-One Health Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1900. [PMID: 37370411 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are considered among the most prevalent global multidrug-resistant microorganisms globally. Their dissemination is a global concern, particularly by food-producing animals for both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to identify the species and investigate the antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of Enterococcus in bovine colostrum. Out of 88 presumptive Enterococcus isolates, species identification and susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials were tested using the disk diffusion method. An analysis of the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was performed on the most prevalent species, using specific PCR assays. Enterococcus faecalis (54.5%), E. faecium (14.8%) and E. gallinarum (6.8%) were the identified species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. gallinarum in bovine colostrum. The majority of the isolates showed resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin (95.9%), erythromycin (80.7%), tetracycline (80.7%) and streptomycin (58%). Ninety-two percent of isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. The most frequently detected resistance genes were tet(K) (61.1%), tet(M) (75.9%), tet(L) (90.7%), erm(B) (55.6%) and ant(6)-Ia (46.3%). The most prevalent virulence factors were cpd, esp, agg and cylLL. Enterococcus faecium showed a higher probability of carrying the erm(C), tet(M), ace and gel(E) genes (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that colostrum can constitute an important reservoir and vehicle for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes to the three niches included in a One Health perspective (humans, animals and the environment), highlighting the importance of hygiene sanitary measures to mitigate colostrum microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cunha
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Martins
- Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rúben Soares
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuel Maia
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Ashwini M, Ray M, Sumana K, Halami PM. Prevalence of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistant lactic acid bacteria isolated from food samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:630-642. [PMID: 36712199 PMCID: PMC9873896 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) being a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes, tend to disseminate antibiotic resistance that possibly pose a threat to human and animal health. Therefore, the study focuses on the prevalence of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin- (MLS) resistance among LAB isolated from various food samples. Diverse phenotypic and genotypic MLS resistance were determined among the LAB species (n = 146) isolated from fermented food products (n = 6) and intestine of food-producing animals (n = 4). Double disc, triple disc diffusion and standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were evaluated for phenotypic MLS resistance. Specific primers for MLS resistance genes were used for the evaluation of genotypic MLS resistance and gene expressions using total RNA of each isolate at different antibiotic concentrations. The isolates identified are Levilactobacillus brevis (n = 1), Enterococcus hirae (n = 1), Limosilactobacillus fermentum (n = 2), Pediococcus acidilactici (n = 3), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 1). The MIC tests along with induction studies displayed cMLSb, L phenotype, M phenotype, KH phenotype, I phenotype resistance among MLS antibiotics. Genotypic evaluation tests revealed the presence of ermB, mefA/E, msrA/B and msrC genes. Also, gene expression studies displayed increased level of gene expression to the twofold increased antibiotic concentrations. In the view of global health concern, this study identified that food samples and food-producing animals represent source of antibiotic resistant LAB that can disseminate resistance through food chain. This suggests the implementation of awareness in the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and judicious use of antibiotics in veterinary sectors in order to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ashwini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Mousumi Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020 India
| | - K. Sumana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Prakash M. Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020 India
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Fidan A, Ugras S. First isolation of a probiotic candidate Enterococcus mundtii from Herniaria glabra L. and evaluation of its wound healing activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad083. [PMID: 37591672 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study focused on probiotic properties of bacterium isolated from Herniaria glabra L. is a medicinal plant. The bacterium was isolated from H. glabra, and it was identified using the molecular method as Enterococcus mundtii AF-1 strain. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that AF-1 strain was sensitive to streptomycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, imipenem, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. The strain exhibited γ-haemolytic activity. These results show that the strain can be considered safe. The AF-1 strain showed inhibitory activity against some pathogens, including Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Additionally, AF-1 strain exhibited high tolerance to low pH, pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salts. These properties showed that the strain may survival under the gastrointestinal conditions. The strain showed 40% DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The autoaggregation rate of the strain was 72.46% and the strain exhibited the high coaggregation rate (70.77% with Escherichia coli, and 63.78% with Listeria monocytogenesis). AF-1 strain showed 38.10% adhesion towards n-hexane, and 47.62% adhesion toward chloroform. It has been found to have moderate hydrophobicity. These results demonstrated the beneficial colonization ability of the strain in the gut. Furthermore, it was observed that living cells of AF-1 strain showed healing activity in the artificial wound area. Result of studies, it is seen that AF-1 strain might be excellent a probiotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Fidan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce 81620, Turkey
| | - Serpil Ugras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce 81620, Turkey
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Dairy Products: A Potential Source of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244116. [PMID: 36553858 PMCID: PMC9778350 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to present the antimicrobial resistance, virulence and resistance genes of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from raw goat's and sheep's milk and cheese. Strains were identified by PCR. The dominant species was E. faecalis (77.8%) and was most often isolated from raw goat's milk. The percentage of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis isolates was higher than that of E. faecium isolates, the former most frequently resistant to lincomycin (98%), tetracycline (63%) and streptomycin (16%). Fourteen (22.3%) E. faecalis and 2 (11.1%) E. faecium isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). All MDR E. faecalis strains also had virulence genes, whereas one of the two E. faecium strains had them. The most prevalent virulence genes in E. faecalis isolates were asa1 (69.8%) and gelE (57.1%). The most prevalent resistance genes found in both bacterial species were tet(M) (43.2%) and vgaA (22.2%). Enterococci from dairy products are confirmed to be a potential source of the spread of antimicrobial resistance, MDR strains, and virulence and resistance genes. This study highlights several aspects of the virulence and pathogenicity of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from dairy products-aspects which are indications for their ongoing monitoring.
