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Xu H, Zhou N, Huang Z, Wu J, Qian Y. Harmol used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus induced keratitis. Virol J 2024; 21:118. [PMID: 38802860 PMCID: PMC11131330 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of the eyes results in herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), which has led to vision loss and even blindness in patients. However, the rate of drug resistance in HSV is on the rise; therefore, new antiviral agents with sufficient safety profiles must be developed. At present, we assessed the anti-HSV-1 activity of 502 natural compounds and their ability to reduce the HSV-1-induced cytopathic effect. We chose harmol for further studies because it exhibited the highest antiviral activity. We found that harmol inhibited both HSV-1 F and HSV-1/153 (a clinical drug-resistant strain) replication, with an EC50 of 9.34 µM and 5.84 µM, respectively. Moreover, harmol reduced HSV-1 replication in corneal tissues and viral progeny production in tears, and also alleviated early corneal surface lesions related to HSK. For example, harmol treatment preserved corneal thickness and nerve density in HSK mice. Interestingly, harmol also showed a promising antiviral effect on HSV-1/153 induced HSK in mouse model. Furthermore, harmol combined with acyclovir (ACV) treatment showed a greater antiviral effect than either one alone in vitro. Therefore, harmol may be a promising therapeutic agent for managing HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22# Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Zhenping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, 22# Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yajie Qian
- Department of Caries and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30# Zhongyang Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
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2
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Gonzalez MM, Vizoso-Pinto MG, Erra-Balsells R, Gensch T, Cabrerizo FM. In Vitro Effect of 9,9'-Norharmane Dimer against Herpes Simplex Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4966. [PMID: 38732185 PMCID: PMC11084892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are highly widespread among humans, producing symptoms ranging from ulcerative lesions to severe diseases such as blindness and life-threatening encephalitis. At present, there are no vaccines available, and some existing antiviral treatments can be ineffective or lead to adverse effects. As a result, there is a need for new anti-HSV drugs. In this report, the in vitro anti-HSV effect of 9,9'-norharmane dimer (nHo-dimer), which belongs to the β-carboline (βC) alkaloid family, was evaluated. The dimer exhibited no virucidal properties and did not impede either the attachment or penetration steps of viral particles. The antiviral effect was only exerted under the constant presence of the dimer in the incubation media, and the mechanism of action was found to involve later events of virus infection. Analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging data showed that the nHo-dimer internalized well into the cells when present in the extracellular incubation medium, with a preferential accumulation into perinuclear organelles including mitochondria. After washing the host cells with fresh medium free of nHo-dimer, the signal decreased, suggesting the partial release of the compound from the cells. This agrees with the observation that the antiviral effect is solely manifested when the alkaloid is consistently present in the incubation media.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Micaela Gonzalez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús 7130, Argentina;
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martín 1650, Argentina
| | - Maria Guadalupe Vizoso-Pinto
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- Laboratorio Central de Cs. Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Naturales Pabellón II, 3er P. Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1 (IBI-1; Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Jonen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús 7130, Argentina;
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martín 1650, Argentina
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Villarruel FD, Denofrio MP, de León TS, Erra-Balsells R, Wolcan E, García Einschlag FS, Cabrerizo FM. Exploring potooxidative degradation pathways of harmol and harmalol alkaloids in water: effects of pH, excitation sources and atmospheric conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6068-6079. [PMID: 38299458 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This work explores the photochemical degradation of cationic species of 7-hydroxy-1-methyl-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole or harmol (1C) and the corresponding partially hydrogenated derivative 7-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole or harmalol (2C) in aqueous solution. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis (MCR-ALS and PARAFAC), HPLC and HRESI-MS techniques were used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The formation of hydrogen peroxide reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified, and the influence of pH, oxygen partial pressure and photoexcitation source on the photochemical degradation of both compounds was assessed. The potential implications on the biosynthesis of βCs and their biological role in living systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Tobías Schmidt de León
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando S García Einschlag
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
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4
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Ospina-Calvo B, De Gerónimo E, Villarruel FD, Aparicio VC, Ashworth L, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM. Distribution of photoactive β-carboline alkaloids across Passiflora caerulea floral organs. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:87-100. [PMID: 37448143 DOI: 10.1111/php.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports valuable information regarding the presence and concentration of a series of photoactive β-carboline (βCs) alkaloids (norharmane, harmane, harmine, harmol, harmaline, and harmalol) and their distribution across the floral age and organs of Passiflora caerulea. UHPLC-MS/MS data reported herein reveal that the βCs' content ranged from 1 to 110 μg kg-1 , depending on the floral organ and age. In certain physiologically relevant organs, such as anthers, βCs' content was one order of magnitude higher than in other organs, suggesting a special role for βCs in this specific organ. βCs' content also varied in a structure-dependent manner. Alkaloids bearing a hydroxyl group at position C(7) of the main βC ring were present at concentrations one order of magnitude higher than other βC derivatives investigated. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy of the flower extracts provided complementary information regarding other biologically relevant groups of chromophores (phenolic/indolic derivatives, flavonoids/carotenes, and chlorophylls). Since flowers are constantly exposed to solar radiation, the presence of photoactive βCs in floral organs may have several (photo)biological implications that are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ospina-Calvo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martin, Argentina
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando D Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martin, Argentina
| | - Virgina C Aparicio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV, CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, 3er P, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martin, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Torres-Ossandón MJ, Castillo L, Uribe E, Bilbao-Sainz C, Ah-Hen KS, Vega-Gálvez A. Combined Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Proteolytic Fraction P1G10 from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis Latex against Botrytis cinerea in Grape Juice. Foods 2023; 12:3400. [PMID: 37761109 PMCID: PMC10530099 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and the proteolytic fraction P1G10 from papaya latex was studied to find out whether a synergy exists in the growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea in grape juice, contributing to the improvement of conservation techniques and extending the shelf life and quality of food products. Grape juice (GJ) diluted to 16 °Brix with a water activity (aw) of 0.980 was prepared from a concentrated GJ and used in this study. Results indicated a 92% growth inhibition of B. cinerea when exposed to 1 mg/mL of P1G10 and 250 MPa/4 min of pressure treatment. The proximate composition and antioxidant compounds present in the GJ were not significantly affected after the treatments. Eight phenolic compounds and two flavonoids in GJ were identified and quantified, with values fluctuating between 12.77 ± 0.51 and 240.40 ± 20.9 mg/L in the control sample (0.1 MPa). The phenolic compounds showed a significant decrease after the applied treatments, with the HHP sample having a content of 65.4 ± 6.9 mg GAE/100 mL GJ. In conclusion, a synergistic effect at moderate HHP of 250 MPa/4 min with the addition of P1G10 was observed, and the successful development of a stable and acceptable GJ product was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Torres-Ossandón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Luis Castillo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Elsa Uribe
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Cristina Bilbao-Sainz
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Kong Shun Ah-Hen
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Julio Sarrazín sn, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Antonio Vega-Gálvez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
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Andrade MA, Mottin M, Sousa BKDP, Barbosa JARG, Dos Santos Azevedo C, Lasse Silva C, Gonçalves de Andrade M, Motta FN, Maulay-Bailly C, Amand S, Santana JMD, Horta Andrade C, Grellier P, Bastos IMD. Identification of novel Zika virus NS3 protease inhibitors with different inhibition modes by integrative experimental and computational approaches. Biochimie 2023; 212:143-152. [PMID: 37088408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with severe neurological disorders and congenital malformation. Despite efforts to eradicate the disease, there is still neither vaccine nor approved drugs to treat ZIKV infection. The NS2B-NS3 protease is a validated drug target since it is essential to polyprotein virus maturation. In the present study, we describe an experimental screening of 2,320 compounds from the chemical library of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris on ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease. A total of 96 hits were identified with 90% or more of inhibitory activity at 10 μM. Amongst the most active compounds, five were analyzed for their inhibitory mechanisms by kinetics assays and computational approaches such as molecular docking. 2-(3-methoxyphenoxy) benzoic acid (compound 945) show characteristics of a competitive inhibition (Ki = 0.49 μM) that was corroborated by its molecular docking at the active site of the NS2B-NS3 protease. Taxifolin (compound 2292) behaves as an allosteric inhibitor whereas 3,8,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-1H-phenalen-1-one (compound 128), harmol (compound 368) and anthrapurpurin (compound 1499) show uncompetitive inhibitions. These new NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors are valuable hits to further hit-to-lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Aparecida Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Melina Mottin
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruna K de P Sousa
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Clênia Dos Santos Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Camila Lasse Silva
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Nader Motta
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Christine Maulay-Bailly
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Amand
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
| | - Izabela M D Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Xu J, Yan D, Chen Y, Cai D, Huang F, Zhu L, Zhang X, Luan S, Xiao C, Huang Q. Fungicidal activity of novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates and mode of action on Botrytis cinerea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3022-3032. [PMID: 36966485 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal diseases remain important causes of crop failure and economic losses. As the resistance toward current selective fungicides becomes increasingly problematic, it is necessary to develop efficient fungicides with novel chemotypes. RESULTS A series of novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates which combined the structures of pyridine or heterocyclic motif and the N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)quinazolin-4-amine moiety, a binding group of ATP-binding site of gefitinib, were evaluated for their fungicidal activity on different phytopathogenic fungi. Most of these compounds showed excellent fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea and Exserohilum rostratum, especially compound F17 displayed the highest activity with EC50 values as 3.79 μg mL-1 against B. cinerea and 2.90 μg mL-1 against E. rostratum, which was similar to or even better than those of the commercial fungicides, such as pyraclostrobin (EC50 , 3.68, 17.38 μg mL-1 ) and hymexazol (EC50 , 4.56, 2.13 μg mL-1 ). Moreover, compound F17 significantly arrested the lesion expansion of B. cinerea infection on tomato detached leaves and strongly suppressed grey mold disease on tomato seedlings in greenhouse. The abilities of compound F17 to induce cell apoptosis of the non-germinated spores, to limit oxalic acid production, to reduce malate dehydrogenase (MDH) expression, and to block the active pocket of MDH protein were demonstrated in B. cinerea. CONCLUSION The novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates containing ATP-binding site-directed moiety, especially compound F17, could be developed as a potential fungicidal candidate for further study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Danni Cai
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengcheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Luan
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ciying Xiao
- School of Biochemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Hegazy A, Mahmoud SH, Elshaier YAMM, Shama NMA, Nasr NF, Ali MA, El-Shazly AM, Mostafa I, Mostafa A. Antiviral activities of plant-derived indole and β-carboline alkaloids against human and avian influenza viruses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1612. [PMID: 36709362 PMCID: PMC9883826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent evolution of drug-resistant influenza strains represents a global concern. The innovation of new treatment approaches through drug screening strategies and investigating the antiviral potential of bioactive natural-based chemicals may address the issue. Herein, we screened the anti-influenza efficacy of some biologically active indole and β-carboline (βC) indole alkaloids against two different influenza A viruses (IAV) with varied host range ranges; seasonal influenza A/Egypt/NRC098/2019(H1N1) and avian influenza A/chicken/Egypt/N12640A/2016(H5N1). All compounds were first assessed for their half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in MDCK cells and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against influenza A/H5N1. Intriguingly, Strychnine sulfate, Harmalol, Harmane, and Harmaline showed robust anti-H5N1 activities with IC50 values of 11.85, 0.02, 0.023, and 3.42 µg/ml, respectively, as compared to zanamivir and amantadine as control drugs (IC50 = 0.079 µg/ml and 17.59 µg/ml, respectively). The efficacy of the predefined phytochemicals was further confirmed against influenza A/H1N1 and they displayed potent anti-H1N1 activities compared to reference drugs. Based on SI values, the highly promising compounds were then evaluated for antiviral efficacy through plaque reduction assay and consistently they revealed high viral inhibition percentages at non-toxic concentrations. By studying the modes of antiviral action, Harmane and Harmalol could suppress viral infection via interfering mainly with the viral replication of the influenza A/H5N1 virus, whilst Harmaline exhibited a viricidal effect against the influenza A/H5N1 virus. Whereas, Strychnine sulfate elucidated its anti-influenza potency by interfering with viral adsorption into MDCK cells. Consistently, chemoinformatic studies showed that all studied phytochemicals illustrated HB formations with essential peptide cleft through the NH of indole moiety. Among active alkaloids, harmalol displayed the best lipophilicity metrics including ligand efficiency (LE) and ligand lipophilic efficiency (LLE) for both viruses. Compounds geometry and their ability to participate in HB formation are very crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hegazy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza District, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara H Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Noura M Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nasr Fawzy Nasr