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Kwon J, Ko HJ, Yang MH, Park C, Park SC. Antibiotic Resistance and Species Profile of Enterococcus Species in Dogs with Chronic Otitis Externa. Vet Sci 2022; 9:592. [PMID: 36356069 PMCID: PMC9695832 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Otitis externa, a common disease in dogs, has different etiologies. Enterococcus is a Gram-positive bacterium that frequently causes opportunistic ear infections. Here, we determined the distribution of Enterococcus in canine otitis externa via time-of-flight mass spectrometry and biochemical tests and evaluated their resistance patterns to 10 commonly used antibiotics. Among the 197 Enterococcus isolates, E. faecalis (48.7%; 96/197) was the most common, followed by E. faecium (21.3%; 42/197), E. casseliflavus (11.7%; 23/197), E. hirae (10.7%; 21/197), E. avium (3.6%; 7/197), E. gallinarum (2.5%; 5/197), E. canintestini (1.0%; 2/197), and E. durans (0.5%; 1/197). All isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Enterococcus faecalis strains were highly resistant to erythromycin (45.8%) and rifampin (34.3%) but were generally susceptible to penicillin class antibiotics. In contrast, E. faecium isolates were highly resistant to penicillin class antibiotics (ampicillin, 61.9%; penicillin, 71.4%). Most importantly, E. faecium demonstrated high resistance to most of the antibiotics used in this study. Multidrug resistance was found in 28.4% of the isolates (56/197). This study shows prevalence and antibiotics resistance profiles of Enterococcus species in canine chronic otitis externa. The results can contribute to establish therapeutic strategies of Enterococcus infections and be used as a comparable index of antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Ko
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Myoung Hwan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Zhang LL, Liu YJ, Chen YH, Wu Z, Liu BR, Cheng QY, Zhang KQ, Niu XM. Modulating Activity Evaluation of Gut Microbiota with Versatile Toluquinol. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810700. [PMID: 36142608 PMCID: PMC9505934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota have important implications for health by affecting the metabolism of diet and drugs. However, the specific microbial mediators and their mechanisms in modulating specific key intermediate metabolites from fungal origins still remain largely unclear. Toluquinol, as a key versatile precursor metabolite, is commonly distributed in many fungi, including Penicillium species and their strains for food production. The common 17 gut microbes were cultivated and fed with and without toluquinol. Metabolic analysis revealed that four strains, including the predominant Enterococcus species, could metabolize toluquinol and produce different metabolites. Chemical investigation on large-scale cultures led to isolation of four targeted metabolites and their structures were characterized with NMR, MS, and X-ray diffraction analysis, as four toluquinol derivatives (1–4) through O1/O4-acetyl and C5/C6-methylsulfonyl substitutions, respectively. The four metabolites were first synthesized in living organisms. Further experiments suggested that the rare methylsulfonyl groups in 3–4 were donated from solvent DMSO through Fenton’s reaction. Metabolite 1 displayed the strongest inhibitory effect on cancer cells A549, A2780, and G401 with IC50 values at 0.224, 0.204, and 0.597 μM, respectively, while metabolite 3 displayed no effect. Our results suggest that the dominant Enterococcus species could modulate potential precursors of fungal origin and change their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xue-Mei Niu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65032538; Fax: +86-871-65034838
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Abstract
Antibiotics have long been used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases and for prophylactic purposes in dairy animals. However, in recent decades it has become a matter of concern due to the widespread belief that there has been an abuse or misuse of these drugs in animals and that this misuse has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Therefore, this review aims to compile the scientific literature published to date on the presence of antibiotic residues in these products worldwide. The focus is on the reasons that lead to their presence in food, on the potential problems caused by residues in the characteristics of dairy products and in their manufacturing process, on the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and on the effects that both residues and resistant bacteria can cause on human and environmental health.
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Jahansepas A, Aghazadeh M, Rezaee MA, Heidarzadeh S, Mardaneh J, Mohammadzadeh A, Pouresmaeil O. Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Traditional Cheese Types. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:799-808. [PMID: 35950059 PMCID: PMC9341016 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i4.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococci are naturally found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of animals and humans, as well as animal-derived foods and vegetables. We here aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence determinants of E. faecium and E. faecalis in traditional cheese in the North-west of Iran. Materials and Methods Fifty specimens of popular traditional cheese from dairy stores of Urmia and Tabriz, Iran, were collected. Identification of the genus and species of enterococci was done using molecular and phenotypic techniques. Results Forty-eight (96 %) of 50 traditional cheese samples were harboring Enterococcus spp, including Enterococcus faecalis (n= 40; 83.33 %) and E. faecium (n= 8; 16.67 %). The prevalence of enterococci ranged from 1.1×105 to 9.7×104 CFU/g, and 1.1×103 to 9.8×103 CFU/g in Urmia and Tabriz samples, respectively. Rifampicin resistance (n= 38; 79.2 %) was the most common pattern observed in the susceptibility test, which was followed by quinupristin/dalfopristin (n= 33; 68.75 %). Among E. faecalis isolates, cpd (100 %), ace (92.5 %) and gelE (87.5 %), and among E. faecium isolates, gelE (100 %) and asa1 (75 %) were found to have the most common virulence genes. Conclusion E. faecalis was the predominant species, displaying more virulence determinants. It also had high antibiotic resistance, as compared to E. faecium. The enterococci identified here commonly expressed virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants. So, it is required to improve the maintenance and production quality of traditional cheese to avoid enterococci contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahansepas
- Reference Laboratory, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siamak Heidarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jalal Mardaneh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Omid Pouresmaeil
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Grispoldi L, Karama M, El-Ashram S, Saraiva C, García-Díez J, Chalias A, Cenci-Goga BT. Evolution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from Pecorino and goat cheese manufactured on-farm in an area facing constraints as per EU Regulation 1305/2013 in Umbria, Italy. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10070. [PMID: 35832036 PMCID: PMC9272083 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest EU regulation on geographical indications (EU Regulation No. 1151/2012) has introduced a set of new tools for the protection and enhancement of food products in rural areas, under the group name of optional quality term (OQT). The Commission Delegated EU Regulation, No. 665/2014, regulated the conditions for the use of the optional quality term mountain product (MP), to support the implementation of a mountain value chain. This new tool is aimed at promoting local development, maintaining the economic activities in mountain areas, and redistributing wealth, whilst, at the same time, promoting the territory. Pecorino and goat cheeses are typical Italian cheeses made usually with whole raw ewe’s or raw goat’s milk, without starter culture addition. In an attempt to characterize these productions, the aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of enterococci during the production and ripening of Pecorino cheese made in three different farms, located in Umbria, Italy in areas facing natural or other specific constraints as stipulated by Regulation 1305/2013 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). Enterococci are enteric organisms which are commonly isolated from ewe and goat’s milk production in Umbria, Italy. Counts of enterococci in raw milk ranged from 1.75 for ovine milk to 3.62 for ewe milk and a marked reduction was observed after thermization especially in ovine milk. Out of 100 isolates, 69 were E. faecium, 23 E. durans, 8 E. faecalis and 2 E. casseliflavus and the distribution of species between farms and between samples showed a prevalence of E. faecium in ovine farms and E. durans in ewes farms, with an equal dis-tribution between samples. High percentages of susceptible isolates were found for amoxicil-lin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole, sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, ticarcillin, vancomycin. A high prevalence of resistant strains (>30%) was ob-served for amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, tetracycline. A comparison of this re-sults with those of previous works on similar dairy products revealed high levels of resistance to antimicrobials which needs to be addressed.