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza District, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - M A Ali
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza District, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Assem Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Sharkia, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, 44813, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Islam Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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9
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Denofrio MP, Paredes JM, Yañuk JG, Giron MD, Salto R, Talavera EM, Crovetto L, Cabrerizo FM. Photosensitizing properties and subcellular localisation of 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines harmaline and harmalol. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 22:487-501. [PMID: 36402936 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHarmaline (1) and harmalol (2) represent two 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline (DHβCs) most frequently reported in a vast number of living systems. Fundamental aspects including the photosensitizing properties, cellular uptake, as well as the cyto- and phototoxicity of 1 and 2 were investigated herein. The molecular basis underlying the investigated processes are elucidated. Data reveal that both alkaloids show a distinctive pattern of extracellular DNA photodamage. Compound 1 induces a DNA photodamage profile dominated by oxidised purines and sites of base loss (AP sites), whereas 2 mostly induces single-strand breaks (SSBs) in addition to a small extent of purine oxidative damage. In both cases, DNA oxidative damage would occur through type I mechanism. In addition, a concerted hydrolytic attack is suggested as an extra mechanism accounting for the SSBs formation photoinduced by 2. Subcellular internalisation, cyto- and phototoxicity of 1 and 2 and the corresponding full-aromatic derivatives harmine (3) and harmol (4) also showed quite distinctive patterns in a structure-dependent manner. These results are discussed in the framework of the potential biological, biomedical and/or pharmacological roles reported for these alkaloids.
Graphical abstract
The subtle structural difference (i.e., the exchange of a methoxy group for a hydroxyl substituent at C(7)) between harmaline and harmalol, gives rise to distinctive photosensitizing and subcellular localisation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio Y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Jose M Paredes
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan G Yañuk
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio Y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Maria D Giron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M Talavera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Crovetto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio Y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
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10
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Bhattacharya P, De S. Simple naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloids – role in sustainable theranostics. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review is a brief treatise on some simple β-carboline alkaloids that are abundantly available in plants, animals and foodstuff. These alkaloids are well known for their pharmacological action as well as their allelopathic behaviour. The focus of this review is on sustainable use of naturally occurring compounds in safeguarding human health and protecting our environment at large i.e. the prospective applications of these molecules for Sustainable Theranostics. The review commences with an initial introduction to the β-carboline alkaloids, followed by an outlay of their geographical distribution and natural abundance, then the basic structure and building units of the simplest β-carboline alkaloids have been mentioned. This is followed by a discussion on the important methods of extraction from natural sources both plants and animals. Then the foundation for the use of these alkaloids in Sustainable Theranostics has been built by discussing their interesting photophysics, interactions with important biological molecules and an extensive survey of their therapeutic potential and allelopathic behaviour. Finally the review ends with a silver lining mentioning the future prospective applications of these alkaloids with special relevance to sustainability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati De
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , 741235 , India
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11
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Nie LJ, Ye WQ, Xie WY, Zhou WW. Biofilm: New insights in the biological control of fruits with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B4. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127196. [PMID: 36116146 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile microbial communities growing on surfaces, which are encased in some self-produced extracellular material. Beneficial biofilm could be widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, environment and other fields. As an ideal biocontrol agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B4 can form a strong biofilm under static conditions. In this study, we screened out metal compounds that enhanced or inhibited the biofilm formation ability of B4, established the relationship between the biofilm of B4 strain and its postharvest biocontrol effect, and explored the regulation of metal compounds on the biofilm formation. The results showed 0.5 mmol L-1 ferric chloride could enhance the biofilm formation and strengthen the antifungal effect of B4, indicating that there was a positive relationship between the growth of biofilm and its biocontrol effect. The enhanced biofilm had a certain biocontrol effect on different fruit, including peach, loquat, Kyoho grape and cherry tomato. Furthermore, the expression of degU and tasA was affected by metal ion treatment, which meant the genes might be essential for the biofilm formation of B4. Our findings suggested that biofilm of B. amyloliquefaciens played an essential role in the process of biocontrol and it might be a novel strategy for managing postharvest fruit decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jie Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Qiong Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Yue Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Qu G, Wu W, Ba L, Ma C, Ji N, Cao S. Melatonin Enhances the Postharvest Disease Resistance of Blueberries Fruit by Modulating the Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway and Phenylpropanoid Metabolites. Front Chem 2022; 10:957581. [PMID: 35942476 PMCID: PMC9355799 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.957581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin inhibiting the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits, blueberry fruits were dipped in 0.3 mmol L−1 melatonin solution for 3 min and stored at 0°C for 80 days. The results indicated that melatonin did not significantly (p > 0.05) inhibit the mycelial growth or spore germination of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In addition, an in vivo study revealed that melatonin treatment increased the enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) in fruits. Furthermore, genes related to jasmonic acid synthesis were upregulated (VaLOX, VaAOS, and VaAOC), as were those related to pathogenesis-related proteins (VaGLU and VaCHT) and phenylpropane metabolism (VaPAL, VaC4H, Va4CL, VaCAD, VaPPO, and VaPOD), which promoted the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and lignin in the fruits. These results suggest that melatonin enhances the postharvest disease resistance of blueberry fruits by mediating the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and the phenylpropane pathway.