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Guo Q, Cai JH, Ren CW, Li YT, Farooq MA, Xu B. A new strategy for the shelf life extension of fresh noodles by accurately targeting specific microbial species. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Munir Z, Banche G, Cavallo L, Mandras N, Roana J, Pertusio R, Ficiarà E, Cavalli R, Guiot C. Exploitation of the Antibacterial Properties of Photoactivated Curcumin as ‘Green’ Tool for Food Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052600. [PMID: 35269742 PMCID: PMC8910554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for non-chemical and green methods to counteract the bacterial contamination of foods, the use of natural substances with antimicrobial properties and light irradiation at proper light waves has been extensively investigated. In particular, the combination of both techniques, called photodynamic inactivation (PDI), is based on the fact that some natural substances act as photosensitizers, i.e., produce bioactive effects under irradiation. Notably, curcumin is a potent natural antibacterial and effective photosensitizer that is able to induce photodynamic activation in the visible light range (specifically for blue light). Some practical applications have been investigated with particular reference to food preservation from bacterial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Munir
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (Z.M.); (R.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Science, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (L.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Lorenza Cavallo
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Science, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (L.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Narcisa Mandras
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Science, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (L.C.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Janira Roana
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Science, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (L.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Raffaele Pertusio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (Z.M.); (R.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Ficiarà
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (Z.M.); (R.P.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (Z.M.); (R.P.); (C.G.)
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Zeng X, Wang Y, Jia H, Wang Z, Gao Z, Luo Y, Sheng Q, Yuan Y, Yue T. Metagenomic analysis of microflora structure and functional capacity in probiotic Tibetan kefir grains. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110849. [PMID: 34980387 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tibetan kefir grains (TKGs) are distinctive and complex mixtures with protein-lipid-polysaccharide matrices and multiple microorganism species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microflora composition, probiotic species and functional genes within TKGs. Metagenomic analysis was used to evaluate communities of three TKGs, revealing the presence of 715 species, with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens as the most dominant species. The relative abundances of acetic acid bacteria and yeast significantly differed among the three TKGs (acetic acid bacteria: p < 0.01; yeast: p < 0.05), and the dominant yeast species also varied across three TKGs. Lactobacillus helveticus was the most abundant listed probiotic species, and its abundance did not significantly differ across three TKGs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that ko01501 was the most abundant pathway that related to human disease. There are 16 different KOs (KEGG Orthology) in the ko01501 pathway were annotated in TKGs, which helps to resist β-lactam. This study provided a new insight into the microbial community structures and the presence of probiotic species within TKGs and provides a foundation for further targeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qinglin Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Bastião Rocha PA, Monteiro Marques JM, Barreto AS, Semedo-Lemsaddek T. Enterococcus spp. from Azeitão and Nisa PDO-cheeses: Surveillance for antimicrobial drug resistance. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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El-Zamkan MA, Mohamed HMA. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and biofilm formation in Enterococcus species isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259584. [PMID: 34780540 PMCID: PMC8592430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to discuss the antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and biofilm formation capacity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis in Qena, Egypt. The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. A significant correlation was found between biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and virulence genes of the isolates. This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. El-Zamkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Control, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Hams M. A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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21
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Fazli NA, Hanifian S. Biodiversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits of Enterococcus species in artisanal dairy products. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Wildlife symbiotic bacteria are indicators of the health status of the host and its ecosystem. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0138521. [PMID: 34669453 PMCID: PMC8752132 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01385-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are gut symbionts that can be used as a model to understand the host-microbiota crosstalk under unpredictable environmental conditions such as wildlife ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine whether viable LAB can be informative of the health status of wild boar populations. We monitored the genotype and phenotype of LAB based on markers that included safety and phylogenetic origin, antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory properties. A LAB profile dominated by lactobacilli appears to stimulate protective immune responses and relates to strains widely used as probiotics, resulting in a potentially healthy wildlife population whereas microbiota overpopulated by enterococci was observed in a hostile environment. These enterococci were closely related to pathogenic strains that have developed mechanisms to evade innate immune system, posing a potential risk for the host health. Furthermore, our LAB isolates displayed antibacterial properties in a species-dependent manner. Nearly all of them were able to inhibit bacterial pathogens, raising the possibility of using them as a la carte antibiotic alternative in the unexplored field of wildlife disease mitigation. Our study highlights that microbiological characterization of LAB is a useful indicator of wildlife health status and the ecological origin from which they derive. Significance Statement The wildlife symbiotic microbiota is an important component to the greater for greater diversity and functionality of their bacterial populations, influencing the host health and adaptability to its ecosystem. Although many microbes are partly responsible for the development of multiple physiological processes, only certain bacterial groups such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the capacity to overpopulate the gut, promoting health (or disease) when specific genetic and environmental conditions are present. LAB have been exploited in many ways due to their probiotic properties, in particular lactobacilli, however their relationship with wildlife gut-associated microbiota hosts remains to be elucidated. On the other hand, it is unclear whether LAB such as enterococci, which have been associated with detrimental health effects, could lead to disease. These important questions have not been properly addressed in the field of wildlife, and therefore, should be clearly attained.
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Výrostková J, Regecová I, Dudriková E, Marcinčák S, Vargová M, Kováčová M, Maľová J. Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus sp. Isolated from Sheep and Goat Cheeses. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081844. [PMID: 34441623 PMCID: PMC8391679 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to calculate the proportion of antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, and E. durans isolated from traditional sheep and goat cheeses obtained from a selected border area of Slovakia with Hungary (region Slanské vrchy). A total of 110 Enterococcus sp. were isolated from cheese samples, of which 52 strains (E. faecium (12), E. faecalis (28), E. durans (12)) were represented. After isolation and identification by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the enterococci (E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. durans) were submitted to susceptibility tests against nine antimicrobial agents. In general, strains of E. faecalis were more resistant than E. durans and E. faecium. A high percentage of resistance was noted in E. faecalis to rifampicin (100%), vancomycin (85.7%), teicoplanin (71.4%), erythromycin (71.4%), minocycline (57.1%), nitrofurantoin (57.1%), ciprofloxacin (14.3%), and levofloxacin (14.3%). E. durans showed resistance to rifampicin (100%), teicoplanin (100%), vancomycin (66.7%), erythromycin (66.7%), nitrofurantoin (66.7%), and minocycline (33.3%), and E. faecium showed resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and erythromycin (100%). Multidrug-resistant strains were confirmed in 80% of the 52 strains in this study. Continuous identification of Enterococcus sp. and monitoring of their incidence and emerging antibiotic resistance is important in order to prevent a potential risk to public health caused by the contamination of milk and other dairy products, such as cheeses, made on farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-907-185-658
| | - Eva Dudriková
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Mária Vargová
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Mariana Kováčová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jana Maľová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
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Comparative Analysis of Chloramphenicol-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Dairy Companies in Korea. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080143. [PMID: 34437465 PMCID: PMC8402777 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chloramphenicol is currently banned from use in livestock, other phenicols, such as florfenicol and thiamphenicol, have been used for the treatment of bacterial infections in domestic cattle in Korea. This study compares the characteristics of chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the bulk tank milk of four major dairy companies in Korea. Although the distribution of multidrug resistance patterns showed no significant differences between the four companies, 85 chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates showed a significantly high number of resistances against five or six antimicrobial classes (37.6%, respectively) (p < 0.05). When analyzing the distribution of phenicol resistance genes, 31 (36.5%) isolates only carried the catA gene, and two (6.3%) isolates from company A only carried the cfr gene. No isolates carried the catB or fexA genes. Regarding the distribution of other resistance genes, both the tetL and tetM (45.9%), ermB (82.4%), and both aac(6″)-Ie-aph(2″)-la and ant(6′)-Ia genes (30.6%) showed a high prevalence, and the optrA and poxtA genes were observed separately, each in only two (2.4%) isolates. Our results confirm that the dissemination of chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and some antimicrobial resistance genes show significant differences between dairy companies. Therefore, our results support that each dairy company should undertake effective surveillance programs to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance on a multidisciplinary level.
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Current Trends of Enterococci in Dairy Products: A Comprehensive Review of Their Multiple Roles. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040821. [PMID: 33920106 PMCID: PMC8070337 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a genus that has evolved for resistance against adverse environmental factors and that readily exchanges genetic elements, enterococci are well adapted to the cheese environment and may reach high numbers in artisanal cheeses. Their metabolites impact cheese flavor, texture, and rheological properties, thus contributing to the development of its typical sensorial properties. Due to their antimicrobial activity, enterococci modulate the cheese microbiota, stimulate autolysis of other lactic acid bacteria (LAB), control pathogens and deterioration microorganisms, and may offer beneficial effects to the health of their hosts. They could in principle be employed as adjunct/protective/probiotic cultures; however, due to their propensity to acquire genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance, together with the opportunistic character of some of its members, this genus does not possess Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status. It is, however, noteworthy that some putative virulence factors described in foodborne enterococci may simply reflect adaptation to the food environment and to the human host as commensal. Further research is needed to help distinguish friend from foe among enterococci, eventually enabling exploitation of the beneficial aspects of specific cheese-associated strains. This review aims at discussing both beneficial and deleterious roles played by enterococci in artisanal cheeses, while highlighting the need for further research on such a remarkably hardy genus.
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Lawpidet P, Tengjaroenkul B, Saksangawong C, Sukon P. Global Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Food of Animal Origin: A Meta-Analysis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:405-412. [PMID: 33684315 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a leading cause of nosocomial infections in patients worldwide. VRE contamination in food of animal origin may create a risk for human health. This study was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin worldwide, to assess the result heterogeneity, and to determine cumulative evidence and the trend of the prevalence over time. Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin. Subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of the results. A cumulative meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted to determine cumulative evidence and the trend of the prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin over time, respectively. Of the 1352 retrieved studies, 50 articles were included. The pooled prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin was 11.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 8.4 to 16.0). Subgroup meta-analyses showed a significant difference in the prevalence of VRE for two characteristics. First, for the source of food, the prevalence of VRE was highest in aquatic food (43.4% [95% CI = 28.4 to 59.7]) and lowest in dairy food (4.1% [95% CI = 1.7 to 9.8]). Second, for continents, the prevalence of VRE was highest in Africa (18.5% [95% CI = 12.8 to 26.1]) and lowest in North America (0.3% [95% CI = 0.1 to 1.1]). Cumulative evidence showed two distinct features in two different periods. The pooled prevalence of VRE rapidly decreased from 79.3% in 1998 to 13.1% in 2003; it has slightly fluctuated between 10.5% and 20.5% since 2004. The results of the meta-regression indicated that the prevalence gradually decreased over time. In conclusion, the estimate of overall VRE prevalence worldwide in food of animal origin was ∼12%, indicating the burden of VRE contamination in food of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bundit Tengjaroenkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research and Development on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research and Development on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A, García-Solache M. Ready-to-eat dairy products as a source of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus strains: Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4068-4077. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity of Paipa Cheese (a Traditional Raw Cow's Milk Cheese from Colombia) by High-Throughput Sequencing. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020218. [PMID: 32041151 PMCID: PMC7074763 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paipa cheese is a traditional, semi-ripened cheese made from raw cow’s milk in Colombia. The aim of this work was to gain insights on the microbiota of Paipa cheese by using a culture-independent approach. Method: two batches of Paipa cheese from three formal producers were sampled during ripening for 28 days. Total DNA from the cheese samples was used to obtain 16S rRNA gene sequences by using Illumina technology. Results: Firmicutes was the main phylum found in the cheeses (relative abundances: 59.2–82.0%), followed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Lactococcus was the main genus, but other lactic acid bacteria (Enterococcus, Leuconostoc and Streptococcus) were also detected. Stapylococcus was also relevant in some cheese samples. The most important Proteobacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae and Moraxellaceae. Enterobacter and Enterobacteriaceae (others) were detected in all cheese samples. Serratia and Citrobacter were detected in some samples. Aeromonas and Acinetobacter were also relevant. Other minor genera detected were Marinomonas, Corynebacterium 1 and Chryseobacterium. The principal coordinates analysis suggested that there were producer-dependent differences in the microbiota of Paipa cheeses. Conclusions: lactic acid bacteria are the main bacterial group in Paipa cheeses. However, other bacterial groups, including spoilage bacteria, potentially toxin producers, and bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans and/or prone to carry antimicrobial resistance genes are also relevant in the cheeses.