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13
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Mycofumigation of postharvest blueberries with volatile compounds from Trichoderma atroviride IC-11 is a promising tool to control rots caused by Botrytis cinerea. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Dai JK, Dan WJ, Wan JB. Natural and synthetic β-carboline as a privileged antifungal scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114057. [PMID: 34954591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antifungal agents with novel structure, broad-spectrum, low toxicity, and high efficiency has been the focus of medicinal chemists. Over the past decades, β-carboline scaffold has attracted extensive attention in the scientific community due to its potent and diverse biological activities with nine successfully marketed β-carboline-based drugs. In this review, we summarized the current states and advances in the antifungal activity of natural and synthetic β-carbolines. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships and their antifungal mechanisms targeting biofilm, cell wall, cell membrane, and fungal intracellular targets were also systematically discussed. In summary, β-carbolines have the great potential to develop new efficient scaffolds to combat fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Jia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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15
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Vidkjær NH, Schmidt S, Hu H, Bodawatta KH, Beemelmanns C, Poulsen M. Species- and Caste-Specific Gut Metabolomes in Fungus-Farming Termites. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120839. [PMID: 34940597 PMCID: PMC8707012 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-farming termites host gut microbial communities that contribute to the pre-digestion of plant biomass for manuring the fungal mutualist, and potentially to the production of defensive compounds that suppress antagonists. Termite colonies are characterized by complex division of labor and differences in diet between termite size (minor and major) and morphological (worker and soldier) castes, and this extends to the composition of their gut microbial communities. We hypothesized that gut metabolomes should mirror these differences and tested this through untargeted LC-MS/MS analyses of three South African species of fungus-farming termites. We found distinct metabolomes between species and across castes, especially between soldiers and workers. Primary metabolites dominate the metabolomes and the high number of overlapping features with the mutualistic fungus and plant material show distinct impacts of diet and the environment. The identification of a few bioactive compounds of likely microbial origin underlines the potential for compound discovery among the many unannotated features. Our untargeted approach provides a first glimpse into the complex gut metabolomes and our dereplication suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential defensive roles to be targeted in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Hjort Vidkjær
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.V.); (M.P.); Tel.: +45-353-324-41 (N.H.V.); +45-353-303-77 (M.P.)
| | - Suzanne Schmidt
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Haofu Hu
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Kasun H. Bodawatta
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.V.); (M.P.); Tel.: +45-353-324-41 (N.H.V.); +45-353-303-77 (M.P.)
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16
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Photophysical properties of a β-Carboline Rhenium (I) complex. Solvent effects on excited states and their redox reactivity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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17
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Negri S, Commisso M, Avesani L, Guzzo F. The case of tryptamine and serotonin in plants: a mysterious precursor for an illustrious metabolite. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5336-5355. [PMID: 34009335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indolamines are tryptophan-derived specialized metabolites belonging to the huge and ubiquitous indole alkaloids group. Serotonin and melatonin are the best-characterized members of this family, given their many hormonal and physiological roles in animals. Following their discovery in plants, the study of plant indolamines has flourished and their involvement in important processes, including stress responses, growth and development, and reproduction, has been proposed, leading to their classification as a new category of phytohormones. However, the complex indolamine puzzle is far from resolved, particularly the biological roles of tryptamine, the early serotonin precursor representing the central hub of many downstream indole alkaloids. Tryptophan decarboxylase, which catalyzes the synthesis of tryptamine, strictly regulates the flux of carbon and nitrogen from the tryptophan pool into the indolamine pathway. Furthermore, tryptamine accumulates to high levels in the reproductive organs of many plant species and therefore cannot be classed as a mere intermediate but rather as an end product with potentially important functions in fruits and seeds. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of tryptamine and its close relative serotonin, emphasizing the need for a clear understanding of the functions of, and mutual relations between, these indolamines and their biosynthesis pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
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18
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Pu J, Chen B, Wu W, Yang C, Zhang G, Chruma JJ. Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent 1,3-Diaryl-β-carbolines and 1,3-Diaryl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12238-12249. [PMID: 34250327 PMCID: PMC8260278 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-diaryl-β-carboline derivatives, including 3,4-dihydro variants, were synthesized via a multiple-step approach. These compounds possess rigid and twisted configurations, which are expected to exhibit unique optical properties. The absorption and fluorescence properties of the newly synthesized compounds were investigated. These synthetic 1,3-diaryl-β-carbolines displayed strong emission in the range of 387-409 nm and exhibited absolute photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 74%. Density functional theory calculations were performed to better elucidate the geometric, electronic, and optical properties of these novel 1,3-diaryl-β-carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiYang Pu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Healthy Food Evaluation Research
Center, and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of
Physical Sciences & Technology, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Healthy Food Evaluation Research
Center, and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of
Physical Sciences & Technology, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Healthy Food Evaluation Research
Center, and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of
Physical Sciences & Technology, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jason J. Chruma
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Healthy Food Evaluation Research
Center, and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of
Physical Sciences & Technology, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-4319, United States
- ; . Tel.: +1434−982-3082
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19