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29
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Özdemir R, Tuncer Y. Detection of antibiotic resistance profiles and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes in high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) enterococci isolated from raw milk and traditional cheeses in Turkey. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1703-1712. [PMID: 31989429 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was isolation and identification of the high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) enterococci in raw milk and dairy products and to analyze their antibiotic resistance and the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes. A total of 59 HLAR enterococci were isolated from raw milk and traditional cheese samples. Thirty-nine of the 59 HLAR enterococci were isolated on streptomycin-containing agar medium, while the other 20 HLAR strains were isolated on gentamicin containing agar medium. The 59 HLAR enterococci were identified as 26 E. faecalis (44.07%), 18 E. faecium (30.51%), 13 E. durans (22.03%), and two E. gallinarum (3.39%) by species-specific PCR. Disk diffusion tests showed that teicoplanin were the most effective antibiotics used in this study, while 89.83% of isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. High rates of multiple antibiotic resistance were detected in HLAR isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of HLAR enterococci against streptomycin and gentamicin were found in the range of 64 to > 4096 µg/mL. Forty-seven (79.66%) of the 59 HLAR enterococci were found to be both high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR) and high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) by MIC tests. However, no correlation was found between the results of the disk diffusion and MIC tests for gentamicin and streptomycin in some HLAR strains. The aph(3')-IIIa (94.92%) was found to be most prevalent AME gene followed by ant(4')-Ia (45.76%), ant(6')-Ia (20.34%) and aph(2'')-Ic (10.17%). None of the isolates contained the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(2'')-Ib or aph(2'')-Id genes. None of the AME-encoding genes were identified in E. durans RG20.1, E. faecalis RG22.4, or RG26.1. In conclusion, HLAR enterococci strains isolated in this study may act as reservoirs in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Özdemir
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yasin Tuncer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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30
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Jahansepas A, Sharifi Y, Aghazadeh M, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M. Comparative analysis of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from clinical samples and traditional cheese types in the Northwest of Iran: antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence traits. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:765-772. [PMID: 31822952 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted using 50 samples of popular traditional cheeses and 160 enterococcal clinical isolates. Phenotypic and genotypic methods used for identification of enterococci. Then, the incidences of antibacterial resistance and virulence traits were investigated. In total, 165 E. faecalis and 43 E. faecium obtained from traditional cheeses and different clinical isolates were analyzed in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed 175(84.1%) isolates with multi-drug resistance (MDR) patterns, which was more common among clinical sources. The predominant virulence profile, including gelE, asa1 and cpd was detected within 47 (22.6%) of the MDR isolates. Our results showed that traditional cheeses and clinical E. faecalis isolates have distinct patterns of virulence traits. The identified enterococci with antibiotic resistance and associated virulence factors, could provide a potential risk to the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahansepas
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaeghob Sharifi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Nazlou road, Urmia, West Azarbyjan, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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31
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Identification of Novel Bacteriophages with Therapeutic Potential That Target Enterococcus faecalis. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00512-19. [PMID: 31451618 PMCID: PMC6803325 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00512-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis is frequently responsible for nosocomial infections in humans and represents one of the most common bacteria isolated from recalcitrant endodontic (root canal) infections. E. faecalis is intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics routinely used in clinical settings (such as cephalosporins and aminoglycosides) and can acquire resistance to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant enterococci). The resistance of E. faecalis to several classes of antibiotics and its capacity to form biofilms cause serious therapeutic problems. Here, we report the isolation of several bacteriophages that target E. faecalis strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients suffering root canal infections. All phages isolated were Siphoviridae with similar tail lengths (200 to 250 nm) and icosahedral heads. The genome sequences of three isolated phages were highly conserved with the exception of predicted tail protein genes that diverge in sequence, potentially reflecting the host range. The properties of the phage with the broadest host range (SHEF2) were further characterized. We show that this phage requires interaction with components of the major and variant region enterococcal polysaccharide antigen to engage in lytic infection. Finally, we explored the therapeutic potential of this phage and show that it can eradicate E. faecalis biofilms formed in vitro on a standard polystyrene surface but also on a cross-sectional tooth slice model of endodontic infection. We also show that SHEF2 cleared a lethal infection of zebrafish when applied in the circulation. We therefore propose that the phage described here could be used to treat a broad range of antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis infections.