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Li L, Xin Z, Okwong RO, OuYang Q, Che J, Zhou J, Tao N. Antofine inhibits postharvest green mold due to imazalil-resistant Penicillium digitatum strain Pdw03 by triggering oxidative burst. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13751. [PMID: 33949723 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of imazalil (IMZ) resistance in Penicillium digitatum has become a great threat for controlling citrus green mold. In this paper, we investigated the antifungal efficiency and mechanism of an alkaloid antofine against an IMZ-resistant P. digitatum strain Pdw03. Results showed that antofine exhibited a strong antifungal activity against the mycelial growth of strain Pdw03, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 1.56 × 10-3 and 1.25 × 10-2 g/L, respectively. In vivo application of antofine effectively delayed the disease progress and reduced the incidence of green mold in citrus fruit. The disease incidence of 10 × MFC antofine-treated fruit after 6 days of storage was only 11% ± 4%, which was significantly lower than that of the control (100% ± 0%). Antofine treatment altered mycelial morphology of strain Pdw03 without affecting the cell wall integrity. Although the ergosterol contents remained stable, a decrease in the total lipid content induced by lipid peroxidation was observed at 30 min of exposure, indicating disruption of cell membrane permeability of strain Pdw03. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents were also decreased at 60 min of exposure. These results indicated that antofine inhibited the growth of strain Pdw03 by disrupting cell membrane permeability and impairing energy metabolism induced by oxidative burst. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: One of the most economically important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit is green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum. The pathogen is mainly controlled by using imazalil, but the prolonged and extensive application of this chemical fungicide has led to emergence of numerous IMZ-resistant strains among P. digitatum isolates. Consequently, new and safe strategies for controlling citrus green mold caused by IMZ-resistant P. digitatum strains are urgently needed. In this study, an alkaloid antofine effectively inhibited the growth of IMZ-resistant P. digitatum strain Pdw03 and significantly decreased green mold incidence in the affected citrus fruits. Antofine induced membrane lipid peroxidation of Pdw03 mycelia, resulting in damage to the cell membrane and impairment of energy metabolism. Antofine is therefore a potential antifungal agent for the control of green mold, which provide theoretical guidance for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhitong Xin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | | | - Qiuli OuYang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jinxin Che
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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20
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Efficient β-Carboline Alkaloid-Based Probe for Highly Sensitive Imaging of Endogenous Glutathione in Wheat Germ Tissues. Int J Anal Chem 2020; 2020:8675784. [PMID: 33014063 PMCID: PMC7512064 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8675784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Discriminative detection of GSH is achieved by employing a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe (KL-DN) that bears β-carboline alkaloid as a potential fluorophore and an azide group as the recognition unit. A rapid fluorescence off-on change is caused by special redox reaction; KL-DN has the capability of monitoring endogenous GSH in wheat germ tissues, indicating that this probe holds great potential for biological applications in plant tissues.
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21
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Denofrio MP, Rasse-Suriani FAO, Paredes JM, Fassetta F, Crovetto L, Giron MD, Salto R, Epe B, Cabrerizo FM. N-Methyl-β-carboline alkaloids: structure-dependent photosensitizing properties and localization in subcellular domains. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6519-6530. [PMID: 32628228 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-β-carboline (βC) alkaloids, including normelinonine F (1b) and melinonine F (2b), have been found in a vast range of living species playing different biological, biomedical and/or pharmacological roles. Despite this, molecular bases of the mechanisms through which these alkaloids would exert their effect still remain unknown. Fundamental aspects including the photosensitizing properties and intracellular internalization of a selected group of N-methyl-βC alkaloids were investigated herein. Data reveal that methylation of the βC main ring enhances its photosensitizing properties either by increasing its binding affinity with DNA as a biomolecular target and/or by increasing its oxidation potential, in a structure-dependent manner. As a general rule, N(9)-substituted βCs showed the highest photosensitizing efficiency. With the exception of 2-methyl-harminium, all the N-methyl-βCs investigated herein induce a similar DNA photodamage profile, dominated largely by oxidized purines. This fact represents a distinctive behavior when comparing with N-unsubstituted-βCs. On the other hand, although all the investigated compounds might accumulate mainly into the mitochondria of HeLa cells, methylation provides a distinctive dynamic pattern for mitochondrial uptake. While rapid (passive) diffusion is most probably reponsible for the prompt uptake/release of neutral βCs, an active transport appears to mediate the (reatively slow) uptake of the quaternary cationic βCs. This might be a consequence of a distinctive subcellular localization (mitochondrial membrane and/or matrix) or interaction with intracellular components. Biomedical and biotechnological implications are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Federico A O Rasse-Suriani
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina. and Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jose M Paredes
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Federico Fassetta
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Luis Crovetto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria D Giron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
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Light: An Alternative Method for Physical Control of Postharvest Rotting Caused by Fungi of Citrus Fruit. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8821346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar light has fundamental roles in vast chemical, biochemical, and physical process in biosphere and hence been declared as “source of life.” Solar light is further classified into a broad range of electromagnetic waves, and each region in the solar spectrum bears its unique actions in the universe or biosphere. Since centuries, solar light is believed as a potent source of killing pathogens causing postharvest losses on food products as well as human skin diseases. Citrus fruit crops are widely produced and consumed across the world, but due to their higher juicy contents, Penicillium italicum (blue mold) and Penicillium digitatum (green mold) make their entry to decay fruits and cause approximately 80% and 30% fruit losses, respectively. Agrochemicals or synthetic fungicides are highly efficient to control these postharvest fungal pathogens but have certain health concerns due to toxic environmental residues. Therefore, the scientific community is ever looking for some physical ways to eradicate such postharvest fungal pathogens and reduce the yield losses along with maintaining the public health concerns. This review article presents and discusses existing available information about the positive and negative impacts of different spectrums of solar light exposure on the postharvest storage of citrus fruits, especially to check citrus postharvest rotting caused by Penicillium italicum (blue mold) and Penicillium digitatum (green mold). Moreover, a special focus shall be paid to blue light (390–500 nm), which efficiently reduces the decay of fruits, while keeping the host tissues/cells healthy with no known cytotoxicity, killing the fungal pathogen probably by ferroptosis, but indepth knowledge is scanty. The study defines how to develop commercial applications of light in the postharvest citrus industry.
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Rosero-Hernández ED, Echeverri FL. The Search for Quorum Sensing in Botrytis cinerea: Regulatory Activity of Its Extracts on Its Development. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020168. [PMID: 32023821 PMCID: PMC7076370 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes large crop and post-harvest losses. Therefore, new and effective strategies are needed to control the disease and to reduce resistance to fungicides. Modulating pathogenicity and virulence by manipulating microbial communication is a promising strategy. This communication mechanism, called Quorum Sensing (QS), has already been reported in bacteria and yeasts; however, it has not yet been studied in B. cinerea. To establish the existence of this biochemical process in B. cinerea, we prepared extracts at different growth times (D1-D12), which were applied to fresh cultures of the same fungi. The chemical analysis of the extracts obtained from several fermentations showed different compositions and biological activities. We confirmed the presence of several phytotoxins, as well as compounds 1-phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol. Day five extract (0.1%) inhibited conidia germination and elongation of germ tubes, day seven extract (1%) produced the greatest phytotoxic effect in tomato leaves, and day nine extract (0.1%) was a sporulation inhibitor. In contrast, the extracts from days 7, 9, and 12 of fermentation (0.1% and 0.01%) promoted pellet and biofilm formation. Sporulation was slightly induced at 0.01%, while at 0.1% there was a great inhibition. At the highest extract concentrations, a biocidal effect was detected, but at the lowest, we observed a QS-like effect, regulating processes such as filamentation, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. These results of the biological activity and composition of extracts suggest the existence of a QS-like mechanism in B. cinerea, which could lead to new non-biocidal alternatives for its control through interference in the pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms of the fungi.
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Villarruel FD, Denofrio MP, Erra-Balsells R, Wolcan E, Cabrerizo FM. Photophysical and spectroscopic features of 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines: a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20901-20913. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03363d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic and photophysical properties of 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline alkaloids in aqueous were revisited. Absorbing and emitting species present in aqueous solution in the entire pH range were reassigned by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D. Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH)
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2
- CC 164 (B7130IWA)
- Chascomús
| | - M. Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH)
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2
- CC 164 (B7130IWA)
- Chascomús
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Pabellón II
- 3er P
- Ciudad Universitaria
- (1428) Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- INIFTA – CONICET
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- La Plata
- Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH)
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2
- CC 164 (B7130IWA)
- Chascomús
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25
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Chen C, Cai N, Chen J, Wan C. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach Reveals the Antifungal Potential of Pinocembroside against Citrus Green Mold Phytopathogen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E17. [PMID: 31877872 PMCID: PMC7020183 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembroside (PiCB) isolated from Ficus hirta Vahl. fruit was studied herein with the aim to find the potential mechanism for significant inhibition of growth of Penicillium digitatum, a causative pathogen of citrus green mold disease. PiCB substantially inhibited mycelial growth of P. digitatum, with the observed half maximal effective concentration (EC50), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 120.3, 200, and 400 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, PiCB altered hyphal morphology and cellular morphology by breaking and shrinking of mycelia, decomposing cell walls, cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition to, a non-targeted metabolomics analysis by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was also performed, which revealed that PiCB treatment notably disrupted the metabolisms of amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, TCA, and ribonucleic acids, thereby contributing to membrane peroxidation. Current findings provide a new perception into the antifungal mechanism of PiCB treatment in inhibiting P. digitatum growth through membrane peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Nan Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
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Xin Z, OuYang Q, Wan C, Che J, Li L, Chen J, Tao N. Isolation of antofine from Cynanchum atratum BUNGE (Asclepiadaceae) and its antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Villarruel F, Denofrio MP, Rasse-Suriani FAO, García Einschlag FS, Schmidt De León T, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM. Light-induced full aromatization and hydroxylation of 7-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole alkaloid: Oxygen partial pressure as a key modulator of the photoproducts distribution. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111600. [PMID: 31473429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Full-aromatic and partially hydrogenated β-carboline (βC) derivatives constitute a group of alkaloids widely distributed in a great variety of living systems. In plants and bacteria, tetrahydro-βCs are the primary product of the Pictet-Spengler enzymatically catalyzed condensation. Tetrahydro-βC skeleton is further modified giving rise to the formation of a vast set of derivatives including dihydro- and full-aromatic βCs. However, in most of the cases, the later processes still remain unclear and other sources, such as photo-triggered reactions, deserve to be explored. In this context, the photophysic and photochemistry of 7-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole or harmaline (Hlina) in aqueous solution is reported herein. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis (PARAFAC), HPLC and HRESI-MS techniques were used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The formation singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified and their role together with the influence of pH and oxygen partial pressure on the photochemical degradation of HlinaH+ was assessed. We report herein the first study on photochemical full-aromatization of a dihydro-βC derivative. These results can shed some light on the βCs biosynthesis and role in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Federico A O Rasse-Suriani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando S García Einschlag
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tobías Schmidt De León
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
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Moraes Bazioli J, Belinato JR, Costa JH, Akiyama DY, Pontes JGDM, Kupper KC, Augusto F, de Carvalho JE, Fill TP. Biological Control of Citrus Postharvest Phytopathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080460. [PMID: 31390769 PMCID: PMC6723504 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus are vulnerable to the postharvest decay caused by Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, which are responsible for the green mold, blue mold, and sour rot post-harvest disease, respectively. The widespread economic losses in citriculture caused by these phytopathogens are minimized with the use of synthetic fungicides such as imazalil, thiabendazole, pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil, which are mainly employed as control agents and may have harmful effects on human health and environment. To date, numerous non-chemical postharvest treatments have been investigated for the control of these pathogens. Several studies demonstrated that biological control using microbial antagonists and natural products can be effective in controlling postharvest diseases in citrus, as well as the most used commercial fungicides. Therefore, microbial agents represent a considerably safer and low toxicity alternative to synthetic fungicides. In the present review, these biological control strategies as alternative to the chemical fungicides are summarized here and new challenges regarding the development of shelf-stable formulated biocontrol products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Moraes Bazioli