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32
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Xie T, Wu G, He X, Lai Z, Zhang H, Zhao J. Prevalence and molecular characterization ofEnterococcus faecalisfrom spring water. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xie
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐Engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Gang Wu
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐Engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Xujun He
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐Engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Zengzhe Lai
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐Engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Huatong Zhang
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐Engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Research Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health TechnologyGuangdong Eco‐Engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou China
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33
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Igbinosa EO, Beshiru A. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus Species From Ready-to-Eat Seafood. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31057497 PMCID: PMC6482160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus species form an important population of commensal bacteria and have been reported to possess numerous virulence factors considered significantly important in exacerbating diseases caused by them. The present study was designed to characterize antibiotic-resistant and virulent enterococci from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood. A total of 720 RTE shrimp samples comprising sauced shrimp (n = 288), boiled shrimp (n = 216), and smoked shrimp (n = 216) obtained from open markets in Delta State, Nigeria, were assessed. Standard classical methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in identifying the Enterococcus species. Potential virulence factors (β-hemolysis, gelatinase activity, S-layer, and biofilm formation) were assessed using standard procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the identified enterococci isolates was assayed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. PCR was further used to screen selected antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Prevalence of Enterococcus species from shrimp varieties is as follows: sauced, 26 (9.03%); boiled, 6 (2.78%); and smoked, 27 (12.50%), with an overall prevalence of 59 (8.19%) based on the occurrence of black hallow colonies after incubation. Enterococcus species detected include E. faecalis, 17 (28.8%); E. faecium, 29 (49.2%); E. gallinarum, 6 (10.2%); E. casseliflavus, 2 (3.4%); E. hirae, 3 (5.1%); and E. durans, 2 (3.4%). Biofilm occurrence among the shrimp varieties is as follows: 19/26 (73.1%) for sauced shrimps, 5/6 (83.3%) for boiled shrimps, and 16/27 (59.3%) for smoked shrimps. The phenotypic expression of the enterococci virulence revealed the following: S-layer, 59 (100%); gelatinase production, 19 (32.2%); and β-hemolysis, 21 (35.6%). An average of 3–11 virulence genes were detected in the Enterococcus species. The resistance profile of Enterococcus species is as follows: erythromycin, 29 (49.2%); vancomycin, 22 (37.3%); and tetracycline, 27 (45.8%). The frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes from the phenotypic resistant enterococci isolates to the macrolide, glycopeptide, and tetracycline antibiotics is as follows: ermA, 13/29 (44.8%); vanA, 14/22 (63.6%); tetA, 14/27 (51.9%); tetM, 15/27 (55.6%); ermB, 4/29 (13.8%); and vanB, 5/22 (22.7%). Findings from this study reveal the antibiotic resistance of enterococci strains of such species as E. durans, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. hirae. This study further revealed that RTE food products are reservoirs of potential virulent enterococci with antibiotic-resistant capabilities. This provides useful data for risk assessment and indicates that these foods may present a potential public health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Sustainable Development Office, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Nawaz F, Khan MN, Javed A, Ahmed I, Ali N, Ali MI, Bakhtiar SM, Imran M. Genomic and Functional Characterization of Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808, Isolated From Artisanal Fermented Milk Product Dahi. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:434. [PMID: 30972030 PMCID: PMC6443856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial strains with a unique combination of technological and bioactive properties are preferred for industrial applications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808 (NCBI Accession Number: LSMC00000000) in milk fermentation. This strain was isolated from Dahi, an indigenous fermented milk product of South-East Asia. The in vitro study confirmed the acidification ability as well as the proteolytic, cellulolytic, and amylolytic enzyme activities of this strain. It also produced a substantial amount of the folate in laboratory media and no physiological dysfunctions in laboratory animals was observed in feeding trials. All these properties were confirmed by in silico genome analysis. The Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808 genome consisted of a single, circular chromosome comprising 2,957,300-bp, 2,587 genes with GC content of 38.5%. Moreover, 16t RNAs, 1, 3 (16S, 23S) rRNAs, 4 ncRNAs, and 91 pseudo genes were also predicted. The majority of genome encode genes for protein, amino acids, carbohydrate, cell wall DNA and RNA metabolisms including all genes required for conversion of lactose to lactic acid. It also exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 10536, S. aureus ATCC 6538, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 and was found to be sensitive to commonly used antibiotics. The in silico analysis revealed the presence of genes for mundaticin and enterocin production, and CRISPER regions, however, the genes for antibiotic resistance were absent. No genes related to the pathogenicity island and prophages were detected by genome mining. Therefore, it could be inferened that Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808 has the potential to be used in milk fermentation as adjunct culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqib Javed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Mariam Bakhtiar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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35
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Silvetti T, Morandi S, Brasca M. Does Enterococcus faecalis from Traditional Raw Milk Cheeses Serve as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance and Pathogenic Traits? Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:359-367. [PMID: 30741557 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is not only a prevalent species among dairy microbial community but also a well-documented opportunistic pathogen. Food safety should exclude the possibility of consumer exposure to its virulence traits through consumption of dairy products. In this study, an integrated approach based on both phenotypic and genotypic methods was applied to investigate the incidence of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity potential in 40 E. faecalis isolated from 10 Italian raw milk cheeses over a 13-year period (1997-2009). Among the 14 tested antibiotics, resistance to tetracycline, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin was observed, whereas vancomycin-resistant enterococci were not found. A high incidence (90% of strains) of the tet(M) gene emerged, whereas tet(K), tet(S), tet(L), int, and ermB genes were occasionally amplified (12.5%, 10%, 7.5%, 2.5% and 30%, respectively). No strain was positive for vancomycin-resistant determinants. Among the seven virulence determinants considered, the asa1, gelE, esp, and efaA genes were harbored. No other gene encoding for either different virulence factors (cylA, hyl, and ace) or amino acid decarboxylase activity (hdc, tdc, and odc) was detected. Consequently, E. faecalis isolated from raw milk cheeses does not represent a substantial reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors if compared with clinical strains. However, this species occasionally harbors detrimental traits; thus, the possibility that it could be a route for transmission of pathogenic genes through dairy products should never be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
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Al Seraih A, Belguesmia Y, Cudennec B, Baah J, Drider D. In Silico and Experimental Data Claiming Safety Aspects and Beneficial Attributes of the Bacteriocinogenic Strain Enterococcus faecalis B3A-B3B. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:456-465. [PMID: 29168155 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at comparing the genome of Enterococcus faecalis B3A-B3B, a bacteriocinogenic strain recently isolated from a healthy Iraqi infant to those of Enterococci of clinical and beneficial grades. The putative genes gelE, cpd, efaAfm, ccf, agg, and cob coding for virulence factors were detected in B3A-B3B strain, which meanwhile resulted to be non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic, devoid of inflammatory effects, and sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested except for clindamycin and trimethoprim, which resistance is usually ascribed to intrinsic nature. B3A-B3B strain was remarkable for its hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, adhesion to human Caco-2 cells, and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and cholesterol assimilation fulfilling therefore key beneficial attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Al Seraih
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Yanath Belguesmia
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - John Baah
- Best Environmental Technologies Inc, 9610-39 Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 5T9, Canada
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
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Russo N, Pino A, Toscano A, Cirelli GL, Caggia C, Arioli S, Randazzo CL. Occurrence, diversity, and persistence of antibiotic resistant enterococci in full-scale constructed wetlands treating urban wastewater in Sicily. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:468-478. [PMID: 30553958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci isolated from different sites of an urban wastewater treatment plant (consisting of three horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands) were investigated. One-hundred-thirty isolates were identified at species level and tested for resistance to eleven antibiotics, by microdilution method, and their clonal relatedness was established by SmaI-PFGE analysis. Results highlighted the persistence of enterococcal population in all effluents and the dominance of E. faecium species. A high incidence of antibiotic resistance against erythromycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and ampicillin was observed, with 120 strains (93%) showing a multi-drug-resistance. Numerous pulso-types with a unique pattern were detected indicating a high diversity within enterococcal population. The recurrence of some pulso-types in different effluents was disclosed and, within the same pulso-types, different resistance patterns were observed. Comparing the MIC values of strains from inlet and outlet, different trends were observed, highlighting a certain variability among constructed wetlands in affecting the antibiotic resistance among enterococcal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Attilio Toscano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe L Cirelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy.