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Raul Belinato
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Henrique Costa
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Yuri Akiyama
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taícia Pacheco Fill
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Chen C, Qi W, Peng X, Chen J, Wan C. Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on Penicillium italicum and its Possible Mechanism. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E36. [PMID: 30691129 PMCID: PMC6406921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
7-demethoxytylophorine (DEM) is a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, which is reported to be effective in inhibiting leucocytes and regulation of human immunity. However, few studies reported the inhibitory effect of DEM against plant-pathogenic fungi, particularly postharvest pathogen Penicillium italicum (P. italicum). Current studies have investigated the antifungal activity of DEM through membrane damage and energy deficit in P. italicum. The results showed that the DEM potentially inhibits the growth of P. italicum in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro (mycelial growth and spore germination) tests showed great minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1.56 µg mL-1) and minimum fugicide concentration (MFC) (6.25 µg mL-1). Microscopic analyses showed that mycelial morphology of P. italicum was severely damaged following DEM treatment. Moreover, relative electrical conductivity and lysis ability assays showed that DEM treatment aids in destroying the integrity of plasma membranes that deplete reducing sugars and soluble proteins. The activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) demonstrated that DEM led to the disruption of TCA cycle in P. italicum mycelia. The results of this study led us to conclude that, DEM could be used as a natural antifungal agent for controlling postharvest blue mold disease of citrus fruits caused by P. italicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Wenwen Qi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Xuan Peng
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China.
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China.
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Screening and Antifungal Activity of a β-Carboline Derivative against Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii. Int J Microbiol 2019; 2019:7157845. [PMID: 30805002 PMCID: PMC6362477 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7157845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease of bad prognosis due to its pathogenicity and the toxicity of the drugs used for its treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the medicinal potential of carbazole and β-carboline alkaloids and derivatives against Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii. Methods MICs were established in accordance with the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for alkaloids and derivatives against C. neoformans and C. gattii genotypes VNI and VGI, respectively. A single active compound was further evaluated against C. neoformans genotypes VNII, VNIII, and VNIV, C. gattii genotypes VGI, VGIII, and VGIV, Candida albicans ATCC 36232, for cytotoxicity against the MRC-5 lineage of human fibroblasts and for effects on fungal cells (cell wall, ergosterol, and leakage of nucleic acids). Results Screening of 11 compounds revealed 8-nitroharmane as a significant inhibitor (MIC 40 μg/mL) of several C. neoformans and C. gattii genotypes. It was not toxic to fibroblasts (IC50 > 50 µg/mL) nor did it alter fungal cell walls or the concentration of ergosterol in C. albicans or C. neoformans. It increased leakage of substances that absorb at 260 nm. Conclusions The synthetic β-carboline 8-nitroharmane significantly inhibits pathogenic Cryptococcus species and is interesting as a lead compound towards new therapy for Cryptococcus infections.
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Antifungal activity of proteolytic fraction (P1G10) from (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis) latex inhibit cell growth and cell wall integrity in Botrytis cinerea. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 289:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Olmedo GM, Cerioni L, Sepulveda M, Ramallo J, Rapisarda VA, Volentini SI. Polyhexamethylene guanidine as a fungicide, disinfectant and wound protector in lemons challenged with Penicillium digitatum. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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β-Carboline derivatives as novel antivirals for herpes simplex virus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:459-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang ZJ, Jiang ZY, Zhu Q, Zhong GH. Discovery of β-Carboline Oxadiazole Derivatives as Fungicidal Agents against Rice Sheath Blight. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9598-9607. [PMID: 30134651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of β-carboline oxadiazoles were synthesized, and their fungicidal activities and mechanism of action against rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated. The results showed that all of these compounds exhibited significant in vitro fungicidal activity. Significantly, compound 5i (EC50 = 4.2 μg/mL) displayed the best efficacy and superior fungicidal activity compared to validamycin A (EC50 = 197.6 μg/mL). Moreover, the in vivo test also demonstrated that compound 5i could effectively control rice sheath blight and showed higher in vivo protective and curative activities against R. solani than validamycin A. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that compound 5i caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell membrane destruction, and DNA synthesis interference. These findings indicated that compound 5i displayed superior fungicidal activities against R. solani and could be a potential fungicidal candidate against rice sheath blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
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Photophysical properties of [(norharmane)Re(CO)3 (L)]+ complexes (L = bpy, phen or dppz). Redox behavior of the excited states and their interaction with Calf Thymus DNA. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dai J, Dan W, Schneider U, Wang J. β-Carboline alkaloid monomers and dimers: Occurrence, structural diversity, and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:622-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Vinayarani G, Prakash HS. Fungal endophytes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and their biocontrol potential against pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Venkataramana Reddy PO, Hridhay M, Nikhil K, Khan S, Jha PN, Shah K, Kumar D. Synthesis and investigations into the anticancer and antibacterial activity studies of β-carboline chalcones and their bromide salts. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1278-1282. [PMID: 29573910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of sixteen β-carbolines, bearing chalcone moiety at C-1 position, were prepared from easily accessible 1-acetyl-β-carboline and various aldehydes under basic conditions followed by N2-alkylation using different alkyl bromides. The prepared compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines. N2-Alkylated-β-carboline chalcones 13a-i represented the interesting anticancer activities compared to N2-unsubstituted β-carboline chalcones 12a-g. Off the prepared β-carbolines, 13g exhibited broad spectrum of activity with IC50 values lower than 22.5 µM against all the tested cancer cell lines. Further, the N2-alkylated-β-carboline chalcone 13g markedly induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells by AO/EB staining assay. The most cytotoxic compound 13g possessed a relatively high drug score of 0.48. Additionally, the prepared β-carboline chalcones displayed moderate antibacterial activities against tested bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Venkataramana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - M Hridhay
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kumar Nikhil
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - P N Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kavita Shah
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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Khalid S, Baccile JA, Spraker JE, Tannous J, Imran M, Schroeder FC, Keller NP. NRPS-Derived Isoquinolines and Lipopetides Mediate Antagonism between Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:171-179. [PMID: 29182847 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial-fungal interactions are presumed to be mediated chiefly by small-molecule signals; however, little is known about the signaling networks that regulate antagonistic relationships between pathogens. Here, we show that the ralstonins, lipopeptides produced by the plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, interfere with germination of the plant-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus by down-regulating expression of a cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC), named imq. Comparative metabolomic analysis of overexpression strains of the transcription factor ImqK revealed imq-dependent production of a family of tripeptide-derived alkaloids, the imizoquins. These alkaloids are produced via a nonribosomal peptide synthetase- (NRPS-)derived tripeptide and contain an unprecedented tricyclic imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline ring system. We show that the imizoquins serve a protective role against oxidative stress that is essential for normal A. flavus germination. Supplementation of purified imizoquins restored wildtype germination to a ΔimqK A. flavus strain and protected the fungus from ROS damage. Whereas the bacterial ralstonins retarded A. flavus germination and suppressed expression of the imq cluster, the fungal imizoquins in turn suppressed growth of R. solanacearum. We suggest such reciprocal small-molecule-mediated antagonism is a common feature in microbial encounters affecting pathogenicity and survival of the involved species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Khalid
- Departments
of Bacteriology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joshua A. Baccile
- Boyce
Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Joseph E. Spraker
- Department
of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joanna Tannous
- Departments
of Bacteriology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Microbiology, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce
Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Departments
of Bacteriology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Maisuls I, Wolcan E, Piro OE, Castellano EE, Petroselli G, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM, Ruiz GT. Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes with β-Carboline Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- INIFTA; UNLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Suc. 4, (B1906ZAA); La Plata Argentina
- IIB-INTECH - UNSAM-CONICET; I. Marino Km 8,2. CC 164 7130 Chascomús, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- INIFTA; UNLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Suc. 4, (B1906ZAA); La Plata Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Piro
- Instituto IFLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET) y Depto. de Física; FCE-UNLP, C.C. 67; 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | | | - Gabriela Petroselli
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCEyN; UBA, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria; (1428) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCEyN; UBA, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria; (1428) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- IIB-INTECH - UNSAM-CONICET; I. Marino Km 8,2. CC 164 7130 Chascomús, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gustavo T. Ruiz
- INIFTA; UNLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Suc. 4, (B1906ZAA); La Plata Argentina
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Rasse-Suriani FAO, García-Einschlag FS, Rafti M, Schmidt De León T, David Gara PM, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Naturally Occurring nor
melinonine F and Melinonine F Alkaloids and Structurally Related N(2)- and/or N(9)-methyl-β
-carboline Derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 94:36-51. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico A. O. Rasse-Suriani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Chascomús Argentina
- INIFTA - CONICET; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | | | - Matías Rafti
- INIFTA - CONICET; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Tobías Schmidt De León
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR - CONICET); Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pedro M. David Gara
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOP - CONICET - CIC); Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR - CONICET); Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Chascomús Argentina
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Liu X, Li M, Tan S, Wang C, Fan S, Huang C. Harmine is an inflammatory inhibitor through the suppression of NF-κB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:332-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Olmedo GM, Cerioni L, González MM, Cabrerizo FM, Volentini SI, Rapisarda VA. UVA Photoactivation of Harmol Enhances Its Antifungal Activity against the Phytopathogens Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:347. [PMID: 28326067 PMCID: PMC5339243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi responsible for post-harvest diseases on fruit and vegetables cause important economic losses. We have previously reported that harmol (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-ol) is active against the causal agents of green and gray molds Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. Here, antifungal activity of harmol was characterized in terms of pH dependency and conidial targets; also photodynamic effects of UVA irradiation on the antimicrobial action were evaluated. Harmol was able to inhibit the growth of both post-harvest fungal disease agents only in acidic conditions (pH 5), when it was found in its protonated form. Conidia treated with harmol exhibited membrane integrity loss, cell wall disruption, and cytoplasm disorganization. All these deleterious effects were more evident for B. cinerea in comparison to P. digitatum. When conidial suspensions were irradiated with UVA in the presence of harmol, antimicrobial activity against both pathogens was enhanced, compared to non-irradiated conditions. B. cinerea exhibited a high intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when was incubated with harmol in irradiated and non-irradiated treatments. P. digitatum showed a significant increase in ROS accumulation only when treated with photoexcited harmol. The present work contributes to unravel the antifungal activity of harmol and its photoexcited counterpart against phytopathogenic conidia, focusing on ROS accumulation which could account for damage on different cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Olmedo
- INSIBIO (CONICET, UNT), Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNTTucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana Cerioni
- INSIBIO (CONICET, UNT), Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNTTucumán, Argentina
| | | | | | - Sabrina I. Volentini
- INSIBIO (CONICET, UNT), Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNTTucumán, Argentina
| | - Viviana A. Rapisarda
- INSIBIO (CONICET, UNT), Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNTTucumán, Argentina
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