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia L Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
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Abstract
Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and many animals, including food-producing and companion animals. They can easily contaminate the food and the environment, entering the food chain. Moreover, Enterococcus is an important opportunistic pathogen, especially the species E. faecalis and E. faecium, causing a wide variety of infections. This microorganism not only contains intrinsic resistance mechanisms to several antimicrobial agents, but also has the capacity to acquire new mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In this review we analyze the diversity of enterococcal species and their distribution in the intestinal tract of animals. Moreover, resistance mechanisms for different classes of antimicrobials of clinical relevance are reviewed, as well as the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterococci of animal origin, with special attention given to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid. The emergence of new antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin, such as optrA and cfr, is highlighted. The molecular epidemiology and the population structure of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in farm and companion animals is presented. Moreover, the types of plasmids that carry the antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin are reviewed.
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Enterococcus faecalis Countermeasures Defeat a Virulent Picovirinae Bacteriophage. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010048. [PMID: 30634666 PMCID: PMC6356687 DOI: 10.3390/v11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that has emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Many clinical strains are indeed resistant to last resort antibiotics and there is consequently a reawakening of interest in exploiting virulent phages to combat them. However, little is still known about phage receptors and phage resistance mechanisms in enterococci. We made use of a prophageless derivative of the well-known clinical strain E. faecalis V583 to isolate a virulent phage belonging to the Picovirinae subfamily and to the P68 genus that we named Idefix. Interestingly, most isolates of E. faecalis tested—including V583—were resistant to this phage and we investigated more deeply into phage resistance mechanisms. We found that E. faecalis V583 prophage 6 was particularly efficient in resisting Idefix infection thanks to a new abortive infection (Abi) mechanism, which we designated Abiα. It corresponded to the Pfam domain family with unknown function DUF4393 and conferred a typical Abi phenotype by causing a premature lysis of infected E. faecalis. The abiα gene is widespread among prophages of enterococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, we identified two genes involved in the synthesis of the side chains of the surface rhamnopolysaccharide that are important for Idefix adsorption. Interestingly, mutants in these genes arose at a frequency of ~10−4 resistant mutants per generation, conferring a supplemental bacterial line of defense against Idefix.
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Sanlibaba P, Senturk E. Prevalence, characterization and antibiotic resistance of enterococci from traditional cheeses in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1489413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Sanlibaba
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Golbası, Turkey
| | - Esra Senturk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Golbası, Turkey
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Russo N, Caggia C, Pino A, Coque TM, Arioli S, Randazzo CL. Enterococcus spp. in Ragusano PDO and Pecorino Siciliano cheese types: A snapshot of their antibiotic resistance distribution. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:277-286. [PMID: 30009890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, 110 enterococci were isolated from two Sicilian cheese types, Ragusano PDO and Pecorino Siciliano. Isolates, firstly identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and a multiplex PCR assay, were tested for susceptibility to the most relevant clinical antibiotics. Clonal relationships among isolates were evaluated by pulsed-field-gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and the presence of vanA and vanB genes, in vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), was investigated. Overall, E. faecalis, E. durans (35% for each species) and E. faecium (28%) were the major identified species. Different occurrence between cheese types was revealed. Most isolates from Ragusano PDO cheese were identified as E. durans (46%) and/or E. faecalis (43%), while E. faecium (605) was mainly detected in Pecorino Siciliano cheese. High incidence of resistance (97% of total strains) was detected for rifampicin, erythromycin and ampicillin. Moreover, 83 isolates (75%) exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes and the one VRE (vanB) isolate was identified as E. durans. PFGE analysis clustered isolates into 22 genotypes and the presence of the same PFGE types, for both E. durans and E. faecalis, in the two cheese types, suggest the link between enterococci and geographical area of production. Results of present study raise concerns about possible role of dairy enterococci as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunziatina Russo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Istituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER ESP), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia L Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Italy
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Enterococci and pseudomonads as quality indicators in industrial production and storage of mozzarella cheese from raw cow milk. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bouymajane A, Rhazi Filali F, Oulghazi S, Ed-Dra A, Benhallam F, El Allaoui A, Anissi J, Sendide K, Ouhmidou B, Moumni M. Occurrence, molecular and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from raw cow's milk trade by street trading in Meknes city, Morocco. Germs 2018; 8:77-84. [PMID: 29951380 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2018.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Enterococcus spp. belongs to a group of pathogens which are responsible for serious infections. This study aims at highlighting the raw milk microbiological contamination and at providing data for prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from raw cow's milk marketed (without any pasteurization) by street traders. Methods During the period of May 2015 through April 2016, 150 cow's raw milk samples were collected from street traders in Meknes city. They were examined for the identification of Enterococcus spp. using biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined. Results The results showed that 11.3% (17/150) of samples were positive for the presence of Enterococcus spp., of which 64.7% were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, 17.6% as Enterococcus faecium, 11.8% as Enterococcus durans and 5.9% as Enterococcus hirae. The antimicrobial susceptibility showed that all Enterococcus spp. were resistant to ampicillin. The species E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans and E. hirae were resistant to streptomycin, with percentages of 52.9% (9/17), 11.8% (2/17), 11.8% (2/17), and 5.9% (1/17) respectively. All isolated strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to tetracycline. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was elevated in the majority of Enterococcus spp., reaching values higher than 0.5, indicating a risk for public health. Conclusion This study shows that the raw milk consumed by the population is contaminated with strains of Enterococcus resistant to antibiotics used in breeding for prophylactic purposes. This requires raising the awareness of those involved in the production and marketing of milk, so as to take measures to apply good hygienic practices and rationalize the use of zootechnical antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Bouymajane
- MD, Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Fouzia Rhazi Filali
- PhD, Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Said Oulghazi
- MD, Cellular Genomics and Molecular Techniques of Investigations, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- MD, Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Faouzia Benhallam
- PhD, Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdallah El Allaoui
- PhD, Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences, BP 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Jaouad Anissi
- PhD, Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Av. Hassan II, P.O. Box 104, Ifrane, Morocco
| | - Khalid Sendide
- PhD, Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Av. Hassan II, P.O. Box 104, Ifrane, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Ouhmidou
- PhD, Bioactive Molecules, Structures and Functions, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Fes, Morocco
| | - Mohieddine Moumni
- PhD, Bioactive Molecules, Structures and Functions, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Fes, Morocco
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Sanlibaba P, Tezel BU, Senturk E. Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Chicken in Turkey. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:391-402. [PMID: 29805287 PMCID: PMC5960835 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to provide information about Enterococcus strains isolated from pre-packaged chicken samples in Ankara (Turkey), focusing on their prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, and antibiotic resistance. We report the first study on the occurrence of antibiotic resistant enterococci in pre-packaged chicken samples in Ankara. A total of 97 suspicious enterococcal isolates were identified from 122 chicken samples. All isolates were identified to species level by phenotypic and molecular methods. In the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, Enterococcus faecium (61.85%) and Enterococcus faecalis (38.15%) were found to be the most frequently detected Enterococcus spp. Of the 97 isolates tested for hemolytic activity, 12.37% enterococcal strains were β-hemolytic. β-Hemolysin was most prevalent among E. faecium (58.33%) compared to E. faecalis (41.66%). Disk diffusion method was used for determining of antibiotic resistance. The analysis of the antimicrobial resistance of the 97 Enterococcus isolates revealed that the resistance to kanamycin (98.96%), rifampicin (80.41%) and ampicillin (60.82%) was most frequent. Furthermore, resistance to erythromycin (38.14%) and ciprofloxacin (34.02%) was also observed. The frequencies of resistance to tetracycline (9.27%), penicillin G (8.24%), and chloramphenicol (3.09%), gentamicin (2.06%) and streptomycin (1.03%) were low. None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin. Multi-drug resistance was found in 97.93% of Enterococcus strains. E. faecium strains showed a more resistant phenotype than E. faecalis strains according to the antibiotic resistance levels. The results of this study indicated that chicken meat is a potential reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance from animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Sanlibaba
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06830, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Uymaz Tezel
- Bayramiç Vocational School, Food Technology Program, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17700, Bayramiç, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Esra Senturk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06830, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey
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Raza T, Andleeb S, Ullah SR, Jamal M, Mehmood K, Ali M. Isolation and Characterization of a Phage to Control Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Faecium. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:553-560. [PMID: 33817126 PMCID: PMC7874677 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium, is an important nosocomial pathogen with increased incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) - specifically Vancomycin resistance. E. faecium constitutes the normal microbiota of the human intestine as well as exists in the hospitals and sewage, thus making the microorganism difficult to eliminate. Phage therapy has gained attention for controlling bacterial MDR infections and contaminations. We have successfully isolated from waste water and characterized a lytic bacteriophage STH1 capable of targeting Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) with high specificity. The phage was isolated from sewage water of a hospital at district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Initial characterization showed that magnesium and calcium ions significantly increased phage adsorption to the host. One step growth experiment showed a latent period of 18 min with burst size of 334 virions per cell. Optimal temperature and pH of the phage was 37°C and 7.0, respectively. Phage application to host strain grown in milk and water (treated and untreated) showed that the phage efficiently controlled bacterial growth. The study suggests that the phage STH1 can serve as potential control agent for E. faecium infections in medical facilities and in other environmental contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Raza
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Rahmat Ullah
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, C-II Johar Town, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
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Kang IB, Kim DH, Chon JW, Seo KH. Effect of microbial control measures on farmstead cheesemaking and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus
and Enterococcus
spp. isolates. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Byeong Kang
- Center for One Health; College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University; Seoul The Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health; College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University; Seoul The Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health; College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University; Seoul The Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health; College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University; Seoul The Republic of Korea
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47
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Wei L, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Chen M, Xue L, Wang J, Ma L. Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Mineral Water and Spring Water in China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1109. [PMID: 28670302 PMCID: PMC5472655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic pathogen which is frequently detected in mineral water and spring water for human consumption and causes human urinary tract infections, endocarditis and neonatal sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of E. faecalis from mineral water and spring water in China. Of 314 water samples collected from January 2013 to January 2014, 48 samples (15.3%) were contaminated E. faecalis. The highest contamination rate occurred in activated carbon filtered water of spring water (34.5%), followed by source water of spring water (32.3%) and source water of mineral water (6.4%). The virulence gene test of 58 E. faecalis isolates showed that the detection rates of asa1, ace, cylA, gelE and hyl were 79.3, 39.7, 0, 100, 0%, respectively. All 58 E. faecalis isolates were not resistant to 12 kinds of antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR classified 58 isolates and three reference strains into nine clusters with a similarity of 75%. This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of E. faecalis in mineral water and spring water in China. The results of this study suggested that spring water could be potential vehicles for transmission of E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Lianying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
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48
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Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Oral Enterococcus faecalis Isolates Compared to Isolates from Hospitalized Patients and Food. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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49
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Ba HV, Seo HW, Cho SH, Kim YS, Kim JH, Park BY, Kim HW, Ham JS, Seong PN. Utilisation possibility ofEnterococcus faecalisisolates from neonate's faeces for production of fermented sausages as starter cultures. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Van Ba
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Seo
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Cho
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Kim
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Beom-Young Park
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kim
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Ham
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
| | - Pil-Nam Seong
- Animal Products Development and Processing Division; National Institute of Animal Science; 1500 kongjwipatjwi-ro Iseo-Myeon Wanju-gun Jeollabuk-do 565-851 Korea
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50
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Aljewicz M, Cichosz G. Influence of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilusNCFM,L. paracaseiLPC37, andL. rhamnosusHN001) strains on starter cultures and secondary microflora in Swiss- and Dutch-type cheeses. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Aljewicz
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn 10-719 Poland
| | - Grażyna Cichosz
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn 10-719 Poland
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